8

Caracazo´sCaracazo´sCaracazo´sCaracazo´sCaracazo´sNOISENOISENOISENOISENOISE

The echoes from the anarchist punk bands of Venezuela(1995/2008)

2

Venezuela is a north SouthVenezuela is a north SouthVenezuela is a north SouthVenezuela is a north SouthVenezuela is a north SouthAmerica country it sharesAmerica country it sharesAmerica country it sharesAmerica country it sharesAmerica country it shareswith its pair’s poverty andwith its pair’s poverty andwith its pair’s poverty andwith its pair’s poverty andwith its pair’s poverty andthe exclusion of thethe exclusion of thethe exclusion of thethe exclusion of thethe exclusion of themajorities, but also it ownsmajorities, but also it ownsmajorities, but also it ownsmajorities, but also it ownsmajorities, but also it ownscharacteristics outline thatcharacteristics outline thatcharacteristics outline thatcharacteristics outline thatcharacteristics outline thatit of different way. While init of different way. While init of different way. While init of different way. While init of different way. While inLatin America the militaryLatin America the militaryLatin America the militaryLatin America the militaryLatin America the militaryregimes reigned, in theregimes reigned, in theregimes reigned, in theregimes reigned, in theregimes reigned, in theCaribbean country theCaribbean country theCaribbean country theCaribbean country theCaribbean country thedemocracy settled, anddemocracy settled, anddemocracy settled, anddemocracy settled, anddemocracy settled, andformally at least, since 1958.formally at least, since 1958.formally at least, since 1958.formally at least, since 1958.formally at least, since 1958.Also, its period of armedAlso, its period of armedAlso, its period of armedAlso, its period of armedAlso, its period of armedinsurgent fight lasted oneinsurgent fight lasted oneinsurgent fight lasted oneinsurgent fight lasted oneinsurgent fight lasted onedecade less than differentdecade less than differentdecade less than differentdecade less than differentdecade less than differentwith the strength that thewith the strength that thewith the strength that thewith the strength that thewith the strength that theguerrilla warfare showed inguerrilla warfare showed inguerrilla warfare showed inguerrilla warfare showed inguerrilla warfare showed inthe rest of Latin America.the rest of Latin America.the rest of Latin America.the rest of Latin America.the rest of Latin America.Throughout the continent theThroughout the continent theThroughout the continent theThroughout the continent theThroughout the continent thecountries tried to replace thecountries tried to replace thecountries tried to replace thecountries tried to replace thecountries tried to replace theexports following theexports following theexports following theexports following theexports following theprescription of CEPAL, whenprescription of CEPAL, whenprescription of CEPAL, whenprescription of CEPAL, whenprescription of CEPAL, whenin Venezuela its highest oilin Venezuela its highest oilin Venezuela its highest oilin Venezuela its highest oilin Venezuela its highest oilrent internalized the culturerent internalized the culturerent internalized the culturerent internalized the culturerent internalized the cultureof the call “port economy”.of the call “port economy”.of the call “port economy”.of the call “port economy”.of the call “port economy”.

The same spirit toThe same spirit toThe same spirit toThe same spirit toThe same spirit tocrosscurrent is reiterated incrosscurrent is reiterated incrosscurrent is reiterated incrosscurrent is reiterated incrosscurrent is reiterated inthe appearance of the firstthe appearance of the firstthe appearance of the firstthe appearance of the firstthe appearance of the first

counterculture expressionscounterculture expressionscounterculture expressionscounterculture expressionscounterculture expressions“punk” in the cradle of Simon“punk” in the cradle of Simon“punk” in the cradle of Simon“punk” in the cradle of Simon“punk” in the cradle of SimonBolivar.Bolivar.Bolivar.Bolivar.Bolivar.

While in countries likeWhile in countries likeWhile in countries likeWhile in countries likeWhile in countries likeBrazil, Argentina and MexicoBrazil, Argentina and MexicoBrazil, Argentina and MexicoBrazil, Argentina and MexicoBrazil, Argentina and Mexicothey attest punks since thethey attest punks since thethey attest punks since thethey attest punks since thethey attest punks since theend of the decade of 70´s, inend of the decade of 70´s, inend of the decade of 70´s, inend of the decade of 70´s, inend of the decade of 70´s, inVenezuela almost 10 years areVenezuela almost 10 years areVenezuela almost 10 years areVenezuela almost 10 years areVenezuela almost 10 years aredue to hope to know the firstdue to hope to know the firstdue to hope to know the firstdue to hope to know the firstdue to hope to know the firstexpressions the “NO FUTURE“.expressions the “NO FUTURE“.expressions the “NO FUTURE“.expressions the “NO FUTURE“.expressions the “NO FUTURE“.Also, while in Peru, ColombiaAlso, while in Peru, ColombiaAlso, while in Peru, ColombiaAlso, while in Peru, ColombiaAlso, while in Peru, Colombiaand Chile the punk is aand Chile the punk is aand Chile the punk is aand Chile the punk is aand Chile the punk is aphenomenon extended betweenphenomenon extended betweenphenomenon extended betweenphenomenon extended betweenphenomenon extended betweenthe popular classes of thethe popular classes of thethe popular classes of thethe popular classes of thethe popular classes of thesuburbs, in Caracas his firstsuburbs, in Caracas his firstsuburbs, in Caracas his firstsuburbs, in Caracas his firstsuburbs, in Caracas his firstbig wave is located in thebig wave is located in thebig wave is located in thebig wave is located in thebig wave is located in theeast of the city, cradles ofeast of the city, cradles ofeast of the city, cradles ofeast of the city, cradles ofeast of the city, cradles ofthe “children good” - rich.the “children good” - rich.the “children good” - rich.the “children good” - rich.the “children good” - rich.

At the end of the decade ofAt the end of the decade ofAt the end of the decade ofAt the end of the decade ofAt the end of the decade of80´s in Venezuela punk is80´s in Venezuela punk is80´s in Venezuela punk is80´s in Venezuela punk is80´s in Venezuela punk isdeveloped to the firstdeveloped to the firstdeveloped to the firstdeveloped to the firstdeveloped to the firstgeneration. Bands like Segu-generation. Bands like Segu-generation. Bands like Segu-generation. Bands like Segu-generation. Bands like Segu-ridad Nacional, Sentimientoridad Nacional, Sentimientoridad Nacional, Sentimientoridad Nacional, Sentimientoridad Nacional, SentimientoMuerto, Zapato 3, Desorden Pú-Muerto, Zapato 3, Desorden Pú-Muerto, Zapato 3, Desorden Pú-Muerto, Zapato 3, Desorden Pú-Muerto, Zapato 3, Desorden Pú-blico, Cuarto Reich,blico, Cuarto Reich,blico, Cuarto Reich,blico, Cuarto Reich,blico, Cuarto Reich,Chicaracas chicas y El Ena-Chicaracas chicas y El Ena-Chicaracas chicas y El Ena-Chicaracas chicas y El Ena-Chicaracas chicas y El Ena-no de la Catedral, amongno de la Catedral, amongno de la Catedral, amongno de la Catedral, amongno de la Catedral, among

An Anarchist reportAn Anarchist reportAn Anarchist reportAn Anarchist reportAn Anarchist reportBy: Rafael UzcateguiBy: Rafael UzcateguiBy: Rafael UzcateguiBy: Rafael UzcateguiBy: Rafael Uzcategui

Traslate:Traslate:Traslate:Traslate:Traslate:Rodolfo Montes de OcaRodolfo Montes de OcaRodolfo Montes de OcaRodolfo Montes de OcaRodolfo Montes de Oca

Venezuela Punk Scene.

Venezuela Punk Scene.Venezuela Punk Scene.

Venezuela Punk Scene.

Venezuela Punk Scene.

Lethargy and Genealogy

Lethargy and Genealogy

Lethargy and Genealogy

Lethargy and Genealogy

Lethargy and Genealogy

Reactively before thisReactively before thisReactively before thisReactively before thisReactively before thissituation, on the one hand, andsituation, on the one hand, andsituation, on the one hand, andsituation, on the one hand, andsituation, on the one hand, andlike a strategy before thelike a strategy before thelike a strategy before thelike a strategy before thelike a strategy before thepresent violence in thepresent violence in thepresent violence in thepresent violence in thepresent violence in theconcerts, the movementconcerts, the movementconcerts, the movementconcerts, the movementconcerts, the movementanarchopunk that has beenanarchopunk that has beenanarchopunk that has beenanarchopunk that has beenanarchopunk that has beendeveloped in the last yearsdeveloped in the last yearsdeveloped in the last yearsdeveloped in the last yearsdeveloped in the last yearshas backed down in visibility,has backed down in visibility,has backed down in visibility,has backed down in visibility,has backed down in visibility,with respect to the previouswith respect to the previouswith respect to the previouswith respect to the previouswith respect to the previousyears, assuming characteristicyears, assuming characteristicyears, assuming characteristicyears, assuming characteristicyears, assuming characteristicof ghetto. Although theyof ghetto. Although theyof ghetto. Although theyof ghetto. Although theyof ghetto. Although theydevelop initiatives indevelop initiatives indevelop initiatives indevelop initiatives indevelop initiatives indifferent cities, and maintaindifferent cities, and maintaindifferent cities, and maintaindifferent cities, and maintaindifferent cities, and maintaincommunication channels tocommunication channels tocommunication channels tocommunication channels tocommunication channels toeach other, they have not beeneach other, they have not beeneach other, they have not beeneach other, they have not beeneach other, they have not beenable to articulate a politicalable to articulate a politicalable to articulate a politicalable to articulate a politicalable to articulate a politicaland/or social answer againstand/or social answer againstand/or social answer againstand/or social answer againstand/or social answer againstthe situation of the country,the situation of the country,the situation of the country,the situation of the country,the situation of the country,and maintain weak relationsand maintain weak relationsand maintain weak relationsand maintain weak relationsand maintain weak relationswith the world no-anarchopunk.with the world no-anarchopunk.with the world no-anarchopunk.with the world no-anarchopunk.with the world no-anarchopunk.In many dimensions, due to theIn many dimensions, due to theIn many dimensions, due to theIn many dimensions, due to theIn many dimensions, due to thegenerational rupture, divisiongenerational rupture, divisiongenerational rupture, divisiongenerational rupture, divisiongenerational rupture, division

of the basic social weave,of the basic social weave,of the basic social weave,of the basic social weave,of the basic social weave,institutionalization of theinstitutionalization of theinstitutionalization of theinstitutionalization of theinstitutionalization of thespeech and counterculturespeech and counterculturespeech and counterculturespeech and counterculturespeech and counterculturepractice and the absence ofpractice and the absence ofpractice and the absence ofpractice and the absence ofpractice and the absence ofindependent social movements,independent social movements,independent social movements,independent social movements,independent social movements,almost begin a zero routealmost begin a zero routealmost begin a zero routealmost begin a zero routealmost begin a zero routestarting off. Therefore, thestarting off. Therefore, thestarting off. Therefore, thestarting off. Therefore, thestarting off. Therefore, thereversion of this scenereversion of this scenereversion of this scenereversion of this scenereversion of this scenedepends, largely, of breaks ofdepends, largely, of breaks ofdepends, largely, of breaks ofdepends, largely, of breaks ofdepends, largely, of breaks ofa false political polarizationa false political polarizationa false political polarizationa false political polarizationa false political polarization- in as much struggle- in as much struggle- in as much struggle- in as much struggle- in as much struggleinterbourgeois by the controlinterbourgeois by the controlinterbourgeois by the controlinterbourgeois by the controlinterbourgeois by the controlof the oil income and theof the oil income and theof the oil income and theof the oil income and theof the oil income and theresurrection of the values ofresurrection of the values ofresurrection of the values ofresurrection of the values ofresurrection of the values ofindependence, autonomy andindependence, autonomy andindependence, autonomy andindependence, autonomy andindependence, autonomy andself-management in the citizenself-management in the citizenself-management in the citizenself-management in the citizenself-management in the citizenand popular initiatives of theand popular initiatives of theand popular initiatives of theand popular initiatives of theand popular initiatives of thecountrycountrycountrycountrycountry

The punk today in Venezue- The punk today in Venezue- The punk today in Venezue- The punk today in Venezue- The punk today in Venezue-la is not dead, but in intensivela is not dead, but in intensivela is not dead, but in intensivela is not dead, but in intensivela is not dead, but in intensivetherapy.therapy.therapy.therapy.therapy.

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others, they were the pioneersothers, they were the pioneersothers, they were the pioneersothers, they were the pioneersothers, they were the pioneersof a sort concerned to theof a sort concerned to theof a sort concerned to theof a sort concerned to theof a sort concerned to thecountry by the “children ofcountry by the “children ofcountry by the “children ofcountry by the “children ofcountry by the “children ofpapa” who, in their vacationspapa” who, in their vacationspapa” who, in their vacationspapa” who, in their vacationspapa” who, in their vacationsto Europe and the Unitedto Europe and the Unitedto Europe and the Unitedto Europe and the Unitedto Europe and the UnitedStates, absorbed the lastStates, absorbed the lastStates, absorbed the lastStates, absorbed the lastStates, absorbed the lastdeath rattles of the first bigdeath rattles of the first bigdeath rattles of the first bigdeath rattles of the first bigdeath rattles of the first bigwave world-wide punk. Letterswave world-wide punk. Letterswave world-wide punk. Letterswave world-wide punk. Letterswave world-wide punk. Lettersof protest, clothes by halvesof protest, clothes by halvesof protest, clothes by halvesof protest, clothes by halvesof protest, clothes by halvesbetween London and San Fran-between London and San Fran-between London and San Fran-between London and San Fran-between London and San Fran-cisco, first fanzines andcisco, first fanzines andcisco, first fanzines andcisco, first fanzines andcisco, first fanzines andalternative magazines andalternative magazines andalternative magazines andalternative magazines andalternative magazines anduntil a “miniteca” - a portableuntil a “miniteca” - a portableuntil a “miniteca” - a portableuntil a “miniteca” - a portableuntil a “miniteca” - a portablediscotheque formed the ori-discotheque formed the ori-discotheque formed the ori-discotheque formed the ori-discotheque formed the ori-ginal scene of the country-ginal scene of the country-ginal scene of the country-ginal scene of the country-ginal scene of the country-The majority of theseThe majority of theseThe majority of theseThe majority of theseThe majority of thesegroupings changed to othergroupings changed to othergroupings changed to othergroupings changed to othergroupings changed to othermusical styles, becoming po-musical styles, becoming po-musical styles, becoming po-musical styles, becoming po-musical styles, becoming po-pular with the edition of hispular with the edition of hispular with the edition of hispular with the edition of hispular with the edition of hisfirst discs on the part offirst discs on the part offirst discs on the part offirst discs on the part offirst discs on the part ofgreat records companies.great records companies.great records companies.great records companies.great records companies.

The beginning of theThe beginning of theThe beginning of theThe beginning of theThe beginning of the

following decade is greetedfollowing decade is greetedfollowing decade is greetedfollowing decade is greetedfollowing decade is greetedby a series of events thatby a series of events thatby a series of events thatby a series of events thatby a series of events thatare going to promote, toare going to promote, toare going to promote, toare going to promote, toare going to promote, toinfluence and to model theinfluence and to model theinfluence and to model theinfluence and to model theinfluence and to model theappearance of one secondappearance of one secondappearance of one secondappearance of one secondappearance of one secondVenezuelan generation ofVenezuelan generation ofVenezuelan generation ofVenezuelan generation ofVenezuelan generation ofpunks. The devaluation of thepunks. The devaluation of thepunks. The devaluation of thepunks. The devaluation of thepunks. The devaluation of theBolivar (1983) The AmparoBolivar (1983) The AmparoBolivar (1983) The AmparoBolivar (1983) The AmparoBolivar (1983) The AmparoMassacre (1988), El CaracazoMassacre (1988), El CaracazoMassacre (1988), El CaracazoMassacre (1988), El CaracazoMassacre (1988), El Caracazo(1989) and the two military(1989) and the two military(1989) and the two military(1989) and the two military(1989) and the two militaryfail coup (1992) it is thefail coup (1992) it is thefail coup (1992) it is thefail coup (1992) it is thefail coup (1992) it is thecontext in which the punkcontext in which the punkcontext in which the punkcontext in which the punkcontext in which the punkleaves the urbanizations ofleaves the urbanizations ofleaves the urbanizations ofleaves the urbanizations ofleaves the urbanizations ofthe East of Caracas to extendthe East of Caracas to extendthe East of Caracas to extendthe East of Caracas to extendthe East of Caracas to extendto districts and zones ofto districts and zones ofto districts and zones ofto districts and zones ofto districts and zones ofmiddle-class of the city,middle-class of the city,middle-class of the city,middle-class of the city,middle-class of the city,including the Universities. Inincluding the Universities. Inincluding the Universities. Inincluding the Universities. Inincluding the Universities. Inthis stage, as well, nuclei ofthis stage, as well, nuclei ofthis stage, as well, nuclei ofthis stage, as well, nuclei ofthis stage, as well, nuclei ofpunks in cities of the rearpunks in cities of the rearpunks in cities of the rearpunks in cities of the rearpunks in cities of the reararea are developed visibly:area are developed visibly:area are developed visibly:area are developed visibly:area are developed visibly:Maracaibo, Barquisimeto, SanMaracaibo, Barquisimeto, SanMaracaibo, Barquisimeto, SanMaracaibo, Barquisimeto, SanMaracaibo, Barquisimeto, SanCristóbal, Merida and Valen-Cristóbal, Merida and Valen-Cristóbal, Merida and Valen-Cristóbal, Merida and Valen-Cristóbal, Merida and Valen-cia. In Caracas, for example,cia. In Caracas, for example,cia. In Caracas, for example,cia. In Caracas, for example,cia. In Caracas, for example,

the advances of the technologythe advances of the technologythe advances of the technologythe advances of the technologythe advances of the technologyoutside made that them simpleroutside made that them simpleroutside made that them simpleroutside made that them simpleroutside made that them simplerbands to accede to the recordingbands to accede to the recordingbands to accede to the recordingbands to accede to the recordingbands to accede to the recordingstudios and the Internet tostudios and the Internet tostudios and the Internet tostudios and the Internet tostudios and the Internet tooccur to know.occur to know.occur to know.occur to know.occur to know.

Nevertheless, the intenseNevertheless, the intenseNevertheless, the intenseNevertheless, the intenseNevertheless, the intensepolitical polarization thatpolitical polarization thatpolitical polarization thatpolitical polarization thatpolitical polarization thatdeed in the country in thatdeed in the country in thatdeed in the country in thatdeed in the country in thatdeed in the country in thatyear, and which among othersyear, and which among othersyear, and which among othersyear, and which among othersyear, and which among othersreaches its greater intensityreaches its greater intensityreaches its greater intensityreaches its greater intensityreaches its greater intensityin period 2002-2005, when itin period 2002-2005, when itin period 2002-2005, when itin period 2002-2005, when itin period 2002-2005, when ithappens a coup d'etat againsthappens a coup d'etat againsthappens a coup d'etat againsthappens a coup d'etat againsthappens a coup d'etat againstpresident Chávez, nationalpresident Chávez, nationalpresident Chávez, nationalpresident Chávez, nationalpresident Chávez, nationalunemployment summoned by mainunemployment summoned by mainunemployment summoned by mainunemployment summoned by mainunemployment summoned by mainthe power station of workersthe power station of workersthe power station of workersthe power station of workersthe power station of workersand the traditional union ofand the traditional union ofand the traditional union ofand the traditional union ofand the traditional union ofthe industralists, events,the industralists, events,the industralists, events,the industralists, events,the industralists, events,fragments and disperses all thefragments and disperses all thefragments and disperses all thefragments and disperses all thefragments and disperses all thescopes of the Venezuelanscopes of the Venezuelanscopes of the Venezuelanscopes of the Venezuelanscopes of the Venezuelansociety, of which it does notsociety, of which it does notsociety, of which it does notsociety, of which it does notsociety, of which it does notsave the cultural world nor thesave the cultural world nor thesave the cultural world nor thesave the cultural world nor thesave the cultural world nor theown one moved “punk”. Theown one moved “punk”. Theown one moved “punk”. Theown one moved “punk”. Theown one moved “punk”. Thecircuits, spaces and activitiescircuits, spaces and activitiescircuits, spaces and activitiescircuits, spaces and activitiescircuits, spaces and activitiesare reduced to their minimumare reduced to their minimumare reduced to their minimumare reduced to their minimumare reduced to their minimum

expression, whereas anexpression, whereas anexpression, whereas anexpression, whereas anexpression, whereas analternative” movementalternative” movementalternative” movementalternative” movementalternative” movementpromoted by the ownpromoted by the ownpromoted by the ownpromoted by the ownpromoted by the ownbolivariano governmentbolivariano governmentbolivariano governmentbolivariano governmentbolivariano governmentbegins to be developed “, bybegins to be developed “, bybegins to be developed “, bybegins to be developed “, bybegins to be developed “, bymeans of the subsidy ofmeans of the subsidy ofmeans of the subsidy ofmeans of the subsidy ofmeans of the subsidy ofspaces, rock concerts and,spaces, rock concerts and,spaces, rock concerts and,spaces, rock concerts and,spaces, rock concerts and,particularly, differentparticularly, differentparticularly, differentparticularly, differentparticularly, differentnuclei from the calls “circusnuclei from the calls “circusnuclei from the calls “circusnuclei from the calls “circusnuclei from the calls “circusarts”.arts”.arts”.arts”.arts”.

During these yearsDuring these yearsDuring these yearsDuring these yearsDuring these yearsconcerts are realised punksconcerts are realised punksconcerts are realised punksconcerts are realised punksconcerts are realised punkswith money of mayorships andwith money of mayorships andwith money of mayorships andwith money of mayorships andwith money of mayorships andgovernments, with logisticgovernments, with logisticgovernments, with logisticgovernments, with logisticgovernments, with logisticand security provided by theand security provided by theand security provided by theand security provided by theand security provided by thepolice organisms and whosepolice organisms and whosepolice organisms and whosepolice organisms and whosepolice organisms and whoseplatforms exhibit the elec-platforms exhibit the elec-platforms exhibit the elec-platforms exhibit the elec-platforms exhibit the elec-toral propagandistictoral propagandistictoral propagandistictoral propagandistictoral propagandisticunfolding of the movement ofunfolding of the movement ofunfolding of the movement ofunfolding of the movement ofunfolding of the movement ofpresident Chávez. Use ofpresident Chávez. Use ofpresident Chávez. Use ofpresident Chávez. Use ofpresident Chávez. Use ofresources state on the oneresources state on the oneresources state on the oneresources state on the oneresources state on the onehand of movement punk,hand of movement punk,hand of movement punk,hand of movement punk,hand of movement punk,consequently, historicallyconsequently, historicallyconsequently, historicallyconsequently, historicallyconsequently, historicallyweak scene independent,weak scene independent,weak scene independent,weak scene independent,weak scene independent,because before thebecause before thebecause before thebecause before thebecause before thepossibility of realisingpossibility of realisingpossibility of realisingpossibility of realisingpossibility of realisingevents with high resources,events with high resources,events with high resources,events with high resources,events with high resources,without having to strive inwithout having to strive inwithout having to strive inwithout having to strive inwithout having to strive inhis organization, it motivatedhis organization, it motivatedhis organization, it motivatedhis organization, it motivatedhis organization, it motivatedthe abandonment of the self-the abandonment of the self-the abandonment of the self-the abandonment of the self-the abandonment of the self-sustaining way that hadsustaining way that hadsustaining way that hadsustaining way that hadsustaining way that hadcharacterized, in hischaracterized, in hischaracterized, in hischaracterized, in hischaracterized, in hismajority, to the local punk.majority, to the local punk.majority, to the local punk.majority, to the local punk.majority, to the local punk.In this point it is necessaryIn this point it is necessaryIn this point it is necessaryIn this point it is necessaryIn this point it is necessaryto stand out, on the otherto stand out, on the otherto stand out, on the otherto stand out, on the otherto stand out, on the otherhand, the development of ahand, the development of ahand, the development of ahand, the development of ahand, the development of amovement skinhead moremovement skinhead moremovement skinhead moremovement skinhead moremovement skinhead morenationalist than antiracist,nationalist than antiracist,nationalist than antiracist,nationalist than antiracist,nationalist than antiracist,who settled down diversewho settled down diversewho settled down diversewho settled down diversewho settled down diverseconnections with theconnections with theconnections with theconnections with theconnections with thebolivariano process.bolivariano process.bolivariano process.bolivariano process.bolivariano process.pa

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Members of Members of Members of Members of Members of Rajatavla GroupRajatavla GroupRajatavla GroupRajatavla GroupRajatavla Group (1988) (1988) (1988) (1988) (1988)

it is a punk decidedlyit is a punk decidedlyit is a punk decidedlyit is a punk decidedlyit is a punk decidedlypoliticized, trying to developpoliticized, trying to developpoliticized, trying to developpoliticized, trying to developpoliticized, trying to developto own channels of expressionto own channels of expressionto own channels of expressionto own channels of expressionto own channels of expressionand diffusion. The capital seesand diffusion. The capital seesand diffusion. The capital seesand diffusion. The capital seesand diffusion. The capital seesdevelop three epicenters arounddevelop three epicenters arounddevelop three epicenters arounddevelop three epicenters arounddevelop three epicenters aroundwhich they orbit punks of thewhich they orbit punks of thewhich they orbit punks of thewhich they orbit punks of thewhich they orbit punks of thecity: the Ateneo of Caracas,city: the Ateneo of Caracas,city: the Ateneo of Caracas,city: the Ateneo of Caracas,city: the Ateneo of Caracas,soothes of the Rajatavla Groupsoothes of the Rajatavla Groupsoothes of the Rajatavla Groupsoothes of the Rajatavla Groupsoothes of the Rajatavla Groupthat counted on its own bandsthat counted on its own bandsthat counted on its own bandsthat counted on its own bandsthat counted on its own bands(Holocausto, 27-F, Devastación,(Holocausto, 27-F, Devastación,(Holocausto, 27-F, Devastación,(Holocausto, 27-F, Devastación,(Holocausto, 27-F, Devastación,Víctimas de la Democracia,Víctimas de la Democracia,Víctimas de la Democracia,Víctimas de la Democracia,Víctimas de la Democracia,Deskarriados, Odio Que?, Prime-Deskarriados, Odio Que?, Prime-Deskarriados, Odio Que?, Prime-Deskarriados, Odio Que?, Prime-Deskarriados, Odio Que?, Prime-ro Venezuela), fanzines (Cara-ro Venezuela), fanzines (Cara-ro Venezuela), fanzines (Cara-ro Venezuela), fanzines (Cara-ro Venezuela), fanzines (Cara-cas Resiste y Ataka)cas Resiste y Ataka)cas Resiste y Ataka)cas Resiste y Ataka)cas Resiste y Ataka) and aand aand aand aand apolitical speech that itpolitical speech that itpolitical speech that itpolitical speech that itpolitical speech that itvindicated, generally, thevindicated, generally, thevindicated, generally, thevindicated, generally, thevindicated, generally, thefights of national liberationfights of national liberationfights of national liberationfights of national liberationfights of national liberationand the parties of left of theand the parties of left of theand the parties of left of theand the parties of left of theand the parties of left of thecontinent, having likecontinent, having likecontinent, having likecontinent, having likecontinent, having likeequivalents political theequivalents political theequivalents political theequivalents political theequivalents political theparties communist and Liga So-parties communist and Liga So-parties communist and Liga So-parties communist and Liga So-parties communist and Liga So-

cialista (local Marxist-Maoistcialista (local Marxist-Maoistcialista (local Marxist-Maoistcialista (local Marxist-Maoistcialista (local Marxist-Maoistgroup) Secondly was the well-group) Secondly was the well-group) Secondly was the well-group) Secondly was the well-group) Secondly was the well-known group generically likeknown group generically likeknown group generically likeknown group generically likeknown group generically likeAltamira, because they wereAltamira, because they wereAltamira, because they wereAltamira, because they wereAltamira, because they wereconcentrated in this place ofconcentrated in this place ofconcentrated in this place ofconcentrated in this place ofconcentrated in this place ofthe city, that also owned itsthe city, that also owned itsthe city, that also owned itsthe city, that also owned itsthe city, that also owned itsown musical groupings andown musical groupings andown musical groupings andown musical groupings andown musical groupings andpublications, having a speechpublications, having a speechpublications, having a speechpublications, having a speechpublications, having a speechof mescolanza between the “Noof mescolanza between the “Noof mescolanza between the “Noof mescolanza between the “Noof mescolanza between the “NoFuture” nihilism and theFuture” nihilism and theFuture” nihilism and theFuture” nihilism and theFuture” nihilism and thepseudoanarchism. In last termpseudoanarchism. In last termpseudoanarchism. In last termpseudoanarchism. In last termpseudoanarchism. In last termthey were punks of the Cen-they were punks of the Cen-they were punks of the Cen-they were punks of the Cen-they were punks of the Cen-tral University of Venezuela,tral University of Venezuela,tral University of Venezuela,tral University of Venezuela,tral University of Venezuela,sometimes denominated likesometimes denominated likesometimes denominated likesometimes denominated likesometimes denominated like“ácratas” with their own bands“ácratas” with their own bands“ácratas” with their own bands“ácratas” with their own bands“ácratas” with their own bands(Autogestión, Octavo Pasajero,(Autogestión, Octavo Pasajero,(Autogestión, Octavo Pasajero,(Autogestión, Octavo Pasajero,(Autogestión, Octavo Pasajero,Allanamiento Moral) andAllanamiento Moral) andAllanamiento Moral) andAllanamiento Moral) andAllanamiento Moral) andmagazines (Combate, La Gazeta)magazines (Combate, La Gazeta)magazines (Combate, La Gazeta)magazines (Combate, La Gazeta)magazines (Combate, La Gazeta)and a political speech moreand a political speech moreand a political speech moreand a political speech moreand a political speech moreacademicista and anarchist.academicista and anarchist.academicista and anarchist.academicista and anarchist.academicista and anarchist.Although all shared theAlthough all shared theAlthough all shared theAlthough all shared theAlthough all shared theattitude and philosophy “Doattitude and philosophy “Doattitude and philosophy “Doattitude and philosophy “Doattitude and philosophy “Doit yourself” between theseit yourself” between theseit yourself” between theseit yourself” between theseit yourself” between thesethree slopes the relationsthree slopes the relationsthree slopes the relationsthree slopes the relationsthree slopes the relationswere not warm, arriving thewere not warm, arriving thewere not warm, arriving thewere not warm, arriving thewere not warm, arriving theconfrontations at theconfrontations at theconfrontations at theconfrontations at theconfrontations at thephysical aggressions andphysical aggressions andphysical aggressions andphysical aggressions andphysical aggressions andfights from gangs, especiallyfights from gangs, especiallyfights from gangs, especiallyfights from gangs, especiallyfights from gangs, especiallybetween the two first, whosebetween the two first, whosebetween the two first, whosebetween the two first, whosebetween the two first, whoseskirmishes would give mate-skirmishes would give mate-skirmishes would give mate-skirmishes would give mate-skirmishes would give mate-rial for a substantialrial for a substantialrial for a substantialrial for a substantialrial for a substantialdramatic narration. Thisdramatic narration. Thisdramatic narration. Thisdramatic narration. Thisdramatic narration. Thissecond stage punk, politicizedsecond stage punk, politicizedsecond stage punk, politicizedsecond stage punk, politicizedsecond stage punk, politicizedas much as a country mobilizedas much as a country mobilizedas much as a country mobilizedas much as a country mobilizedas much as a country mobilizedin rejection of thein rejection of thein rejection of thein rejection of thein rejection of theapplication of the callapplication of the callapplication of the callapplication of the callapplication of the call“economic package” and the“economic package” and the“economic package” and the“economic package” and the“economic package” and thedispleasure towards Carlosdispleasure towards Carlosdispleasure towards Carlosdispleasure towards Carlosdispleasure towards CarlosAndres Perez President,Andres Perez President,Andres Perez President,Andres Perez President,Andres Perez President,extends until 1994 or 1995.extends until 1994 or 1995.extends until 1994 or 1995.extends until 1994 or 1995.extends until 1994 or 1995.

The third generation ofThe third generation ofThe third generation ofThe third generation ofThe third generation of

punks Venezuelan, initiate inpunks Venezuelan, initiate inpunks Venezuelan, initiate inpunks Venezuelan, initiate inpunks Venezuelan, initiate in1995, is decidedly anarchist.1995, is decidedly anarchist.1995, is decidedly anarchist.1995, is decidedly anarchist.1995, is decidedly anarchist.Época de Recluta, Crisis Polí-Época de Recluta, Crisis Polí-Época de Recluta, Crisis Polí-Época de Recluta, Crisis Polí-Época de Recluta, Crisis Polí-tica y Los Residuos, they aretica y Los Residuos, they aretica y Los Residuos, they aretica y Los Residuos, they aretica y Los Residuos, they arethe bands that do ofthe bands that do ofthe bands that do ofthe bands that do ofthe bands that do oftransition between both stage,transition between both stage,transition between both stage,transition between both stage,transition between both stage,open the phantom for the restopen the phantom for the restopen the phantom for the restopen the phantom for the restopen the phantom for the restthat would be developed untilthat would be developed untilthat would be developed untilthat would be developed untilthat would be developed untilthe end of the decade, whenthe end of the decade, whenthe end of the decade, whenthe end of the decade, whenthe end of the decade, whenthe musical groupings ofthe musical groupings ofthe musical groupings ofthe musical groupings ofthe musical groupings ofanarchist punk take his firstanarchist punk take his firstanarchist punk take his firstanarchist punk take his firstanarchist punk take his firststeps that more would be knownsteps that more would be knownsteps that more would be knownsteps that more would be knownsteps that more would be knowninside and abroad. Apatía No,inside and abroad. Apatía No,inside and abroad. Apatía No,inside and abroad. Apatía No,inside and abroad. Apatía No,Doña Maldad and Los Dólares.Doña Maldad and Los Dólares.Doña Maldad and Los Dólares.Doña Maldad and Los Dólares.Doña Maldad and Los Dólares.The bands accompany andThe bands accompany andThe bands accompany andThe bands accompany andThe bands accompany andparticipate in the edition ofparticipate in the edition ofparticipate in the edition ofparticipate in the edition ofparticipate in the edition ofthe newspaper the Libertario,the newspaper the Libertario,the newspaper the Libertario,the newspaper the Libertario,the newspaper the Libertario,doing material concerts anddoing material concerts anddoing material concerts anddoing material concerts anddoing material concerts anddiscs to benefit anddiscs to benefit anddiscs to benefit anddiscs to benefit anddiscs to benefit anddistributing in the events. Itdistributing in the events. Itdistributing in the events. Itdistributing in the events. Itdistributing in the events. Itis in these years in whichis in these years in whichis in these years in whichis in these years in whichis in these years in whichthese bands begin tothese bands begin tothese bands begin tothese bands begin tothese bands begin todenominate themselvesdenominate themselvesdenominate themselvesdenominate themselvesdenominate themselvesspecifically likespecifically likespecifically likespecifically likespecifically like“anarchopunks” and in which“anarchopunks” and in which“anarchopunks” and in which“anarchopunks” and in which“anarchopunks” and in whichthe different expressionsthe different expressionsthe different expressionsthe different expressionsthe different expressionseven initiate a smalleven initiate a smalleven initiate a smalleven initiate a smalleven initiate a smallalternative circuit in severalalternative circuit in severalalternative circuit in severalalternative circuit in severalalternative circuit in severalcities of the country,cities of the country,cities of the country,cities of the country,cities of the country,receiving the visit of foreignreceiving the visit of foreignreceiving the visit of foreignreceiving the visit of foreignreceiving the visit of foreignbands like Garrote Vil (Islasbands like Garrote Vil (Islasbands like Garrote Vil (Islasbands like Garrote Vil (Islasbands like Garrote Vil (IslasCanarias), Argies (Argentina),Canarias), Argies (Argentina),Canarias), Argies (Argentina),Canarias), Argies (Argentina),Canarias), Argies (Argentina),Desarme (Colombia) and CojobaDesarme (Colombia) and CojobaDesarme (Colombia) and CojobaDesarme (Colombia) and CojobaDesarme (Colombia) and Cojoba(Puerto Rico) and initiating(Puerto Rico) and initiating(Puerto Rico) and initiating(Puerto Rico) and initiating(Puerto Rico) and initiatingfor the local bands his firstfor the local bands his firstfor the local bands his firstfor the local bands his firstfor the local bands his firsttours beyond the borders. Theytours beyond the borders. Theytours beyond the borders. Theytours beyond the borders. Theytours beyond the borders. Theyare the times in which theare the times in which theare the times in which theare the times in which theare the times in which theactivism from the punk triesactivism from the punk triesactivism from the punk triesactivism from the punk triesactivism from the punk triesto extend socially, organizingto extend socially, organizingto extend socially, organizingto extend socially, organizingto extend socially, organizingevents like the Libertariaevents like the Libertariaevents like the Libertariaevents like the Libertariaevents like the LibertariaCulture Fair and later theCulture Fair and later theCulture Fair and later theCulture Fair and later theCulture Fair and later theAnarchopunk Fair.Anarchopunk Fair.Anarchopunk Fair.Anarchopunk Fair.Anarchopunk Fair.

At the beginning of the Ve-At the beginning of the Ve-At the beginning of the Ve-At the beginning of the Ve-At the beginning of the Ve-nezuela year 2000 it undergoesnezuela year 2000 it undergoesnezuela year 2000 it undergoesnezuela year 2000 it undergoesnezuela year 2000 it undergoesthe commercial height of thethe commercial height of thethe commercial height of thethe commercial height of thethe commercial height of thepunk promoted by the screenspunk promoted by the screenspunk promoted by the screenspunk promoted by the screenspunk promoted by the screensof MTV, and so one fourthof MTV, and so one fourthof MTV, and so one fourthof MTV, and so one fourthof MTV, and so one fourthgeneration of punks beginsgeneration of punks beginsgeneration of punks beginsgeneration of punks beginsgeneration of punks beginsVenezuelan, developing toVenezuelan, developing toVenezuelan, developing toVenezuelan, developing toVenezuelan, developing todifferent styles and proposals,different styles and proposals,different styles and proposals,different styles and proposals,different styles and proposals,retaking the fashion attituderetaking the fashion attituderetaking the fashion attituderetaking the fashion attituderetaking the fashion attitudeand carefree from the punk ofand carefree from the punk ofand carefree from the punk ofand carefree from the punk ofand carefree from the punk ofthe first generation. Thus, thethe first generation. Thus, thethe first generation. Thus, thethe first generation. Thus, thethe first generation. Thus, thetendencies were three: thetendencies were three: thetendencies were three: thetendencies were three: thetendencies were three: theneopunk on the one hand, whoneopunk on the one hand, whoneopunk on the one hand, whoneopunk on the one hand, whoneopunk on the one hand, whotouched in the premisestouched in the premisestouched in the premisestouched in the premisestouched in the premisesnocturnes and wished to be fi-nocturnes and wished to be fi-nocturnes and wished to be fi-nocturnes and wished to be fi-nocturnes and wished to be fi-chado by record seals, the punkchado by record seals, the punkchado by record seals, the punkchado by record seals, the punkchado by record seals, the punkthat vindicated the call “oldthat vindicated the call “oldthat vindicated the call “oldthat vindicated the call “oldthat vindicated the call “oldschool” and the attitude of 80sschool” and the attitude of 80sschool” and the attitude of 80sschool” and the attitude of 80sschool” and the attitude of 80sand 90s and, at last,and 90s and, at last,and 90s and, at last,and 90s and, at last,and 90s and, at last,anarchopunk with Apatía No,anarchopunk with Apatía No,anarchopunk with Apatía No,anarchopunk with Apatía No,anarchopunk with Apatía No,Doña Maldad and Los Dólares,Doña Maldad and Los Dólares,Doña Maldad and Los Dólares,Doña Maldad and Los Dólares,Doña Maldad and Los Dólares,publish first viniles ofpublish first viniles ofpublish first viniles ofpublish first viniles ofpublish first viniles ofVenezuelan punk, and generally,Venezuelan punk, and generally,Venezuelan punk, and generally,Venezuelan punk, and generally,Venezuelan punk, and generally,pa

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