Zero Hunger 2010 - Universität Hohenheim roots of inequality » The present territory of Brazil, was occupied in 1500 by the Portuguese, disputed with French, Dutch and Spanish colonizers

Promoting Human Rights to overcome hunger –

FoodFirst Information and Action Network

overcome hunger –Zero Hunger strategy in Brazil

Flavio Luiz Schieck Valente MD.MPH.Secretary General of FIAN International

Former National Rapporteur on the Right to Adequate Food, Water and Land. Brazilian ESCR Platform (2002-2007)

Hohenheim, 2010

Outline

1. The roots of Hunger and inequality – the occupation and colonization of the territory.

2. The struggle for Democracy and the Struggle Against Hunger

With Human Rights against Hunger!

3. Promoting Food and Nutritional Security within a human rights framework.

4. Zero Hunger Strategy within the Food and Nutritional Security policy framework.

5. Main reasons for observed impact.6. The challenges ahead.

The roots of inequality

» The present territory of Brazil, was occupied in 1500 by the Portuguese, disputed with French, Dutch and Spanish colonizers.

» The population of 3 to 5 million inhabitants, 1400 nations, were violently dealt with.

» The territory was parceled in huge tracks


» The territory was parceled in huge tracks and endowed to Portuguese Nobles.

» The Colony should produce wood, sugar and other commodities for the Metropolis.

» African slaves were brought in millions from different parts of Africa.

» In 1898, Republic is proclaimed. 75% of the population was of afrodescendants.

The roots of Hunger

» In 1930s, Josué de Castro, future FAO council chair, denounces Hunger in Brazil.

» In 1950s he says:„People say there is no Food Policy in Brazil. They are wrong, there is, and it is a Policy of Hunger“

» In 1964, Josué de Castro, author of


» In 1964, Josué de Castro, author of „Geography of Hunger“ and „Geopolitics of Hunger“, parliementarian, is forced into exile by a Military coup d´Etat.

» The military regime controls the Unions, freezes the minimum wage, promotes agribusiness expansion, creating 7 million landless families.


„Y esterday I saw an anim al„Y esterday I saw an anim al„Y esterday I saw an anim al„Y esterday I saw an anim al

In the m idst of the filth of a yardIn the m idst of the filth of a yardIn the m idst of the filth of a yardIn the m idst of the filth of a yard

G athering food from the garbagge.G athering food from the garbagge.G athering food from the garbagge.G athering food from the garbagge.

W hen it found som ething,W hen it found som ething,W hen it found som ething,W hen it found som ething,

It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it, It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it, It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it, It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it,


It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it, It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it, It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it, It d id not either exam ine or sm ell it,

It sim ply gobbled it dow n w ith voracity.It sim ply gobbled it dow n w ith voracity.It sim ply gobbled it dow n w ith voracity.It sim ply gobbled it dow n w ith voracity.

T he anim al w as not a dog,T he anim al w as not a dog,T he anim al w as not a dog,T he anim al w as not a dog,

It w as not a cat,It w as not a cat,It w as not a cat,It w as not a cat,

It w as not a rat.It w as not a rat.It w as not a rat.It w as not a rat.

T he anim al , m y G od, w as a m an.“ ( B andeira, 1970 )T he anim al , m y G od, w as a m an.“ ( B andeira, 1970 )T he anim al , m y G od, w as a m an.“ ( B andeira, 1970 )T he anim al , m y G od, w as a m an.“ ( B andeira, 1970 )

The struggle for democracy and against Hunger

• Indep. Unions

• Landless movement

• Constitution

• Elections

For democracy


• Political Amnesty

• Constitution

• ICESCR

Human rights

The struggle against hunger and for Human rights

• Against high food prices

• CNAN / const 1986

• FNS plan 1989

• Citizenship action against Hunger 1992

• Council 1993

• Conference 1994

• WFS 1996

• Social crisis 2002

Movement against Hunger


• Amnesty 1979

• Constitution 1988

• ICESCR 1992

• Vienna 1993

• PNDH 1996• ESCR 2000

• PNDH 2 2002

• Ziegler´s mission 2002

Human rights

Lula´s election - 2002

» Government document prepared for Ziegler´s visit shows chronic pattern of inequalities, land and wealth concentration.

» At least 1/3 of population (54 million) live in food insecurity

» Luis Inácio Lula da Silva is elected on a social platform against Hunger and Poverty.


social platform against Hunger and Poverty.» Union leader and founder of the Workers´

Party, he is a symbol of the struggle for democracy.

» His first speech after the election reaffirms his commitment to guarantee that all Brazilians can eat „at least 3 times a day“.

Zero Hunger and FNS Policy framework

2003

• Reinstitution of CONSEA

• Promote Food and Nutritional Security and the RTF

• Ministry to Combat Hunger

• Zero Hunger Program – 41 programs

2004

• Ministry for social Development and Combat Against Hunger

• Bolsa Família


2004• Bolsa Família

• Zero Hunger Strategy

2006

• National Food and Nutritional Security Framework Law

• Based on the promotion of Right to Adequate Food

• CONSEA; CISAN, SISAN.

Zero Hunger and FNS Policy framework

2008

• Studies show reduction of child malnutrition and hunger

• Poverty reduction was of 31,4% 2003-06

• Reduction of inequalities – MDG reached

2009

• Increase in income from 2002 -2008

• 8,1% per year for lowest income decile

• 1,5% for the richest decile


2009 • 1,5% for the richest decile

2010• National Food and Nutritional Security Policy

approved

The Zero Hunger Strategy

• PRONAF

• PAA

• Rural insurance

• Bolsa Familia

• PNAE

• Micronutrients

• Nutritional ed.

• SISVAN

• PAT

Access to Food

Family Agriculture


• Councils,

• Local partnerships

• Professional qualification

• Productive Inclusion

• Solidary Economy

• CONSADS

Governance, mobilization and social

control

Income Generation

Entre 2001 e 2008 a desigualdade de renda brasileira declinou 0.623

0.623

0.604

0.593

0.5890.594

0.596 0.599

0.615

0.634

0.612

0.6020.599 0.600

0.6000.598

0.592

0.5940.60

0.62

0.64

Co

efi

cie

nte

de

Gin

iEvolução da desigualdade na renda domiciliar per capita segundo o

coeficiente de Gini: Brasil, 1976 a 2008

Média0.593

0.582

0.5880.587

0.580

0.5920.587

0.581

0.569

0.566 0.560

0.552

0.544

0.54

0.56

0.58

1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Co

efi

cie

nte

de

Gin

i

Anos

Fonte: Estimativas produzidas com base na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 1976 a 2008.

Mínimo

Porcentaje de la población con menos de USD 1/día (MDG#1)

Fuente: FGV/CPS cálculo con datos del PNAD

Nueva meta para Brasil

(2.6%)

Meta original ODM

(5.3%)

Key reasons for achievements

1. Mapping of the most affected –disaggregation of data.

2. Universal coverage.3. Nutritional surveillance4. CONSEA – national and state5. RTF Framework law


5. RTF Framework law6. Linking of social to structural programs7. CÌSAN and SISAN» FNS policy coordination

8. Broader policy coherence: » Agrarian Reform, » Real Minimum Wage increases, » Social security policies for rural workers.

Future challenges

1. Financing and governance of SISAN

2. Contradictions within the present model» Agrobusiness vs family farming» Sustainability » Working conditions


» Working conditions

3. The potential limits of Social safety nets and the issue of Human dignity

4. Full implementation of claim mechanisms for the RTF in FNS policies and programs.

FIAN International

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Zero Hunger 2010 - Universität Hohenheim roots of inequality » The present territory of Brazil, was occupied in 1500 by the Portuguese, disputed with French, Dutch and Spanish colonizers