Name: Kinesiology
Period:
Unit 2/Chapter 8: Joints of the Skeletal System (p. 261-282)
OBJECTIVES:
Define the term articulation. Distinguish between the functional and structural classification of joints, and relate the
terms that are essentially synonymous. Compare and contrast the terms synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis and give
examples of each. Name the three types of fibrous joints and give an example of each. Identify the difference between the epiphyseal plate and an intervertebral disc. Sketch a typical synovial joint labeling all structures. Then in text form, discuss the
function of each of the labeled structures. Name the components and functions of synovial fluid. Define the terms fatty pads, articular discs, and bursa, and name a key location for each. List and discuss three factors that influence the stability of a synovial joint. Distinguish between the origin and insertion of a muscle. Name the three general types of movements allowed by joints. List the angular movements allowed by synovial joints and give examples of each. Identify the special movements allowed by the joints of the radius and ulna, foot, and
shoulders. Name the six types of synovial joints and give an example of each. Explain how an intervertebral disc can be all of the following:
o an amphiarthrosiso cartilaginous jointo symphysiso gliding jointo and plane joint.
For each joint study, provide the following information:o structural classificationo functional classificationo bone (processes) involved in making the jointo movements allowed by jointo classification of joint based upon movements.
Discuss some important joint disorders.
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1. Understanding Words (p. 261) Define, give an example and explain the following:
acetabul –
anul –
arth –
burs –
condyl –
fov –
glen –
labr –
ov –
sutur –
syndesm –
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2. Classification of Joints (p. 262-265)Joints can be classified two ways:
according to the type of tissue that binds the bones
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
the degree of joint movement possible:
immovable (synarthrotic)
slightly moveable (amphiarthrotic)
freely moveable (diarthrotic)
2.1. Fibrous Joints
Why are they called fibrous joints?
Summarize the following three types of joints and label the appropriate diagrams:
fibrous
syndesmosis
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suture
gomphosis
Cartilaginous Joints
synchondrosis
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symphysis
synovial Joints
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3. General Structure of a Synovial Joint (p. 265-266): Describe the following terms as they apply to synovial joints:
articular cartilage
joint capsule
ligaments
synovial membrane
synovial cavity
synovial fluid
menisci
bursae
Label the following knee joint:
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4. Types of Joint Movements (p. 269-272). Describe each of the following joint movements and label the appropriate diagrams:
flexion
extension
hyperextension
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
abduction
adduction
rotation
circumduction
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supination
pronation
eversion
inversion
protraction
retraction
elevation
depression
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5. Types of Synovial Joints (p. 267-268)
Describe and label the following types of synovial joints:
Ball and Socket
Condyloid
Gliding joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Saddle joint
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6. Examples of Synovial Joints (p. 272-279). Label the following joints:6.1. shoulder joint
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6.2. elbow joint
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6.3. hip joint
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6.4. knee joint
7. Life Span Changes (p. 279-282). Summarize life span changes:
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8. Joint Disorders (p. 280-281). Summarize the following disorders:8.1. sprains
8.2. bursitis
8.3. arthritis
8.4. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
8.5. osteoarthritis
8.6. Lyme arthritis
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