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Anatomy & PhysiologySkeletal Joints
Chapter 6,7, & 8
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IV. joints; the junction of 2 or more bones
A. function:
1. to hold bones together
2. to permit movement between bones
a. synarthrosis: no movement
b. amphiarthrosis: slight movement
c. diarthrosis: free movement
B. classification by:
1. function:
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2. structural
a. fibrous joints- connected by fibrous CT, tightly bound to each other, no movement.
a) sutures in the skull
b) distal tibiofibular joint
c) tooth in jaw socket
1) examples:
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Fibrous Joints
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b. cartilaginous joints- cartilage joins one bone to another-- little movement
1. symphsis pubis, the joint between pubic bones
2. joint between rib and sternum, costal cartilage
1) examples:
3. Joints between the vertebrae
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Cartilaginous Joints
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c. synovial joints- movable, complex structure
1) examples:
a) elbow
b) knee
c) hip
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2) structure:
a) joint capsuleb) synovial membrane/fluidc) articular cartilaged) joint cavitye) ligaments
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synovial membranes
synovial fluid / cavityarticular cartilage
joint capsuleligaments
periosteum
Joint Cavity
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3) movements:
1) Gliding2) Flexion 3) Extension4) Abduction,5) Adduction,6) Rotation,7) Circumduction,8) Pronation9) Supination10) Protraction11) Retraction12) Eversion13) Inversion14) Opposition
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abduction
adduction
rotation
circumduction
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gliding
extension
extension
flexion
flexion
opposition
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flexion
extension
flexion
extension
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
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pronatation
supination
protraction retraction
eversion
inversion
elevation depression
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4) types of:
a) plane (gliding) jointsb) hinge jointsc) pivot jointsd) condyloid jointse) saddle jointsf) ball and socket joints
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(f) Ball and socket joint