204

zigmund froidi1856 - 1939

avstrieli nevrologi, fsiqoanalitikuri skolis

damfuZnebeli. froidma cxovrebis didi nawili venaSi

gaatara, amitom misi saxeli mWirdodaa dakavSirebuli

am qalaqTan. cxovrebis bolos, nacistebisagan devnils,

londonSi mouxda gadasaxleba, sadac gardaicvala 1939

wels.

froidis fsiqoanalitikuri koncefcia or ZiriTad

princips efuZneba:

1. fsiqikur movlenebs aqvT sazrisi. isini ar xdeba SemTxveviT, meqaniku­

rad _ Tu SecdomiT vambob saxels, arasworad vwer sityvas, vxedav absurdul

sizmars, saxlSi mrCeba gasaRebi _ yovelive amas aqvs sazrisi, romlis axsnac

SeiZ leba;

2. Cveni fsiqikuri cxovrebis udidesi nawili mimdinareobs aracnobierad;

Zalian xSirad ar viciT, ra gvamoZravebs, ratom ganvicdiT ama Tu im emocias,

ratom vmoqmedebT ase da ara – sxvagvarad. imitom, rom cnobiereba Cveni fsiqi­

kis mxolod mcire nawilia. Cvens fsiqikur cxovrebaSi ganmsazRvrel rols

aracnobieri asrulebs. rogorc froidi ajamebs, ̀ Cven ar varT baton­patrone­

bi sakuTar saxlSi~.

fsiqoanalitikuri Teoriis es ori principi, iseve rogorc analizis sxva­

dasxva teqnika, romelTa saSualebiTac aracnobieris aRmoCena SegviZlia,

froid ma gadmosca SromebSi: `sizmrebis interpretacia~ (1900), romelSic

sizmari ganxilulia rogorc `samefo gza aracnobierisaken~; `yo veldRiuri

cxovrebis fsiqopaTologia~ (1901) – avtori asabuTebs, rom Cveni yoveldRiu­

ri cxovreba yovel fexis nabijze avlens aracnobier motivaciaTa kvals; `sami

esse seqsualobis Teoriis Sesaxeb~ (1905) _ aq froidi gadmoscems seqsualobis

Sesaxeb sakuTar Teorias, romlis centrSic dgas oidiposis kompleqsi – ero­

tikul­agresiul ltolvaTa erToblioba, romelsac bavSvi ganicdis sakuTari

mSoblebis mimarT.

froidis didi mniSvneloba azrovnebis istoriaSi dakavSirebulia agreTve

mis mier normasa da normidan gadaxras Soris kavSiris axleburad gaazrebas­

Tan. Tu froidamde aranormaluri qceva ganixileboda movlenad, romelsac

araferi hqonda saerTo normasTan, misi damsaxurebaa im kanonzomierebaTa Zie­

avtoris Sesaxeb

205

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

ba, romlebic safuZvlad udevs rogorc normalur, ise aranormalur fsiqikur

procesebs. amiT mkvlevarma dasabami misca fsiqikuri daavadebebis, sazrisis

mqone fenomenebad ganxilvas.

20­ian wlebSi froidma fsiqikis axali sqema SeimuSava, romelic samnawilia­

nia: igi (germ. Es, ing. Id), me (germ. Ich, ing., Ego) da ze-me (germ. Über­Ich, ing.,

Super-ego). es sqema adamianis fsiqikis warmodgenis kidev erTi mcdelobaa, is

avsebs ufro adrindel, aseve samnawilian sqemas, romelic cnobierisagan, win­

arecnobierisagan da aracnobierisgan Sedgeboda.

froidi Seecada, sakuTari fsiqoanalitikuri Teoria gamoeyenebina kul­

turisa da sazogadoebis zogadi Teoriis asagebad. amas miuZRvna Semdegi

Sro mebi: `totemi da tabu~(1913), `erTi iluziis momavali~ (1927), `kulturiT

daukmayofilebloba~ (1929) da sxv., romlebSic mocemulia socialuri insti­

tutebis genezisis axsnis mcdeloba.

froidis koncefciam uzarmazari gavlena moaxdina ara mxolod XX sauku­

nis fsiqologiasa da, zogadad, Teoriul azrovnebaze, aramed xelovnebisa da

kulturis ganviTarebazec. froidis Teoriisagan davalebul TeoretikosTa

da SemoqmedTa siaSi arian: karl­gustav iungi, herbert markuze, klod levi­

strosi, salvador dali, jeimz joisi, Tomas mani, d. h. lourensi, alfred hiC­

koki, vudi aleni da mravali sxva.

* * *

avtoris Sesaxeb

206

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis

fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

Tavi pirveli

sakuTar arsebiT saxelTa daviwyeba

`fsiqiatriisa da nevrologiis yovelTviuri Jurnalis~ 1898 w. gamocemaSi ga mo­

vaqveyne patara statia saTauriT `gulmaviwyobis fsiqikuri meqanizmisaTvis~, romlis

Sinaarss aqac gavimeoreb da Semdgomi msjelobisas masve daveyrdnobi. iq me fsiqolo­

giurad gavanaalize sakuTari arsebiTi saxelebis droebiTi daviwyebis xSiri SemTxve­

va, viSveliebdi ra Cemi TviTdakvirvebidan aRebul zedgamoWril magaliTs. davaskveni,

rom erTerTi fsiqikuri funqciis _ gaxsenebis moSlis es Cveulebrivi da praqtikulad

arc Tu ise Zalian mniSvnelovani erTeuli SemTxveva axsna­ganmartebis SesaZleblobas

iZleva, romelic fenomenis Cveulebrivi amokiTxva­amoSifvris farglebs scildeba

Tu Zalian ar meSleba albaT fsiqologisaTvis rom axsna gekiTxaT, ratom xdeba, rom

viRac ase xSirad ver ixsenebs misTvis nacnob saxelso, igi dakmayofildeboda pasuxiT,

rom sakuTari saxelebis daviwyeba ufro iolad xdeba, vidre sxvagvarad damaxsovre­

buli Sinaarsisa. igi damajereblad daasabuTebda sakuTari saxelebis amgvar gamor­

Ceulobas, Tumca procesis sxvagvar pirobiTobas ver ivaraudebda.

CemTvis saxelebis droebiTi daviwyebis fenomenis safuZvliani Seswavlis sababi

gaxda konkretul detalebze dakvirveba, Tumca isini yvelaSi ara, magram calkeul

SemTxvevebSi sakmaod naTlad Cans. amgvar SemTxvevebSi xdeba ara marto daviwyeba,

aramed araswori gaxseneba. daviwyebuli saxelis magier adamianis cnobierebaSi Cae­

nacvleba surogati saxelebi (Ersatzname), romlebic maSinve aRiqmeba rogorc aras­

wori, Tumca isev da isev xdeba maTi akviateba. saWiro saxelis reproduqciis magier

saqme gvaqvs procesis arevasTan da xdeba araswori Canacvleba. Cemi varaudiT es areva

fsiqikuri TviTnebobiT ki ar xdeba, aramed kanonzomieri da gamoTvladi gziT mimdina­

reobs. sxvagvarad rom vTqva, me vvaraudob, rom erTi an ramdenime saTadarigo suro­

gati sityva saWiro sityvasTan aSkara kavSirSia, romlis kvalis migneba SesaZlebelia,

207

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

da vimedovneb, Tu movaxerxeb, es kavSiri davadasturo da naTeli movfino saxelebis

daviwyebis process.

1898 wels Cems mier gasaanalizeblad SerCeul magaliTSi, orvietos taZris dide­

buli freskebis _ `jojoxeTi da mkacri samsjavro~­s Semqmneli ostatis saxeli, vera

da ver movigone. sasurveli gvaris sanacvlod _ sinioreli (Signorelli) amekviata ori

sxva mxatvris gvari _ botiCeli da boltrafio, romlebic maSinve da garkveviT uar­

yavi, radgan vicodi, rom araswori iyo. roca sxvisgan movismine swori gvari, maSinve da

yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe gamaxsenda igi. imis gamokvlevam, Tu ram iqonia gavlena da

ra asociaciuri gzebiT moxda reproduqciis amgvari areva _ sinioreli botiCeliTa

da boltrafioTi, migviyvana Semdeg Sedegebamde:

a) siniorelis gvaris daviwyebis mizezi arc Tavad am gvaris gansakuTrebulobaSi

da arc im konteqstis fsiqologiur xasiaTSia saZiebeli, romelSic igi iyo CarTuli.

daviwyebuli gvari CemTvis iseve nacnobi iyo, rogorc erTerTi Canacvlebuli gvari

_ botiCeli da gacilebiT ufro metad nacnobi, vidre meore Canacvlebuli gvari _

boltrafio, romlis Sesaxeb mxolod imis Tqma SegviZlia, rom igi milanis skolis war­

momadgeneli iyo. is konteqsti ki, ramac ganapiroba gvaris daviwyeba, umniSvnelod

meCveneba da Semdgom axsna­ganmartebas ver iZleva: ucxo adamianTan erTad erT va­

gonSi movxvdi. dalmaTiaSi yofnisas raguzadan movemgzavrebodi hercogovinas erT­

erTi sadgurisaken saubarSi vaxseneT italiaSi mogzauroba. Cems Tanamgzavrs vkiTxe,

iyo Tu ara namyofi orvietoSi da unaxavs Tu ara iq imisi . . . cnobili freskebi.

b) gvaris daviwyeba mxolod maSin xdeba gasagebi, roca maxsendeba im saubris winm­

swrebi Tema da aRiqmeba rogorc axlad aRmocenebuli, wamoWrili Temis Seferxeba

winmswrebi TemiT.

sanam Cems Tanamgzavrs vkiTxavdi, iyo Tu ara namyofi orvietoSi, cota xniT adre

Cven vsaubrobdiT bosniasa da hercogovinaSi mcxovrebi Turqebis zne­Cveulebebs. me

mas manamde vuambe, rac mosmenili mqonda TurqebTan momuSave erT­erTi kolegisgan,

rogori pativiscemiT da ndobiT epyrobian isini eqims da mTlianad emorCilebian beds.

roca isini igeben rom avadmyofis saSveli ar aris, ase pasuxoben: `batono (Herr) raRa

gveTqmis? vici gadasarCeni rom iyos Sen mas gadaarCendi!~ _ aqve am winadadebebSi

vpoulobT sityvebsa da saxelebs: bosnia, hercegovina, RmerTi romlebic sinioreli

da botiCeli _ boltrafio asociaciur jaWvSi xvdeba.

g) vvaraudob, rom Cemma azrma bosnieli Turqebis zne­Cveulebebze imitom SEeZlo

winamorbed fiqrTa msvlelobis Seferxeba, rom me manamde gadavitane misgan yuradRe­

ba, sanam bolomde davasrulebdi azrs. saxeldobr maxsendeba, rom vapirebdi meore am­

bis moyolas, romelic pirvelTan erTad iqve amomitivtivda mexsierebaSi. es Turqebi

yvelaze metad afaseben seqsualur gancxromas da sqesobrivi darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi

208

zigmund froidi

sasowarkveTilebaSi vardebian, rac gasaocrad upirispirdeba sikvdilis saSiSroebi­

sadmi gulgrilobas. erTerT pacients Cemi kolegisTvis uTqvams: `Sen xom ici, batono

(Heer), Tu es saqme awi veRar gamomiva, maSin sicocxles fasi aRar aqvs~ maTTvis damaxa­

siaTebel Tvisebaze laparaki Sewyvite, radgan ar mindoda ucxo adamianTan am Temaze

mesaubra. Tumca ufro meti momivida; Cemi yuradReba `sikvdilisa da seq­sualobis~

Temidan sxvaze gadavitane. ramdenime kviriT adre, trafoiSi Cemi xanmokle vizitisas,

erTi ambavi Sevityve, romelmac Cemze imoqmeda. pacientma, romelsac me didi jafa da

energia Sevalie, ganukurnebeli seqsualuri darRvevis gamo Tavi moikla. namdvilad

vici, rom hercogovinaSi im mogzaurobisas es samwuxaro ambavi da yvelaferi, rac amas­

Tan iyo dakavSirebuli Segnebulad ar gamxsenebia. magram trafoisa da boltrafios

erTmaneTTan dakavSireba mafiqrebinebs, rom maSin am reminiscenciam Cemze imoqmeda,

miuxedavad imisa, rom am faqtze ganzrax movadune yuradReba.

d) siniorelis gvaris daviwyebas awi rogorc SemTxveviT movlenas veRar gan­

vixilav. unda vaRiaro am procesSi motivis gavlena. arsebobda motivebi, romlebic

maiZulebdnen fiqrebi (Turqebis zne­Cveulebebze da a.S.) ar gadmomeca da SemdegSic

masTan dakavSirebuli azrebi, romelsac SeiZleboda trafois ambamde miveyvane, CemSi

gacnobierebamde gamomericxa. e.i. me mindoda raRacis daviwyeba, raRac ganvdevne. yovel

SemTxvevaSi sxva ramis daviwyeba mindoda, vidre orvietos ostatis gvaris, magram am

sxvam gamoiwvia imis saxelTan asociaciuri kavSiri, ase rom Cemi survilis gamoxatvis

aqti mizans ascda da me survilis sawinaaRmdegod erTi rame damaviwyda, maSin roca

meores daviwyeba ganzrax mindoda. mogonebisadmi arasasurveli damokidebuleba

mimarTul iqna erTi Sinaarsis winaaRmdeg; gaxsenebis uunarobam gadmoinacvla win.

albaT ufro martivi SemTxveva iqneboda gaxsenebisadmi arasasurveli damokidebuleba

(antipaTia) da uunaroba erTi da igive Sinaars rom Seexeboda. _ surogati saxeebi axla

ukve aRar meCveneba absoluturad gaumarTleblad, rogorc es iyo axsna­ganmartebamde;

isini aseve mimaniSneben (kompromisis saxiT) imaze, Tu risi daviwyeba da risi gaxseneba

mindoda da aRmoCnda, rom Cemi ganzraxva, raRac dameviwyebina, arc mTlad gamomivida

da arc Tu mTlad CamefuSa.

e) Zalze TvalSisacemia kavSiri, romelic damyarda sasurvel saxelsa da gandevnil

(sikvdilisa da seqsualobis da a.S.) Temas Soris, sadac saxelebi bosnia, hercogovina,

trafoi gvxvdeba. 1898 wlis statiidan gadmotanili sqema TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs am

kavSirs.

209

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

Signor elli Bo tticelli Bo i traffio

Her zegowina Bo snien

Her was ist da zu sagen etc.(batono, razea laparaki . . .)

(sikvdili da seqsualoba)

(gandevnili azrebi)

Trafoi

siniorelis gvari amasTan or nawilad gaiyo. marcvalTa erTi wyvili ucvlelad

ganmeorda Canacvlebul surogat gvarSi (elli), meore wyvilma Targmnis meSveobiT Signor – Herr SeiZina mravaljeradi da sxvadasxvagvari mimarTeba gandevnil TemaSi moxse­

niebul saxelebTan, swored amis gamo aRar moxda misi reproduqcia. misi Canacvleba

ise moxda `hercegovinasa da bosniis~ saxeTa kavSiris msgavsad, rom ar momxdara azrisa

da marcvalTa akustikuri gamijvna. am procesSi saxelebis iseTi gamoyeneba moxda, ro­

gorc rebusis asoebisa, siniorelis gvaris magier amgvari gziT surogati saxelebis

Seqmnis mTeli am procesis Sesaxeb cnobierebas informacia ar miuRia.

Tavdapirvelad Zneli misagnebia kavSiri siniorelis gvarTan dakavSirebul Temasa

da mis winmswreb gandevnil Temas Soris, rac msgavsi marcvlebis xelaxal dabrunebas

scildeba. zedmeti ar iqneboda imis aRniSvna, rom fsiqologebis mier navaraudebi

reproduqciisa da daviwyebis pirobebi, romelTa moZieba xdeba garkveul urTierT­

kavSirsa da ganwyobilebaSi, zemoTaRniSnuli ganmartebis gamo winaaRmdegobas ar aw­

ydeba. garkveuli SemTxvevebisaTvis Cven, yvela am karga xnis win aRiarebul momentebs,

rasac SeuZlia saxelis daviwyebaze imoqmedos, kidev erTi motivi davamateT da amasTan

araswori gaxsenebis meqanizmi avxseniT. is d i s p o z i c i e b i (midrekilebebi) aucile­

belia Cveni SemTxvevisTvisac, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes, rom gandevnilma (Seviwroe­

bulma) elementma asociaciurad imZlavros sasurvel saxelze da Seaviwrovos igi.

ufro xelsayreli reproduqciis pirobebis mqone sxva danarCen saxelTan es albaT ar

moxdeboda. cxadia, rom daTrgunuli elementi mudam cdilobs sadme sxvagan Tavi iCi­

nos, am warmatebas ki mxolod iq miaRwevs, sadac mas Sesaferisi pirobebi daxvdeba. sxva

210

zigmund froidi

SemTxvevebSi Seviwroeba xdeba funqciis moSlis gareSe, anda marTebulad rom vTqvaT

simptomebis gareSe.

daviwyebuli saxelis araswori gaxsenebis pirobebi daskvnis saxiT Semdegnairad

SeiZleba CamovayaliboT: 1) misi daviwyebisadmi garkveuli d i s p o z i c i a ; 2) cota

xniT adre winmswrebi d a T r g u n v i s (Verdrangung) procesi; 3) konkretul saxelsa da

manamde daTrgunul elements Soris garegnuli asociaciis aRdgenis SesaZlebloba. es

ukanaskneli piroba albaT Zlier gadaWarbebulad ar unda SevafasoT, radgan asocia­

ciaze odnavi pretenziebis wayenebisas msgavsi asociaciis ganxorcieleba umravles

SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli unda iyos.

sxva da ufro Rrmad mimavali sakiTxia, is rom SeiZleba Tu ara amgvari garegnuli

asociacia namdvilad sakmarisi piroba iyos imisTvis, rom Seviwroebuli elementi sa­

surveli saxelis reproduqcias uSlides xels. xom ar xdeba orive aucilebeli Temis

ufro axlo kavSiris arseboba. zerele dakvirvebisas am ukanaskneli moTxovnis uaryo­

fis survili gaCndeboda da savsebiT Seusabamo Sinaarsis SemTxvevaSi droiTi momij­

naoba SeiZleboda sakmarisadac ki yofiliyo miCneuli. safuZvliani Seswavlisas sul

ufro xSirad vawydebiT, rom garegnuli asociaciiT dakavSirebul orive elements

(daTrgunuls da axals) garda amisa Sinaarsobrivi kavSiric gaaCnia da siniorelis maga­

liTic amas amtkicebs.

siniorelis magaliTis analiziT miRebuli Sedegis mniSvneloba rasakvirvelia

damokidebulia imaze, miviCnevT Tu ara am SemTxvevas tipur Tu calkeul movlenad. me

amiT vamtkiceb, rom saxelebis daviwyeba araswori gaxsenebiT saocrad xSirad xdeba ise,

rogorc es Cven siniorelis SemTxvevaSi avxseniT. radgan me am fenomens sakuTar Tavze

vakvirdebodi, TiTqmis yovelTvis SemeZlo zemoT dasaxelebuli wesiT amexsna igi, ro­

gorc SeviwroebiT motivirebuli. garda amisa Cveni analizis tipuri bunebis sasarge­

blod kidev sxva Sexedulebac unda moviSvelio. Cemi azriT samarTliani ar iqneboda

araswori gaxsenebiT saxeebis daviwyebis SemTxvevebis principuli gamijvna imaTgan,

roca araswori saTadarigo saxelebi ar Caenacvleba. es saTadarigo saxelebi mTel rig

SemTxvevebSi spontanurad Cndebian; sxva SemTxvevebSi, roca isini spontanurad ar amo­

tivtivdebian SesaZlebelia maTi amotivtiveba yuradRebis daZabvis wyalobiT da isini

konkretul kavSirs avlenen gaZevebul elementTan da saZiebel saxelTan, TiTqos isi­

ni spontanurad iyon aRmocenebuli. saTadarigo saxelis gacnobierebi saTvis rogorc

Cans, ori momenti aris gadamwyveti: erTis mxriv _ yuradRebis daZabva, meores mxriv _

Sina gani piroba, romelic fsiqikur masalasTan aris mibmuli, me SemeZ lo es ukanaskne­

li ase Tu ise, meti Tu naklebi siadviliT momeZiebia, riTac am orive elements So­

ris saWiro garegnuli asociacia warmoiqmneboda. araswori gaxsenebiT saxelebis da­

viwyebis SemTxvevebis mniSvnelovani nawili ukavSirdeba saTadarigo saxel warmoebis

211

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

SemTxvevebs, risTvisac swored `siniorelis~ magaliTis meqanizmi moqmedebs. Tumca me

Tavs uflebas ver mivcem vamtkico, rom saxelebis daviwyebis yvela SemTxveva saxel­

dobr am jgufSi unda SevitanoT. udavod arsebobs saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevebi,

romlebic gacilebiT ufro martivad xdeba. Cven saqmis mTel arss sakmao sifrTxiliT

warmovaCenT, roca vambobT: sakuTari arsebiTi saxelebis ubralo daviwyebis gverdiT

arsebobs kidev erTi daviwyeba, romelic gandevniT aris motivirebuli.

Tavi meore

ucxo sityvebis daviwyeba

Cveni mSobliuri enis yoveldRiuri leqsikuri maragi, rogorc Cans, normaluri

funqciis farglebSi, dazRveulia daviwyebisagan. ucxo enis sityvaTa maragTan ki Cveu­

lebriv sxvagvarad aris saqme. misi daviwyebisadmi winaswari dispozicia aSkaraa yvela

metyvelebis nawilebTan mimarTebaSi, da funqciis darRvevis pirveli maCvenebeli Tavs

iCens Cvens gankargulebaSi myofi ucxo enis sityvaTa maragis araTanabarzomierebaSi,

Cvens saerTo mdgomareobasa da gadaRlis xarisxSi. es gulmaviwyoba vlindeba SemTx­

vevaTa erT wyebaSi imave meqanizmiT, romelic `siniorelis~ magaliTma TvalnaTliv

dagvanaxa. amis dasturad moviSvelieb erTaderT, Tumca mniSvnelovani Taviseburebe­

biT gamorCeul analizs, romelic exeba erTi laTinuri citatis ara arsebiTi saxelis

daviwyebis SemTxvevas. neba momeciT, es patara SemTxveva warmovaCino srulad da Tval­

saCinod.

gasul zafxuls vimyofebodi saSvebulebo mogzaurobaSi da nacnoboba ganvaaxle

akademiuri ganaTlebis mqone erT mamakacTan. maSinve mivxvdi, rom wakiTxuli hqonda

Cemi zogierTi fsiqologiuri statia. rogorRac saubari Seexo Cveni saerTo modgmis

socialur mdgomareobas. am pativmoyvare kacma sinanuli gamoTqva imis gamo, rom misi

Taoba dakninebisken mieqaneba, sakuTar niWs ar anviTareben da TavianT moTxovnile­

bas ver ikmayofilebeno. man Tavisi mgznebare sityva daasrula vergiliusis cnobili

leqsiT, romelSic sabralo didos eneasisadmi mimarTuli SurisZieba mis STamomav­

lobaze gadaaqvs: Exoriare..., ufro sworad, mas surda es ase daesrulebina, Tumca citata

ver gaixsena da cdilobda daviwyebiT gamowveuli aSkara Cavardna sityvebis gadaadgi­

lebiT daefara: Exoriar(e) ex nostris ossibus ultor! bolos gabrazebulma Tqva: `nu gaqvT

aseTi damcinavi saxe, TiTqos Cemi dabneulobdiT xarobdeT, umjobesia SemomeSveleT.

leqss raRac aklia. rogor aris sinamdvileSi?~

212

zigmund froidi

siamovnebiT, mivuge me da citata sworad warmovTqvi:

Exoriar(e) a liquis nostris ossibus ultor!`ra sisulelea amgvari sityvis daviwyeba! sxvaTaSoris, Tqvengan gamigia, rom

usafuZvlod arafris daviwyeba ar xdeba. Zalian mainteresebs gavigo, ratom damaviwda

es ganusazRvreli nacvalsaxeli aliquis~.

me es gamowveva siamovnebiT miviRe, radgan Cemi koleqciis gamdidrebis imedi mqon­

da. me mas vuTxari: axlave gavarkvevT. erTi ram minda gTxovoT mxolod, yvelaferi

gulwrfelad da kritikis gareSe miTxraT, ra gaxsendebaT, roca Tqven yovelgvari gan­

zraxvis gareSe mTeli yuradReba daviwyebul sityvaze gadagaqvT1.

`maS kargi, am dros sasacilo azri mebadeba, es sityva Semdegnairad davyo: a da liquis~. ras niSnavs es? _ `ar vici~. _ mere kidev ra azri gebadebaT? _ `es amgvarad

grZeldeba: Reliquien – Liquidation – Flüssigkeit (siTxe) – Fluid (Txieri saSualeba). axla

xvdebiT?~

vera, jer vera, ganagrZeT.

`maxsendeba, ganagrZo man dacinviT, trentoeli simoni, romlis reliqviebi tren­

tos erT­erT eklesiaSi vnaxe ori wlis win. vfiqrob sisxlian braldebaze, rasac

swored axla isev ebraelebs uyeneben, klainpaulis (Kleinpaul) naSromze, romelic

yvela am moCvenebiT msxverplebSi inkarnaciebs, ase vTqvaT, mxsnelis axal variants

xedavs~.

es uecari azri garkveul kavSirSia TemasTan, romelzec vsaubrobdiT, vidre Tqven

is laTinuri sityva amogivardebodaT mexsierebidan.

`sworia. garda amisa, magondeba erTerT italiur JurnalSi axlaxan wakiTxuli

statia. me mgoni aseTi saTauri hqonda: ras ambobs wm. augustinusi qalebis Sesaxeb.

amas ra axsnas mouZebniT?~

velodebi.

`maSasadame, axla iqneba is, rac aSkarad aranair kavSirSi ar aris Cvens TemasTan~.

gTxovT, Tavi SeikavoT yovelgvari kritikisagan da _

`ukve vici, maxsendeba erTi didebuli xandazmuli mamakaci, romelsac Sevxvdi wina

kviraSi mogzaurobisas. naRdi originali iyo. did mtacebel frinvels waagavda. Tu

gainteresebT, mas benediqti hqvia.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, aq erTad jgufdeba wmindanebi da saeklesio mamebi: wm. simoni,

wm. augistinusi, wm. benediqtusi. erT saeklesio mamas mgoni orijinesi erqva. samiveni

iseTive saxelebia, rogorc pauli, klainpaulis gvarSi.

`axla wm. ianuariusi magondeba da misi sisxliani saswauli _ me mgoni, es meqaniku­

rad grZeldeba~.

SeeSviT amas; wm. ianuariusi da wm. augustinusi, orive dakavSirebuli arian kalen­

213

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

darTan. ar gindaT, sisxliani saswauli gamaxsenoT?

`es Tqven gecodinebaT! neapolis erTerT eklesiaSi kolbaSi inaxeba wminda ianua­

riusis sisxli, romelic saswaulis meSveobiT garkveul dResaswaulze Txevadi xdeba.

xalxs sjera am saocrebisa da Zalian Relaven, Tu raime Seferxebaa, rogorc amas erT­

xel franguli okupaciis dros hqonda adgili. maSin generalma – Tu meSleba? gari­

baldi xom ar iyo? _ gverdze gaixmo sasuliero piri da Zalze gasagebi JestiT gareT

Camwkrivebul jariskacebze miuTiTa da uTxra, imedia, saswauli male aRsruldebao.

da marTlac moxda...~

mere? ratom SeCerdiT?

`axla raRac gamaxsenda... erTob intimuri ram aris saTqmelad... veraviTar kavSirs

ver vxedav da verc saWiroebas, amis Sesaxeb mogiTxroT.~

kavSirze me vifiqreb. TqvenTvis usiamovno ramis moyolas ver gaiZulebT, magram

Cemganac nu moiTxovT imis axsnas, Tu ratom dagaviwydaT sityva aliquis.

`namdvilad? Tqven ase fiqrobT? uecrad erTi qali gamaxsenda, romlisganac orive

CvenTaganisTvis usiamovno ambavi momividoda.~

rom cikli Seuwyda?

`rogor gamoicaniT?~

es ukve sirTules ar warmoadgens. Tqven sakmarisad SemamzadeT saamisod. gaixseneT

kalendris wmindanebi, sisxlis gaTxevadeba gansazRvrul dRes, amboxi, Tu movlenas

adgili ar eqneba, aSkara muqara, rom saswauli unda moxdes, Torem... Tqven xom wminda

ianuariusis saswauli gadaamuSaveT da Cinebuli miniSneba gaakeTeT qalis menstrua­

lur periodze.

`ise, rom es arc ki vicodi. da Tqven namdvilad TvliT, rom am saSiSi molodinis

gamo ver SevZeli sityvis aliquis reproducireba?~

amaSi eWvi ar mepareba. aba gaixseneT Tqvens mier danawevrebuli sityva a - liquis da

asociaciebi: Reliquen, Liquidation, siTxe.

reliqvia – likvidacia, gnebavT amave kavSirSi Cavaqsovo jer kidev bavSvobisas

msxverplSewiruli wminda simoni, romelic Tqven reliqviebTan dakavSirebiT ga gax­

sendaT?

`umjobesia, ara. imedi maqvs, seriozulad ar miiCnevT am Cems fiqrebs. samagierod

unda vaRiaro Tqvens winaSe, rom is qalbatoni italielia, masTan erTad movinaxule

neapoli. gana es SemTxveviTobas ar unda mivaweroT?~

es Tqveni gansjisTvis momindvia, yvela am kavSirs SemTxveviTobiT axsniT Tu ara. me

ki getyviT, yoveli msgavsi SemTxveva, romlis gaanalizebas moindomebT, aseve ucnaur

`SemTxvevebamde~ migiyvanT2.

uamravi safuZveli gamaCnia am patara analizis saTanadod Sesafaseblad, rasac

214

zigmund froidi

me Cems masindel Tanamgzavrs vumadli. erTi mxriv, am SemTxvevaSi me ufleba momeca

gamomeyenebina is wyaro, romelic CemTvis daxSuli iyo. ZiriTadad iZulebuli var,

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqikuri moSlilobis magaliTebi, rasac aq vuyri Tavs, Cemi

dakvirvebidan moviSvelio. Cemi nevrotuli pacientebis mier mowodebul gacilebiT

ufro mdidar masalas vcdilob Tavi avarido, SiSiT, rom Semomedavebian, es fenomenebi

nevrozis gamoxatuleba da Sedegiao. Cemi miznebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova­

nia, roca jansaRi nervebis mqone ucxo piri amgvari kvlevis obieqtad momevlineba. sxva

mxriv, es analizi CemTvis mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom igi naTels hfens sityvis davi­

wyebis SemTxvevas saTadarigo sityvis gaxsenebis gareSe da Cems adrindel winadadebas

adasturebs, rom araswori sanacvlo mogonebebis amotivtiveba Tu ararseboba arsebi­

Tad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan3.

aliquis­is magaliTis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba mdgomareobs `siniorelis~ SemTxvevis

erTerT sxva gansxvavebaSic. bolo magaliTSi saxelis reproduqcia ferxdeba cota

xniT adre dawyebuli da Sewyvetili fiqris msvlelobis momdevno moqmedebis Sedegad,

romlis Sinaarsi axal TemasTan aranairad gamokveTil kavSirSi ar iyo. daTrgunuli

da daviwyebuli saxelis Temas Soris arsebobda mxolod droSi urTierTSexeba; orive

erTmaneTTan kavSirSia garegnuli asociaciis meSveobiT4. Aliquis­is magaliTSi ki ar

aris amgvari damoukidebeli daTrgunuli Tema, romelic manamde iyo fiqris sagani

da axla mxolod xelisSemSlel faqtorad gvevlineba. reproduqciis Seferxeba xdeba

mocemuli Temis Signidan, maSin, roca gauTviTcnobiereblad iqmneba winaaRmdegoba

citataSi mocemul ideasTan. procesis konstruireba Semdegnairad unda moxdes: mo­

saubrem sinanuli gamoTqva, rom misi xalxis Tanamedrove Taoba TavianT uflebebSi iz­

Rudeba; daTrgunuli axali Taoba Surs iZiebs, winaswarmetyvelebs igi didonas msgav­

sad. maSasadame, man STamomavlobis survili gamoxata.

amasobaSi sapirispiro fiqrma gauelva: `namdvilad ase mondomebiT isurvebdi STa­

momavlobas? ar aris marTali. rogor Secbebodi, axla rom SenTvis ambavi moeta naT, rom

im meore mxridan, visac Sen icnob, STamomavals elodebi. ara, araviTari STa momavloba,

– Tumca, igi Cven SurisZiebisTvis gvWirdeba~. es winaaRmdegoba an gariSgasawevia, roca

igi zustad iseve, rogorc `siniorelis~ magaliTSi, garegnul asociacias aRadgens

misi warmosaxvis elementTagansa da sadavo survilis elements Soris, da amjerad

ki ukiduresad Zalismieri xerxiT xelovnurad moCvenebadi asociaciuri SemovliTi

gziT. meore arsebiTi Sesabamisoba (damTxveva) siniorelis magaliTTan Cans imaSi,

rom winaaRmdegoba Seviwroebuli wyaroebidan modis da fiq rebidan gamomdinareobs,

romlebic yuradRebis gafantvas (sxvaze gadatanas) ga moiwvevda. _ es mindoda meTqva

saxelis daviwyebis orive paradigmis Sinagan na Tesaobasa da gansxvavebulobaze.

Cven gavecaniT daviwyebis (gulmaviwyobis) meore meqanizms, Sinagani winaaRmdegobis

meSveobiT daTrgunuli fiqris Seferxebas. am process, romelic ufro iolad gasagebi

215

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

gveCveneba, Semdgom axsna­ganmartebebSi xelaxla SevxvdebiT.

Tavi mesame

saxelebisa da sityvaTmimdevrobis daviwyeba

ucxoenobriv teqstSi sityvaTmimdevrobis daviwyebis zemoT ganxiluli maga­

liTebidan gamomdinare Cndeba kiTxva, esaWiroeba Tu ara mSobliur enaze sityvaTa

Tanmimdevrobis daviwyebas arsebiTad sxvagvari axsna, Tu motivacia orive SemTxveva­

Si erTnairia. rogorc wesi, ar gvaocebs is faqti, rom zepirad naswavli formulis an

leqsis reproducireba garkveuli periodis Semdeg mxolod arasworad, mcire cvli­

lebebiT da adgilebis gamotovebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli. magram radgan es daviwyeba

erTnairad ar exeba saerTo konteqstSi daswavlils, aramed iqmneba iseTi STabeW­

dileba, TiTqos mTels raRac pawawina namcecebi mowyda, fuW Sromad namdvilad ar

CagveTvleba, Tu teqs tis SecdomebiT reproducirebis calkeul magaliTebs anali­

tikurad ganvixilavT.

erTi axalgazrda kolega CemTan saubrisas gamoTqvamda varauds, rom mSobliur

enaze naswavli leqsebis daviwyebas igive motivacia udevs safuZvlad, rac ucxoe nob­

rivi teqstis sityvaTmimdevrobis calkeuli nawilebis mexsierebidan droebiT amo­

vardnas. bolos Tavisi varaudis dasamtkiceblad eqsperimentis mowyoba SemomTavaza,

xolo cdis obieqtad _sakuTari Tavi. vkiTxe, romeli leqsis magaliTze isurvebda

aRniSnuli eqsperimentis Catarebas. man goeTes leqsi „sacole korinTidan~ airCia.

Tqva, rom es leqsi gansakuTrebulad uyvars da darwmunebulia, rom calkeuli

strofebi mainc zepirad axsovs. teqstis reproduqciis dawyebisTanave aSkara yoymani

daetyo. <<rogor aris, `korinTidan aTens gaswia~, _ mkiTxa man,_ Tu `korinTisken

gas wia aTenidan~?>> erT momentSi mec daveWvdi, Tumca saTauri maleve gamaxsenda da

siciliT SevniSne, rom leqss „sacole korinTidan~ hqvia da es ukve aSkarad miuTiTebs,

saiT mimaval gzas dasdgomia ymawvili. amis Semdeg pirveli strofis reproduqcia

uproblemod ganviTarda, yovel SemTxvevaSi, TvalSisacem darRvevebs adgili ar

hqonia. pirveli striqonis Semdeg kolegas Seetyo, rom sityvebs eZebda; Tumca maleve

gaagrZela da strofi amgvarad gadmosca:

Aber wird er auch willkommen scheinen, Jetzt, wo jeder Tag was Neues bringt?Denn er ist noch Heide mit den SeinenUnd sie sind Christen und – getauft. 5

me aqamdec daeWvebiT vusmendi, bolo striqonis dasrulebis Semdeg ki oriveni

216

zigmund froidi

mivxvdiT, rom aq udaod raRac damaxinjebas hqonda adgili. radgan swori variantis

aRdgena ver SevZeliT, saswrafod biblioTekas mivaSureT da wigni moviZieT. goeTes

leqsSi Cvenda gasaocrad aRmovaCineT, rom am strofis meore striqons sruliad sxva

mimdevroba hqonda, romelic Cemi kolegis mexsierebidan TiTqosda amovardnili­

yo da, Canda, raRac ucxoTi Canacvlebuliyo. goeTesTan es striqoni Semdegnairad

ikiTxeboda:

Aber wird er auch willkommen scheinen, W e n n e r t e u e r n i c h t d i e G u n s t e r k a u f t.6

sityva „erkauft` (daujda) eriTmeba sityvas „getauft` da ucnaurad momeCvena rom Cems

kolegas teqstis aRdgenaSi ase umniSvnelo daxmareba gauwia sityvaTa mimdevrobam:

warmarTi, qristianebi da monaTluli.

riT SegiZliaT axsnaT, rom savaraudod TqvenTvis Zalian kargad nacnob leqsSi

erTi striqoni ase mTlianad amoagdeT da Tu SegiZliaT warmoidginoT, ra konteqsti­

dan moitaneT sityvaTa is Tanmimdevroba, romliTac CaanacvleT aRniSnuli striqoni?

_ aseTi kiTxviT mivmarTe Cems axalgazrda kolegas.

man SeZlo axsna moeZebna momxdarisTvis, magram rogorc etyoboda, es ganmarteba

maincdamainc didi siamovnebiT ar gaukeTebia. << striqoni: `axla, roca yovel dRes ra­

Rac axali moaqvs~ mecnoba; me mgoni, cota xnis win swored es fraza vixmare Cems samedi­

cino praqtikasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis bolodroindeli warmatebebiT, rogorc

iciT, axla Zalian kmayofili var. magram rogor moxvda es winadadeba am leqsSi? me aseT

kavSirs vxedav: striqoni, `T u Z v i r a d a r d a u j d a e s w y a l o b a ~ , etyoba, CemSi

usiamo grZnobas iwvevs. is ukavSirdeba xelis Txovnas, razedac pirvelad uari miviRe,

da rasac kvlav vapireb, viTvaliswineb ra Cems bolo dros zedmiwevniT gaumjobesebul

materialur mdgomareobas. mets verafers getyviT, magram darwmunebuli var, namd­

vilad ar mesiamovneba, Tu Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi magrZnobineben, rom amjeradac ise­

Tive gaTvlam Seasrula gadamwyveti roli, rogorc maSin, Cemi uariT gamostumrebis

SemTxvevaSi.>>

am ganmartebam CemTvis yvelaferi naTeli gaxada, ise rom aRarc mWirdeboda

garemoebebSi ufro dawvrilebiT Caxedva. mainc gavagrZele SekiTxvebis dasma: rogor

mixvediT saerTod iqamde, rom Tqveni piraduli momentebi goeTes leqsis „sacole

korinTidan~ teqstSi CarTeT? iqneb Tqvens SemTxvevaSi religiuri aRmsareblobis

iseTive gansxvavebebTan gvaqvs saqme, rogoric am leqsSia gamoxatuli?

Keimt ein Glaube neu,wird oft Lieb und Treu,

217

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

wie ein böses Unkraut ausgerauft.7

marTalia, sworad ver gamovicani, magram gamikvirda, roca davinaxe, rogor gaunaTa

uceb goneba am kacs erTma kargad gamiznulma SekiTxvam. man pasuxad miTxra is, rac

aqamde sakuTari TavisTvisac ver gaemJRavnebina. miyurebda Sewuxebuli da ukmayofilo

mzeriT da TavisTvis butbutebda leqsis momdevno strofs:

Sieh sie an genau!Morgen ist sie grau. 8

da mokled daamata: Ees gogona cotaTi ufrosia Cemze. Mgadavwyvite, metad aRar dame­

tanja da gamokiTxva Sevwyvite. Gganmarteba sakmarisi meCvena. Tumca namdvilad gasao­

cari iyo, rom Cemi mcdeloba, damedgina mexsierebis erTi sruliad uvnebeli Secdomis

mizezi, Cemi gamokiTxvis obieqtis ase Soreul, intimur da uxerxuli afeqtis Tanmxleb

garemoebas Seexo.

erTi cnobili leqsis sityvaTmimdevrobis daviwyebis sxva magaliTi k. g. iungs min­

da davesesxo da avtoris sityvebiTve daviwyo:

„erTma batonma cnobili leqsis mxatvrulad wakiTxva moisurva:

`Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam usw~.9 striqonze `Ihn schlaefert~,10 uimedod Seferxda

da absoluturad daaviwyda momdevno sityvebi `mit weisser Decke~.11 amgvari daviwyeba

aseT cnobil leqsSi maSinve TvalSi momxvda da vTxove, aRedgina, ra azrebi mouvida

TavSi sityvebTan dakavSirebiT _ `TeTri saburveliT~. ase warmoiSva azrTa Semde­

gi rigiToba: `TeTri saburvelis gaxsenebisas s u d a r a momagonda, qsovilis naWeri,

romelsac micvalebuls afareben _ (pauza) _ amis Semdeg axlo megobari gamaxsenda _

mas sruliad axalgazrda Zma uecrad moukvda _ gulis SeteviT gardaicvala _ Tumca

a s e v e zedmeti simsuqnec iyo misi sikvdilis meore mizezi _ Cemi megobari garegno­

biT Zalian hgavs Zmas, a s e v e Zalian msuqania _ da me ukve davfiqrdi, xom SeiZleba

isic a s e v e gardaicvalos _ Tanac Zalian cotas moZraobs; misi sikvdilis Sesaxeb

rom Sevity ve, uceb SemeSinda, mec xom SeiZleba a s e v e damemarTos, miT ufro rom Cvens

ojaxSi yvelani simsuqnisaken varT midrekili, Tan babuaCemic gulis SeteviT garda­

icvala. vTvli, rom mec sakmaod msuqani var da swored amitom daviwye am dReebSi gasax­

domi procedurebis Catareba.~

„gamodis, rom am batonma sakuTari Tavi aracnobierad maSinve fiWvis xesTan gaai­

giva~, _ SeniSnavs iungi, _ „romelic micvalebulis sudariT iyo Seburvili~.

mas Semdeg uamravi sxva eqsperimenti Cavatare sityvaTmimdevrobis SecdomiT rep­

roduqciasa da daviwyebasTan dakavSirebiT da am gamokvlevaTa Sedegebis Tanxvedris

gamo vixrebi swored im varaudisken, rom leqsebis „aliquis~ da „sacole korinTidan~

218

zigmund froidi

magaliTebze naCvenebi daviwyebis meqanizmi TiTqmis sazogado xasiaTisaa. Uumetes

SemTx vevaSi mainca da mainc mosaxerxebeli ar aris amgvari analizis Catareba, radgan

es, rogorc wina SemTxvevebSi moxda, mudmivad dadis eqsperimentis obieqtisTvis me­

tad intimur da uxerxul sakiTxebamde. Aamitom bevri aseTi magaliTis dasaxelebisagan

Tavs Sevikaveb. miuxedavad masalis gansxvavebisa saerTo niSani Aam SemTxvevebisaTvis is

aris, rom daviwyebuli an damaxinjebulad gaxsenebuli sityvaTmimdevroba romeliRac

asociaciuri gziT ukavSirdeba aracnobieri azris Sinaarss, saidanac gamomdinareobs

efeqti, romelic daviwyebis saxiT vlindeba.

kvlav sakuTari saxelebis daviwyebis sakiTxs mivubrundebi, romelTan mimarTeba­

Sic Cven aqamde arc calkeuli SemTxvevebi gamogvikvlevia amomwuravad da arc motive­

bi. radgan mexsierebis amgvar darRvevebs drodadro sakuTar Tavzec sakmaod kargad

SemiZlia davakvirde, saamisod magaliTebic sakmarisad maqvs. ramdenime saaTiT adre

swored saxelebis daviwyebiT vxvdebi msubuqi Sakikis moaxloebas, romliTac dRemde

vitanjebi. xolo maSin, roca Sakiki piks aRwevs, _ sxvaTaSoris am dros samuSaosTvis

Tavis ganebeba ar mixdeba _ `xSirad arcerTi saxeli da gvari ar maxsovs. SeiZleboda

swored iseTi SemTxvevebi rogoric Cemia, sababad gamoeyenebinaT Cvens oponentebs da

principulad dapirispirebodnen Cvens analitikur mcdelobebs. unda gamovitanoT

Tu ara amgvari dakvirvebebidan daskvna, rom gamomwvevi mizezi gulmaviwyobisa, ker­

Zod ki gvar­saxelebis daviwyebisa Tavis tvinis saerTo da cirkulaciis darRvevebSi

aris saZiebeli? xom ar niSnavs es imas, rom Tavi unda davaneboT am fenomenis fsiqolo­

giurad axsnis mcdelobebs? me vfiqrob, araviTar SemTxvevaSi! radgan qmedebis yvela

SemTxvevisaTvis erTgvarovani meqanizmi SesaZloa mis cvalebad da ara aucileblad

saWiro TanaqmedebaSi agverios. SekamaTebis nacvlad mxolod aseTi Sedarebis moyva­

niT Semovifarglebi:

davuSvaT, iseTi daufiqrebloba gamoviCine, rom RamiT, didi qalaqis ukacriel

ubanSi saseirnod marto wavedi. am dros Tavs damesxnen da saaTi da safule wamarTves.

policiis uaxloes ganyofilebaSi gakeTebul werilobiT gancxadebaSi aseTi frazebi

Cavwere: me viyavi ama da am quCaze, iq martoobam da sibnelem saaTi da safule wamarTves.

Tumca am sityvebiT iseTi araferi miTqvams, rac simarTles ar Seefereba, magram mainc

memuqreba safrTxe, rom Cemi gancxadebis teqstSi aseTi sityvaTmimdevrobis gamo ara­

normalurad CamTvlian. saqmis arsi koreqtulad mxolod amgvarad SeiZleba gadmoic­

es: SemTxvevis adgilis ukacrielobam xeli Seuwyo imas, rom Ramis wyvdiadSi gamoCe­

nilma ucnobma borotmoqmedma Zvirfaseuloba wamarTva. saqmis garemoeba saxelebis

daviwyebisas sxvagvari verc iqneba. ucnobi fsiqikuri Zala daRlilobis, cirkulaci­

is darRvevis da intoqsikaciis xelSewyobiT marTmevs saSualebas visargeblo im saxe­

lebiT, romlebic Cemi mexsierebis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. es igive fsiqikuri

Zalaa, romelsac sxva SemTxvevebSic, maSin roca adamiani sruliad janmrTeli da si­

219

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

cocxlisunariania, SeuZlia misi mexsierebis darRveva gamoiwvios.

roca Tavsgadamxdar SemTxvevebs vaanalizeb, sistematurad vawydebi erTi da igive

moments, kerZod, daviwyebuli saxeli uSualod ukavSirdeba im Temas, romelic Cems

pirovnebasTan axlo SexebaSia, da SeuZlia Zlieri, xSir SemTxvevaSi uxerxuli efeqte­

bic gamoiwvios CemSi. ciurixis skolis (b l o i l e r i , i u n g i , r i k l i n i ) mosaxerxebeli

da Zalian kargi swavlebis mixedviT zemoT Tqmuli aseTi formiT SemiZlia gamovxato:

daviwyebulma saxelma „pirovnuli kompleqsi~ gaaRviZa CemSi. saxelis damokidebuleba

Cems pirovnebasTan warmoadgens moulodneli, metwilad zedapiruli asociaciis (si­

tyvis mravalmniSvnelovneba, msgavsi JReradoba) gziT mowodebul damokidebulebas.

zogadad mas SeiZleba ewodos EgverdiTi (arapirdapiri) damokidebuleba. mis bunebas

saukeTesod axsnis ramdenime martivi magaliTi:

^1) erTi pacienti mTxovs, vurCio romelime kurorti rivieraze. vici erTi aseTi

adgili genuasTan sul axlos. vixseneb Cemi germaneli kolegis saxelsac, romelic iq

muSaobs, magram TviTon adgilis dasaxelebis gaxsenebas verafriT vaxerxeb, miuxeda­

vad imisa, rom darwmunebuli var, vici. meti araferi damrCenia, pacients vTxov, cota

xans damelodos da saswrafod ojaxis wevrebs vukavSirdebi. „ra hqvia im kurorts

genuasTan axlos, sadac doqtor N­s Tavisi patara klinika aqvs da sadac imden xans

mkurnalobda is qali?~ „saocari ar aris, rom swored Sen dagaviwyda eg saxeli. im ad­

gils xom n e r v i hqvia.~ nervebTan ki marTlac sakmaod bevri Sexeba maqvs Cemi saqmia­

nobidan gamomdinare!

2) meore pacienti axlomdebare kurortis Sesaxeb melaparakeba da amtkicebs, iq ori

Zalian cnobili restornis garda kidev erTi aris, romelTanac garkveuli mogonebebi

makavSirebs, saxelsac axlave getyviTo. me TavgamodebiT uarvyof mesame restornis

arsebobas da vimowmeb im faqts, rom Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi zedized yovel zafxuls

swored im kurortze visvenebdi, da Sesabamisad is adgili me ukeT unda vicode, vidre

man. Cemma winaaRmdegobam pacienti ise gaaRiziana, rom ukve saxelis gaxsenebac SeZlo.

restorans h o x v a r t n e r i erqva. aq ki iZulebuli gavxdi dameTmo, ufro sworad me­

Riarebina, rom Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi swored am Cems mier uaryofili restornis

gverdiT vcxovrobdi. rogor moxda, rom sagnis arsebobac damaviwyda da misi saxelic?

me mgoni, imitom rom es saxelwodeba zedmiwevniT kargad maxsenebs erTi Cemi veneli

kolegis gvars da kvlavac „profesiul kompleqsebs~ aRviZebs CemSi.

3) erTxelac, is iyo sadgur raixenhalSi bileTis yidva davapire, erTbaSad amom­

varda Tavidan momdevno didi sadguris dasaxeleba, arada, am sadgurze araerTxel

Camovsulvar. mTeli seriozulobiT Sevudeqi rukaze mis Zebnas. sadgurs r o z e n h a i ­

m i hqvia. maSinve mivxvdi, romelma asociaciam amomigdo es saxeli mexsierebidan. erTi

saaTis win Cemi da movinaxule, romelic raixenhalTan Zalian axlos cxovrobs. Cems

das roza hqvia. e. i. gamodis, rom rozenhaimSi ukve viyavi (Heim germanulad sacxovre­

220

zigmund froidi

bels, saxls niSnavs). es saxelwodeba „ojaxurma~ kompleqsma damaviwya.

4) „ojaxuri kompleqsis~ am swored rom mtacebluri zemoqmedebis damadasture­

beli uamravi magaliTis moyvana SemiZlia.

erT mSvenier dRes axalgazrda kaci movida CemTan miRebaze, Cemi erT­erTi pacien­

tis umcrosi Zma, romelic aqamdec mravaljer menaxa da Cveulebisamebr saxeliT mivmar­

Tavdi. mogvianebiT, roca am vizitis Sesaxeb raRacis Tqma davapire, verafriT movaxer­

xe misi saxelis gaxseneba, arada saqme sruliad Cveulebriv da sakmaod gavrcelebul

saxels exeboda. mere quCaSi gavedi, rom firmebis firniSebi dameTvalierebina, da

saxe lic maSinve gamaxsenda, pirveli SexvedrisTanave. SemTxvevis analizma naTlad da­

manaxa, rom me miRebaze mosulsa da Cems sakuTar Zmas Soris paraleli gavavle, romlis

kulminacia amgvarad saxecvlil kiTxvaSi gamoixata: igive SemTxvevaSi Cemi Zmac aseve

moiqceoda Tu piriqiT? garegnuli dakavSireba ucxo da sakuTar ojaxebs Soris SemTx­

veviTobis wyalobiT gaxda SesaZlebeli. aRmoCnda, rom dedebs iqac da Cvens ojaxSic

erTi da igive saxeli erqvaT: amalia. mere Camnacvlebel surogat saxelebsac mivageni:

danieli da franci. es saxelebi uneburad momivida TavSi, axsna­ganmartebis gareSe.

isini, amalias msgavsad, S i l e r i s `yaCaRebSi~ gvxvdeba, romelTa saxelebs ukavSird­

eboda veneli d a n i e l S p i c e r i s erTi cnobili anekdoti.

5) erTxelac verafriT gavixsene pacientis saxeli, romelTanac axalgazrdobis­

droindeli, Zalian mWidro mogonebebi makavSirebda. Catarebulma analizma Zalian

grZeli, SemovliTi gziT matara, vidre sasurvel saxelamde mimiyvanda. pacientma

SiSi gamoTqva, TvalisCini ar davkargoo. am naTqvamma erTi axalgazrda kaci gamaxse­

na, romelsac tyvia moxvda da dabrmavda. am mogonebam kidev erTi ymawvilis suraTi

amomitivtiva, romelmac cecxlsasroli iaraRiT Tavis mokvla scada. am ukanasknels

igive gvari hqonda, rac pirvel pacients, miuxedavad imisa, rom erTmaneTis naTesavebi

ar iyvnen. gvaris gaxseneba mxolod mas Semdeg movaxerxe, roca am ori, axalgazrdo­

bisdroindeli SemTxvevidan gadmomeca SiSnarevi molodinis gancda, romelic Tavis

mxriv Cemi ojaxis wevrs ukavSirdeboda.

Cemi azrovnebis gavliT miedineba „TviTdamokidebuleba~ (Eigenbeziehung) mudmivi

nakadi, saidanac me, rogorc wesi, araviTar informacias ar viReb, magram es nakadi Tavs

swored saxelebis daviwyebiT avlens. ise memarTeba, TiTqos iZulebuli vxdebi, rom

yvelaferi, rasac ucxo adamianebze gavigeb, sakuTar pirovnebas Sevadaro, TiTqos

Cemi pirovnuli kompleqsebi sxvebze yoveli informaciis miRebisTanave gaaqtiurebas

iwyebdes. arafriT ar SeiZleba es Cemi pirovnebis individualuri xasiaTis Tavisebure­

ba iyos. is albaT ufro miTiTebaa imaze, Tu saerTod rogor gvesmis fenomeni „sxva~. me

gamaCnia safuZveli, vivaraudo, rom sxva individebsac msgavsi SegrZnebebi aqvT.

amasTan dakavSirebiT mSvenieri istoria momiTxro sakuTari cxovrebidan erTma

221

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

batonma, gvarad l e d e r e r m a . veneciaSi saqorwino mogzaurobisas erT batons Sexved­

ria, romelsac Turme Soridan icnobda. axladSerTuli meuRlisaTvis misi wardgena

moundomebia, magram gvari daviwyebia, da uxerxuli mdgomareobidan Tavis dasaRwevad

isRa mouxerxebia, rom gvaris nacvlad raRac gaurkveveli sityva specialurad xmadab­

la da luRluRiT warmouTqvams. meored Sexvedrisas, _ amas veneciaSi yofnis dros

adamiani ubralod versad gaeqceva, _ es kaci gverdze gauxmia da TxovniT miumarTavs,

rogorme am uxerxuli mdgomareobidan damixseniT da Tqveni saxeli da gvari gamaxsene­

To. ucnobis pasuxi dasturia imisa, rom es ukanaskneli zedmiwevniT kargad icnobda

adamianebs da maT Sinagan bunebas. eWvic ar mepareba, rom ver daimaxsovreT Cemi gvari.

me da Tqven xom erTi da igive gvari gvaqvs: l e d e r e r i ! _ upasuxia mas. veravin gaeq­

ceva im odnav usiamovno SegrZnebas, romelic eufleba adamians, roca gaigebs, rom misi

sakuTar saxelsa da gvars viRac sruliad ucxo adamiani atarebs. es gancda did­xans

ar mtovebda mas Semdeg, roca erT mSvenier dRes CemTan miRebaze vinme z . f r o i d i

gamocxadda. (sxvaTaSoris aqve viTvaliswineb Cemi erTerTi oponentis pozicias, ro­

melic amtkicebs, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSi TviTon sruliad sapirispiro reaq­

cia eqneboda).

6) TviTdamokidebulebis gavlenas aseve kargad vxedavT i u n g i s mier SemoTavaze­

bul Semdeg magaliTze:

„vinme baton Y­s uimedod Seuyvarda erTi qalbatoni, romelic male baton X­ze

daqorwinda. miuxedavad imisa, rom batoni Y baton X -s sakmaod didi xania icnobda da

masTan saqmiani urTierTobebic ki akavSirebda, am qorwinebis Semdeg gamudmebiT avi­

wy deboda misi gvari. batoni Y araerTxel gamxdara iZulebuli sxvebisTvis ekiTxa misi

saxeli da gvari, roca batoni X-isTvis saqmiani werilis miwera sWirdeboda~.

am SemTxvevaSi saxelis daviwyebis motivacia bevrad ufro gamWvirvale da gasage­

bia, vidre wina magaliTebSi, romelTaA motivirebac uSualod TviTdamokidebulebis

gavleniT aixsneba. bolos moyvanil magaliTSi aSkarad Cans, rom daviwyeba pirdapiri

Sedegia im antipaTiisa, romelic gauCnda baton Y­s Tavisi bednieri metoqis mimarT.

mas aRaraferi surs icodes mis Sesaxeb: „urCevnia saerTod aRar axsovdes is~.

7) sxvagvarad da Zalian daxvewilad motivirebulia gvar­saxelis daviwyebis qve­

moT moyvanili SemTxveva, romelic TviTonve gaanaliza adamianma, romelsac es ambavi

gadaxda:

„roca damatebiT sagnad arCeul filosofiaSi gamocdas vabarebdi, gamomcdelma

mkiTxa, ra vicodi epikures moZRvrebis Sesaxeb da mere mkiTxa, xom ar vicodi, vin iyo

misi moZRvrebis mimdevari Semdgom saukuneebSi. me davusaxele pier gasendi, romlis

gvarsac ori dRis win SemTxveviT movkari yuri kafeSi. gakvirvebuli gamomcdelis

SekiTxvaze, saidan vicodi pier gasendi rom epikures mowafe iyo, Tamamad vupasuxe,

222

zigmund froidi

rom didi xania gasendiT viyavi dainteresebuli. Cemma pasuxma Sedegad magna cum laude­s mowmoba momitana, da samwuxarod jiuti midrekilebac, gamudmebiT damviwye­

boda gasendis saxeli da gvari. me mgoni, sindisis qenjnas ganvicdidi maSin naTqvami

tyuilis gamo da amis brali iyo, rom, miuxedavad didi Zalisxmevisa, ver vimaxsovreb­

di gasendis gvars. me xom is wesiT arc maSin unda mcodnoda~.

Tu gvinda sworad SevafasoT Cveni informatoris siZulvilis intensivobis xarisxi

gamocdis epizodis gaxsenebisadmi, unda vicodeT, rad uRirs am adamians Tavisi doq­

toris xarisxi, da ris kompensacias aZlevs is.

8) doqtori ed. h i C m a n i : „baton N-s surs Tanamosaubres wignebiT movaWre firmis

G i l h o f e r & R a n s c h b u r g saxelwodeba dausaxelos. didi Zalisxmevis miuxedavad

mxo­lod meore gvari ranSburgi axsendeba, Tumca es firma misTvis kargad nacnobia. am

faqtis gamo cota ar iyos ukmayofilo brundeba Sin. gamomdinare iqidan, rom misTvis

es saqme sakmaod mniSvnelovania, ukve CaZinebul Zmas aRviZebs da firmis saxelwodebis

pirveli naxevris dasaxelebas sTxovs. es ukanasknelic myisve usaxelebs gilhoferis

gvars. baton N-s `gilhoferis~ gagonebisTanave sityva `galhofi~ axsendeba. ramde­

nime Tvis win `galhofSi~ erTi metad momxibvleli qaliSvilis TanxlebiT sasiamovnod

mosagonari gaseirneba moawyo. gogonam maSin nivTic usaxsovra, romelzedac waawera

`galhofSi gatarebuli lamazi saaTebis mosagoneblad~. ramdenime dRis win ki ujris

naCqarevad daxurvis dros batonma N­ma SemTxveviT seriozulad daaziana es saxsovari.

TavisTavad cxadia, amis gamo Tavs damnaSaved grZnobda. garda amisa, bolo dReebSi

erTgvar ambivalentur ganwyobaze iyo qalbatonis mimarT, romelic, marTalia, uyvar­

da, magram qalis survilis dakmayofilebas daqorwinebis Taobaze, Tavs aridebda da

SeZlebisdagvarad aWianurebda~.

9) roca 1 9 1 5 wels omi daiwyo italiasTan, sakuTar Tavze dakvirvebisas aRmovaCine,

rom italiis mTeli rigi qalaqebisa da sxva adgilebis dasaxelebebi mexsierebidan amo­

mivarda. es is saxelebi iyo, romelTac xSirad viyenebdi da kargad maxsovda. bevri sxva

germanelis msgavsad mec wesad mqonda, Svebulebis erTi nawili aucileblad italiis

miwaze gametarebina. eWvic ar Semparvia imaSi, rom italiuri saxelwodebebis es masiu­

ri daviwyeba gamoxatuleba iyo im gasagebi mtruli ganwyobisa, romelmac Caanacvla

uwindeli siyvarulis grZnoba am qveynis mimarT.am pirdapiri motivaciis garda me sax­

elwodebebis daviwyebis arapirdapiri motivaciac aRmovaCine, romelic imave gavle­

niT aixsneboda. ganwyobili viyavi, sxva, araitaliuri saxelwodebebic dameviwyebina

da am SemTxvevebis gaanalizebisas aRmovaCine, rom isini raRaciT magonebda CemTvis

saZraxis, mtrul saxelebs. bevri viwvale erT dRes moraviis qalaq b i z e n c i s gaxsene­

baze. roca bolos da bolos gamaxsenda, ukve vicodi, rom es daviwyeba orvietoSi mde­

bare sasaxle b i z e n c i s ukavSirdeboda. romelSic ganTavsebulia sastumro Belle Arti da romelSic me orvietoSi yofnisas davbinavdi. sasiamovno mogonebebi ukiduresad

223

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

daaziana Secvlilma emociurma ganwyobam.

sasargeblo iqneboda gagvexsenebina ramdenime magaliTi, romlebic gviCvenebs,

rogor SeiZleba Cadges sxvadasxvagvari ganzraxvis aRsrulebis samsaxurSi saxelebis

daviwyebis fenomeni.

10) doqtori hans z a q s i : „erT dRes axalgazrda kacma pansionSi ingliseli gogona

gaicno da maSinve moewona. imave saRamos Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. axalgazrda kaci gogonas

missave mSobliur inglisur enaze esaubreboda, romelsac sakmaod kargad flobda. ra­

Rac momentSi sityva Gold­is (oqro) gamoyeneba dasWirda, magram miuxedavad didi mon­

domebisa, verafriT SeZlo sasurveli sityvis gaxseneba. sanacvlod mexsierebaSi jiu­

tad amoutivtivda franguli or, laTinuri aurum da berZnuli chrysos, da gaWirvebiT

moaxerxa maTi Tavidan moSoreba, Tanac darwmunebulic iyo, rom am sityvebs araferi

hqondaT saerTo im sityvasTan, romelsac uSedegod eZebda. bolos isRa darCa, xeliT

Sexeboda gogonas TiTze wamocmul oqros beWeds da am gziT gaegebnebina mosaubris­

Tvis saTqmeli. saSinlad Sercxva, roca gogonam auxsna, rom sityva, romelic veraf­

riT gaexsenebina, zustad germanuli sityvis (Gold) identuri iyo. didi mniSvneloba

amgvari, am SemTxvevaSi sityvis daviwyebiT ganpirobebuli Sexebisa, ara mxolod imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom axalgazrda kacma qalis Rirsebis Seulaxavad daikmayofila masTan

fizikuri Sexebis wyurvili, risTvisac Seyvarebulebi SemTxvevas xelidan arc ara­

sodes uSveben xolme, aramed ufro metad imaSi, rom am Sexebam SesaZlebeli gaxada,

kacs gogonasTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi ganzraxvis samomavlo perspeqtivebi daenaxa. qa­

lis aracnobieri, _ gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, Tu qali Tavisi partnioris mimarT simpa­

Tias grZnobs, _ myisve gamoicnobs daviwyebis uvnebel niRabs amofarebul erotiul

survils. is, Tu rogor aRiqvams qali am Sexebas da ra motivacias mouZebnis mas, iqceva

orivesTvis gaucnobierebel, magram Zalian mniSvnelovan saSualebad es­es aris dawye­

buli flirtis samomavlo Sansebis urTierTSesaTanxmeblad~.

SemeZlo ufro meti magaliTi momeyvana saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevebze, da am

sakiTxze diskusiac gagvegrZelebina, magram ar minda, ise moxdes, rom yvela Tvalsaz­

risi, romlebic momdevno TematikasTan dakavSirebiT unda ganvixiloT, aqve, pirveli

Temis ganxilvisTanave amomwuravad ganimartos. da mainc, Tavs uflebas mivcem, war­

modgenili magaliTebis ganxilvis Sedegebi ramdenime winadadebiT Sevajamo:

saxelebis daviwyebis meqanizmi (ufro sworad: mexsierebidan amovardnis, droebiT

daviwyebis) mdgomarebs imaSi, rom saxelis reproducirebis ganzraxuli procesi ir­

Rveva azrTa ucxo da amavdroulad gaucnobierebeli mimdevrobis gamo. damaxinjebiT

reproducirebul saxelsa da gaxsenebis procesis xelisSemSlel kompleqss Soris an

Tavidanve arsebobs urTierTkavSiri an aseTi kavSiri xSir SemTxvevaSi xelovnuri gze­

biT, zedapiruli (garegani) asociaciebis saSualebiT warmoiqmneba.

xelisSemSlel kopleqsebs Soris TviTdamokidebuleba (Eigenbeziehung) (pirovnu­

224

zigmund froidi

li, ojaxuri, profesiuli) yvelaze didi gavlenis mqone aRmoCnda.

saxels, romelic Tavisi mravalmniSvnelovnebis gamo azrTa ramdenime sxvadasxva

wres (kompleqss) miekuTvneba, xSirad swored imis gamo ver vixsenebT azrTa erT rome­

lime mimdevrobasTan kavSirSi, rom xels gviSlis misi imavdrouli kuTvnileba azrTa

sxva, ufro Zlierad Camoyalibebul mimdevrobasTan (kompleqsTan).

mexsierebis amgvar darRvevaTa motivebs Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva motivi,

romelic miznad isaxavs saxelwodebis daviwyebis gziT Tavidan aacilos adamians is

usiamovneba da cudi ganwyoba, romelsac uciloblad gamoiwvevda masSi am konkretu­

li saxelis gaxseneba.

zogadad saxelebis daviwyebis fenomenis ori ZiriTadi SemTxveva SeiZleba ganvasx­

vavoT. erTi, roca TviTon saxeli modis SexebaSi raRac arasasiamovnosTan, an roca is

ukavSirdeba meore saxels, romelic ase qmedebs. ase rom, saxelebis reproducirebis

procesi SeiZleba Seferxdes erTis mxriv sakuTriv maTive mizeziT, da meores mxriv,

maTi axlo Tu Soreuli asociaciuri kavSirebis gamo.

am zogadi mimoxilvis Semdeg gasagebi xdeba, rom saxelebis droebiT daviwyeba mex­

sierebis Secdomebs Soris yvelaze xSiria.

Tumca unda iTqvas, rom jer kidev bevri ram gvaSorebs im dros, roca am fenomenis

yvela Taviseburebis dasaxelebas SevZlebT. minda imazec mivuTiTo, rom saxelebis da­

viwyeba Zlier gadamdebia. sakmarisia, ori pirovnebis saubrisas erTma Tqvas, esa Tu is

saxeli damaviwydao, rom maSinve meoresac aviwydeba igive. Tumca iq, sadac daviwyebis

fenomeni inducirebulia, daviwyebuli saxelis gaxseneba kvlav ufro advilad xerxde­

ba. es „koleqtiuri~ daviwyeba, ufro zustad Tu vityviT, masebis fsiqologiis feno­

meni, jer kidev ar gamxdara analitikuri kvlevis sagani.

adgili aqvs xolme saxelebis daviwyebis gaxangrZlivebul processac, romlis

dro sac erTbaSad xdeba saxelTa mTeli wyebis mexsierebidan gandevna. daviwyebuli

saxelwodebis Zebnisas adamiani sxvebs eWideba, romlebTanac is saxeli, romelsac

eZebs, Zalian axlo kavSirSia. am dros ki xSir SemTxvevaSi isinic aviwydeba, romelTaA

gamoyenebasac sayrdenad apirebda sasurveli saxelwodebis Zebnisas. daviwyeba ise dax­

tis erTi saxelidan meoreze, TiTqosda advilad verdasaZlevi dabrkolebis arsebobis

damtkicebas cdilobdes.

225

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

Tavi meoTxe

bavSvobisa da gadamfaravi mogonebebis Sesaxeb

Cems morig naSromSi (1899 w. gamoqveynda yovelTviur JurnalSi „fsiqiatria da

nevrologia~) SevZeli damemtkicebina gaxsenebis fenomenis tendenciuri bunebis ar­

seboba CvenTvis sruliad moulodnel sferoSi. me vxelmZRvanelobdi im ucnauri rea­

lobiT, rom, rogorc irkveva, Zalian adreuli bavSvobidan adamians xSirad misTvis

sruliad umniSvnelo da meorexarisxovani mogonebebi aqvs Semonaxuli, da amavdrou­

lad imave periodis mniSvnelovani, dasamaxsovrebeli da afeqtebiT datvirTuli

STabeWdilebebi (xSirad, cxadia, ara yovelTvis) zrdasruli adamianis mexsierebidan

ukvalod aris gamqrali. radgan cnobilia, rom mexsiereba arCevans akeTebs SemoTava­

zebuli STabeWdilebebidan misTvis yvelaze sasurvelze, gamodis, unda vivaraudoT,

rom es arCevani sruliad gansxvavebuli principiT keTdeba bavSvobis asakSi, da sul

sxvagvarad mimdinareobs igive procesi inteleqtualurad momwifebuli pirovnebis

mexsierebaSi. dawvrilebiTma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom es varaudi gadaWarbebulia. mex­

sierebas SemorCenili bavSvobisdroindeli umniSvnelo mogonebebi TavianT arsebobas

unda umadlodnen mexsierebaSi mimdinare Camnacvlebel process. reproduqciis dros

swored isini enacvleba sxva, namdvilad mniSvnelovan da Rirebul STabeWdilebebs,

romelTa gaxseneba Canacvlebuli mogonebebis (Ersatzerinnerungen) fsiqikuri analizis

meSveobiT xerxdeba, da romelTa pirdapiri reproduqcia ferxdeba sxvadasxva winaaRm­

degobis gamo. radgan isini TavianT SenarCunebas sakuTar Sinaarss ki ara, maTi Sinaar­

sis sxva SinaarsTan asociaciur kavSirs unda umadlodnen. aqedan gamomdinare, maT

namdvilad Seesatyviseba gansazRvreba, romelic me movuZebne, kerZod, gadamfaravi

mogonebebi (Deckerinnerungen).~

kavSirebisa da mniSvnelobebis mravalferovnebas zemoT xsenebul statiaSi me mxo­

lod Sevexe, es sakiTxi ar amomiwuravs. iq dawvrilebiT gaanalizebul magaliTSi gansa­

kuTrebiT wamovwie win gadamfarav mogonebasa (Deckerinnerung) da mis mier gadafarul

Sinaarss Soris arsebuli d r o i T i urTierTmimarTebis Tavisebureba. gadamfaravi

mogonebis Sinaarsi iq bavSvobis adreul wlebs ukavSirdeboda, maSin roca im azriT

ganc debs, romlebic mexsierebaSi am gadamfaravi mogonebis saxiT iqna warmodgenili,

da romlebic TiTqmis gaucnobierebeli darCa, am adamianis cxovrebis Sedare biT

gvian del wlebSi hqonda adgili. am saxis gadanacvlebas vuwode u k u m i m a r T u­

226

zigmund froidi

l i anu k u s v l a d i. albaT kidev ufro xSirad vxvdebiT sapiri s pi ro damokidebu­

lebas, roca uaxloes warsulSi miRebuli umniSvnelo STabeWdileba gadamfaravi mo­

gonebis saxiT rCeba mexsierebaSi da gadafaravs adreuli wlebis mogonebas, romlis

uSualo reproduqcia sxvadasxva winaaRmdegobis gamo ver xerxdeba. es imiT aixsneba,

rom es gadamfaravi mogoneba TavianTi SinaarsiT dakavSirebulia sakmaod Soreul

wlebSi gancdilTan. mas SeiZleba ewodos w i n m i m a r T u l i an w i n s w r e b u l i

gada mfaravi mogoneba. mTavari, rac mexsierebis zrunvis sagans warmoadgens, drois

TvalsazrisiT, gadamfaravi mogonebis u k a n devs. da bolos, verc mesame SemTxvevis

SesaZleblobas avuvliT gverds, miT ufro, rom mas arc Tu iSviaTad aqvs adgili: es is

SemTxvevaa, roca gadamfaravi mogoneba aramarto SinaarsiT, aramed droiTac Tanxved­

rilia im mogonebasTan, romelsac faravs. e. i. saqme gvaqvs Tanadroul anu mosazRvre

gadamfarav mogonebasTan.

Tu Cveni mexsierebis maragis ra nawili miekuTvneba gadamfarav mogonebaTa ricxvs

da ra rols TamaSobs es mogonebebi nevrotiuli azrovnebis sxvadasxva procesebSi, is

problemebia, romelTa Sefaseba me arc iq micdia, arc aq maqvs dagegmili. me mxolod

is mainteresebs, rom win wamovwio sakuTari saxelebis daviwyeba­gaxsenebis da gadam­

faravi mogonebebis warmoqmnis procesebis erTgvarovnebis sakiTxi.

erTi SexedviT am ori fenomenis gansxvavebuloba bevrad ufro TvalSisacemia, vid­

re maTi SesaZlo analogiebi. iq saqme exeba sakuTar saxelebs, aq ki mTlian, realobaSi an

sulac warmosaxvaSi gancdil STabeWdilebebs. iq saqme gvaqvs gaxsenebis funqciis aSka­

ra darRvevasTan, aq ki gaxsenebis SedegTan, romelic usiamo gaocebas iwvevs CvenSi. iq

adgili hqonda droebiT Seferxebas – radgan es­esaa daviwyebuli saxeli am momentamde

asjer SeiZleba yofiliyo am adamianis mier sworad reproducirebuli da SesaZloa,

xvalidan kvlavac mravaljer uproblemod moxdes misi gaxseneba, aq ki mexsierebis

grZelvadian, uwyvet maragzea saubari, radgan gvgonia, rom bavSvobis umniSvnelo mo­

gonebebi SeiZleba sul Tan mihyvebodes adamians cxovrebis xangrZlivi periodis man­

Zilze. orive SemTxveva sxvadasxva gamocanis winaSe gvayenebs: iq saqme daviwyebas exe­

ba, aq – mogonebebis Senaxva­SenarCunebas, es ki Cvens mecnierul inte ress kidev ufro

amZafrebs. Tu cota ufro CavuRrmavdebiT, SevamCnevT, rom miuxedavad orive feno­

mens Soris arsebuli gansxvavebulobisa, rogorc fsiqikuri masalis, ise drois Tval­

sazrisiT, TanxvedraTa ricxvi aSkarad Warbobs sxvaobebs. iqac da aqac adgili aqvs

gaxsenebis procesis mcdar ganviTarebas. mexsierebis mier imis reproducireba ki ar

xdeba, risic konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda momxdariyo, aramed mis sanacvlod sruli­

ad sxva ramisa. sakuTari saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevaSic adgili aqvs mexsierebis

Cveulebriv qmedebas, is axdens reproducirebas, oRond Camnacvlebeli saxelebi­

sas (Ersatznamen). gadamfaravi mogonebebis warmoqmna mimdinareobs sxva, ufro mniS­

227

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

vnelovani STabeWdilebebis daviwyebis fonze. orive SemTxvevaSi inteleqtua luri

SegrZneba gvamcnobs procesSi Seferxebis CarTvis Sesaxeb, oRond TiToeul SemTx­

vevaSi sxvadasxva formiT. saxelebis daviwyebis dros v i c i T, rom Camnacvlebeli

saxelebi a r a s w o r i a; gadamfaravi mogonebebis SemTxvevaSi ki g v a o c e b s is faq­

ti, rom es mogonebebi saerTod Semounaxavs Cvens mexsierebas. Tu Semdgomi fsiqolo­

giuri analizi daamtkicebs, rom Camnacvlebeli azrebis warmoqmna orive SemTxvevaSi

erTnairi gziT ganxorcielda, kerZod didi xnis droindeli zedapiruli asociaciis

gadanacvlebis Sedegad, maSin swored orive am fenomenis gansxvavebuloba masalis,

drois xangrZlivobisa da centrirebis TvalsazrisiT gagviZlierebs imis molodins,

rom raRac mniSvnelovani da sazogadod miRebuli aRmovaCineT. es sazogadod imis

gamomxatveli iqneboda, rom reproduqciuri funqciis Seferxeba an mcdaroba ufro

xSirad, vidre Cven vvaraudobT, swored mikerZoebis faqtoris CarTvaze miuTiTebs,

anu tendenciaze, romelic erT mogonebas reproducirebaSi exmareba, imav droulad ki

cdilobs xeli SeuSalos meore mogonebis warmoqmnas.

bavSvobisdroindeli mogonebebi imdenad mniSvnelovnad da sainteresod meCvene­

ba, rom minda mivuZRvna mas kidev ramdenime SeniSvna, romlebic scdeba Cvens mier aqa­

mde ganxilul mosazrebebs.

ramdenad swvdeba warsulis Soreul siRrmeebs bavSvobis mogonebebi? CemTvis

cnobilia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime gamokvleva, mag. h e n r i s a (V. et C. H e n r i) da p o t v i n i s (P o t w i n); am gamokvlevebma aCvenes, rom dakvirvebis obieqtTa

Soris didi individualuri gansxvavebulobaa. maSin, roca erTi maTganis pirveli mo­

goneba sicocxlis meeqvse Tves ukavSirdeba, meores Tavisi bavSvobis Sesaxeb meeqvse

anda merve wlamde araferi axsovs. rasTan aris dakavSirebuli bavSvobis mogonebebis

daviwyebis sxvadasxvagvaroba, da ra mniSvneloba eniWeba maT? dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis

gasacemad, TavisTavad cxadia, am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli masalis mogroveba sakma­

risi ar iqneba. mas aucileblad dasWirdeba damuSaveba, raSic informaciis momwode­

beli pirma aucileblad unda miiRos monawileoba.

infantiluri amneziis faqts, Cveni sicocxlis pirvel wlebTan dakavSirebuli mo­

gonebebis daviwyebis fenomens, vfiqrob, satanado interesiT ar vekidebiT da Sesaba­

misad vkargavT SesaZleblobas, amovicnoT masSi arsebuli Zalze ucnauri gamocana.

Cven gvaviwydeba, rogori maRali inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi da rTuli SegrZ­

nebebis unari gaaCnia bavSvs ukve daaxloebiT oTxi wlis asakSi. aqedan gamomdinare,

unda gvaocebdes is faqti, rom am rTuli mSvinvieri procesebis Sesaxeb mexsierebas

sicocxlis gviandel periodSi, rogorc wesi, TiTqmis araferi aqvs Semonaxuli. miT

ufro, rom yvela safuZveli gvaqvs vivaraudoT, rom am daviwyebul bavSvobisdroin­

del gancdebs ukvalod ar CauvliaT. maT udaod moaxdines gavlena pirovnebis ganvi­

228

zigmund froidi

Tarebaze da Sesabamisad gansazRvres misi cxovrebis yvela Semdgomi periodi. da mainc,

miuxedavad am Seudareblad didi gavlenisa, isini daviwyebas mieca! es miuTiTebs gax­

senebis sruliad specifiur pirobebze (cnobieri reproduqcia), romlebic aqamde Cve­

ni SemecnebisTvis dafaruli iyo. advilad SesaZlebelia, rom bavSvobisdroindelma

mogonebebma gvapovninos gasaRebi im amneziebis arsSi Casawvdomad, romlebic Cveni

uaxlesi monacemebis Tanaxmad, unda warmoadgendes nevrologiuri simptomebis Camo­

yalibebis safuZvels.

mexsierebaSi Semonaxuli bavSvobisdroindeli mogonebebis nawili Zalian gasagebad

gveCveneba, nawilic – ucnaurad da gaugebrad. arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar warmoadgens sir­

Tules zogierTi Secdomis gasworeba. Tu adamianis mexsierebaSi Semonaxul mogone­

bebs analitikurad ganvixilavT, advilad davadgenT, rom maTi namdvilobis garantia

praqtikulad ar arsebobs. mogonebis bevri xati ueWvelad damaxinjebuli, arasruli,

an drosa da savrceSi gadanacvlebulia. gamokiTxuli adamianebis mier mowodebuli

informaciebi imis Taobaze, TiTqos maTi pirveli mogonebebi sicocxlis meore wels

ukavSirdebodes, sarwmuno namdvilad ar aris. male im motivebis dadgenac xerxdeba,

romelTa meSveobiT gasagebi xdeba ram gamoiwvia warsulSi gancdilis damaxinjeba an

drosa Tu sivrceSi misi gadanacvleba. es motivebi imasac amtkicebs, rom mxolod mex­

sierebis Ralati ar SeiZleba iyos mogonebebis arasworad reproducirebis mizezi.

sicocxlis Semdgomi periodebis Zlieri Zalebis zemoqmedeba ganapirobebs bavSvo­

bis mogonebebis gaxsenebis unaris formirebas. savaraudod, es is Zalebia, romelTa

wyalobiTac sazogadod ase gagviucxovda sakuTari bavSvobis xana da wagverTva misi

gagebis unari.

zrdasrul adamianebSi gaxsenebis procesi, rogorc cnobilia, sxvadasxva sax­

is fsiqikur masalaze dayrdnobiT mimdinareobs. zogierTi adamiani mxedvelobiTi

xatebis moSveliebiT ixsenebs, aseT mogonebebs vizualuri xasiaTi aqvs; zogic gancdi­

lis yvelaze mwiri monaxazis aRdgenasac Zlivs axerxebs; aseT adamianebs S a r k o s

mixedviT uditifs da moteurs uwodeben, sawinaaRmdegod Visuels­isa. sizmarSi es gansx­

vavebebi qreba; sizmars metwilad suraT­xatebad vxedavT. igive procesi mimdinareobs

bavSvobis mogonebebis reproducirebisas. amitom maT sanaxaobiT­mxedvelobiTi saxe

aqvT im adamianebTanac ki, romelTa mexsierebas vizualuri elementebi zrdasrul

asakSi saerTod aRar gaaCnia. mxedvelobiTi gaxseneba am gziT inarCunebs infantiluri

gaxsenebis tips. piradad Cems SemTxvevaSi mxolod Zalian adreuli bavSvobis wlebi­

dan SemorCenil mogonebebs gaaCnia vizualuri xasiaTi. es aris aSkarad sanaxaobrivi

scenebi, zustad Teatraluri dadgmebis msgavsi. bavSvobis STabeWdilebebis amsaxvel

am scenebSi _ miuxedavad imisa, namdvilia isini Tu damaxinjebuli _ adamiani siste­

maturad xedavs sakuTar Tavsac, bavSvuri garegnobiTa da bavSvobisdroindeli samo­

229

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

siT. es garemoeba gaocebas unda iwvevdes. vizualuri mexsierebis mqone zrdasruli

adamianebi gviandel STabeWdilebebTan dakavSirebuli mogonebebis reproducirebi­

sas sakuTar Tavs veRar xedaven.12 Tu davuSvebT, rom bavSvs Tavisi gancdebisas mTeli

yuradReba sakuTar Tavze aqvs gadatanili, nacvlad imisa, rom moaxdinos misi sruli

koncentrireba garegan STabeWdilebebze, winaaRmdegobaSi movalT yvela im daskvnas­

Tan, rac aqamde gagvikeTebia. es gansxvavebuli poziciebi gvaiZulebs vivaraudoT, rom

Cvens, ase vTqvaT, yvelaze adrindel bavSvobis mogonebebSi marTla realuri mogone­

bebis kvals ki ar vxedavT, aramed maT gviandel, gadamuSavebul variants, romelic si­

cocxlis gviandeli periodis sxvadasxvagvari fsiqiuri Zalebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad

iqna formirebuli. amgvarad, individis @`bavSvobis mogonebebi~ zogadad gadamfaravi

mogonebebis saxes iZens da amave dros Tavisi mniSvnelobiT utoldeba xalxebis sawyiss

mogonebebs, romlebic maTsave zepirmetyvelebaSi Tqmulebebisa da miTebis saxiTaa

Semonaxuli.

visac fsiqoanalizis meTodiT sakmao raodenobis adamiani hyavs gamokvleuli, mas

yvela saxis gadamfaravi mogonebebis magaliTebic mravlad eqneba mogrovili. Tumca

am magaliTebis mowodebas zedmiwevniT arTulebs zemoT ganmartebuli Taviseburebebi

im urTierTmimarTebisa, romelic arsebobs bavSvobisdroindel mogonebebsa da indi­

vidis cxovrebis gviandel periods Soris. imisaTvis, rom Sefasdes romelime bavSvobi­

sdroindeli mogoneba rogorc gadamfaravi mogoneba, xSirad am pirovnebis cxovrebis

mTeli istoriis saaSkaraoze gamotana xdeba aucilebeli. mxolod Zalian iSviaT SemTx­

vevaSia SesaZlebeli, msgavsad qvemoT moyvanili mSvenieri magaliTisa, erTi konkre­

tuli SemTxvevis calke gamoyofa da misi damoukideblad ganxilva.

ocdaoTxi wlis axalgazrda ixsenebs xuTi wlis asakSi gancdils. suraTi aseTia:

biWuna sazafxulo agarakzea, baRSi. taburetze zis, deidis gverdiT, romelic cdi­

lobs asoebi aswavlos pataras. biWs uWirs aso m­sa da aso n­s Soris gansxvavebis dam­

axsovreba da sTxovs deidas, maswavle, rogor unda gamovicno, romeli romeliao.

deida yuradRebas imaze amaxvilebinebs, rom m n­s mTeli erTi nawiliT metobs, m­s

n­sgan gansxvavebiT erTiT meti xazi aqvs. ar arsebobda araviTari safuZveli eWvisa,

rom bavSvobis es mogoneba namdvili ar iyo, Tumca Tavisi namdvili mniSvneloba man

mxolod mogvianebiT aRidgina, roca gairkva, rom am mogonebas SeuZlia simbolurad

ganasaxieros biWis sul sxva saxis daintereseba. rogorc maSin, xuTi wlis asakSi cdi­

lobda gaerkvia, rogor ganesxvavebina erTmaneTisgan m da n asoebi, iseve undoda

axla, ukve mozrdil bavSvs, gaego ra gansxvavebaa gogonasa da biWs Soris. namdvilad

araferi eqneboda sawinaaRmdego, Tu amjeradac deida ikisrebda maswavleblis rols.

mere gaarkvia kidec, rom gansxvaveba marTlac im asoebis magaliTis msgavsi iyo: biWi

mTeli erTi nawiliT metobda gogonas. swored am mignebam gauRviZa mas sakuTar bavS­

vur cnobismoyvareobasTan dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi mogoneba.

230

zigmund froidi

kidev erTi magaliTi ufro gviandeli bavSvobis wlebidan: seqsualur sferoSi Za­

lian dakompleqsebuli kaci, romelic amJamad 43 wlisaa, yvelaze ufrosia cxra da­

Zmas Soris. yvelaze umcrosis dabadebisas is TxuTmeti wlisa iyo, Tumca axla jiutad

amtkicebs, rom dedisTvis fexmZimoba arasodes SeumCnevia. es, cxadia, daujereblad

meCveneba da daJinebiT vcdilob gavaxseno is periodi. rogorc iqna, axerxebs mexsiere­

baSi aseTi suraTis aRdgenas: deda sarkis win dgas da aCqarebiT i x d i s q v e d a t a n s.

Tavisi varaudiT biWi maSin 11­12 wlisa iqneboda. dedas eubneba, quCidan Semovedi da

moulodnelad WinTvebi damewyoo. qvedatanis g a x d a (Aufbinden) biWisTvis gadamfar­

av mogonebad iqca, romlis ukan m S o b i a r o b a imaleba. amgvari `sityvieri xidebis~

magaliTebs Cven sxvaganac mravlad SevxvdebiT.

mxolod erT magaliTze minda gaCvenoT, ra azri SeiZleba SeiZinos analitikuri

gadamuSavebis Semdgom bavSvobisdroindelma mogonebam, romelic erTi SexedviT

arafrismTqmeli Canda. roca ormocdasami wlis asakSi Cemi bavSvobis mogonebebis nar­

CenebiT davinteresdi, gonebaSi erTi scena amomitivtivda, romelic ukve didi xania

(meCveneboda, rom Zalian adreuli asakidan) drogamoSvebiT maxsendeboda da yvela

safuZveli mqonda mefiqra, rom is Cemi sicocxlis mesame wlis bolos ukavSirdeboda.

vxedavdi, rogor vdgavar yuTTan da tiriliT viTxov raRacas. yuTis saxuravi Cems oci

wliT ufros naxevarZmas uWiravs xeliT. uceb dedaCemi Semodis, lamazi da gamxdari,

TiTqos axlaxans Semovida quCidano. am sityvebiT aRvwere scena, romelsac aqamde mxo­

lod vxedavdi da verafris Tqmas ver vaxerxebdi. ra undoda Cems Zmas, am yuTis _

am scenis pirvelad aRwerisas ratomRac sityva `karada~ gamoviyene _ gaReba Tu da­

xurva, ra matirebda, ra hqonda saerTo am yvelaferTan dedis Semosvlas, metismetad

bundovani iyo CemTvis. Cemeuli axsna aseTi iyo: ufrosi Zma Cemi wvalebiT erToboda,

rac dedis gamoCenisTanave Sewyvita. bavSvobisdroindel mexsierebebTan dakavSire­

buli aseTi gaugebrobebi sakmaod xSiria. adamians axsovs raRac situacia, romelic ar

aris centrirebuli da ver xvdeba, kerZod romel elementze unda gaakeTos fsiqikuri

aqcenti. Cemma analitikurma mcdelobebma sruliad moulodnel Sedegamde mimiyvana.

suraTi ukve amgvarad avxseni: karga xans uSedegod veZebdi dedas, mere ratomRac eWvi

gamiCnda, rom SeiZleboda am yuTSi Tu karadaSi yofiliyo Caketili. amitom vTxovdi

Zmas mis gaRebas. manac Seasrula Cemi moTxovna, magram roca davrwmundi, rom deda iq

ar iyo, xmamaRali tirili movrTe. swored es momenti CamebeWda mexsierebaSi. suraTi

sruldeba oTaxSi dedis SemosvliT, rac miqarvebs dardisa Tu monatrebis grZnobas.

sainteresoa, saidan mouvida bavSvs is azri, rom deda yuTSi eZebna? bolodroindeli

sizmrebi bundovnad mimaniSnebdnen Cems ZiZaze, romelic me sxva mogonebebsac aRmiZ­

ravda. mag. ZiZa moiTxovda Cemgan, rom yovelTvis patiosnad Camebarebina misTvis is

wvrili fuli, romelsac zogjer saCuqrad viRebdi. es is detalia, romelic, advilad

231

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

SesaZlebelia, gadamfarav mogonebad iqces ufro gvian momxdari sxva STabeWdilebi­

saTvis. gadavwyvite, amjerad saqme gameiolebina da Cemi moxuci dedisTvis gamomekiTxa

ZiZasTan dakavSirebuli ambebi. bevri ram Sevityve. mag. gavige, rom am Wkvian, magram

uweso adamians dedaCemis mSobiarobis periodSi uamravi ram mouparavs Cveni saxlidan,

ris gamoc Cemi naxevarZmis daJinebiT gausamarTlebiaT kidec. am informaciam Zalian

naTlad damanaxa zemoT aRwerili scenis namdvili arsi: saxlidan ZiZis moulodnelad

gaqroba SeumCneveli ar damrCenia. swored Cems Zmas mivmarTe kiTxviT, ZiZa ratom aRar

Cans­meTqi, radgan rogorRac SevniSne, rom am saqmeSi masac miuZRoda wvlili. Cemma

Zmamac pirdapir pasuxs Tavi aarida da kalamburiT miTxra: `yuTSi gamoketeso~. naTq­

vami ise gavige, rogorc is Cemma bavSvurma gonebam aRiqva da gamokiTxvasac Tavi da­

vanebe, imitom rom meti mainc aravin araferi miTxra. magram roca cota xnis Semdeg

deda movisaklise, maSinve Zmaze mivitane eWvi. CavTvale rom am borotma biWma deda­

sac igive gaukeTa, rac ZiZas. amitom movTxove, saswrafod gaexsna yuTi. axla imasac

vxvdebi, ratom iyo bavSvobisdroindel am vizualur mogonebaSi ase xazgasmuli dedis

sigamxdre. me misi sigamxdre TvalSi momxvda, rogorc dedis sul cota xnis aRdgeni­

li Zveli garegnoba. me orwlinaxevriT ufrosi var Cems maSin gaCenil daze. sami wlis

asakidan ki ukve aRar vcxovrobdi Cems ufros naxevarZmasTan erTad.13

Tavi mexuTe

mcdarTqma

Tu mSobliuri yofiTi salaparako enis masala daviwyebisgan ase Tu ise daculia,

maSin igi miT ufro midrekilia sxva darRvevebisadmi, romelic mcdarTqmis saxeliT

aris cnobili.

normalur adamianSi gamovlenili mcdarTqma paTologiur pirobebSi gamomJRavne­

buli e.w. `parafaziebis~ winare safexuris STabeWdilebas tovebs.

aq me _ rac ar unda uCveulo iyos es _ iseT mdgomareobaSi vimyofebi, roca vi­

Racis mier Cemamde Catarebuli samuSaos dafaseba SemiZlia. 1895 wels meringerma da

k. maierma gamoaqveynes narkvevi `mcdarTqma da mcdarkiTxva~, romelTa midgomac Ce­

meulisagan Sors dgas. kerZod, avtorTagan erT­erTi, romlis saxeliTac xdeba Txro­

ba, enis mkvlevaria da lingvisturma interesebma ubiZga gamokvlevisaken, daecva is

wesebi, romelTa mixedviTac xdeba mcdarTqma. is imedovnebda, am wesebis safuZvel­

ze SeZlebda daskvnis gamotanas `raRac garkveuli sulieri meqanizmis~ arsebobaze,

232

zigmund froidi

`romlis Tanaxmadac raime sityvis, winadadebis bgerebi da Tavad sityvebic sruliad

speci fiuri gziT arian erTmaneTTan gadabmulni da dakavSirebulni.~

Tavdapirvelad avtorebi `mcdarTqmis~ maT mier Tavmoyril magaliTebs ajgufeben

wminda deskripciuli principiT, rogorc gadanacvlebas (mag. milo veneseli nacvlad

venera miloselisa): a) rogorc winmswreb gaJRerebas anu anticipaciebs (mag. mker­

daSi.... mkerdSi ise damimZimda), b) nagvianeb gaJRerebas anu postpozicias (mag. `mogi­

wodebT, Cveni Sefis dRegrZelobisa movuWaxunoT~ nacvlad miWaxunebisa), g) Serwymas

anu kontaminacias (mag. `ukana Tavze dgeba~ nacvlad: `TavSi Caido~ da `ukana TaTebze

dgeba~), d) Canacvlebas anu substitucias (mag. `preparatebs CavuSveb safosto yuT­

Si~ nacvlad sainkubacio yuTisa), am mTavar kategoriebsac kidev ramdenime naklebad

mniSvnelovani (da Cveni miznebisaTvis naklebad Rirebuli) kategoria unda miematos.

am dajgufebaSi ar xdeba gansxvaveba, es gadanacvleba ganzraxuli winadadebis sityvis

calkeul bgerebs Seexeba, marcvlebs Tu mTlian sityvebs.

mcdarTqmis gamovlenil saxeebs meringeri enobrivi bgerebis gansxvavebuli fsiqi­

kuri intensivobiT xsnis. Tu xdeba sityvis pirveli bgeris, winadadebis pirveli si­

tyvis stimulireba, maSin agznebis es procesi ukve momdevno bgerebsa da sityvebze

vrceldeba da ramdenadac stimulirebis es procesi erTdroulad mimdinareobs,

erTmaneTze SeiZleba cvlilebis gamomwvevi zegavlena iqonios. intensiuri bgeris

stimulireba an winmswrebad an eqosebr gamoZaxilad JRers da aferxebs naklebi inten­

sivobis process. axla ki unda ganvsazRvroT, Tu romlebia sityvaSi umaRlesi intensi­

vobis bgerebi. meringeri ambobs: `Tu gvinda, vicodeT, sityvis romeli bgeraa yvelaze

maRali intensivobis mqone, amisaTvis sakuTar Tavs unda davakvirdeT daviwyebuli si­

tyvis, mag.saxelis Zebnisas. pirvel rigSi cnobierebaSi Semodis is, rasac daviwyebamde

yvelaze maRali intensivoba hqonda. ese igi, maRali intensivobis mqone bgerebi fuZi­

seuli marcvlebis sawyisi bgera da sityvis sawyisi bgeraa da _ aqcentirebuli xmovani

an xmovnebi~.

ar SemiZlia, aq winaaRmdegoba ar gavwio. varaudSi, miekuTvneba Tu ara saxelis sawy­

isi bgera sityvaSi umaRlesi Rirebulebis mqone elementebs, is mainc arasworia, rom

sityvis daviwyebis SemTxvevaSi pirvelad swored is aRsdgeba cnobierebaSi; amdenad,

zemoT moyvanili wesi gamousadegaria. Tu sakuTar Tavs raime daviwyebuli saxelis Zeb­

nisas davakvirdebiT, umetes SemTxvevaSi darwmunebulebi varT, rom is raRac garkveul

asoze iwyeba. es darwmunebuloba iseve xSirad aris usafuZvlo, rogorc safuZvliani.

diax, minda ganvacxado, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi sawyisi bgera arasworadaa miTiTebu­

li. `sinioreli~­s Taobaze Cvens magaliTSiac Casanacvlebel saxelSi gvxvdeba sawyisi

bgera da arsebiTi marcvlebi dakargulia; swored marcvlebis is naklebad Rirebuli

wyvili `eli~ daubrunda mexsierebas Casanacvlebel saxelSi `botiCeli~. is, Tu ramde­

233

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

nad naklebad scemen pativs Casanacvlebeli saxelebi gonebidan amovardnili saxelis

sawyis bgeras, dae Semdegma SemTxvevam gaxados TvalsaCino:

xandaxan CemTvis SeuZlebelia, gavixseno im patara qveynis saxeli, romlis dedaqa­

laqicaa monte karlo. misi Casanacvlebeli saxelebi Semdegnairad JRers:

piemonti, albaneTi, montevideo, koliko.

albaneTi male montenegroTi Seicvleba da mere TvalsaCino xdeba, rom marcvali

`mont~ (gamoTqmuli rogorc `mon~) mainc miesadageba yvela Casanacvlebel saxels,

ukanasknelis garda. amiTi miadvildeba, hercogi albertis saxelidan gamomdinare,

daviwyebuli monako vipovo. koliko daviwyebuli saxelis marcvalTa Tanmimdevro­

basa da riTmikas daaxloebiT miagavs.

Tu vivaraudebT, rom mcdarTqmis SEemTxvevebSi imave meqanizmTan gvaqvs saqme, ra­

sac saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevaSic vxvdebiT, maSin, mcdarTqmis SemTxvevaTa ufro

Rrmad dasabuTebul gagebamde mivalT. metyvelebis is darRveva, romelic mcdarTqmis

saxiT warmogvidgeba, pirvel rigSi, SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imave frazis sxva Semad­

geneli nawilis zegavleniT, anu winmswrebad imisa, rac Semdgom unda iTqvas an naTqva­

mis Semdgom gamoZaxilad, anda sxva formulirebis zegavleniT, romelic gamosaTqme­

li winadadebis an azris farglebs ar scildeba, romlis gamoTqmac gvaqvs ganzraxuli

_ amas ganekuTvneba meringerisa da maierisgan aRebuli zemoT CamoTvlili yvela mag­

aliTi; meores mxriv ki, SesaZlebelia darRveva siniorelis SemTxvevis analogiurad

moxdes da rodesac es darRveva am sityvis, winadadebis Tu mocemuli kavSiris gareSe

gavlenebidan xdeba, im elementebidan momdinare, romelTa gamoTqma ar Sedis Cvens

ganzraxvaSi da romelTa agznebis Sesaxeb mxolod da mxolod am darRveviT Tu vigebT.

unda davaskvnaT, rom agznebis erTdrouloba, simultanuroba aris is saerTo, rac am

ori tipis mcdarTqmas aerTianebs, xolo mocemuli winadadebis an mocemuli kavSiris

gareT an mis farglebSi yofna ki _ mcdarTqmis orive saxisaTvis ganasxvavebs. pirve­

li SexedviT gansxvaveba iseTi didi ar Cans, rogorc is SemdgomSi Cndeba mcdarTqmis

simptomatologiis garkveuli daskvnebis gaTvaliswinebisas, Tumca sruliad naTe­

lia, rom mxolod pirveli SemTxveva gvaZlevs imeds, rom mcdarTqmis fenomenis gax­

ilvisas davaskvnaT iseTi meqanizmebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic iseTnairad aer­

Tianeben calkeul bgerebsa da sityvebs, rom isini urTierTzegavlenas axdenen maTive

artikulaciis procesze. ese igi iseTi daskvnebi, romelTac lingvisti isurvebda,

rom mcdarTqmis gamokvlevidan mieRo. garedan Semosuli gavleniT ganpirobebuli wi­

nadadebisa Tu frazaTa darRvevis SemTxvevaSi upirveles yovlisa saWiro iqneboda,

darRvevebis gamomwvevi elementebis dadgena da Semdeg wamoiWreboda kiTxva, SeuZlia

Tu ara darRvevis meqanizmsac sityvaTwarmoebis navaraudevi kanonzomierebebis ga­

moaSkaraveba.

234

zigmund froidi

ufleba ar gvaqvs ganvacxadoT, rom meringers da maiers `rTuli fsiqikuri ze­

gavlenebiT~, imave sityvis, winadadebisa Tu igive frazis Tanmimdevrobis gareT

arsebuli elementebiT metyvelebis darRvevis SesaZlebloba gamorCaT. maT unda

Se emCniaT, rom is Teoria, romlis mixedviTac fsiqikisTvis yvela bgera Tanabrad

Rirebuli ar aris, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, mxolod bgeriTi darRvevebis, an winmswrebi

da Semdgomi gamoZaxilis asaxsnelad aris sakmarisi. iq, sadac sityvieri darRvevebi

bgeriT darRvevebze ver daiyvneba, mag. sityvebis Canacvlebebisa da kontaminaciebis

dros, mcdarTqmis mizezs isinic uneblied im ganzraxuli urTierTkavSiris gareT

eZebdnen da saqmis amgvari viTareba mSvenieri magaliTebiTac gaaTvalsaCinoes. me

Semdegi adgilebis citirebas movaxden:

ru. yveba ambavs, rasac is sulis siRrmeSi `Rorobad~ afasebs. magram is amis ufro

rbilad gamoxatvas cdilobs da iwyebs: `magram mere iseTi faqtebi gamoRordnen...~ ma­

ieri da me amas SeveswariT da ru.­m daadastura, rom `Rorobebze~ ifiqra. is, rom am

nafiqrma sityvam (Roroba) gamoaaSkarava Tavi da ucbad gaxda qmediTi da laparakis

dros wascda, am ori sityvis msgavsebiT aixsneba.

`iseve rogorc kontaminaciebis, Canacvlebebis drosac, magram albaT kidev

uf ro didi xarisxiT, did rols TamaSoben xatovani sityva­Tqmani da orazrovani

Sesityvebebi. isini, marTalia cnobierebis zRvars qvemoT, magram mainc qmediT

siaxloveSi arian, advilad SeuZliaT saTqmel kompleqsTan msgavsebis meSveobiT

mizidul iqnen da metyvelebis Tanmimdevruli msvlelobis procesidan gadaxveva

gamoiwvion an metyvelebisas sityvebis msvlelobaSi CaerTon. es xatovani sityva­

Tqmani, rogorc vTqviT, xSirad cota xnis win dasrulebuli enobrivi procesebis

`dagvianebuli mgzavrebi~ (gamoZaxili) arian.

zemoTaRniSnuli msvlelobidan gadaxveva msgavsebiTac SeiZleba iyos gamowveu li,

roca raime sxva msgavsi sityva cnobierebis zRvars qvemoT devs, magram saTqmelad ar

aris gamiznuli. es exeba Canacvlebebs. _ amitom vimedovneb, rom gadamowmebisas Cemi

wesebi dadasturdebian. magram amisaTvis saWiroa, rom roca dakvirveba sxva adamianze

xdeba, cxadad gaviazroT yvela SesaZlebloba, Tu raze SeeZlo mosaubres efiqra 14. aq

erT karg magaliTs moviyvan. li.­m Cvens Sekrebaze Tqva: `es qali Semamzinebda~. me dav­

eWvdi, radgan es `mz~ auxsnelad momeCvena. Tavs ufleba miveci, mosaubris yuradReba

mimeqcia mis Secdomaze, `SemaSinebda~­s magivrad `Semamzinebda~ rom Tqva, razec maS­

inve mipasuxa: `diax, es imitom, rom vfiqrobdi: ar viqnebodi mzad~ da a.S.~

`kidev erTi SemTxveva. vekiTxebi r. f. Sid.­s, Tu rogor aris misi avadmyofi cxeni.

man mipasuxa: `xo, albaT gamwuxrd... gagrZeldeba kidev erTi Tve.~ es `gamwuxrd~ `xr~­

Ti sruliad gaugebrad mesaxa, radgan SeuZlebeli iyo `gagrZeldebis~ `gr~­s emoqmeda

amgvarad. amitom r. f. S.­s yuradReba gavamaxvilebine amaze, razec man mipasuxa, rom

235

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

ifiqra `es Zalian samwuxaro ambaviao~. ese igi, mosaubres orgvari pasuxi hqonda TavSi,

romlebic Seerwynen erTmaneTs.~

ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT Tu rogor axlos modis cnobierebis zRvars qvemoT mdgo­

mi xatovani sityva­Tqmanis da Sesityvebebis gaTvaliswineba, romlebic saTqmelad ar

arian gankuTvnilni da is mowodeba, rom gamovikiTxoT, Tu raze ifiqra mosaubrem Cve­

ni `analizebis~ pirobebTan. Cvenc imave gziT veZebT aracnobier masalas, mxolod im

gansxvavebiT, rom gamokiTxulis TavSi mosuli sityvebidan darRvevis matarebeli el­

ementis aRmoCenamde kompleqsur asociaciaTa wyebis gavliT ufro grZeli gzis gavla

gviwevs.

me SevCerdebi kidev erT saintereso qcevaze, romelzec meringeris magaliTebi

mowmoben. avtoris azriT, ganzraxul winadadebaSi romelime sityvis msgavseba sxva

im sityvasTan, romlis gamoTqmasac ar vapirebT, ukanasknels saSualebas aZlevs, rom

damaxinjebis, gadanacvlebis, kompromisuli warmonaqmnis (kontaminaciiT) gziT subi­

eqtis cnobierebaSi SeaRwios.

SemaSinebda gagrZeldeba gamovlinda

mzadyofna samwuxaro Roroba

`sizmrebis axsnis~ Sesaxeb Cems nawerSi ganvmarte, Tu ra wvlili Seaqvs konden­

saciis samuSos sizmris latenturi azrebidan e.w. sizmris cxadi Sinaarsis SeqmnaSi.

aracnobieri masalis or elements Soris nebismieri sagnobrivi an sityvieri msgavseba

sababia imisaTvis, rom raime mesame, Sereuli an kompromisuli warmodgena Seiqmnas,

romelic sizmris SinaarsSi Tavis orive komponents Seenacvleba da romelic amgvari

warmomavlobidan gamomdinare, ase xSirad gamoirCeva calkeuli Tvisebebis winaaRmde­

gobriobiT.

amrigad, mcdarTqmis dros Canacvlebebisa da kontaminaciebis warmoqmna im kon­

densaciis samuSaos dasawyisia, romlis Sedegsac vpoulobT sizmris agebis procesSi.

ufro farTo wreebisaTvis gankuTvnil erT patara naSromSi (1900 wlis 23 agvis­

tos `axali Tavisufali presa~: `rogor SeiZleba mcdarTqma mogvivides~) meringerma

yuradReba dauTmo mcdarTqmaTa iseTi SemTxvevebis gansakuTrebul praqtikul mniSv­

nelobas, roca raime sityvas misi sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityviT Cavanacv­

lebT. `albaT jer kidev bevrs axsovs, Tu rogor gaxsna amas winaT sxdoma avstriis

parlamentis sakrebulos prezidentma: `uzenaeso sakrebulo! vadastureb amdeni da

amdeni batonis aqyofnas da amiT xsdomas daxurulad vacxadeb!~ mxolod sayovelTao

mxiarulebam miapyro misi yuradReba Secdomas da man is gamoaswora. am SemTxvevaSi axs­

na albaT is iqneboda, rom prezidents surda, es sxdoma, romlisganac arafer kargs ar

236

zigmund froidi

eloda, namdvilad daexura, magram _ es xSiri movlenaa _ gverdiTma azrma nawilob­

riv mainc gamoJona da Sedegad miviReT `daxuruli~ nacvlad `gaxsnilisa~, ese igi imis

sapirispiro, risi Tqmac iyo ganzraxuli. magram mravalgvarma dakvirvebam maswavla,

rom, saerTod, urTierTsawinaaRmdego sityvebs sakmaod xSirad vurevT erTmaneTSi;

isini ukve Cvens enobriv cnobierebaSi arian asocirebulni, erTmaneTTan SemWidrove­

bulni arian da Zalian advilad xdeba maTi SecdomiT wamoZaxeba.~

sapirispiroTa arevis yvela SemTxvevaSi ar aris ase advili, rogorc prezidentis

magaliTSi, imis gamoaSkaraveba, rom mcdarTqma winaaRmdegobis mizeziT, erTgvari

protestis gamo xdeba, xdeba, romelic mosaubris SigniT gamoTqmuli winadadebis

sawinaaRmdegod aRiZvreba. analogiuri meqanizmi Cven `a liquis~­is magaliTis anal­

izis drosac vipoveT; Sinagani winaaRmdegoba iq sityvis daviwyebaSi gamovlinda, misi

sapirispiroTi Canacvlebis magivrad. magram, am gansxvavebebis mosaxsnelad gvsurs

SevniSnoT, rom patara sityva `aliquis~ im antipodis matarebeli ar aris, romelic si­

tyva `daxurvas~ da `gaxsnas~ erTmaneTis mimarT aqvT da rom `gaxsna~ rogorc Zalze

xSirad gamoye nebuli, Znelad miecema daviwyebas.

Tu meringerisa da maieris es ukanaskneli magaliTebi gviCveneben, rom metyvelebis

darRveva SeiZleba ganviTardes rogorc erTi da imave winadadebaSi gamosaTqmelad

gankuTvnili bgerebisa da sityvebis zegavleniT, aseve gamosaTqmelad ganzraxuli

winadadebis farglebs miRma arsebuli myofi sityvebis zemoqmedebiT, romlebic

sxvagvarad ver gamovlindebodnen, maSin Tavdapirvelad imis gageba unda movindomoT,

SegviZlia Tu ara mcdarTqmis es ori klasi erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gavmijnoT

da rogor aris SesaZlebeli, erTi klasis magaliTis meore klasisagan garCeva.

ga mokvlevis am adgilas ki vundtis mosazrebebi unda gavixsenoT, romelic enis

ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa Sesaxeb Tavis mravlismomcvel gamokvlevaSi (xalxTa

fsiqologia, tomi I, nawili I, gv. 371­dan, 1900) mcdarTqmis gamovlinebebsac exeba.

rac am gamovlinebebsa da sxvebs, maT monaTesaveT, arasodes akliaT, vundtis mixedviT,

es garkveuli fsiqikuri zegavlenebia. `amaSi, pirvel rigSi, pozitiur winapirobad

iTvleba gamoTqmuli bgerebiT gamowveuli bgeriTi da sityvieri asociaciebis

SeuCerebeli nakadi. amas, rogorc uaryofiTi faqtori, emateba nebisyofis da

yuradRebis zegavlenis Sesusteba an sruli Sewyveta, rac am nakads aferxebs. am

SemTxvevaSi yuradReba nebisyofis funqciad gvevlineba. asociaciis es TamaSi vlindeba

Tu ara imaSi, rom momavali warmosaTqmeli bgeris anticipacia an warmoTqmuli bgeris

reproduqcia xdeba, an rom CvevaSi gamjdari romelime bgera sxvebs Soris CaerTveba,

an da, bolos da bolos, imaSi, rom sruliad sxva sityvebi, romlebic gamoTqmuli

bgerebiT asociaciur kavSirSi imyofebian, maTze ukuqmedeben _ yvelaferi es mxolod

gansxvavebebs aRniSnavs am mimarTulebiT da, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, am sivrceSi,

237

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

ganxorcielebul asociaciebSi, magram ara maT saerTo bunebaSi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi

isic ki SeiZleba iyos saeWvo, romel formas unda mivakuTvnoT raime garkveuli

darRveva an unda daviyvanoT Tu ara isini, ufro metad, mizezTa garTulebis principis

mixedviT 15, mraval motivTa Tanxvedraze.~

vundtis es SeniSvnebi marTebulad da damakvalianeblad mimaCnia. SeiZleba vundtze

ufro didi SemarTebiTac gavusvaT xazi imas, rom metyvelebaSi Secdomebis pozitiu­

rad xelSemwyobi momenti _ asociaciaTa SeuCerebeli nakadi _ da negatiuri _ yur­

adRebis Semakavebeli zegavlenis Sesusteba _ sistematurad modian urTierTqmede­

baSi, ise rom orive momenti erTi da imave procesis mxolod da mxolod gansxvavebul

aspeqtebad iqceva. yuradRebis Semakavebeli zegavlenis SesustebasTan erTad swored

am asociaciaTa SeuCerebeli nakadi amoqmeddeba; kidev ufro zustad rom gamovTqvaT:

am SesustebiT.

Cems mier Segrovil mcdarTqmaTa magaliTebs Soris TiTqmis ver vpoulob iseTs,

romelSic metyvelebis darRveva mxolod da mxolod imaze dayvaneba, rasac vundti

`bgeraTa kontaqtur gavlenas~ uwodebs. TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi me vpoulob

darR vevis gamomwvev zegavlenasac, romelic ganzraxuli frazis farglebs miRmaa

da es damrRvevi zegavlena an erTeuli aracnobierad darCenili azria, romelic

mcdarTqmiT gamoavlens Tavs da xSirad mxolod gulmodgine analizis meSveobiT Tu

ubrundeba cnobiers, an da es raime ufro zogadi fsiqikuri motivia, romelic mTeli

frazis winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli.

1) Cems qaliSvils, romelic vaSlSi CakbeCisas mJave saxes iRebs, citatas movuyvan:

`manWiaobs maimuni,

metadre vaSls roca Wams.~

me ki viwyeb: manWams... es albaT ̀ manWiaobis~ da ̀ Wamis~ kontaminaciaa (kompromisuli

warmonaqmni am or sityvas Soris) an da gamzadebuli `Wamis~ anticipaciadac SeiZleba

iqnes aRqmuli. saqmis viTareba ufro zustad SemdegSia: erTxel me es citata ukve war­

movTqvi da pirvel jerze araferi wamcdenia. mcdarTqma momivida mxolod misi gameo­

rebisas, romelic aucilebeli aRmoCnda, radgan is, visac mivmarTe, sxva ramiT iyo gar­

Tuli da ar mismenda. swored es gameoreba da masTan dakavSirebuli mouTmenloba, am

winadadebis moSorebis survili Cemi mcdarTqmis motivebis im rigs unda mivakuTvno,

romelic kondensaciis qmnilebad gvevlineba.

2) Cemi qaliSvili ambobs: me vwer frau Srezingers... im qalbatons Slezingeri

hqvia. metyvelebis es Secdoma albaT artikulaciis Semsubuqebis tendenciasTan aris

dakav Sirebuli, radgan `l~ gameorebuli `r~­s Semdeg rTuli gamosaTqmelia. magram

isic unda davamato, rom Cemi qaliSvilis am mcdarTqmas ramdenime wuTiT adre Cems

mier areuli ̀ manWams~ da ̀ manWiaobs~ uswrebda win. gamodis, rom mcdarTqma didwilad

ga damdebia, iseve rogorc saxelebis daviwyeba, romelTanac meringerma da maierma

238

zigmund froidi

es Tavisebureba SeamCnies. am fsiqikuri inducirebis mizezi namdvilad ar SemiZlia

davasaxelo.

3) ̀ ise vikecebi rogorc dibis jana ­ jibis dana~, ambobs erTi pacienti qali seansis

dasawyisSi, bgerebis areviT, rac isev artikulaciis siZneliT SeiZleba gavamarTloT.

roca metyvelebis Secdomaze gavamaxvilebine yuradReba, maSinve mipasuxa: `diax, es

mxolod imitom, rom dRes Tqven ̀ Seriozuli~ (Ernscht) TqviT.~ me mas marTlac am fraziT

davxvdi: `dRes seriozuls (Ernst) vizamT~ (radgan bolo seansi iyo gamgzavrebamde) da

`seriozuli~ xumrobiT `Seriozulad~ gadavakeTe. seansis manZilze mas kidev bevrjer

mosdis mcdarTqma da bolos vamCnev, rom igi ubralod Cems imitacias ki ar akeTebs,

aramed mas gansakuTrebuli mizezi aqvs, qvecnobierSi sityva `seriozulTan~ rogorc

saxelTan gaCerdes. 16

4) `iseTi gaciebuli var, rom ar SemiZlia viriT cxvisunTqo ­ cxviriT visunTqo~

(durch die Nase atmen) _ wacdeba igive pacients sxva dros. is maSinve xvdeba Tu rogor

mivida metyvelebis am Secdomamde. `me yovel dRe hazenaueris quCaze vjdebi tramvai­

Si, da dRes dila­adrianad vagons rom vucdidi, gamielva, rom frangi rom vyofiliyavi,

azenauers vityodi, radgan frangebi sawyis bgeraSi `h~­s yovelTvis toveben~. Semdeg

moiyvans mTel rig reminiscenciebs frangebze, romlebsac icnobs, da farTo Semov­

liTi gzebiT im mogonebasTan miaRwevs, rom ToTxmeti wlis asakSi patara speqtaklSi

`mewvrilmane da pikardi~ pikards TamaSobda da maSin damtvreuli germanuliT lapara­

kobda. im SemTxveviTobam, rom mis sacxovrebelSi axlaxan parizeli stumari Camovida,

mogonebaTa mTeli es wyeba gaaRviZa. ese igi, bgerebis gadanacvleba sruliad ucxo kav­

Siridan momdinare aracnobieri azris zegavleniT iyo gamowveuli da araviTari kav­

Siri ar hqonda saubris TemasTan.

5) mcdarTqmis meqanizmi msgavsia erT sxva pacient qalTan, romelsac mexsiereba

Ralatobs swored im dros, roca didi xnis win miviwyebul bavSvobis mogonebas miecema.

is, Tu sxeulis ra adgilas wvda mas sxvisi cnobismoyvare da msunagi xeli, mexsiereba

ar eubneba. pirdapir amis mere is Tavis daqals inaxulebs da mas sazafxulo agarakebze

esaubreba. roca ekiTxebian, Tu sad mdebareobs misi patara saxli m.­Si, igi pasuxobs:

mTis mkerdobze nacvlad mTis ferdobisa.

6) kidev erTi pacienti qali, romelsac seansis damTavrebis Semdeg vekiTxebi, Tu

rogor aris biZamisi, mpasuxobs: `ar vici, exla mas marto in flagranti Tu vxedav.~ meore

dRes is iwyebs: `saSinlad Semrcxva, aseTi suleluri pasuxi rom mogeciT. ra Tqma unda,

sruliad gaunaTlebel pirovnebad migaCnivarT, romelic gamudmebiT urevs erTma­

neTSi ucxour sityvebs. me mindoda meTqva: en passant.~ maSin jer kidev ar vicodiT, Tu

saidan moetana mas es arasworad gamoyenebuli ucxouri sityvebi. magram imave seansis

dros, wina dRis Temaze saubrisas mas erTi viTareba, romelSic in flagranti nivTieri

239

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

samxiliT daWera asrulebda mTavar rols. amgvarad, wina dRis Secdomam, jer kidev

gaucnobierebeli mogonebis anticipacia moaxdina.

7) kidev erTi sxva pacientis Sesaxeb, analizis msvlelobisas, im mosazrebis gamoTq­

ma miwevs, rom im dros, romelsac im momentSi vexebiT, mas Tavisi ojaxis rcxvenoda

da mamamiss sayvedurobda da CvenTvis jer ucnob braldebas uyenebda. igi amdagvars

verafers ixsenebs da es saeWvodac miaCnia. Tumca igi saubars agrZelebs ojaxze SeniS­

vnebiT: `isini mainc gansakuTrebuli adamianebi arian, yvelas aqvs Suriereba _ me

mindoda meTqva_ `suliereba~ (Geist). da marTlac es iyo is braldeba da sayveduri,

romelic mas Tavisi mexsierebidan ganedevna. is, rom am mcdarTqmaSi swored is azri

gamoxteba, romlis daTrgunvac gvinda, xSirad xdeba (Seadare meringeris SemTxveva:

gamoRorva, gamovlenis nacvlad). gansxvaveba mxolod isaa, rom meringerTan pirovne­

bas iseTi ramis daTrgunva surs, rac mas gacnobierebuli aqvs, roca Cemi pacienti am

daTrgunuls ver acnobierebs, an da, SeiZleba iTqvas, ar icis, Tu ras Trgunavs da rom

raRacas Trgunavs.

8) ganzrax SekavebasTanaa dakavSirebuli mcdarTqmis Semdegi magaliTic. erTxel,

dalmaTiaSi, or qalbatons Sevxvdi, romlebic turistebiviT iyvnen Cacmulni. me maT

raRac monakveTze gavyevi da vsaubrobdiT im siamovnebebze, magram aseve im uxerxu­

lobebze, rasac turistuli cxovrebis wesi gvTavazobs. erTerTi qalbatoni aRiarebs,

rom dRis gatarebis es wesi sakmaod Seicavs Semawuxebel faqtorebsac. `marTalia~,

Tqva man, `rom srulebiTac araa sasiamovno, roca mTeli dRe mzeSi siarulis Semdeg

maisuri da perangi sul mTlad gaoflianebulia.~ am winadadebaSi mas mouwia erTi pa­

tara Secbuneba daeZlia. Semdeg ganagrZo: `magram mere sacvalSi (saxlis magivrad) rom

brundebi da gamocvla rom SegiZlia...~ miviCnie, rom aq CaZieba ar iyo saWiro, am mcdar­

Tqmis asaxsnelad. qalbatons aSkarad ganzraxuli hqonda, CamonaTvali ufro sruli

gaexada da eTqva: maisuri, perangi da sacvali. mesame saxis TeTreulis dasaxelebis

ganzraxva man wesierebis gamo daTrguna. Tumca Semdeg, Sinaarsobrivad damoukidebel

windadebaSi gandevnilma sityvam rogorc misi msgavsi sityvis _ `saxlis~ _ damaxin­

jebam misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod mainc gaitana Tavi.

9) `Tu xaliCebis yidva gindaT, kaufmanTan midiT maTes quCaze. me mgoni, iq TqvenT­

vis rekomendaciis gawevac SemiZlia, `meubneba erTi qalbatoni. me vimeoreb: `eseigi ma­

TesTan... kaufmanTan, mindoda meTqva.~ TiTqos es dabneulobis Sedegi iyo, erTi saxe­

li meoris nacvlad rom gavimeore. am qalbatonis saubars marTlac davebnie, radgan

yuradReba sxva raRacaze gamamaxvilebina, rac CemTvis bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani

iyo, vidre xaliCebi. kerZod, maTes quCaze is saxli dgas, romelSic Cemi coli cxov­

robda, roca jer kidev sacole iyo. saxls Sesasvleli sxva quCidan hqonda, da SevamC­

nie, rom misi saxeli damviwynoda da rom misi cnobierSi dabruneba mxolod SemovliTi

240

zigmund froidi

gzebis meSveobiT SemeZlo. saxeli maTe, romelTanac gaCerebuli var, CemTvis, ese igi,

Casanacvlebeli saxelia quCis daviwyebuli saxelisaTvis. amisaTvis is ufro Sesaferi­

sia, vidre saxeli kaufmani, radgan maTe marto sakuTari saxelia, kaufmani 17 ki _ ara,

da daviwyebul quCasac sakuTari saxelis mixedviT hqvia: radecki.

10) winamdebare SemTxveva SemeZlo SemdgomSi gansaxilvel `SecdomebSic~ Camesva,

Tumca mas aqve moviyvan, radgan is bgeriTi mimarTebebi, romelTa safuZvelzec sityvis

Canacvleba xdeba, gansakuTrebiT mkafioa. erTi pacienti qali miyveba Tavis sizmars:

viRac bavSvma gadawyvita, gvelis nakbeniT moiklas Tavi. mas es gadawyvetileba sis­

ruleSi mohyavs. qali uyurebs, Tu rogor ikrunCxeba is da a.S. axla ki me mas vTavazob,

rom sizmari daakavSiros winadRiT gancdilTan. maSinve axsendeba, rom guSin saRamos

gvelis mier kbenis SemTxvevaSi pirveladi daxmarebis Sesaxeb sajaro leqcias mous­

mina. Tu gvelma erTdroulad dakbina ufrosi da bavSvi, maSin pirvel rigSi bavSvis

iara unda damuSavdes. igi ixsenebs, Tu ra instruqciebi misca maT momxsenebelma. mas

uTqvams, rom Zalian bevria damokidebuli imaze, Tu romeli saxeoba gikbens. aq me

mas vawy vetineb da vekiTxebi: man ar giTxraT, rom Cvens mxareSi Zalian cota Sxamiani

gvelia da romlebia saSiSi? `ki, man gansakuTrebiT Cxriala gvelze (Klapperschlange)

gaamaxvila yuradReba.~ Cemi sicili mas axvedrebs, rom raRac araswori Tqva. magram

is axla sa xels ki ar asworebs, aramed ukan miaqvs naTqvami. `marTlac, is xom Cvens mxa­

reSi ar aris, aspitze laparakobda is kaci. mainc ram maTqmevina Cxriala gveli?~ me

vvaraudob, rom im azrebis zegavleniT, romelic sizmris ukan iyo damaluli. gvelis

nakbeniT TviTmkvleloba sxva araferi SeiZleba iyos, Tu ara miniSneba mSvenier kleo­

patraze. orive sityvis sakmaod didi bgeriTi msgavseba, `kl..p...r~­asoebis erTnair

rigiTobaSi da `a~­asoze aqcentirebaSi Tanxvedra SeuZlebelia ver SeamCnio. Cxriala

gvelsa (Klapperschlange 18) da kleopatras Soris mimarTeba masSi wamierad msjelobis

unaris daqveiTebas iwvevs, ris Sedegadac igi im gancxadebaSi, rom momxsenebelma venis

publikas Cxriala gvelis nakbenebis movla aswavla, verafer ucnaurs ver xedavs. ise,

man iseve kargad icis, rogorc me, rom am saxis gveli Cvens faunas ar miekuTvneba. arc

imaSi davZraxavT mas, rom ver moisazra Cxriala gvelis egvipteSi lokalizeba, radgan

Cven miCveulebi varT, yvelafer gareevropuls, egzotikurs erTad movuyaroT Tavi,

da mec ki raRac garkveuli dro damWirda, sanam is azri gamovTqvi, rom Cxriala gveli

mxolod axal miwas miekuTvneba.

analizis msvlelobasTan erTad kidev bevri damadasturebeli argumenti iCens

Tavs. sizmris mnaxvelma guSin pirvelad daaTvaliera misi binis axlos Straseris mier

dadgmuli antoniusis skulptura. es iyo, ese igi, sizmris meore sababi (pirveli gve­

lis nakbenebze leqcia iyo). sizmris gagrZelebaSi is viRac bavSvs arwevda, razec mas

gretheni gaaxsenda. imas, rac Semdgom axsendeba, `ariasa da mesalinaze~ moaqvT remi­

241

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

niscenciebi. sizmarSi piesebidan amdeni saxelis gamoCena ukve gvafiqrebinebs, rom

sizmris mnaxveli adreul wlebSi msaxiobis karieraze ocnebobda.

sizmris dasawyisi: `erTma bavSvma gadawyvita, sicocxle gvelis nakbeniT daes­

rulebina~, sxvas marTla arafers niSnavs, Tu ara imas, rom pacients bavSvobaSi ganz­

raxuli hqonda, odesme cnobili msaxiobi gamosuliyo. saxel mesalinadan im azrTa na­

kads, romelsac sizmris arsebiT Sinaarsamde mivhyavdiT, ukve sxva mimarTuleba aqvs.

bolo drois garkveulma SemTxvevebma is sazrunavi gauCines, rom mis erTaderT Zmas

SeiZleba maTi wrisTvis Seuferebeli araarieli coli moeyvana, anu mezaliansSi (Me-saliance) Sesuliyo.

11) minda erTi sruliad umanko da, motivaciis mxriv SeiZleba CvenTvis sakmaris

doneze auxsneli, magaliTic moviyvano, radgan is sruliad gamWvirvale meqanizms

gviCvenebs:

italiaSi mogzaur erT germanels dasWirda Rvedi (riemen), Tavisi dazianebuli Ce­

modani rom Seekra. leqsikoni RvedisaTvis italiur sityva `coreggia~­s awvdis. is miiC­

nevs, am sityvas advilad davimaxsovrebo mxatvris (korejos) saxelze fiqriT. Semdeg

maRaziaSi midis da iTxovs: una ribera.

rogorc Cans, mas ar gamouvida, mexsierebaSi germanuli sityva italiuriT Cae­

nacvlebina, magram mis garjas mTlad amaod mainc ar Cauvlia. man icoda, rom mxatvris

saxels unda mihyoloda, da ase igi im mxatvris saxels ki ar miadga, romelic saWiro

italiur sityvas hgavs, aramed sxvas, romelic germanul sityva riemen­s (Rveds) uax­

lovdeba. bunebrivia, SemeZlo es magaliTi rogorc saxelTmaviwyobis ise mcdarTqmis

SemTxvevebSic Camesva.

roca am naweris pirveli gamocemisaTvis mcdarTqmis magaliTebs vagrovebdi, ise

moviqeci, rom yvela SemTxveva, romlebze dakvirvebac SemeZlo, maT Soris yvelaze nak­

lebad STambeWdavebic ki, analizs davuqvemdebare. mas Semdeg bevrma sxvam itvirTa es

saxaliso jafa, mcdarTqmebi epovna da gaeanalizebina, da amgvrad iseT mdgomareoba

Semiqmnes, rom SemiZlia ufro mdidari masalidan amovarCio magaliTebi.

12) erTi axalgazrda kaci eubneba mis das: d.­ebTan ukve mTlianad gavwyvite urT­

ierToba, aRarc ki vesalmebi. misi da pasuxobs: saerTod, saeWvo zasogadoebaa. mas un­

doda eTqva: sazogadoeba, magram man kidev ori ram Caatia metyvelebis am SecdomaSi, is,

rom erT dros mis Zmas Tavad hqonda am ojaxis qaliSvilTan flirti, da rom am gogoze

ambobdnen, bolo dros seriozul, sruliad gaugonar sasiyvarulo istoriaSi aris

gaxveulio.

13) axalgazrda kaci quCaSi erT qalbatons Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTavs: `neba mo­

meciT, qaliSvilo, gagamciroT..~ is aSkarad fiqrobda, rom siamovnebiT gaacilebda

mas, magram eSinoda, rom am SeTavazebiT qaliSvils daamcirebda. is, rom am orma urTi­

242

zigmund froidi

erTsawinaaRmdego grZnobam erT sityvaSi _ swored am mcdarTqmaSi _ hpova gamoxatu­

leba, imaze miuTiTebs, rom axalgazrda kacis namdvili ganzraxvebi mTlad wminda ar

iyo da mas Tavad unda mosCveneboda isini damamcireblad am qalis winaSe. xolo, roca

igi qalisagan swored amis damalvas cdilobda, misma qvecnobierma is oini gaukeTa, rom

Tavisi namdvili ganzraxva gasca, riTic, meores mxriv, man qals Semdegi sazogadod

gavrcelebuli pasuxiT daaswro: `rogor ggoniaT, riTi SegiZliaT exla damamciroT?~

(magaliTi momawoda o. rankma.)

zog magaliTi momyavs 1904 wlis 4 ianvars v. Stekelis mier `berliner tageblatSi~

gamoqveynebuli statiidan `qvecnobieri aRiarebebi~.

14) `Cemi qvecnobieri fiqrebis erT patara usiamovno nawils aaSkaravebs Semdegi

magaliTi. imTaviTve igulisxmeba, rom Cems saeqimo praqtikaSi moxveWis surviliAT ara­

sodes viyavi Sepyrobili da mudam avadmyofis interesebi maqvs TvalTaxedvis areSi,

rac, ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad cxadi ambavia. vimyofebi erT qalTan, romelsac, mZime

avadmyofobis Semdeg, gamojanmrTelebis stadiaSi rogorc eqimi daxmarebas vuwev.

erTad bevri rTuli dRe da Rame gadavitaneT. bednieri var, mas ukeTes mdgomareo­

baSi rom vxedav, vuxatav abaciaSi dasvenebis mTel netarebebs da vamateb: `Tu Tqven,

rogorc vimedovneb, loginidan male ar wamodgebiT...~ aSkarad qvecnobieris egois­

turi motividan warmoiSva is, rom kidev didxans SemZleboda am mdidari avadmyofis

mkurnaloba, iseTi survilidan, romelic Cemi fxizeli cnobierebisTvis sruliad

ucxoa da romelsac darcxvenili uarvyofdi.~

15) sxva magaliTi (v. Stekeli). `Cemi coli naSuadRevisaTvis mosamsaxured erT

frang qals iyvans da unda, rom, pirobebze SeTanxmebamde, misi dokumentebi daitovos.

frangi sTxovs, rom isini daubronos, Semdegi sababiT: `Je cherche encore pour les apres­

mi dis, pardon, pour les avant­midis~ 19. rogorc Cans, mas ganzraxuli hqonda, sxvaganac

mimoexeda da iqneb ukeTesi pirobebi mieRo _ ganzraxva, romelic man Seasrula kide­

vac.~

16) (dr. Stekeli) `erTi qalisaTvis leviaTani unda wamekiTxa da misi qmari, rom­

lis TxovniTac xdeboda es, kars ukan dgas da gviyuradebs. qadagebis bolos, romelmac

aSkarad moaxdina STabeWdileba, me vambob: `xels emTxvie, mowyaleo batono!~ amiT

saqmeSi Caxeduli unda mimxvdariyo, rom es sityvebi im batonisadmi iyo mimarTuli da

rom me es mis gamo warmovTqvi.~

17) dr. Stekeli Tavis Tavze yveba, rom erT dros or triestel pacients mkurnalob­

da, romlebsac is yovelTvis erTmaneTis saxelebiT esalmeboda. `dila mSvidobisa, ba­

tono peloni~, _ veubnebodi askolis, _ `dila mSvidobisa, batono askoli~, _ pelo­

nis. is Tavidan aranair ufro Rrma motivacias ar miawerda am arevas da amas mxolod

orive batonis mravali saerTo niSniT xsnida. Tumca, advili gaxda misi darwmuneba,

243

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

rom aq saxelebis es areva erTgvar kudabzikobas Seesabameboda, romliTac, SesaZloa,

Tavisi orive italieli pacientisTvis surda eTqva, rom igi araa erTaderTi trieste­

li, romelic venaSi Camodis, raTa mas samedicino rCeva hkiTxos.

18) Tavad dr. Stekeli ambobs erT xmaurian generalur Sekrebaze: gadavCxubvarT

(gadavdivarT) dRis wesrigis meoTxe punqtze.

19) wardgenis sityvaSi erTma profesorma Tqva: `me ar mivdgebi (gamovdgebi) Cemi

didad pativsacemi winamorbedis damsaxurebaTa CamoTvlas.~

20) dr. Stekeli eubneba qalbatons, romelTanac bazedovis daavadebas eWvobs:

`Tqven erTi CiyviT (TaviT) maRali xarT Tqvens daze.~

21) dr. Stekeli yveba: viRacas surs aRweros ori megobris urTierToba, romelTa­

gan erTerTi unda daxasiaTdes rogorc ebraeli. is ambobs: isini ise iyvnen erTad ro­

gorc kastori da polaki. 20 es srulebiTac ar iyo xumroba, mosaubrem verc ki SeamCnia

es mcdarTqma da mxolod me mivapyrobine mas amaze yuradReba.

22) xandaxan erTi mcdarTqma mTeli zedmiwevniTi daxasiaTebis saqmes akeTebs. axal­

gazrda qalbatoni, romelic saxlSi ufrosobs, Tavis avadmyof qmarze miyveba, rom is

eqimTan iyo, raTa misTvis saWiro dietaze ekiTxa. eqmis uTqvams, rom es ar aris mniSv­

nelovani. `mas SeuZlia Wamos da svas, rac me minda.~

T. raikis momdevno magaliTebi (fsiqoanalizis saerTaSoriso Jurnali, III, 1915) is­

eTi situaciebidanaa aRebuli, roca mcdarTqma gansakuTrebiT advilad xdeba, radgan

ufro meti unda iqnas daTrgunuli, vidre unda Tqmuliyo.

23) erTi batoni axalgazrda qalbatons, romlis qmaric cota xnis win gardaicvala,

samZimars ucxadebs da miugebs: `nugeSs hpovebT imaSi, rom mTlianad Tqvens bavSvebs

miuqvrebT Tavs.~ daTrgunuli azri sxvagvar nugeSze miuTiTebs: axlagazrda qvrivi

male axal seqsualur siamovnebas miiRebs.

24) igive batoni imave qalbatons saRamos Sekrebil sazogadoebaSi im did samzadiseb­

ze esaubreba, romlebic berlinSi aRdgomis dResaswaulisaTvis imarTeba, da ekiTxeba:

`naxeT dRes verThaimis vitrinaSi reebia gamodebuli? sul dekoltirebulia.~ mas ar

hqonda ufleba, mSvenieri qalis dekolteTi aRfrTovaneba xmamaRla gamoeTqva, axla

ki ukugdebulma azrma Tavisi gaitana, saqonlis vitrinis dekoraciis dekoltirebad

gadaqceviT, raSic sityva `gamodebuli~ aracnobierad ormagi datvirTiT iqna gamoye­

nebuli.

igive exeba im dakvirvebasac, romlis gadmocemac surs dr. hans zaqss:

25) ̀ erTi qalbatoni Cvens saerTo nacnobze miyveba, rom, bolos rom vnaxe, iseve el­

eganturad iyo gamowyobili rogorc yovelTvis da gansakuTrebiT lamazi, yavisferi

naxevrad daxuruli fexsacmeli ecvao. Cems kiTxvaze, Tu sad naxa igi, qalma mipasuxa:

`man Cemi saxlis karis zari dareka da me is CamoSvebuli Jaluzebidan davinaxe. magram

244

zigmund froidi

arc kari gamiRia da arc sicocxlis raime niSani mimicia, radgan ar mindoda gaego, rom

ukve qalaqSi viyavi.~ mosmenisas vfiqrob, rom is raRacas mimalavs, albaT swored imas,

rom, man kari ar gaaRo, radgan marto ar iyo da stumris misaRebad Sesa ferisad Cacmu­

li ar iyo, da cotaTi ironiulad vkiTxe: `ese igi daxuruli Jaluzebidan SeZeliT misi

saxlebrad... naxevrad daxuruli fexsacmliT damtkbariyaviT?~ `saxlis fexsacmelSi~

mis saxlis tanisamosze Sekavebuli fiqri gamoaSkaravda. meore mxriv ki, sityva ̀ naxevr­

is~ moSorebis moTxovnileba imitom gaCnda, rom swored am sityvaSi ido ukugdebuli

pasuxis arsi: `Tqven mxolod naxevar simarTles meubnebiT da mimalavT, rom mxolod

naxevrad iyaviT Cacmuli.~ es mcdarTqma imiTac iyo gamowveuli, rom zustad manamde

Cven zemoTxsenebuli kacis col­qmrul cxovrebaze, ̀ ojaxur bednierebaze~ vsaubrob­

diT, rac mis personaze gadasvlaSi ganmsazRvreli iyo. da bolos unda vaRiaro, rom

SeiZleba Cemma Surmac imoqmeda, roca es eleganturi batoni saxlis fexsacmelebiT

gamovaWene quCaSi; mec viyide amaswinaT yavisferi naxevrad daxuruli fexsacmelebi,

romlebic ukve namdvilad aRar arian `gansakuTrebiT lamazi~.

dRevandeli omis msgavs periodebs iseT mcdarTqmaTa mTeli wyeba moaqvT, romelTa

gagebac aranair siZneles ar warmoadgens.

26) `romel batalionSi imyofeba Tqveni vaJi?~ ­ ekiTxebian erT qalbatons. is pa­

suxobs: `42­e mkvlelebSi (mcvelebSi).~

27) leitenanti henrik haimani brZolis velidan iwereba: `me damatyvevebeli wig­

nis kiTxvas mwyveten, rom cota xniT radisti Sevcvalo. xelmZRvanelobis mier mZime

teqnikis sadgomis Semowmebaze ase vreagireb: kontroli sworia, kavSiris siwynare.

reglamentis mixedviT ase unda yofiliyo: kontroli sworia, kavSiris dasasruli.

Cemi wacdena im gaRizianebiT aixsneba, rom kiTxvaSi Semawuxes.~ (fsiqoanalizis saerT.

Jurn., IV, 1916/17.)

28) feldfebeli arigebs jars, rom zustad gaagzavnon TavianTi misamarTebi sa­

xlebSi, raTa maTi qoni (qoneba) gzaSi ar daikargos.

29) am araCveulebriv da Tavisi Zalian samwuxaro warsulis mqone mniSvnelovan mag­

aliTs me dr. l. SCeSCeris monayols vumadli, romelmac, omis dros neitralur Svei­

cariaSi yofnisas, es dakvirveba gaakeTa da amomwuravad gaaanaliza. mis monaTxrobs aq

patara, SedarebiT araarsebiTi nawilebis gamotovebiT gadmogcemT:

`Tavs uflebas mivcem, `mcdarTqmis~ erT SemTxvevaze mogiyveT, romelic baton

profesor m. n.­s o.­Si amJamad ukve dasrulebuli zafxulis semestris dros SegrZne­

baTa fsiqologiaze leqciis kiTxvisas gaepara. winaswarve unda gacnoboT, rom es

leqciebi universitetis darbazSi frangi internirebuli omis tyveebisa da umetes

SemTxvevaSi antantis momxre frangebisa da Sveicarielebisgan Semdgari studentobis

winaSe ikiTxeboda. o.­Si, rogorc TviTon safrangeTSi, sityva boche amJamad mxolod

245

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

germanelis aRsaniSnavad ixmareba. Tumca Ria yrilobebze, iseve rogorc leqciebze da

amisTanebze msxvili moxeleebi, profesorebi da sxva pasuxismgebeli pirebi cdilo­

ben, neitralitetis gamo, am av sityvas moeridon.

amasobaSi profesori n. imiT iyo dakavebuli, rom afeqtebis praqtikuli mniSv­

neloba gaerCia, da ganizraxa, erTi magaliTis citireba moexdina romeliRac afeqtis

mizanmimarTuli gamoyenebisTvis, raTa kunTebis TavisTavad uintereso samuSao pozi­

tiuri grZnobebiT daetvirTa da amgvarad ufro intensiurad gamoekveTa. amisaTvis

igi moyva, ra Tqma unda frangulad, sayovelTao germanuli gazeTidan aqaur gazeTeb­

Si gadmobeWdili ambavs germaneli maswavleblis Sesaxeb, romelmac Tavis moswavleebs

baRSi muSaobisas stimulis misacemad ubrZana, warmoedginaT, TiTqos TiToeuli goji

miwis nacvlad frangis Tavis qalas apobdnen. am ambis moyolisas n., ra Tqma unda, yov­

elTvis, roca germanelze iyo saubari, sruliad koreqtulad ambobda Allemand­s da

ara boche­s. Tumca, roca Tavisi istoriis puantesTan mivida, maswavleblis sityvebi

man Semdegnairad gadmoTqva: `Imaginez vouz, qu’en chaque moche vous ecrasez le crane d’un Francais.~ eseigi, motte­s (goji) nacvlad _ moche! (maxinji.)

xom aSkaraa, rogor ahyavs koreqtul swavluls Txrobis dawyebidanve Tavi xelSi,

rom ar minebdes Cvevas da, SeiZleba iTqvas, cdunebasac, da is mTavrobis brZanebiTac

ki mkacrad uaryofili sityva universitetis darbazis kaTedridan ar wamoroSvas!

da swored im momentSi, roca man bednierad bolojer sruliad koreqtulad Tqva

`instituteur allemand ~ da Sinaganad amosunTqviT uproblemo dasasrulisaken miiCqa­

ris, wvalebiT ukugdebuli is sityva miekroba sityva motte­s msgavs JReradobas da _

ubedurebac xdeba. politikuri utaqtobis SiSi, SeiZleba ukugdebuli survilic, es

Cveuli da yvelas mier gamoyenebuli sityva mainc exmara, iseve rogorc suliT xor­

camde respub­likelisa da demokratis Sinagani janyi azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmis

nebis mieri saxis SezRudvis winaaRmdeg magaliTis koreqtulad gadmocemaze mimar­

Tul mTavar ganzraxvasTan inteferireben. interferirebis es tendencia mosaubri­

saTvis cnobilia da _ sxvanairad es arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo _ zustad mcdarTq­

mamde igi amaze fiqrobda.

profesorma n.­m Tavisi es mcdarTqma ver SeamCnia, yovel SemTxvevaSi, man is ar

Se aswora, rac, wesiT, maSinve xdeba avtomaturad. samagierod lafsusi ZiriTadad

frangebisgan Semdgarma auditoriam didi siamovnebiT miiRo da sruliad ganzraxuli

sityvieri xumrobis STabeWdileba datova. me ki am TiTqos uxifaTo movlenas namdvili

Sinagani mRelvarebiT mivyvebodi. radgan, TavisTavad cxadi mizezebis gamo ar unda

damesva profesorisaTvis fsiqoanalitikuri meTodis codniT gamowveuli akviate­

buli kiTxvebi, es mcdarTqma CemTvis sabuTi iyo, rom Tqveni moZRvreba cdomilebaTa

gansazRvrulobis Sesaxeb marTebulia da mcdarTqmasa da xumrobas Soris Rrma analo­

246

zigmund froidi

gia da urTierTkavSiri arsebobs.~

aqedan metyvelebis im darRvevebamde mivdivarT, romlebic aRar aRiqmebian ro­

gorc mcdarTqma, radgan ara ubralod calkeul sityvas, aramed mTeli frazis riTmsa

da mimdevrobas moicaven, rogorc, magaliTad, uxerxulobaSi enis dabma da waborZikeba.

magram aqac da iqac es raRac Sinagani konfliqtia, romelic metyvelebis darRvevaSi

vlindeba. ara mgonia, vinmes raime wascdes mis aRmatebulebasTan audienciis dros,

seriozuli sasiyvarulo paemanis dros, naficTa winaSe Rirsebisa da saxelis dasacavad

warmoTqmuli sityvis dros, mokled, yvela im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac pirovneba mTlianad

CarTulia. stilis Sefasebisasac, rogoriTac avtori wers, SegviZlia da miCveulni

varT, axsnis is principi gavataroT, romelsac metyvelebis TiToeuli Secdomidan

daskvnis gamoyvanisasac ki ver veleviT. weris cxadi da araorazrovani manera gveubneba,

rom aq avtori Tavis TavTan srul TanxmobaSia, xolo sadac naZaladev da natanj

winadadebas vpoulobT, iseTs, romelic, rogorc amboben, mets gulisxmobs, vidre

ambobs, aq SegviZlia raime arasakmarisad dasrulebuli, rTuli azris monawileoba an

da avtoris mier Tavis kritikis gaguduli xma SevicnoT. 21

Tavi meeqvse

mcdarkiTxva da mcdarwera

is, rom kiTxvis da weris dros daSvebuli SecdomebisaTvis igive Tvalsazrisebi da

SeniSvnebia qmediTi, rac metyvelebis SecdomebisaTvis, am funqciaTa Sinagani naTesa­

obis fonze gasakviri ar aris. me aq imiT Semovifarglebi, rom yuradRebiT gaanalize­

buli ramdenime magaliTi gadmogceT, da ar Sevecdebi, movlenaTa mTlianoba movicva.

a) mcdarkiTxva

1) yavis saxlSi `laipciguri ilustrirebulis~ erTi nomeri gadavSale, romelic

iribad miWiravs, da am gverdze gadaWimuli suraTis saTaurad vkiTxulob: saqorwilo

zeimi odiseaSi. yuradRebagamaxvilebuli da gaocebuli furcels sworad viWer da vas­

woreb: saqorwilo zeimi an der ostsee.22 rogor momivida kiTxvis es suleluri Secdoma?

Cemi azrebi maSinve garbian ruTis erTi wignisaken _ `eqsperimentuli gamokvlevebi

musikaluri fantomebisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb~, romelsac bolo dros did yuradRebas

vuTmobdi, radgan Cem mier ganxilul fsiqologiur problemebs exeba. avtori Semd­

247

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

gomisTvis gvpirdeba nawarmoebs, romelsac `sizmris fenomenis analizi da safuZvel­

Ta kanonebi~ erqmeva. araa gasakviri, rom me, romelmac axlaxans gamoveci `sizmrebis

axs na~, udidesi RelviT veli am wigns. musikaluri fantomebis Sesaxeb ruTis nawerSi

win gamotanil sarCevSi vipove im dawvrilebiTi induqciuri dasabuTebis winmswrebi

ganacxadi, rom Zvel elinur miTebsa da Tqmulebebs mTvaravi safuZveli Tvlemisa da

musikalur fantomebSi, sizmris fenomenebsa da aseve deliriebSi aqvT. maSin im wamsve

gadavSale teqsti, rom gamerkvia, dahyavs Tu ara mas odisevsis nausikaasTan gaCenis

scena, siSiSvlis Cveul sizmarze. erTma Cemma megobarma mimiTiTa g. keleris `mwvane

hainrixSi~ erT lamaz adgilze, romelic odiseis am epizods xsnis rogorc samSob­

losagan Sors moxetiale mezRvauris sizmrebis obieqtivacias; me, Cemi mxriv `eqzi­

biciur~ sizmarTan davakavSire (me­8 gamoc. S. 170). ruTTan amis msgavsi veraferi vnaxe.

am SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cans, prioritetuli azrebi mawuxebda.

2) rogor mivedi iqamde, rom erT dRes gazeTSi wamekiTxa: `evropaSi fexiT mkasri~,

nacvlad mgzavrisa? amisi axsna didi xnis manZilze sirTuleebs miqmnida. Tumca Semd­

gomi fiqrebi imaze mianiSnebdnen, rom diogenes kasri unda yofiliyo nagulisxmevi,

da xelovnebis istoriaSi cota xnis win aleqsandres droindel xelovnebaze wamekiTxa

raRaceebi. amdenad, araa gasakviri, rom aleqsandres cnobil gamoTqmaze mefiqra:

aleqsandre rom ar vyofiliyavi, diogened yofnas varCevdio. aseve vinme herman cai­

tungis Sesaxeb amomitivtivda raRaceebi, romelic yuTSi CafuTuli mogzaurobda.

mag ram urTierTkavSiris dasadgenad meti veRaraferi xerxdeboda, da verc is SevZeli,

xelovnebis istoriaSi is gverdi mepovna, romelzec Tavis droze is SeniSvna momxve­

droda TvalSi. mxolod Tveebis Semdeg gamaxsenda es ganze gadadebuli gamocana, da

amjerad axsnac mohyva. momagonda gazeTis erT statiaSi wakiTxuli SeniSvna imis Tao­

baze, Tu gadaadgilebis ra ucnaur xerxebs mimarTaven adamianebi, raTa parizSi moxvd­

nen msoflio gamofenaze, da iq, rogorc maxsovs, xumrobiT isic iyo naTqvami, rom erT

batons is ganzraxvac ki aqvs, sxva batonis mier gagorebuli kasriT igoros parizamde.

am xalxs, ra Tqma unda sxva aranairi motivi ar hqonda, garda aseTi sisuleleebiT yu­

radRebis miqcevisa. herman caitungi (germanulad caitungi gazeTs niSnavs), marTlac

iyo im kacis saxeli, romelmac gadaadgilebis aseTi uCveulo gzis pirveli magaliTi

aCvena. Semdeg gamaxsenda, rom erTxel vmkurnalobdi pacients, romelsac gazeTebis

mimarT avadmyofuri SiSi hqonda. es SiSi iyo reaqcia avadmyofur pativmoyvareoba­

ze _ survilze, enaxa Tavisi saxeli gazeTSi. aleqsandre makedoneli albaT erTer­

Ti yvelaze pativmoyvare adamiani iyo kacobriobis istoriaSi. igi xom Cioda, rom

versad ipovida meore homeross, romelic mis sagmiro saqmeebs Seasxamda xotbas. mag­

ram rogor SemeZlo imaze ar mefiqra, rom sxva aleqsnadre ufro axlos dgas CemTan,

rom aleqsandre Cemi umcrosi Zmis saxelia! me maSinve vipove usiamovno da gandevnis

248

zigmund froidi

saWiroebis mqone fiqri am aleqsandresTan mimarTebaSi da amis uSualo mizezi. Cemi Zma

tarifebisa da transportis specialistia, da Tavisi samaswavleblo saqmianobisaT­

vis male erT komerciul umaRles saswavlebelSi profesoris titulic unda mieRo.

aseTive Tanamdebobaze gadayvanaze igive universitetSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi mec vi­

yavi wardgenili, Tumca uSedegod. dedaCveni gakvirvebas gamoTqvamda imaze, rom misi

umcrosi vaJi ufro male xdeboda profesori, vidre ­ ufrosi. aseTi viTareba iyo im

dros, roca kiTxvis SecdomisaTvis axsnas ver vpulobdi. mere Cem ZmasTan dakavSire­

biTac warmoiqmna sirTuleebi; misi Sansebi, profesori gamxdariyo, Cemsas CamorCa. aq

ki uceb ganmicxadda mcdarkiTxulis azri; ise gamovida, TiTqos Zmis Sansebis Semcire­

bam dabrkoleba momixsna. ise miveqeci, TiTqos gazeTSi Zmis daniSvnaze vkiTxulobdi

da am dros Tavs veubnebodi: ucnauria, rom aseTi sisuleleebisaTvis (rogoric misi

profesiaa) SeiZleba Senze gazeTSi daweron! (e. i. profesoroba moganiWon). Semdeg

aleqsandres droindeli elinisturi xelovnebis Sesaxeb is adgili wvalebis gareSe

gadavSale da gaognebuli davrwmundi, rom wina Zebnis dros am gverdze ganmeorebiT

vkiTxulobdi da yovel jerze, rogorc raRac negatiuri halucinaciis Zalauflebis

qveS, am winadadebas vaxtebodi. igi arafer iseTs ar Seicavda, rac axsnaSi damexmare­

boda, rac daviwyebis Rirsi iqneboda. vgulisxmob imas, rom wignSi saWiro adgilis ver­

povnis simptomi mxolod CemTvis gza­kvalis asarevad iyo Seqmnili. azrTa kavSiris

gagrZeleba iq unda meZebna, sadac Cems Ziebas gzaSi dabrkoleba dauxvda, anu aleqs­

nadre makedonelis Sesaxeb raime ideaSi, da amiT igive saxelis mqone Zmas rac SeiZleba

saimedod avcdenodi. es mSvenivradac moxerxda; me mTeli Zalisxmeva imaze movmarTe,

rom xelovnebis istoriaSi dakarguli adgili mepovna isev.

sityva `gadaadgilebis~ orazrovneba am SemTxvevaSi asociaciuri xidi iyo or komp­

leqss Soris, umniSvnelos ­ romelsac gazeTis nota aRZravs _ da ufro sainteresos,

magram usiamovnos Soris, romelic aq wasakiTxis darRvevaSi xdeba qmediTi. am magali­

Tidan Cans, rom yovelTvis ar aris advili, kiTxvis am Secdomis magvari SemTxvevebi

axsna. xandaxan isic gviwevs, rom gamocanis axsna ufro xelsayreli droisaTvis gadav­

doT. magram rac ufro rTulia axsnis samuSao, miT ufro mosalodnelia, rom bolos

da bolos aRmoCenili xelSemSleli fiqri Cveni cnobieri azrovnebis mier ucxod da

winaaRmdegobrivad Sefasdeba.

3) erT dRes venis maxlobeli adgilidan werils viReb, romelic Tavzardamcem

ambavs iuwyeba. Cems colsac maSinve vurekav da movuwodeb gaiziaros sawyali qalba­

toni vilhelm m.­s ase mZimed daavadeba, romlis gadarCenis imedi eqimebs aRar aqvT.

magram sityvebSi, romlebiTac wuxili Sevmose, raRacas yalbad unda eJRera, radgan

Cemi coli eWvdeba, werilis naxvas iTxovs da darwmunebiT ambobs, rom ase ar SeiZle­

boda yofiliyo iq dawerili, radgan aravin moixseniebs qals Tavisi qmris saxeliT, da

249

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

rom, amas garda, werilis avtorisaTvis qalis saxeli Zalian kargad iyo cnobili. me

Cems azrs jiutad vicav da savizito baraTebis im miRebul formaze mivuTiTeb, roca

qali Tavisi qmris saxels iyenebs. sabolood werilis aReba miwevs, da Cven marTlac

vkiTxulobT `sawyali batoni v. m.~, da kidev ufro meti, rac saerTod gamomrCenoda:

`sawyali batoni dr. v. m.~. Cemi Secdoma erTgvar sasowarkveTil mcdelobas warmoad­

gens, samwuxaro axali ambis simZime kacidan qalze gadavitano. artikls, epiTetsa da

saxels Soris Securebuli wodeba ar uxdeba im moTxovnas, rom aq qali unda igulisx­

mebodes. amitom kiTxvis drois is saerTod amovarda. xolo, am gayalbebis motivi is ki

ar iyo, rom qali naklebad mesimpaTiureboda vidre kaci, aramed am sawyali kacis beds

Cemi Relva sxva, axlobeli pirovnebis garSemo gaemZafrebina, romelsac avadmyofobis

am SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebuli CemTvis nacnobi viTarebebi hqonda saerTo.

4) gamaRizianebeli da sasaciloa CemTvis erTi mcdarkiTxva, romelic xSirad mom­

dis, roca ardadegebis dros ucxo qalaqis quCebSi vseirnob. yvela maRaziis abras

vkiTxulob rogorc antikvars, Tu isini amas ramenairad Camogvanan. amaSi koleqcio­

neris Tavgadasavlis Jini vlindeba.

b) mcdarwera

1) furcelze, romelzec met­wilad samsaxureobrivi interesis mokle dRiuri

Canawerebia, Cemda gasakvirad, seqtembris Tvis swor TariRiebs Soris vpoulob mcdar­

weril TariRs _ `xuTSabaTi, 20. oqt.~. ar aris rTuli am anticipaciis, survilis gamo­

xatulebis axsna. sul ramdenime dRis dabrunebuli var saSvebulebo mogzaurobidan

da Tavs mzad vgrZnob datvirTuli saeqimo saqmianobisaTvis, Tumca pacientTa ricxvi

jer isev cotaa. dabrunebisas erTi avadmyofi qalbatonis werili vnaxe, romelic iu­

wyeboda, rom 20 oqtombers movidoda. roca dRis igive ricxvi seqtemberSi CaviniSne,

albaT unda mefiqra: neta X ukve aq yofiliyo; afsusia mTeli erTi Tve! da am fiqrebSi

TariRi win wavwie. damrRvev fiqrs am SemTxvevaSi aRmaSfoTebels namdvilad ver vu­

wodebT; samagierod, SevniSnav Tu ara maSinve momepoveba axsna weris SecdomisaTvis.

mTlianad analogiur da igivenairad motivirebul mcdarweras vimeoreb Semdegi wlis

Semodgomaze. _ e. jonsma TariRis werisas daSvebuli msgavsi Secdomebi Seiswavla da

umravles SemTxvevaSi advilad motivirebadad aRiara.

2) viReb `nevrologiisa da fsiqiatriis wliuri uwyebisaTvis~ Cem mier dawerili

statiis koreqturas da, ra Tqma unda, gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT avtorTa sa­

xelebi unda Sevasworo, romlebic, sxvadasxva erovnuli mikuTvnebis gamo, asoTam­

wyobs yovelTvis udides sirTuleebs uqmnis. zogierTi ucxod mJReri sityva marTla

Sesasworebelia, magram erTi saxeli, rac ar unda ucnauri iyos, asoTamwyobma Cemi

250

zigmund froidi

xelnaweris sawinaaRmdegod Seaswora, da sruliad marTebuladac. kerZod, me `burk­

rardi~ damewera, roca asoTamwyobma `burkhardi~ amoicno. erTi meanis naweri me Tavad

Semeqo rogorc damsaxurebuli naSromi. arc araferi mqonda misi avtoris sawinaaRm­

dego, magram igive saxels atarebs aseve erTi veneli mwerali, romelmac Cem `sizmrebis

axsnaze~ ugunuri kritikiT gamabraza. TiTqos saxel burkhardis dawerisas, romelic

meanze miuTiTebda, raRac cudi vifiqre meore b.­ze, mweralze, vinaidan saxelebis Set­

rialeba sakmaod xSirad, rogorc mcdarTqmaSi vaxsene, Seuracxyofas niSnavs23.

4) mcdarweris rogorc Cans ufro seriozuli SemTxveva, romelic aseTive warmate­

biT `wacdenaTa~ 24 rigsac SeiZleba mivaTvaloT:

ganzraxuli maqvs, fostis bankidan 300 kronis odenobis Tanxa gamoviwero, romelic

sakurorto daniSnulebisaTvis minda gavugzavno iq wasul naTesavs. amasTan vamCnev, rom

Cem angariSze 4380 kronaa da gadavwyvet, exla es Tanxa mrgval 4000 kronaze daviyvano,

romelic momdevno xanSi xelSeuxebeli unda darCes. mas Semdeg, rac Ceki mowesrigebu­

lad Sevavse da Tanxis Sesabamisi cifrebi gamovkveTe, uceb vamCnev, rom, rogorc min­

doda, 380 krona ki ara, aramed 438 gamoviwere, da Sevdrkebi sakuTari qmedebis arasan­

doobaze. SeSinebas male gaumarTleblad vcnob; me xom axla ar var ufro Raribi, vidre

manamde. Tumca karga xani miwevs imaze fiqri, Tu romelma zegavlenam daarRvia aq Cemi

pirveladi, Cemi cnobierebisTvis gacxadebis gareSe. Tavidan araswor gzebs vadgebi,

msurs orive ricxvi, 380 da 483 erTmaneTisgan ganvacalkevo, magram ar vici, ra vuyo am

gansxvavebas. bolos da bolos, uecari mosazreba miCvenebs namdvil urTierTkavSirs _

438 xom 4380 kronis mTliani angariSis aT procents Seesabameba! 10 % fasdakleba ki wig­

nis gamyidvelTan gvaqvs. maxsendeba, rom ramdenime dRis win same dicino nawarmoebebis

garkveuli raodenoba, romelTa mimarTac interesi davkarge, gamovarCie, raTa isini

wignebis gamyidvelisaTvis SemeTavazebina 300 kronad. mas moTxovna zedmetad Zvirad

eCvena da dampirda, rom Semdeg dReebSi saboloo pasuxs metyoda. Tu SeTavazebas mi­

iRebs, maSin swored im Tanxas aminazRaurebs, romelic avadmyofisaTvis unda gavce. ar

unda uarvyoT, rom es gacema mamwuxrebs. Cemi Secdomis gaazrebisas CarTuli afeqti

imis SiSiT ufro kargad aixsneba, aseTi xelgaSlilobiT ar gavRaribebuliyavi. magram

orive, am fulis gacemis Taobaze Relva da gaRaribebis masTan dakavSirebuli SiSi Cemi

cnobierebisaTvis sruliad ucxoa; es wuxili ar migrZvnia, roca am Tanxas Sevpirdi,

da amis motivacia sasacilod momeCveneboda. sakuTari TavisTvis aseTi sulieri moZ­

raobis miweras verc ki gavbedavdi, pacientebTan fsiqoanalizis praqtikis meSveobiT

sulieri cxovrebis gandevnil momentebSi sakmaod Caxeduli rom ar vyofiliyavi, da

ramdenime dRis win sizmari rom ar menaxa, romelic aseTive axsnas moiTxovda. 25

5) v. Stekelis mixedviT vaxden Semdegi SemTxvevis citirebas, romlis auTenturo­

baze Tavad vageb pasuxs: `mcdarwerisa da mcdarkiTxvis lamis daujerebeli magaliTi

251

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

moxda erTi gavrcelebuli sakvirao gazeTis redaqciaSi. mis xelmZRvanelobas saja­

rod uwodes `mosyidvadi~; axla saWiroa, amis gasaqarwylebeli da TavdacviTi statia

daiweros. asec moxda _ Tanac udidesi mxurvalebiTa da paTosiT. gazeTis mTavarma

redaqtorma waikiTxa statia, damwermac, ra Tqma unda, mravaljer _ TviTon xelnawer­

Si, mere kidev erTxel _ koreqturaSi, yvela Zalzed kmayofili iyo. uceb koreqtori

Cndeba da erT patara Secdomaze miuTiTebs, romelic yvelas gamoparvoda. iq garkveviT

ewera: `Cvens mkiTxvelebs mxolod imis Tqma SeuZliaT, rom Cven yovelTvis angarebiT

vibrZodiT sayovelTao keTildReobisaTvis.~ ra Tqma unda, `uangarod~ unda eweros.

magram namdvilma fiqrebma elementaruli ZaliT gamoaRwies am paTetikur sityvaSi.

vundti im advilad dadasturebadi faqtis aRsaniSnav dasabuTebas iZleva, rom Cven

ufro iolad mogvdis mcdarwera, vidre mcdarTqma. `Cveulebrivi saubris dros neba­

Si arsebuli damTrgunavi funqcia gamudmebiT imazea mimarTuli, rom warmodgenebis

mdinareba da artikulaciis moZraoba erTmaneTis SesatyvisobaSi moiyvanos. Tu war­

modgenebs moyolili gamoxatvis moZraoba meqanikuri mizezebiT Seneldeba, rogorc

werisas, maSin amgvari anticipaciebi gansakuTrebiT iolad gveufleba.~

im viTarebebze dakvirveba, romlebSiac mcdarkiTxva warmoiSoba, erTi eWvis safuZ­

vels gvaZlevs, romelic ar minda uxsenebeli davtovo, radgan igi, Cemi azriT, Zalian

nayofieri gamokvlevis amosaval wertilad SeiZleba gamodges. yvelasTvis cnobilia,

Tu ra xSirad tovebs xmamaRla kiTxvisas mkiTxvelis yuradReba teqsts da sakuTar az­

rebTan midis. yuradRebis am gadacdenis Sedegi arc Tu iSviaTad isaa Tu kiTxvas Seaw­

yvetinebT da gamokiTxavT, is saerTod ver getyviT, ras kiTxulobda, irkveva, rom is

avtomaturad, magram TiTqmis yovelTvis sworad kiTxulobda. ara mgonia, rom kiTx­

vis Secdomebi aseT viTarebebSi gansakuTrebulad izrdebodes. raRac funqciebi gan

miCveulni varT imis varauds, rom avtomaturad, e.i. lamis aranairi cnobieri yurad­

Rebis gareSe, isini yvelaze zustad xorcieldeba. aqedan TiTqos gamomdinareobs, rom

metyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris Secdomebis dros yuradRebis pirobebi sxvadasxvanai­

rad unda ganisazRvros, vidre es mocemuli gvaqvs vundtan (yu rad Rebis gamoTiSva an

minebeba). is magaliTebi, romlebic gavaanalizeT, ar gvaZleven imis uflebas, rom yu­

radRebis kvantitatiuri Semcireba vivaraudoT; Cven aRmovaCineT (rac albaT ar aris

igive) yuradRebis darRveva ucxo, pretenziis mqone azris meSveobiT.

252

zigmund froidi

1. es aris is zogadi gza, dafaruli warmosaxvis elementebis cnobierebaSi amosativtiveblad.

Sdr. Cemi `sizmris axsna~ (3. gamocema, gv. 71) (sruli Txz. tomi II/III).

2. am patara analizma didi yuradReba gamoiwvia literaturaSi da gacxovelebuli diskus­

iebi mohyva mas. e. bloileri cdilobda swored amiT maTematikurad aexsna fsiqoanali­

zuri axsna­ganmartebebis damajerebloba da daaskvna, rom am patara analizs ufro meti

damajerebloba aqvs, vidre aTasobiT arasadavo samedicino `miRwevebs~ da rom igi Tavis

gansakuTrebul adgils mxolod imis wyalobiT daimkvidrebs, rom jer kidev daCveuli ar

arian mecnierebaSi angariSi gauwion fsiqologiur sinamdviles (egocentristul­mouwes­

rigebeli azrovneba medicinaSi da misi gadalaxva. berlini. 1919).

3. ufro zusti dakvirveba odnav amcirebs kontrasts `siniorelisa~ da aliquis analizs

Soris CanacvlebiT gaxsenebasTan mimarTebaSi. aqac, rogorc Cans, daviwyebas Tan axlavs

sanacvlos warmoqmna. roca me Cems partniors damatebiT davusvi SekiTxva, daviwyebuli

sityvis sanacvlod raime sxva sityva xom ar gaxsendeba­meTqi mipasuxa, rom Tavdapirvelad

cduneba vigrZeni leqsSi CamerTo ab: nostris ab ossibus (albaT a liquis msgavsad), da Sem­

deg, exoriare gansakuTrebiT mkafiod da jiutad amekviatao. rogorc skeptikosma, daamata:

albaT imitom, rom es leqsis pirveli sityva iyoo. roca me mas vTxove, mainc miaqcieT yur­

adReba exoriare­s asociacias meTqi, eqsorcizmi daasaxela. aqedan gamomdinare, advilad

SemiZlia vifiqro, rom exoriare­s gaZlierebas reproduqciaSi msgavsi CanacvlebiTi war­

moqmnis mniSvneloba hqonda. igive moyveboda asociacias: eqsorcizmi wmindanTa saxelebi­

dan gamomdinareobs. am dros es aris is wvrilmani niuansebi, rasac mniSvneloba ar unda

mivaniWoT (P. Wilson: The impereceptible Obvious Revista de Psiquiatria, lima ianvari, 1922,

ki xazgasmiT aRiniSnavs, rom exoriare­s gaZlierebas sakmaod didi ganmartebiTi mniSvnelo­

ba eniWeba, radgan eqsorcizmi saukeTeso simboluri Canacvleba iqneboda abortis gziT

arasasurveli bavSvis gaCenis moSorebis fiqris sanacvlod. me am Sesworebas madlierebiT

miviReb, rac arafriT zians ar ayenebs analizis savaldebulobas). Tumca, SesaZlebelia,

rom raime sanacvlo gaxseneba warmoadgendes tendenciuri, SeviwroebiT motivirebuli

daviwyebis mudmiv, iqneb mxolod damaxasiaTebel da gamamJRavnebel niSans. am Canacvlebis

warmoqmnas adgili aqvs iqac, sadac ar xdeba araswori sanacvlo saxelebis amotivtiveba, im

elementis gasaZliereblad, romelic daviwyebulis mezoblad imyofeba. `siniorelis~ Sem­

TxvevaSi magaliTad, vidre mxatvris gvari CemTvis miuwvdomeli iyo, freskebis ciklis da

suraTis kuTxeSi datanebuli avtoportretis vizualuri gaxseneba Zalze mniSvnelovania,

yovel SemTxvevaSi, ufro intensiuri, vidre vizualuri gaxsenebis sxva kvali, sxva SemTx­

veva, romelic aseve miTiTebulia 1898 wlis statiaSi, erT­erT qalaqSi usiamovno viziti

mqonda. damaviwyda quCis saxeli, saxlis nomeri ki SesaniSnavad maxsovda, maSin, rodesac

cifrebis damaxsovreba CemTvis udides sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli.

253

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

4. `siniorelis~ SemTxvevaSi orive azrobriv wreSi Sinagani urTierTkavSiris ararsebobas

sruli dajerebulobiT ver davuwyeb mtkicebas, sikvdilis da sqesobrivi cxovrebis Te­

maze gaZevebuli fiqrebis ufro detaluri dakvirvebisas vawydebiT ideas, romelic axlo

SexebaSi modis orvietos freskebis TemasTan.

5. pativiT Sexvdebian ki mis mosvlas,

axla, roca yovel dRes raRac axali moaqvs?

radgan TviTon warmarTia da misianebic,

eseni ki qristianebi arian da monaTlulnic. (germ.)

6. pativiT ki Sexvdebian mis mosvlas,

Tu Zvirad ar daujda es wyaloba. (germ.)

7. axlad aRmocenebas iwyebs rwmena,

da xSirad am dros siyvaruli da erTguleba,

borot sarevelasaviT iZirkveba. (germ.)

8. kargad daakvirdi,

xval ukve WaRara iqneba. (germ.)

Cemma kolegam leqsis am mSvenier adgils aramarto sityvaTmimdevroba Seucvala, aramed

azrobrivi gamoyenebac. …gogona ase mimarTavs Tavis saqmros:

Meine Kette hab ich dir gegeben: Deine Locke nehm ich mit mir fort. Sieh sie an genau! Morgen bist du grau, Und nur braun erscheinst du wieder dort. (Cemi yelsabami Sen gisaxsovre:

Sens kululs SoreTSi Tan waviReb me.

kargad daakvirdi mas!

xval Sen ukve TmaWaRara iqnebi,

iq ki kvlav Zveli ieriT momevlinebi.)

9. dgas fiWvis xe eulad da sxv.

10. Zili ereva. (germ.)

11. TeTri saburveliT. (germ.)

12. amas vamtkiceb Cems mierve Sekrebili ramdenime monacemis safuZvelze.

13. vinc dainteresebulia bavSvobis adreuli wlebis mSvinvieri cxovrebiT, advilad mixvdeba

ufrosi Zmis misamarTiT wayenebuli moTxovnis Rrma pirobiTobas. sam wlamde asakis bavS­

vic ki mixvda, rom cotaxnis win gaCenili patara da dedis mucelSi gaizarda. am Semomate­

bas is sulac ar eTanxmeba da eWvi awuxebs, rom dedis mucelSi SeiZleba kidev imalebodnen

sxva bavSvebi. yuTi Tu karada misTvis dedis mucelTan asocirdeba. anu is moiTxovs, Caaxe­

don yuTSi da am moTxovnas Tavis ufros YZmas uyenebs. rogorc sxva masalidan irkveva, mamis

nacvlad Yes Zma iqca ojaxis axali wevris metoqed. swored amis gamo, garda dasabuTebuli

254

zigmund froidi

eWvisa, rom gauCinarebuli ZiZa swored man gamoketa yuTSi, misken aris mimarTuli kidev

erTi eWvi, rom axladmovlenili pataris dedis mucelSi `moxvedraSic~ swored am YZmas

unda erios xeli. imedgacruebis afeqti, romelic carieli yuTis danaxvas mohyveba, bavS­

vuri moTxovnilebis zedapiruli motivaciiTaa ganpirobebuli. ufro Rrma miswrafebi­

sTvis sxva adgilis SerCevaaa saWiro (?).samagierod ukandabrunebuli dedis sigamxdriT

gamowveuli udidesi kmayofileba mxolod am ufro Rrma Sridan xdeba srulad gasagebi.

14. gamoyofilia Cem mier (avt. Sen.)

15. gamoyofilia Cem mier (avt. Sen.)

16. kerZod, igi, rogorc gairkva, orsulobisa da fexmZimobisgan Tavdacvis qvecnobieri azris

zegvlenis qveS imyofeboda. sityvebiT: `dakecili rogorc jibis dana~, rac man sruliad

ganzrax rogorc Civili warmosTqva, mas surda dedis mucelSi bavSvis mdgomareoba aRe­

wera. Cem mier naTqvamma sityvam `Ernst~ mas kerntnerStraseze cnobili venuri firmis saxe­

li (S. Ernst) gaaxsena, romelic dafexmZimebis sawinaaRmdego damcavi saSualebebiT savaWro

dawesebulebad acxadebs Tavs.

17. germanulad `kaufmani~, Kaufmann vaWars niSnavs.

18. gamoiTqmis rogorc `klaperSlange~

19. `jer kidev veZeb naSuadRevis, ukacravad, SuadRemdel samuSaos.~

20. `polaki~ germanulenovan samyaroSi polonelis damamcirebeli saxelia.

21. `ase gavicani erTi Zalian lamazi da patiosani qali maRali sazogadoebidan, romelmac,

samoqalaqo SvebulebaSi myof, karze omis saqmeebSi CarTul erT keTilSobil mamakacTan

saubrisas, mas uTxra: `gavige, rom mefem im qveyanaSi y... xidi aafeTqebina.~ mas surda eTqva

`yvela~. warmoidgineT, cota xnis win qmarTan mwoliares, an da sayvarelze mfiqrals, mas

es sityva jer kidev enaze edga; da is keTilSobili kaci misi siyvaruliT ainTo am sityvis

gamo.~

`erTi sxva nacnobi qalbatoni, romelic masze ufros meore qalbatons emaslaaTeboda da

mis mSvenierebas uqebda da udidebda, Semdeg eubneba: `ara, madam, amas ar geubnebiT pir­

meZaobiT~ ­ pirmoTneobis Tqmis surviliT, rogorc SeniRba mere: warmoidgineT, fiqrobda,

rom qmrisTvis eRalata da emeZava.~

22. Ogermanuli saxelwodeba baltiis zRvisTvis.

23. SeadareT Tundac `iulius keisaridan~ Semdegi adgili, III, 3:

cina: swored getyviT, me cina mqvian.

moqalaqe: Sua gavglijoT, movklaT, es moRalatea!

cina: me poeti cina var! (...) me SeTqmuli cina ar var. (...)

moqalaqe: eg sul erTia, cina xom gqvian. gulidan saxeli amovglijoT da ise

gavuSvaT.

24. am SemTxvevaSi xelis wacdenis gagebiT.

25. es swored is sizmaria, romelic mokle statiaSi: ̀ sizmris Sesaxeb~, (no. VIII nervuli da sul­

ieri cxovrebis sasazRvro sakiTxebi~, liovenfeldisa da kurelas mier gamocemuli, 1901.

­ es sruli gamocemis mesame tomSia Sesuli) paradigmad aviRe.