Cosmic data 2008 Cosmic data 2009 Collision data 2009
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 1/33
The Outer Tracker
1. Hardware status2. Space Alignment3. Time Alignment4. Event distributions5. Ageing
InteractionPoint
Muon System
Calorimeters Tracking System
Vertex Locator
RICH Detectors
The LHCb DetectorThe LHCb Detector
15 dec 2009 2/20Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning
InteractionPoint
Muon System
Calorimeters Tracking System
Vertex Locator
RICH Detectors
The LHCb DetectorThe LHCb Detector
15 dec 2009 3/20Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 4/33
Outer Tracker
34 cm
Total nr of channels: 53.760
One module: 34 x 490 cm2
4 x 64 = 256 straw tubes
5 m
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 5/20
~98% channels functional !
Huge Nikhef effort:
Tom, Albert, Ad, + ½ of
PhDs in bfys group
Hardware status
• DAQ 99% of FE electronics running fine 4 (432) disabled FE boxes (replace in
Jan) 0.22% noisy channels (without HV)
• not much extra noise with HV on• 90% noisy channels in 2% of FE
• LV and HV LV: 2(912) fuses blown, replaced HV: 7(1680) channels have HV trips HV power supplies: CAEN upgrades
units from 0.2 mA to 3 mA max currents
• Gas System• Prepare to add 1-2% O2
15 dec 2009 6/33Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning
The road to where we are now: Cosmics
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 7/33
• Debug DAQ• Software
Framework• Noise• Spacial alignment• Time alignment
Jan Amoraal, Thomas Bauer, Besma M’Charek, Roel Aaij
Cosmics: commission detector
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 8/20
2009 - collisions
2009 - cosmics
2008 - cosmics
• Hitmap: Holes are filled up in due time
Top view:
Jan Amoraal
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 9/10
Alignment
1) Positioning of OT Special attention to avoid
rotations Carefully checked
reproducibility At nominal to <1.5(3) mm in
x(z)2) Knowing position
Survey accuracy
to <0.5 mm
3) Software Alignment
Antonio Pellegrino
Alignment: framework
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 10/33
• LHCb alignment framework developed by Wouter, Gerhard and Jan Implemented generically for all subdetectors Extract misalignment from residual histograms Need to deal with correlations
Minimal chi-square method Minimize chi-square simultaneously wrt.
alignment parameters and track parameters
Find track parameters a:
With n tracks, find alignment parameters β:
• Complication… Some combination of parameters are
poorly constrained: ‘weak modes’
Jan Amoraal,Wouter Hulsbergen,Gerhard Raven
Alignment: results (cosmics 2008)
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 11/20
• Internal alignment of OT C-frames Fix 2 C-frames, align the rest Good agreement with survey
• Modules Allow modules to move within C-frame Checked consistency by splitting sample
• Ready for beam!
Odd/even evt nr Forward/backward
Full detail in Jan Amoraal’s t
hesis!
Jan Amoraal
A-side C-side
A-side C-side
Alignment: collisions
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 12/20
• Framework well tested• Now, try on collisions
Magnet on Different track distribution
• Adjustments wrt. survey <1 mm !
T1 T2 T3(IT) (IT) (IT)
C-frames:
Modules:±
1 m
mWouter Hulsbergen
Δx
(mm
)
Time alignment
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 13/20
• Hardware: hit needs to fall in readout window…
Raw time
drift time
parti
cle
Hit
s
Dec 2009Hit
sMiss events! Raw time
Nov 2009
Shift
• Software: determine t0 constants
Dri
ft T
ime
(ns)
Distance (mm)
5 mm
~45
ns
t0
Mod
ule
t 0 (ns
)
(Slope comes from tim
e of flight)
Aleksandr Kozlinskiy,
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 14/20
A look at collision dataA look at collision data
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 15/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 16/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 17/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 18/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 19/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 20/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 21/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 22/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 23/20Roel Aaij
A look at collision data: alignment
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 24/33
m=497.3±0.6 MeV
• Ks: close enough to the PDG…
PDG
A look at collision data: Drift time
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 25/20
• ~80k events from 11 Dec 2009• Drift time as expected
Inside readout window of 75ns Max drift time ~45ns
T1
T2
T3T1 T2 T3
Raw
TD
CC
alib
rate
d D
rift
Tim
e
75 ns
~45 ns
tmeas=tdrift+ttof+tprop+t0
A look at collision data: Occupancy
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 26/20
• Very few holes• Every hole is understood• Will be fixed in January
• More hits close to the beampipe
T1 T2 T3
Zoom Zoom Zoom
T1
T2
T3
A look at collision data: Efficiency
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 27/33
• Check for hit if predicted by track• Monitor plateau efficiency r<1.3
mm• Average efficiency over detector
>96%
2.45 mm
Straw length
Wire locators
Herve Terrier
A look at collision data: Efficiency
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 28/20
• 98% of detector working!• Three handful FE-modules have
problems:
T1 T2 T3
Herve Terrier
Long track
Upstream track
Downstream track
T track
VELO track
A look at collisions: Track types in LHCb
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 29/33
Long Tracks highest quality for physicsDownstream Tracks Ks finding
Upstream Tracks for RICH1 pattern recognition
T Tracks for RICH2 pattern recognition
VELO Tracks for Primary Vertex reconstruction
A look at collisions: Event distributions as expected
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 30/20
Nr of tracks with OT / event
Nr of tracks / event Nr of OT hits / event
Z Vertex (mm)
Area normalizedNo beam-gas correction
applied
A look at collisions: OT Track distributions as expected
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 31/33
Pseudo-rapidity (in T-stations) Momentum (MeV)
All tracks with T-segmentArea normalized (scaled by
+20%)
Ageing
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 32/20
• It’s the di-isopropyl-naphthalene (CAS
38640-62-9) inside the glue AY103-1 AY105 does not contain any plastifier Just produced one module with AY105
• Decided to add 1.5% O2 to gas
• Large currents cure! HV=1900V : large dark currents / discharges HV=1800V, with source scanning over
damage Increase argon Heating also cures same process?
After HV scan area Is it feasible to just crank up the HV
during beam for a few hours? Can the power supplies handle such an
instable situation of huge HV + LHC beam?
Barbara Storaci, Daan van Eijk+ 3 masters:Ivan Mous. Mathieu Blom, Erwin Visser
SummarySummary• Electronics in good shape• Alignment close to design requirement• Ageing stays a worry
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 33/33
• Data archiving and re-analysis• Data quality monitoring with reconstructed
quantities Tracking Efficiency algorithm (also for ageing detection)
• Continue comparison data / MC
OutlookOutlook
Backup
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 34/20
Efficiency: compare data/MC
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 35/20
• Data:
• MC:
Wire locators
Y (A.U) FE moduleX (pitch) X (pitch)
Y (A.U) FE moduleX (pitch) X (pitch)
Eff lower close to beampipe , due tohigher occupancy?
Ionization length 325um instead of 850 um
Plateau includesdead channels
Occupancy per Quarter
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 36/20
“Discrete” due to nr of tracks, 1,2,3, …
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 37/18
Beam Test
r (mm)
Dri
ft ti
me
(ns)
rt-relation:
2.45 mm 2.45 mm
r (mm)
Eff
icie
ncy,
ε
efficiency profile:
Resolution and efficiency for different HV and amplifier threshold
1) Reminder: effect of O2 on ageing
30 Nov 2009 LHCb week - N.Tuning 38/10
• What is the optimal amount of oxygen? Beneficial effect of O2 presumably due to ozone production
Ozone production maximal above 1% O2
Between 1% and 4% no difference in ageing rate
1% O2
NB: Need to disentangle effect of
flushing time from fraction of O2
30 Nov 2009 LHCb week - N.Tuning 39/10
2) Effect on Gain
0% O2 2.5% O2 4.5% O2
286 mV319 mV 229 mV
→ Summarized in LHCb-2008-064Effects of Adding Oxygen to the Outer Tracker Gas Mixture
→ Shown by Mathieu Blom in LHCb week 24 Nov 2008
• Addition of O2 to gas mixture reduces gain by ~20%: 2.5% O2 lowers response to 90Sr by 20%
2.5% O2 lowers 55Fe pulse height by 10%
Confirmed by Dirk, Yuri, Christian with O2 in test chamber in the pit
Relative gain
? Average path length is same for 5.9keV γ from 55Fe and 1MeV β from 90Sr
55Fe 90Sr
2) Effect on Gain (Erwin)
30 Nov 2009 LHCb week - N.Tuning 40/10
What is fraction of clusters that reaches the wire?
r (cm)
C
lust
er s
urvi
val p
roba
bili
ty
0% O2
Avg.=86%1% O2
Avg.=76%
2% O2
Avg.=67%3% O2
Avg.=59%
Simulations agree with 90Sr
Gain loss wrt 0% O2: 90Sr55Fe
Simulation
Magboltz/Garfield simulations
2% O2 gives average gain loss of 22% compared to 0% O2
Gain loss ranges from 42% at r=2.5mm to 0% at r=0mm
3) Effect on Hit efficiency
30 Nov 2009 LHCb week - N.Tuning 41/27
What is probability that 0 clusters reach wire?
Use λeffective=850 µm
Simulations agree with testbeam
(λeffective=850 µm fits testbeam best)
Ar/CO2 70/30 2% O2
>5% loss for r>1.9mm >5% loss for r>1.5mm
Magboltz/Garfield simulations
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 42/10
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 43/20Roel Aaij
15 dec 2009 Nikhef Jamboree, N. Tuning 44/20Roel Aaij