1
Комитет Полномочных Представителей Комитет Полномочных Представителей 26 ноября 2010 г., г.Дубна26 ноября 2010 г., г.Дубна
ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ
НОВЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВНОВЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ
ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ ТАБЛИЦЫ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ ТАБЛИЦЫ
Д.И. МЕНДЕЛЕЕВАД.И. МЕНДЕЛЕЕВА
ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ
НОВЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВНОВЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ
ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ ТАБЛИЦЫ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ ТАБЛИЦЫ
Д.И. МЕНДЕЛЕЕВАД.И. МЕНДЕЛЕЕВА
С.Н. ДмитриевС.Н. Дмитриев
2
3
4
Трансурановые элементыТрансурановые элементыТрансурановые элементыТрансурановые элементы
93 ≤ 93 ≤ Z ≤ 100: Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, FmZ ≤ 100: Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm
Md→118 – Md→118 – реакции с тяжелыми ионамиреакции с тяжелыми ионами
6
IV V VI
Hf Ta W
104 105 106
• ГазоваяГазовая химияхимия (gas-phase chemistry)(gas-phase chemistry)(Летучесть галогенидов, оксигалогенидов)(Летучесть галогенидов, оксигалогенидов)• Термохроматография (Термохроматография (ofof--lineline))• ИзотермическаяИзотермическая хроматографияхроматография (OLGA: On-Line Gas chromatography(OLGA: On-Line Gas chromatography))
1966 г. – И. Звара и др. (ЛЯР ОИЯИ, Дубна)
HfClHfCl44 TaBr TaBr55 WOWO22ClCl22
104Cl104Cl44 105Br 105Br55 106O106O22ClCl22
HfClHfCl44 TaBr TaBr55 WOWO22ClCl22
104Cl104Cl44 105Br 105Br55 106O106O22ClCl22
ХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВ(Z>103)(Z>103)
ХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВ(Z>103)(Z>103)
7
Aqueous-phase ChemistryAqueous-phase Chemistry1980 г. – Хьюлет и др.; 1980 г. – Хьюлет и др.; DD..HoffmanHoffman и др и др..261261
RfRf (78 сек) (78 сек) - - экстракция экстракция RfClxRfClx аминамиаминами
- - сорбция катионитамисорбция катионитамиRfRfHfHfZrZr - - экстракция ТВР, экстракция ТВР, TIOATIOA
ARCA (Automated Rapid ChemistryARCA (Automated Rapid ChemistryApparatus)Apparatus)263263DbDb – 27 сек жидкостная – 27 сек жидкостная
хроматографияхроматографияDbDbTaTaNbNb
SISAK (Short-lived Isotopes Studied SISAK (Short-lived Isotopes Studied by the AKufve technique)by the AKufve technique)многоступенчатая жидкостная многоступенчатая жидкостная
экстракция экстракция на высокоскоростных на высокоскоростных
микроцентрифугахмикроцентрифугах((257257Rf – Rf – 4 сек4 сек))
104104
ХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВ
8
5 40Zr 41Nb 42Mo 43Tc 44Ru 45Rh 46Pd 47Ag 48Cd
6 72Hf 73Ta 74W 75Re 76Os 77Ir 78Pt 79Au 80Hg
7 104Rf 105Db 106Sg 107Bh 108Hs 109Mt 110Ds 111Rg 112
RfCl4 DbCl5 SgO2Cl2 BhO3Cl HsO4
RfBr4 DbBr5
261Rf() 262,263Db() 266Sg(,SF) 267Bh() 269Hs() 268Mt() 271Ds() 272Rg() 277112()
78 s 30 s 21 s 15 s 9 s 0,1 s 0,2 s 2,5 ms 460 s
ХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВХИМИЯ ТРАНСАКТИНОИДОВ
9
Isotopes:
+U , Pu , Am , Cm[233, 238] [242, 244] [245, 248], [249][243] Cf Z = 112 - 118 48 Ca
beam tim e - 4000 h/y
beam intensity - 4 - 8 .10 /s
12
48Ca
Enrichment up to 68-70%(Lesnoy)
isotope productionhigh flux reactors
(Oak Ridge, Dimitrovgrad)
isotope enrichment 98-99%S-2 separator
(Sarov)
New ECR-ion sourceNew ECR-ion source(GANIL, JINR)(GANIL, JINR)
New separator & detectorsNew separator & detectors(Dubna, Livermore)(Dubna, Livermore)
New target matterNew target matter
technology of the target preparation – 0.3 mg/cm2 Separation and detection of Separation and detection of
superheavy nucleisuperheavy nuclei
Efforts focused on the synthesis of SHE
REACTORREACTORREGIMEREGIME
ACCELERATORSACCELERATORS
ISOTOPEISOTOPEENRICHMENTENRICHMENT
TARGET TECHNOLOGYTARGET TECHNOLOGY
NEWNEWRECOILRECOILSEPARATORSEPARATOR
10
ЦИКЛОТРОН У400ЦИКЛОТРОН У400ЦИКЛОТРОН У400ЦИКЛОТРОН У400
Карта нуклидовКарта нуклидов
~20 s
Of-line chemical separation of 268Db
Z=115
rotatingentrance window
catcher ofrecoiling atoms
rotatingAm -target243
He box (1 tor)
beam
12.50
Nb / Ta / Db - fraction4 - fissionfragment detectors
78-3He - neutrondetector
Dmitriev S N et al., Mendeleev Commun.15 (2005) 1Schumann D et al., Radiochim. Acta 93 (2005) 727Stoyer N J et al., Proc.9th Int. Conf. NN Collisions,Brazil, 28 Aug.–1 Sep. 2006.
Oganessian Yu Ts et al., Phys. Rev. C 69 (2004) 021601
10.46 MeV
9.75 MeV
9.71 MeV
125 m s
0.69 s
5.2 s
14.14 s
1.03 s
115
R
113
111
Mt
Bh
288
284
280
276
272
5
4
3
2
1
9.02 MeV
0 .
23.1 h
SF
Db268
205 MeV
10. MeV00
Transactinides
15 events
4848Ca + Ca + 243243AmAm4848Ca + Ca + 243243AmAmN SampleN Sample
(data)(data)ttirrirr
hrhr
Beam Beam DoseDose
EEbotbot+E+Etoptop+ + 11n (t,n (t,c)c) ttdetectdetect
hrhr
ttmeasurementmeasurement
hrhr
1 (1 (12.06)12.06) 2020 2,52,510101717 120+126+2120+126+211n (5;64)n (5;64) 2020 429429
2 (2 (13.06)13.06) 2222 3,73,710101717 2̶ 2̶ +86+1+86+111n (57)n (57) 7474 186186
3 (3 (14.06)14.06) 2222 3,43,410101717 131+124+1131+124+111n (3)n (3)
116+122+2116+122+211n (8;16)n (8;16)
1515
7272 385385
4 (4 (15.06)15.06) 2222 2,92,910101717 104+120+1104+120+111n (2)n (2)
97+125+197+125+111n (151)n (151)
100+128+1100+128+111n (89)n (89)
2222
2929
5151 358358
5 (5 (17.06)17.06) 3838 6,76,710101717 117+118+2117+118+211n (6,98)n (6,98)
108+107+3108+107+311n (4,31,43)n (4,31,43)
110+104+0110+104+011n n
----+76+2+76+211n (6,41)n (6,41)
66
99
1515
6868 861861
6 (6 (18.06)18.06) 2323 3,93,910101717 120+114+2120+114+211n (2,2)n (2,2) 3939 933933
7 (7 (19.06)19.06) 2222 3,63,610101717 -- -- 957957
8 (8 (21.06)21.06) 4545 7,47,410101717 119+110+2119+110+211n (5;33)n (5;33)
118+105+2118+105+211n (72,165)n (72,165)
65+58+365+58+311n (12,19,29)n (12,19,29)
55
9393
174174
910910
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
3,4.1018
14
Spontaneous fission half-life of 268Db
(N=163)
0 100 200 300time (hours)
Coun
ts / 1
0 ho
urs
0.1
1
10
0 100 200 300time (hours)
Coun
ts / 1
0 ho
urs
0.1
1
10
0 100 200
T = 29 h1/2
300
15 events
time (hours)
Coun
ts / 1
0 ho
urs
0.1
1
10
T1/2 = 32 h
15 events
00
50
50
100
E (
MeV
)1
E (MeV)2
E/ E
= 1
1
2
100
150
150
00
2
4
200
230 MeV
100TKE (MeV)
6
300
Cou
nts
/ 10M
eV
0
Cou
nts
0
5
1 0
1 2 3 4 5
M u lt ip le c o in c id e n ce
= 4 .2252Cf
268Db
QF ~ 280 MeV
15
ConclusionConclusion
The properties of the isotope The properties of the isotope 268268Db Db produced in the decay chain of produced in the decay chain of element 115element 115 using the gas-filled recoil separator agree by all using the gas-filled recoil separator agree by all measured parameters with the data of the present chemical measured parameters with the data of the present chemical experiment on the determination of its atomic number.experiment on the determination of its atomic number.
The decay chain of The decay chain of element 115element 115 synthesized in the reaction synthesized in the reaction 243243Am+Am+4848CaCa consists of 5 sequential consists of 5 sequential -transitions-transitions resulting in the resulting in the formation of the long-lived nucleus of formation of the long-lived nucleus of element 105element 105 leading to leading to spontaneous fission. A hypothesis of the possible spontaneous fission. A hypothesis of the possible -decay-decay of the of the Db Db nucleusnucleus has been totally rejected by the conditions of chemical has been totally rejected by the conditions of chemical separation of the reaction products in this experiment.separation of the reaction products in this experiment.
Thus, the data from the present experiment are the independent Thus, the data from the present experiment are the independent evidence for the synthesis of evidence for the synthesis of element 115element 115 as well as as well as element 113element 113 in in the reactionthe reaction 243243Am+Am+4848CaCa
Карта нуклидовКарта нуклидов
contraction and stabilization contraction and stabilization of of ss and and pp1/21/2 orbitalsorbitals
expansion and expansion and destabilization of destabilization of dd and and ff orbitalsorbitals
SO splitting of SO splitting of pp, , dd, , ff orbitalsorbitals
jj = = ll ss
20 )/(1(/ cvmm
2200 /4 mea
Re(7s) = 20%
scale as ~ Z2
-23
-19
-15
-11
-7
-3
1
E,
eV
7s
6d
nr rel
7s1/2
6d5/2
6d3/2
112
Relativistic effectsRelativistic effectsRelativistic effectsRelativistic effects
18
GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH ELEMENTS ELEMENTS 112112 AND AND 114114
GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH ELEMENTS ELEMENTS 112112 AND AND 114114
Are elements 112 and 114 volatile metals?
How do relativistic effects influence the chemistry of E112 and of E114?
19
How to experimentally determine a metallic How to experimentally determine a metallic character of a volatile element at a single character of a volatile element at a single
atom level?atom level?
→ → Determine interaction energy (adsorptionDetermine interaction energy (adsorption enthalpy) with noble metals (e.g. Au) enthalpy) with noble metals (e.g. Au)
→ → If metallic: strong interaction (adsorptionIf metallic: strong interaction (adsorption enthalpy) if non-metallic (noble gas like): enthalpy) if non-metallic (noble gas like): weak interaction weak interaction
Reaction:
242Pu(48Ca,3n)287114[0.5s]→α→283112[3.6s]
Compound Hg(Au)
and 112(Au)
Observed in Chemistry:Observed in Chemistry:
283112
4 s
9.54 MeV
287114
0.51 s
10.02 MeV
279Ds0.18 s
SF(>90%)205 MeV
Reported at FLNR:Reported at FLNR:Oganessian et al. 2004Oganessian et al. 2004
291116
6.3 ms
10.7 MeV
283112
9.52 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.072 s
SF94+51 MeV
283112
9.52 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.072 s
SF94+51 MeV
283112
9.52 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.088 s
SF112+n.d. MeV
283112
9.52 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.088 s
SF112+n.d. MeV
283112
9.48 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.536 s
SF127+105 MeV
283112
9.48 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.536 s
SF127+105 MeV
283112
9.37 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.592 s
SF108+123 MeV
283112
9.37 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.592 s
SF108+123 MeV
283112
9.35 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.773 s
SF85+12 MeV
283112
9.35 MeV
287114
279Ds: 0.773 s
SF85+12 MeV
The Observation Dubna2006/2007The Observation Dubna2006/2007
Eichler, R. et al. Nature (2007)
Exp
erim
ents
wit
h e
lem
ent
Exp
erim
ents
wit
h e
lem
ent 1
12112
-24°C-24°C -5°C-5°C -26°C-26°C -44°C-44°C
on gold
-126°C-126°C
on ice
242Pu (48Ca, 3n) 287114
5 weeks: 6*1018 48Ca
ResultsResults SimulationExperiment
(-5°C)(-5°C)
(-26°C)(-26°C)(-44°C)(-44°C) (-127°C)(-127°C)
(-24°C)(-24°C)
gas flowgas flow
Exp
erim
ents
wit
h e
lem
ent
Exp
erim
ents
wit
h e
lem
ent 1
12112
23
Тенденции изменения летучести элементов Тенденции изменения летучести элементов II II бб группы группы Периодической таблицы Д.И.МенделееваПериодической таблицы Д.И.Менделеева
∆H
суб
л.,
кДж
/мол
ь
∆H субл.
T к
ип.,
К
T кип.
4848Ca + Ca + 242242Pu Pu 4848Ca + Ca + 242242Pu Pu
283112
10.9 s
9.53 MeV
287114
10.04 MeV
279Ds0.24 s
SF
283112
4.0 s
9.54 MeV
287114
0.51 s
10.02 MeV
279Ds0.18 s
SF
ФизическийФизический экспериментэкспериментФизическийФизический экспериментэксперимент Химический экспериментХимический эксперимент
Тадс= -88 °C
4848Ca + Ca + 244244PuPu 4848Ca + Ca + 244244PuPu
288114
9.95 MeV
284112:109 ms
SF
284112101 ms
SF
288114
0.8 s
9.95 MeV
Тадс= -84 °C
ФизическийФизический экспериментэкспериментФизическийФизический экспериментэксперимент Химический экспериментХимический эксперимент
gold ice
Preliminary Results Preliminary Results Dubna 2007/2008Dubna 2007/2008
Exp
erim
ents
wit
h e
lem
ent
Exp
erim
ents
wit
h e
lem
ent 1
14114
Tdep:-88°C
Tdep:-4°C-84°C
Tdep:-93°C
27
Result from the chemistry experiment Result from the chemistry experiment
with element with element 114114
Result from the chemistry experiment Result from the chemistry experiment
with element with element 114114
→ → Element Element 114114 exhibits a very weak interaction exhibits a very weak interaction with with AuAu - pointing to a physisorptive - pointing to a physisorptive interaction (similar to a noble gas). interaction (similar to a noble gas).
→→ A quantitative description of this behaviour is A quantitative description of this behaviour is lacking so far. lacking so far.
28
30
Synthesis of a new element with atomic number Z=117
Yu. Ts. Oganessian,1) F. Sh. Abdullin,1) P. D. Bailey,2) D. E. Benker,2) M. E. Bennett,3) S N. Dmitriev,1) J. G. Ezold,2) J. H. Hamilton,4) R. A. Henderson,5) M. G. Itkis,1) Yu. V. Lobanov,1) A. N. Mezentsev,1) K. J. Moody,5) S. L. Nelson,5) A.N. Polyakov,1) C. E. Porter,2) A. V. Ramayya,4) F. D. Riley,2) J. B. Roberto,2) M. A. Ryabinin,6) K. P. Rykaczewski,2) R. N. Sagaidak,1) D. A. Shaughnessy,5) I.V. Shirokovsky,1) M. A. Stoyer,5) V. G. Subbotin,1) R. Sudowe,3) A. M. Sukhov,1) Yu. S. Tsyganov,1) V. K. Utyonkov,1) A. A. Voinov,1) G. K. Vostokin,1) and P. A. Wilk5)
1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, RF2 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA3 University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA4 Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA5 Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA6 Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, RU-433510 Dimitrovgrad, RF (Dated: April 1, 2010)
The discovery of a new chemical element with atomic number Z=117 is reported. The isotopes 293117 and 294117 were produced in fusion reactions between 48Ca and 249Bk. Decay chains involving eleven new nuclei were identified by means of the Dubna Gas Filled Recoil Separator. The measured decay properties show a strong rise of stability for heavier isotopes with Z≥111, validating the concept of the long sought island of enhanced stability for super-heavy nuclei
31
Target (249 Bk; 0,5 mg/cm2)
SiO2- Ta800°C
(4(4))
He/Ar (70/30)
CHEMISTRY OF THE CHEMISTRY OF THE 113113 ELEMENTELEMENTCHEMISTRY OF THE CHEMISTRY OF THE 113113 ELEMENTELEMENT
Au - 113Au - 11316 pairs
2.5m
1 L/min
32
Capillary length from target chamber to detector system is 2.5 mCapillary length from target chamber to detector system is 2.5 m
33
16 pairs of gold covered detectors16 pairs of gold covered detectors
34
4848Ca + Ca + 249249BkBk
Target 249Bk (0.5 mg∙cm-2)
natNd (30 μg∙cm-2)
48Ca Emid. target = 252 MeVI ~ 9 eμA
Irradiation: - 18.04.2010 – 31.05.2010;
target I - 3.5 1018 ; target II - 5.6 1018
9.1∙1018
35
Hg-185 DISTRIBUTIONHg-185 DISTRIBUTIONHg-185 DISTRIBUTIONHg-185 DISTRIBUTION
36
Alpha and SF spectraAlpha and SF spectraAlpha and SF spectraAlpha and SF spectra
37DGFRSDGFRS
Chemistry of the Element 113Chemistry of the Element 113Chemistry of the Element 113Chemistry of the Element 113
115115228888
113113282844
9.9.7575 MeV MeV33..66 ss
MtMt272766
RgRg282800
9.9.7171 MeV MeV00..7272 ss
BhBh272722
SFSF
TKE = 205(5) MeVTKE = 205(5) MeV16 h16 h
99..0202 MeV MeV99.8 .8 ss
DbDb226868
243243Am + Am + 4848CaCa3n3n
1010..000 MeV0 MeV0.48 s
αα22
αα44
αα33
αα55
αα11
1010..4646 MeV MeV87 ms
115115228899
10.31(9) MeV10.48 MeV
αα22
113113282855
αα33
SFSF
TKE = 218(5)TKE = 218(5) MeV MeV3838 ss
RgRg228181
9.9.74(8)74(8) MeV MeV9.48(11) MeV9.48(11) MeV
9.96 MeV9.96 MeV
117117292933
11.03(8) MeV11.26 MeV
αα11
7.9 s7.9 s1.2 s1.2 s
0.32 s0.32 s0.22 s0.22 s
21 ms21 ms10 ms10 ms
117117292977
115115290290
9.95(40) MeV10.23 MeV
αα22
113113286286
99..00(10)00(10) MeV MeV9.43 MeV9.43 MeV
MtMt278278
αα44
RgRg282282
αα33
9.59.55(19)5(19) MeV MeV9.9.1414 MeV MeV
BhBh274274
αα55
SFSF
TKE = 219(5)TKE = 219(5) MeV MeV3333..44 hh
αα668.8.80(10)80(10) MeV MeV
8.43 MeV8.43 MeV
DbDb270270
9.69.63(10)3(10) MeV MeV9.56 MeV9.56 MeV
117117294294
10.81(10) MeV11.00 MeV
αα11
1.3 min1.3 min7.4 min7.4 min
11.0 s11.0 s13 s13 s
0.74 s0.74 s8.1 s8.1 s
28.3 s28.3 s16 s16 s
0.023 s0.023 s1.0 s1.0 s
112 ms112 ms45 ms45 ms
117117292977249249Bk + Bk + 4848CaCa
38
DGFRSDGFRS 16 16 MayMay 2010 02:29:54 2010 02:29:54
Bk-target IIBk-target II
115115290290
αα22
113113286286
9.9.0101 MeV MeV1.85min1.85min
MtMt278278
αα44
RgRg282282
αα33
BhBh274274
αα55
СДСД
98.6 + 88.5 MeV98.6 + 88.5 MeV64.664.611 hh
αα668.648.64 MeV MeV<<1.1.4242 minmin
DbDb270270
249249Bk + Bk + 4848CaCa 3n3n
117117294294
αα11
Bot. Bot. 44
TopTop 4 4
115115290290
9.95(40) MeV10.23 MeV
αα22
113113286286
99..00(10)00(10) MeV MeV9.43 MeV9.43 MeV
MtMt278278
αα44
RgRg282282
αα33
9.59.55(19)5(19) MeV MeV9.9.1414 MeV MeV
BhBh274274
αα55
SFSF
TKE = 219(5)TKE = 219(5) MeV MeV3333..44 hh
αα668.8.80(10)80(10) MeV MeV
8.43 MeV8.43 MeV
DbDb270270
9.69.63(10)3(10) MeV MeV9.56 MeV9.56 MeV
117117294294
10.81(10) MeV11.00 MeV
αα11
1.3 min1.3 min7.4 min7.4 min
11.0 s11.0 s13 s13 s
0.74 s0.74 s8.1 s8.1 s
28.3 s28.3 s16 s16 s
0.023 s0.023 s1.0 s1.0 s
112 ms112 ms45 ms45 ms
117117292977
E* = 35 MeVE* = 35 MeV
1 event1 event
Top 4Top 4
9.61 MeV9.61 MeV
Preliminary Results Preliminary Results Dubna 2008Dubna 2008
Preliminary Results Preliminary Results Dubna 2008Dubna 2008
244Pu (48Ca, 3-4n) 288-289114
Exp
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ents
wit
h e
lem
ent
Exp
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ents
wit
h e
lem
ent 1
14114 D
GF
RS
COLD
D
Q1
Q2
10°C -160°C
400g/cm2
244Pu
ttrans~1.4 s
Gas flow:Ar 2.1 l/min
Recoil ranges tested with: 206Rn, 185Hg, 254No Reliable design:3 m Mylar, 1.5 cm Ar (1 bar)
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
1
10
100
#/ 2
0 k
eV
E, MeV
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
#/2
0ke
V
E, MeV
Preliminary Results Preliminary Results Dubna 2007/2008Dubna 2007/2008
Factor ~2-3 loss in overall efficiency: thin targets (2-3) transmission separator (3) higher beam doses (1.5) shorter transport time (2)
No preseparation DGFRS preseparation
Chemistry behind the gas-filled separator
DGFRSDGFRS 04 04 MayMay 2010 10:05:46 2010 10:05:46 16 16 MayMay 2010 02:29:54 2010 02:29:54 Bk-target I Bk-target I Bk-target II Bk-target II
115115290290
αα22
113113282866
8.89 8.89 MeVMeV
64.90 64.90 ssMtMt278278
αα44RgRg
282282
αα33
9.52 9.52 MeVMeV6.49 6.49 ssBhBh
274274
αα55
SFSF101.0 + 89.1 MeV101.0 + 89.1 MeV
79.25 79.25 hh
αα668.77 MeV8.77 MeV13.59 13.59 minmin
DbDb270270
249249Bk + Bk + 4848CaCa 3n3n
9.62 9.62 MeVMeV
117117294294
αα11
Bot. 8Bot. 8
Bot. 8Bot. 8
Bot. 8Bot. 8
Bot. 8Bot. 8
115115290290
9.95(40) MeV10.23 MeV
αα22
113113286286
99..00(10)00(10) MeV MeV9.43 MeV9.43 MeV
MtMt278278
αα44
RgRg282282
αα33
9.59.55(19)5(19) MeV MeV9.9.1414 MeV MeV
BhBh274274
αα55
SFSF
TKE = 219(5)TKE = 219(5) MeV MeV3333..44 hh
αα668.8.80(10)80(10) MeV MeV
8.43 MeV8.43 MeV
DbDb270270
9.69.63(10)3(10) MeV MeV9.56 MeV9.56 MeV
117117294294
10.81(10) MeV11.00 MeV
αα11
1.3 min1.3 min7.4 min7.4 min
11.0 s11.0 s13 s13 s
0.74 s0.74 s8.1 s8.1 s
28.3 s28.3 s16 s16 s
0.023 s0.023 s1.0 s1.0 s
112 ms112 ms45 ms45 ms
117117292977
E* = 35 MeVE* = 35 MeV
1 event1 event
115115290290
αα22
113113286286
9.9.0101 MeVMeV
1.85min1.85minMtMt278278
αα44RgRg
282282
αα33
BhBh274274
αα55
SFSF98.6 + 88.5 MeV98.6 + 88.5 MeV
64.664.611 hh
αα668.648.64 MeV MeV<<1.1.4242 minmin
DbDb270270
249249Bk + Bk + 4848CaCa 3n3n117117
294294
αα11
Bot. Bot. 44
TopTop 4 4
21.04.23 108 session of JINR SC 42
prel
imin
ary
Mass-spectrometer MASHA at the beam line of the Mass-spectrometer MASHA at the beam line of the cyclotron U-400Mcyclotron U-400M
STATUS of the MASS-SPECTROMETERSTATUS of the MASS-SPECTROMETERSTATUS of the MASS-SPECTROMETERSTATUS of the MASS-SPECTROMETER
Heavy ionbeam
Target
Hot catcher(graphite)
1TO
12, 114 ECR
Heater
Separating foil
FIRST EXPERIMENTSFIRST EXPERIMENTS
• Mass identification ofMass identification of 112 и 114 112 и 114 elements synthesizedelements synthesized at the reactionsat the reactions
242242Pu(Pu(4848Ca,3n)Ca,3n)287287114(0.5 s) –> 114(0.5 s) –> 283283112(4 s)112(4 s)
• Mass Mass identification identification ofof 11 1133 elements synthesizedelements synthesized at the at the reactionreaction
224343Am(Am(4848Ca,3n)Ca,3n)288288115 (0.1 s) 115 (0.1 s) →→284284113 (0.5 s)113 (0.5 s)
FIRST EXPERIMENTSFIRST EXPERIMENTS
• Mass identification ofMass identification of 112 и 114 112 и 114 elements synthesizedelements synthesized at the reactionsat the reactions
242242Pu(Pu(4848Ca,3n)Ca,3n)287287114(0.5 s) –> 114(0.5 s) –> 283283112(4 s)112(4 s)
• Mass Mass identification identification ofof 11 1133 elements synthesizedelements synthesized at the at the reactionreaction
224343Am(Am(4848Ca,3n)Ca,3n)288288115 (0.1 s) 115 (0.1 s) →→284284113 (0.5 s)113 (0.5 s)
NEW EXPERIMENTAL HALL
SEARCH of SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS SEARCH of SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS in NATUREin NATURE
Z=114 N=184Z=114 N=184 TT1/21/2 101099 y y
110-115 (eka Pt – eka Bi)110-115 (eka Pt – eka Bi)
Theoretical prediction of chemical propertiesTheoretical prediction of chemical properties Search of SHE in NatureSearch of SHE in Nature
Theoretical prediction of chemical propertiesTheoretical prediction of chemical properties Search of SHE in NatureSearch of SHE in Nature
Geological samples (high concentration Geological samples (high concentration of possible homologues)of possible homologues) Meteorites (Allende, Efremovka)Meteorites (Allende, Efremovka) Thermal Waters (hot brines, rift zone)Thermal Waters (hot brines, rift zone)
Neutron multiplicaties
Solid-State DetectorsSolid-State Detectors Big Proportional CountersBig Proportional Counters
•33He-filled He-filled counterscounters• Liquid Liquid scintillatorsscintillators
Spontaneous fission fragments
T1/2109 10-13 – 10-14 g/g
150 160 170 180 190140
15
20
10
-5
-10
118
112
114
110
108
- распад
Возраст Земли
15
20
5
1 s0
116
116
118
112
114
114
110
110
108
108
Число нейтронов
Log
T (
секу
нды
)
Поиски СТЭ в природе
Теория и эксперимент
108 y
105 y
1 y
Поиск СТЭ в космическихлучах
Cold fusion
Act,+48Ca
48
1 SF1 SF –– события в год события в год (T (T1/21/2=10=1099y)y)
соответствующийсоответствующий::
108/Os = 5.10108/Os = 5.10-15-15гг//гг ии
108/Os = 5.10108/Os = 5.10-19-19гг//гг
припри TT1/21/2≤≤101055yy
Xe – 140 Xe – 140 г – 1г – 1 SF SF в месяц в месяц
Fréjus peakFréjus peak
ModaneModane
Вход в тоннельВход в тоннель
Франция
ИталияИталия
ПОИСК СТЭПОИСК СТЭ
БЛАГОДАРЮ ЗА ВНИМАНИЕБЛАГОДАРЮ ЗА ВНИМАНИЕ!!БЛАГОДАРЮ ЗА ВНИМАНИЕБЛАГОДАРЮ ЗА ВНИМАНИЕ!!