:
" " - IVL IIASA
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E-mail: [email protected]
. +7 812 297 45 14
- EP-07 : , .1
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96 4 1996 .
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EMEP = 50 60,132x159 6
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2006 . (. )
:1. GAINS
2. GAINS - 8
GAINS
, .
IIASA
9
GAINS ONLINE :
, (SO2, NOX, VOC, PM, NH3) (CO2, CH4, N2O F-), , ( ) SO2 10
(, - , ..) : ; , , ; ;
11 GAINS
:
Russia, KaliningradRussia, Kola and KareliaRussia, St. PetersburgRussia, RemainingGAINS EUROPE 12
- : ; ; /, ; .
, , . 13
Regional Parameters( )couSpecCostSOxNOxPMEmfac_PM_CO2Activity Data( )Control Strategy( )controlStrategyGainsEmfac_SO2_NOx_VOCmob_exhemiParamNH3remeff_cost_VOC GAINS 14
Activity Data( ) actPathEneMob ,
allProcesses ( , ..)
actPathAGR ,
actPathVOC ,
actPathNH3 - ,
actPathParam - ,
actPathMacro - 15
Control Strategy( )
controlStrategyGains , 16
Regional Parameters( )
couSpecCostSOxNOxPM SO2, NOx, , Emfac_PM_CO2 2 ( , , )Emfac_SO2_NOx_VOCmob_exh SO2, NOx , ( , ..)emiParamNH3 , ( , , )remeff_cost_VOC - OC 17
- .- . . "" 2004 . - 18
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: , , , , , , -, ; ; ; , ; ; , . N ( ). 19
, , ., , , , , , 20
21
22
, Gains * - / / , , .
** - 2006 .* * * 23
SO2 (.) 24* - / / , , . -
** - 2006 .*
10- 25
SO2, NOx , , 2020 CIAM Report /2008 ( 4- , 14 17 2008 .) 26
: ( ) ( / , ) 27
2020 ., : , , , , Euro-IV SO2 74%NOx 29%PM2.5 33% 28