Cell› Fundamental unit of living organisms› Carry out metabolism› Specialized throughout the body› Cell membrane› Nucleus
Chromosomes Genes
Cytology (cyt/o = cell)
Tissues › A group of specialized cells working together
› 4 types Epithelial Muscle (voluntary, involuntary and cardiac) Connective Nerve
Membranes
Organs › Structures composed of tissues working
together
Organ (Body) Systems› Composed of several related organs working
together to perform a complex function
Organism (example: human body)Body system (example: digestive)
Organ (example: liver)Tissues (example: tissues in
liver)Cell (example: cells the
make up specific tissues)
Anatomical Position: Reference point in medical communication› Directional Terms
Anterior or ventral Posterior or dorsal Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Bilateral Unilateral Deep Superficial Parietal Visceral
Sagital plane: divides the body into two parts lengthwise, right and left
Frontal (or coronal) plane: divides the body into front and back sections from top to bottom
Transverse plane: divides the body into upper (superior or cephalic) and lower (inferior or caudal) portions
Imaginary slices through the body at specific points Imaginary slices through the body at specific points and in specific directionsand in specific directions
Describe actions or movements of body parts.
Almost always paired: Movement and its opposite Abduction/Adduction Pronation/Supination Flexion/Extension
Imaging permits visualization of the inside of the body
Used for diagnostic purposes; may also be used to guide procedures or surgery
Written reports in chart › Radiology
X-Rays› Easy to take; good screening tools› May be dye-enhanced› Shades of black, white, and gray only
Fluoroscopy › Shows a moving image› Useful in viewing GI tract and other mobile areas
and organs
Sonography› Ultrasound imaging – uses sound waves› Can produce a moving image› Often used to see a fetus in utero› Electrocardiography – used to diagnose heart
problems
Computerized Tomography (CT, CAT)› Uses computer-generated images of
structures within the body› Body is scanned in layers› May use contact media or radioactive
substances to enhance pictures PET scan − variation
Surgical procedures have advanced greatly
Common terms› Anesthesia › Dressings › Incision› Resection› Tomy vs. ectomy (suffixes)› Biopsy