ZIONISM

BABIKR ELNIMAH 201204005SALEH ABDULLA AL ALI 200601786

INSTRUCTOR:DR.HAJREDIN HOXHAQATAR UNIVERSITY

2012

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

OUTLINE

• Defining Zionism • The birth of Zionism• Ideas behind an independent state of

Israel• Historical events• Conventions in 1948• Effects on Palestine

Definition of Zionism

• A worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of Israel.(dictionary.com, 2013)

• The belief that Jews should have their own nation; Jewish nationalism. Zionism gained much support among Jews and others in the early twentieth century, and the hoped-for nation was established in the late 1940s in Palestine, as the state of Israel. Zionism is opposed by most Arabs. (New Dictionary of Cultural literacy, ‘05)

• The UN defines Zionism as a sort of racism

Historical Events

• Jewish settlements began in Palestine in the 1800’s however without a nationalist movement

Historical Events

• Political Zionism started when Theodor Herzl started lobbying for a Jewish state in Palestine around in the early 1900’s

• Initially Zionism was centered around purchasing land, creating schools, establishing themselves without political activism

Historical Events

• Early on the world powers were opposed to the idea of Zionism

• In Britain the Zionist made power moves through the creation of a lobby that convinced the Brits that a Zionist settlement in Palestine would he beneficial to them

Belford Delectation

• The accumulation of Jewish momentum lead up to the Belford declaration

• The Belford declaration was designed to create a cultural haven for Jews without a political identity

• The Belford declaration was strongly opposed by Arab out of fear of a hostile Jewish takeover

• The Zionist commission was created to implement the Belford declaration and act as intermediaries between Jews in Palestine and the British

• These events took place near 1917

Belford Delectation

American Support

• American support started out a lack of knowledge and understanding of the full facts of the middle east

• The average American was blissfully ignorant to the situation and trapped into supporting the Jewish movement

Conspiracy

• The Arabs the during WWI were ruled by the Ottoman empire and looked to the West for independence

• The West had strong Zionist lobbies with ulterior motives for a Jewish state in the middle east

WWI Army Recuritment AD

End of WWI

• The league of nations was developed and consisted of the super powers of the world

• America was in the league of nations however they took a neutral approach to the situations at hand

• With the rise of Hitler the immigration of the Jews to Palestine increased exponentially.

Issues Raised with Jewish immigration

• Arab opposition• Conflict between the

British and Arabs• Minor conflict lead to

punishment of some Arab leaders

• White paper resolution and London conference limited new Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,500 over a period of 5 years

• Britain promised to oversee illegal immigration

Zionist Opposition

• The Jewish disliked the white paper• This lead them to take action against

Britain• Mid 1942 America & Britain formed a

committee that reassured the Arabs and Jews no decision would be made with out consultation of both parties, the committee failed because of the American Zionist pressure

Rise of the Zionist

• With the looming possibility of war due to Nazi hostilities the British had no time to focus on the Palestine Israel issue

• However due to American neutrality at the time the Zionist in America had time to lobby and influence high figures

Rise of the Zionist

• Dec 1942 the American congress with a majority vote called upon president Roosevelt to restore the Jewish home land

• Roosevelt assigned a general to the middle to report the conditions of the middle east to the white house directly

• The general reported that the Zionist insisted on increasing Jewish immigration to the middle east

• This move was opposed by the Arabs and some Palestine Jews

Zionist organization of Palestine

• 3 mandates • 1) embrace Palestine and Transjordan

(near the dead sea)• 2) transfer of the Arab population

from Palestine to Iraq (and other Arab states)

• 3) Jewish leadership for the whole middle east in the fields of economic development and control

Escalation of Events

• In the 1943 Americans suggested the Saudi monarch should meet with the president of the world Zionist organization the Saudi king rejected the notion

• In 1944 American congress passed the Wright-Compton resolution calling for unrestricted immigration of Jews to Palestine and for a Jewish homeland to be established

• Arabs opposed • March 1944 rabbis Wise and Silver meet with the American

president after which he declared his support for Zionist• Throughout the rest of 1944 Zionist gained mainstream

support in America

East vs. West Support

• In the fall of 1944 king Ibn Saud commissioned the formation of the Arab league to defend Palestine by force if necessary

• In 1945 world leaders from Russia the us and Britain attended the Yalta conference the British and US were strongly pro Zionist

• Churchill called for Arabs to make a compromise with the Zionist

• The Soviets were opposed the creation of a Jewish state

Change of American Presidents

• With death of FDR the Zionist movement found themselves well prepared to challenge his successor Truman

• Zionist leaders warned that if the promises made by allied countries were not fulfilled the Jews would fight their rights

• The US and the UK toke the warning to heart creating great dialogue over the issue

• The UK with US support admitted 100,000 Jews into Palestine breaking the White Paper Pledge

The Creation of Israel

• After 1945 the influx of Jews into Palestine cause creation violence with lead to great concern in the international community

• This lead to the UN resolution of 1947 Nov. 29 partition of Palestine

• Which in turn lead to the proclamation of Israel in 15th of May 1948

Media Hypocrisy

• The media has a double standard when it come to Zionist

• They define the atrocious acts of the Israeli government as acts of self defense while considering any counteraction buy those whom have their land and right exploited are “terrorist”

• This is largely due to the Zionist influence in media though ownership and shady backdoor activities

Zionism Today

• Today Zionism is very much alive and influencing many parts of society as a whole

• The influence of Zionism stretches from the world of finance to entertainment (Hollywood) to politics and everything in between

• However there still remains a Jewish community who is opposed to the Zionist ideology

References

Lilienthal, A. (1978). The Zionist Connection: What Price Peace?, New York, New York: Dodd, Mead & Company

Shlaim, A. (2009). Israel and Palestine: Reappraisals, Revisions, Refutations, London: Verso

Stevens, R. (1970). American Zionism and U.S. Foreign Policy 1942-1947, Beirut, Lebanon: The Institute for Palestine Studies