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scolexneck
Mature segment
Gravid segment
Teania worm
1. Teania saginata
2. Teania solium
Teania saginata
Taenia saginata (beef tape worm)
Double striated egg shellHexacanth embryo
More than 12 lateral uterine branch
Gravid segment rupture and release eggs
Human infected by eating undercooked beef
Definitive and reservoir host
Intermediate host
• Maturation time 8-10
weeks .
• Life span up to 25
years.
• Scolex evaginate in
small intestine and
attach it self to
mucosa of intestine.
Pathology• Adult: may be abdominal pain
with some abdominal disturbance.
-Scolex with hook
-Uterine lateral Branches less than 12
Usual Intermediate host liberated embryo,via bloodstream to tissue especially muscle Measly
pork
Definitive and reservoir hosts
Cysticercus is liberated, scolex evaginates, attaches itself to mucosa of small intestine. develops to adult. Maturation time 3months.Life span up to 25 years.
Development of cysticercus cellulosea-5x8-10mm
Pathology• Adult: may be abdominal pain
with some abdominal disturbance.• Larvae of T.solium produce cystic
nodules (cysticercosis) in sub- cutaneous tissue and muscles with mild symptoms; except when present in brain it can cause major central nervous system sign.
• Cysticercosis can occur by autoinfection:
• Internal—antiprestalsis movement of intestine gets its contents back to the stomach
• External ova in stool of infected patient contaminate his own food or hands
- Autoinfection- Opportunistic parasitic infection- I.H & D.h
Liberated embryo penetrates villus and becomes cysticercoid in4 days.Cysticrcercoid re-enter lumen ,attaches itself to mucosa and develops into adult worm in 10-12 days
- Librated embryo penetrates villus
and becomes cystocercoid in 4 days .- cysticercoid re-enters lumen, attaches itself to mucosa and
develops into adult worm in 10-12 days.
Diagnosis: Eggs in stools
TapewormDiseaseTreatment Taenia saginata TaeniasisPraziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single
dose
Taenia solium adult
TaeniasisPraziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose
Taenia solium larvae
CystisercosisPraziquantel (not for ocular cases)
50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci)
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepiasis
Praziquantel 15-25mg/kg single dose)
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid
disease
-Surgery (removal of cyst after injection of scolicide)-Albendazole
Each cours 10-15 mg/kg/day for 30 days, total of 4 course separated by 15 days breaks.
cyclenana.gif
3-8 mm in length 4 segments:1-scolex with 4 sucker and hooks,2- immature 3- mature 4- gravid segment.- Definitive host is dog.
- Intermediate host is sheep, cattle , camel and human.
Librated embryo penetrates mucosa carried by blood streams to various sites
(1)adult worms in bowels of definitive host. (2) eggs passed in feces, ingested by
humans or intermediate host.(3) onchosphere penetrates intestinal
wall, carried via blood to lodge in organs. (4) hyatid cysts develop in liver, lungs, brain, heart. (5) protoscolices (hydatid sand)
ingested by definitive host. (6) attach to small intestine and grow to adult worm.
•Infection•Human (I.H.), acceidental
ingestion of dog feces containing eggs.
•Dogs (D.H.) ingest offal (farm feed of ground organs) containing cysts.
Clinical feature and pathology• Depend on site and size• Can cause obstructions and pressure
on vital organs.• Or rupture of cyst with anaphylactic
shock.• Some cyst grow for short time ,die
and calcify.• 66% of cyst found in liver in Rt lobe.• H.cyst in lung cause pul.symptoms
and sputum containing blood and hydatid fluid.
• Can be found in bone , brain ,spleen and kidneys…..
diagnosis:•Clinically,•ultrasound scanning and
other imaging techniques•Laboratory•Serological detection of
antibodies.•Examination of cyst fluid for
brood capsules and protoscoleces, after surgical removal of cyst.
•Serologic Testing: detect antibody response• IHA (indirect hemagglutination
test) • ELISA (enzyme-linked
emmunosorbent assay)
Treatment:
Surgical Removal of Hydatid Cysts • 90% effective but can be risky depending
on location, size, and advancement of cyst • may need chemotherapy to prevent
recurrance
Chemotherapy• Albendazole is preferred treatment
because it penetrates into hyatid cysts. • Dosage: 10mg/kg body weight or 400mg
2x daily for 4 weeks, repeat cycles as necessary (up to 12)
• Mebendazole Dosage: 40mg/kg body weight 3x daily for 3-6 months
PAIR Treatment • Puncture, aspiration, injection,
respiration • Inject protoscolicidal substances
into the cyst
TapewormDiseaseTreatmentTaenia saginataTaeniasisPraziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single
dose
Taenia solium adult
TaeniasisPraziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose
Taenia solium larvae
CystisercosisPraziquantel (not for ocular cases)
50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci)
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepiasis
Praziquantel 15-25mg/kg single dose)
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid disease
-Surgery (removal of cyst after injection of scolicide)-Albendazole
Each cours 10-15 mg/kg/day for 30 days, total of 4 course separated by 15 days breaks.
What you need to know about a parasite
• Scientific name (and commom name)
• Geographic distribution ( in general terms)
• Life-cycle
• Pathogenesis
• Disease(s) caused
• Diagnosis
• Treatment ( drug of choice) & prevention
Resources on Parasitology
Centre for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) :
http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/HTML/Para_Health.htm
Resources on Parasitology
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