Zemax® 12 Optical Design Program User's Manual July 10, 2012
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ZemaxManual.bookImportant notice
Zemax® is a registered trademark of Radiant Zemax LLC Copyright ©
Radiant Zemax LLC 1990-2012. All rights reserved.
PartLink, AssemblyLink, and ReverseRadiance are trademarks of
Radiant Zemax LLC Copyright © Radiant Zemax LLC 1990-2012. All
rights reserved.
SolidWorks® is a registered trademark of Dassault Systèmes
SolidWorks Corporation.
AutoDesk Inventor® is a registered trademark of Autodesk,
Inc.
All other product names or trademarks are property of their
respective owners.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and
does not represent a commitment on the part of the vendor. The
software described in this manual is furnished under a license
agreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the
terms of the agreement.
Radiant Zemax LLC (RZ) provides this publication "as is" without
warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not
limited to the implied warranties or conditions of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall RZ be liable
for any loss of profits, loss of business, loss of use or data,
interruption of business, or for indirect, special, incidental, or
consequential damages of any kind, even if RZ has been advised of
the possibility of such damages arising from any defect or error in
this publication or in the Software.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION Chapter 1
Using the annotation feature
.......................................................................................................
44 Using pan and zoom
...................................................................................................................
45
Text windows operations
........................................................................................................................
45 Dialog operations
....................................................................................................................................
46 Aborting long computations
....................................................................................................................
46 Summary of useful shortcuts
..................................................................................................................
47 Using the Windows
clipboard..................................................................................................................
48 Zemax file types by
extension.................................................................................................................
48
CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS Chapter 3
Introduction
.............................................................................................................................................
51 Active
configuration.................................................................................................................................
51 Angular magnification
.............................................................................................................................
51 Apodization
.............................................................................................................................................
51 Back focal
length.....................................................................................................................................
51 Cardinal planes
.......................................................................................................................................
51 Chief
ray..................................................................................................................................................
51 Coordinate
axes......................................................................................................................................
52 Diffraction limited
....................................................................................................................................
52 Edge
thickness........................................................................................................................................
52 Effective focal
length...............................................................................................................................
53 Entrance pupil diameter
..........................................................................................................................
53 Entrance pupil
position............................................................................................................................
53 Exit pupil diameter
..................................................................................................................................
53 Exit pupil position
....................................................................................................................................
53 Extra
data................................................................................................................................................
53 Field angles and heights
.........................................................................................................................
53 Float by stop size
....................................................................................................................................
53 Ghost reflections
.....................................................................................................................................
54 Glasses
...................................................................................................................................................
54
4
Printing
........................................................................................................................................
72 Colors 1-12, Colors 13-24
...........................................................................................................
73 Buttons 1-16, Buttons 17-32, Buttons 33-48
...............................................................................
74 Status Bar
...................................................................................................................................
74
Exit
..........................................................................................................................................................
74 Recently used
files..................................................................................................................................
74
Surface Type
...................................................................................................................
77 Surface DLL
....................................................................................................................
77 Bitmap Image
..................................................................................................................
77 Surface Color
..................................................................................................................
77 Surface
Opacity...............................................................................................................
77 Row
Color........................................................................................................................
77 Make Surface
Stop..........................................................................................................
77 Make Surface Global Coordinate
Reference...................................................................
77 Surface Cannot Be Hyperhemispheric
............................................................................
77 Ignore This Surface
.........................................................................................................
78
Surface properties aperture tab
..................................................................................................
79 Aperture type and other aperture
controls.......................................................................
79 Aperture type codes and parameters
..............................................................................
80 Aperture projection on non-plane surfaces
.....................................................................
80 Aperture decenters and
pickups......................................................................................
80 User defined apertures and obscurations
.......................................................................
80 The UDA file
format.........................................................................................................
81 UDA Examples
................................................................................................................
82
Surface properties scattering tab
................................................................................................
84 Surface scattering settings
..............................................................................................
84
Surface tilt/decenter tab
..............................................................................................................
84 Using the Coordinate
Return...........................................................................................
85
Surface physical optics tab
.........................................................................................................
86 Surface coating tab
.....................................................................................................................
86 Setting and removing solves
.......................................................................................................
86
5
6
SYSTEM MENU Chapter 6
Aperture
....................................................................................................................................
103 Aperture
Type................................................................................................................
103 Aperture Value
..............................................................................................................
104 Apodization
Type...........................................................................................................
104 Uniform apodization
......................................................................................................
104 Gaussian
apodization....................................................................................................
104 Cosine cubed apodization
.............................................................................................
104 User defined
apodization...............................................................................................
105 Apodization Factor
........................................................................................................
105 Telecentric Object Space
..............................................................................................
105 Afocal Image Space
......................................................................................................
105 Iterate Solves When
Updating.......................................................................................
106
Environment
..............................................................................................................................
110 Adjust Index Data To
Environment................................................................................
110 Temperature in degrees C
............................................................................................
110 Pressure in
ATM............................................................................................................
110
Polarization
...............................................................................................................................
110 Unpolarized
...................................................................................................................
111 Jx, Jy, X-Phase,
Y-Phase..............................................................................................
111 Convert thin film phase to ray equivalent
......................................................................
111 Method
..........................................................................................................................
111
Named
Filters............................................................................................................................
117 Fields
....................................................................................................................................................
117
Wavelengths
.........................................................................................................................................
118 Saving and loading wavelength data
........................................................................................
118
Next Configuration
................................................................................................................................
118 Last
Configuration.................................................................................................................................
118
Summary of ISO 10110 symbols and codes
.................................................................
126 Diameters and
bevels....................................................................................................
127 Tolerance data
..............................................................................................................
127
NSC 3D Layout
.........................................................................................................................
127 NSC Shaded Model
..................................................................................................................
128 NSC Object Viewer
...................................................................................................................
129 CAD File Part Viewer
................................................................................................................
129
Fans......................................................................................................................................................
130 Ray Aberration
..........................................................................................................................
130
PSF.......................................................................................................................................................
144 FFT
PSF....................................................................................................................................
144
FFT PSF Cross Section
............................................................................................................
147 FFT Line/Edge
Spread..............................................................................................................
148 Huygens
PSF............................................................................................................................
148 Huygens PSF Cross
Section.....................................................................................................
150
9
Geometric Image Analysis
........................................................................................................
168 The IMA
format..............................................................................................................
170 The BIM
format..............................................................................................................
170 Comments on using field angles
...................................................................................
171 Comments on using paraxial and real image height
..................................................... 171 How rays
are chosen for analysis
.................................................................................
171 Calculating efficiency of multi-mode fibers
....................................................................
172 Text output
....................................................................................................................
172
Geometric Bitmap Image Analysis
............................................................................................
172 Comments on field
units................................................................................................
174 Selection and tracing of rays
.........................................................................................
174
Light Source
Analysis................................................................................................................
175 Partially Coherent Image Analysis
............................................................................................
176
Extended Diffraction Image Analysis
........................................................................................
182 IMA/BIM File
Viewer..................................................................................................................
184 Bitmap File Viewer
....................................................................................................................
184
Miscellaneous
.......................................................................................................................................
186 Field Curvature/Distortion
.........................................................................................................
186
Computing distortion when using real image height as the field type
........................... 188 Grid Distortion
...........................................................................................................................
189
SMIA-TV
Distortion........................................................................................................
191 Limitations of Grid Distortion
.........................................................................................
191
Vignetting Plot
...........................................................................................................................
192 Footprint Diagram
.....................................................................................................................
193 Longitudinal Aberration
.............................................................................................................
194 Lateral
Color..............................................................................................................................
194 Y-Ybar Diagram
........................................................................................................................
195 Chromatic Focal
Shift................................................................................................................
195 System Summary Graphic
........................................................................................................
196 Power Field Map
.......................................................................................................................
196 Power Pupil Map
.......................................................................................................................
197 Incident Angle vs. Image Height
...............................................................................................
198
Aberration coefficients
..........................................................................................................................
199 Seidel Coefficients
....................................................................................................................
199 Seidel
Diagram..........................................................................................................................
200 Zernike Fringe Coefficients
.......................................................................................................
201
Zernike Standard
Coefficients...................................................................................................
204 Zernike Annular Coefficients
.....................................................................................................
207
Physical Optics
.....................................................................................................................................
228 Paraxial Gaussian
Beam...........................................................................................................
228
Skew Gaussian
Beam...............................................................................................................
230 Physical Optics Propagation
.....................................................................................................
231
NSC Ray Tracing
..................................................................................................................................
235 Ray Trace Control
.....................................................................................................................
235 Detector
Viewer.........................................................................................................................
235 Ray Database Viewer
...............................................................................................................
235 Ray Database Analysis
.............................................................................................................
235
11
Path
Analysis.................................................................................................................
235 Flux vs. Wavelength
......................................................................................................
236
TOOLS MENU Chapter 8
Modify
...................................................................................................................................................
257 Tilt/Decenter
Elements..............................................................................................................
257 Reverse
Elements.....................................................................................................................
257 Scale Lens
................................................................................................................................
258 Make
Focal................................................................................................................................
258 Add Fold Mirror
.........................................................................................................................
258
12
Tolerancing
...........................................................................................................................................
262 Tolerancing
...............................................................................................................................
262 Tolerance
Listing.......................................................................................................................
262 Tolerance
Summary..................................................................................................................
262
Wavelength scaling of ABg data
...................................................................................
272 Scatter Function Viewer
............................................................................................................
272
Export/Explode Data
.............................................................................................................................
274 Export CAD File
........................................................................................................................
274
Limitations of exported data
..........................................................................................
276 Explode SolidWorks Assembly
.................................................................................................
276 Explode Inventor
Assembly.......................................................................................................
276 Explode CAD Assembly
............................................................................................................
277 Export Zemax Black Box Data
..................................................................................................
277
REPORTS MENU Chapter 9
13
Comments on computing element volumes
..............................................................................
292 System
Check.......................................................................................................................................
292 Report Graphics
4/6..............................................................................................................................
293
Edit/Run ZPL
Macros............................................................................................................................
295 Refresh Macro
List................................................................................................................................
295 Macro
Names........................................................................................................................................
295 Extensions
............................................................................................................................................
295 Refresh Extensions List
........................................................................................................................
296 Extension
Names..................................................................................................................................
296
ABCD....................................................................................................................................................
300 Alternate Even
......................................................................................................................................
301 Alternate
Odd........................................................................................................................................
301 Atmospheric
Refraction.........................................................................................................................
301 Biconic
..................................................................................................................................................
302 Biconic Zernike
.....................................................................................................................................
302 Binary Optic 1
.......................................................................................................................................
303
Defining the substrate shape
....................................................................................................
310 Defining the index
.....................................................................................................................
310 Defining the crystal axis for homogeneous
materials................................................................
311 Defining the crystal axis for inhomogeneous
materials.............................................................
311 Determining which ray is traced
................................................................................................
312 Accounting for phase rotation
...................................................................................................
312 Transmission and other properties of birefringent surfaces
...................................................... 313 Sample
Zemax
files...................................................................................................................
313
Black Box Lens
.....................................................................................................................................
314 Features not supported when using Black Box surfaces
..........................................................
314
Conjugate..............................................................................................................................................
314 Coordinate Break
..................................................................................................................................
315
Elliptical Grating 2
.................................................................................................................................
319 Even Asphere
.......................................................................................................................................
320 Extended Asphere
................................................................................................................................
320 Extended Cubic
Spline..........................................................................................................................
321 Extended
Fresnel..................................................................................................................................
322 Extended Odd
Asphere.........................................................................................................................
323 Extended Polynomial
............................................................................................................................
324 Extended Toroidal Grating
....................................................................................................................
324 Filter
......................................................................................................................................................
326 Fresnel
..................................................................................................................................................
326 Generalized
Fresnel..............................................................................................................................
326 Gradient 1
.............................................................................................................................................
327
Discussion on maximum step size for GRIN surfaces
.............................................................. 327
Restrictions on surfaces following GRIN surfaces
....................................................................
328
Gradient 2
.............................................................................................................................................
328 Gradient 3
.............................................................................................................................................
328 Gradient 4
.............................................................................................................................................
329 Gradient 5
.............................................................................................................................................
329 Gradient 6
.............................................................................................................................................
330 Gradient 7
.............................................................................................................................................
331 GRADIUM™
.........................................................................................................................................
332
GRADIUM profile file
format......................................................................................................
332 Gradient 9
.............................................................................................................................................
334 Gradient 10
...........................................................................................................................................
335 Grid Phase
............................................................................................................................................
335
Using the shear
distance...........................................................................................................
335 Phase coefficients sign conventions
.........................................................................................
336
Paraxial XY
...........................................................................................................................................
344 Periodic
.................................................................................................................................................
345 Polynomial
............................................................................................................................................
345 Q-Type
Asphere....................................................................................................................................
345 Radial Grating
.......................................................................................................................................
346 Radial NURBS
......................................................................................................................................
347
15
Modeling an ellipse with the Standard
surface..........................................................................
349 Modeling an axicon with the Standard surface
.........................................................................
349
Superconic
............................................................................................................................................
349 Tilted
.....................................................................................................................................................
350 Toroidal
.................................................................................................................................................
351 Toroidal Grating
....................................................................................................................................
352 Toroidal Hologram
................................................................................................................................
352 Toroidal NURBS
...................................................................................................................................
353 User Defined
.........................................................................................................................................
354
The UDS
DLL............................................................................................................................
354 Refractive and reflective UDS
DLLs..........................................................................................
355 Gradient index UDS
DLLs.........................................................................................................
356 Diffractive UDS DLLs
................................................................................................................
356 Lenslet arrays using
DLLs.........................................................................................................
356 User defined surface apodization using
DLLs...........................................................................
356 Polarization and coating data using
DLLs.................................................................................
356 Error handling and
UDS............................................................................................................
357 Sample
DLLs.............................................................................................................................
357
Variable Line Space Grating
.................................................................................................................
362 Zernike Fringe
Phase............................................................................................................................
363
Zernike Fringe Phase coefficients sign conventions
.................................................................
363 Zernike Fringe Sag
...............................................................................................................................
364 Zernike Standard Phase
.......................................................................................................................
364
Zernike Standard Phase coefficients sign
conventions.............................................................
365 Zernike Standard Sag
...........................................................................................................................
366 Zernike Annular Phase
.........................................................................................................................
366
NSC with ports
..........................................................................................................................
370 NSC without ports
.....................................................................................................................
370 Combining NSC with and without
ports.....................................................................................
370
Overview of NSC ray tracing with ports
................................................................................................
371 The entry
port............................................................................................................................
371 The exit port
..............................................................................................................................
371 Getting rays in
...........................................................................................................................
372 Tracing rays within the
NSC......................................................................................................
372 Getting rays
out.........................................................................................................................
372
Overview of NSC ray tracing without ports
...........................................................................................
372 Getting rays in
...........................................................................................................................
373 Tracing rays within the
NSC......................................................................................................
373 Detecting rays
...........................................................................................................................
373 Launching rays for
analysis.......................................................................................................
373
Object
Placement..................................................................................................................................
373 The object coordinate system
...................................................................................................
374 Reference objects
.....................................................................................................................
374
16
Refraction and reflection from NSC
objects..........................................................................................
376 No material defined
...................................................................................................................
376 MIRROR or ABSORB
...............................................................................................................
376 Material defined by a glass name
.............................................................................................
376 Material defined by a table
glass...............................................................................................
376 Material defined by MIL
number................................................................................................
376 Material defined by a glass
model.............................................................................................
376 Object properties by material
....................................................................................................
376
Diffraction from NSC
objects.................................................................................................................
377 The object properties dialog
box...........................................................................................................
377
Draw
tab....................................................................................................................................
387 SolidWorks PartLink
tab............................................................................................................
387 Inventor PartLink tab
.................................................................................................................
388
Comments about drawing resolution and bounding regions
......................................... 388 Defining paths using
the Consider Objects list
.....................................................................................
388 Defining an Ignore Objects list
..............................................................................................................
389 User defined apertures
.........................................................................................................................
389 Object faces
..........................................................................................................................................
389 Polarization and thin film coatings
........................................................................................................
389
Coatings on surfaces in contact
................................................................................................
389
Scattering..............................................................................................................................................
390
Fraction to scatter and number of scatter
rays..........................................................................
390 Scatter models
..........................................................................................................................
390 Bi-Directional Scatter Distribution
Function...............................................................................
391 Available scatter models
...........................................................................................................
391 No scattering
.............................................................................................................................
391 Lambertian
scattering................................................................................................................
391 Gaussian scattering
..................................................................................................................
392 ABg model scattering
................................................................................................................
392
Defining ABg data
.........................................................................................................
393 BSDF scattering
........................................................................................................................
393 User defined scattering
.............................................................................................................
394
Defining an object to use DLL defined surface scattering
............................................. 394
17
Sample bulk scattering: Poly_bulk_scat.DLL
................................................................
397 Sample bulk scattering:
Henyey-Greenstein-bulk.DLL..................................................
397 Sample bulk scattering: Rayleigh.DLL
..........................................................................
397 Sample bulk scattering:
Mie.DLL...................................................................................
397 Sample bulk scattering: Phosphor.DLL
.........................................................................
397 Defining an object to use DLL defined bulk scattering
.................................................. 398 DLL
parameters.............................................................................................................
398 Creating a new
DLL.......................................................................................................
398
Coherence length modeling
..................................................................................................................
398 Defining GRIN media for non-sequential ray tracing
............................................................................
399
Defining an object to be of gradient index material
...................................................................
399 Discussion on maximum step size for GRIN objects
................................................................
399 GRIN DLL parameters
..............................................................................................................
399 Creating a new GRIN DLL
........................................................................................................
399 Sample GRIN
DLLs...................................................................................................................
399
Defining DLLs for ray splitting at diffractive surfaces
............................................................................
401 Defining an object to use the diffraction DLL
............................................................................
401 Diffraction DLL parameters
.......................................................................................................
401 Creating a new Diffraction DLL
.................................................................................................
401
Ray splitting
..........................................................................................................................................
401 Ray splitting and polarization
....................................................................................................
402
Putting it all together
.............................................................................................................................
403 The Ray Trace
Control..........................................................................................................................
403
Saving ray data to a
file.............................................................................................................
404 Lost energy
...............................................................................................................................
405
The Ray Database Viewer
....................................................................................................................
407 The Detector Viewer
.............................................................................................................................
409
Comments regarding Detector Surface objects
........................................................................
411 The filter string
......................................................................................................................................
411
Filter string examples
................................................................................................................
415 Saving and Loading Detector Data
.......................................................................................................
416
Detector Data File Formats
.......................................................................................................
416 Header Block Format
....................................................................................................
416 Data Block
Format.........................................................................................................
417 Pixel
Ordering................................................................................................................
417
Inventor
AssemblyLink..........................................................................................................................
452 Inventor
PartLink...................................................................................................................................
453 Jones
Matrix..........................................................................................................................................
453 Lenslet Array
1......................................................................................................................................
454 Lenslet Array
2......................................................................................................................................
455 Micro Electro Mechanical System
(MEMS)...........................................................................................
455
Ray
Rotator...........................................................................................................................................
460 Rectangular
Corner...............................................................................................................................
461
Rectangle..............................................................................................................................................
461 Rectangular Pipe
..................................................................................................................................
461 Rectangular Pipe
Grating......................................................................................................................
461 Rectangular Roof
..................................................................................................................................
462 Rectangular Torus Surface
...................................................................................................................
462 Rectangular Torus Volume
...................................................................................................................
462 Rectangular Volume
.............................................................................................................................
463
Comment about tilted faces
......................................................................................................
463 Rectangular Volume
Grating.................................................................................................................
463 ReverseRadiance
Detector...................................................................................................................
464 ReverseRadiance Target
......................................................................................................................
464 Slide
......................................................................................................................................................
464 SolidWorks
AssemblyLink.....................................................................................................................
465 SolidWorks
PartLink..............................................................................................................................
465 Sphere
..................................................................................................................................................
466 Standard
Lens.......................................................................................................................................
466 Standard Surface
..................................................................................................................................
467 STL Object
............................................................................................................................................
468
Defining STL Objects
................................................................................................................
468 Maximum triangles in STL objects
................................................................................
468 Example STL files
.........................................................................................................
469
Swept
Object.........................................................................................................................................
469 Tabulated Faceted
Radial.....................................................................................................................
470 Tabulated Faceted
Toroid.....................................................................................................................
471 Tabulated Fresnel
Radial......................................................................................................................
471 Toroidal Hologram
................................................................................................................................
471 Toroidal Lens
........................................................................................................................................
472 Toroidal
Surface....................................................................................................................................
473 Torus Surface
.......................................................................................................................................
474 Torus
Volume........................................................................................................................................
474 Triangular
Corner..................................................................................................................................
474 Triangle
.................................................................................................................................................
475 User Defined
Object..............................................................................................................................
475
NSC Sources Chapter 14
Source Diode
........................................................................................................................................
480 Source DLL
...........................................................................................................................................
482
Source DLL parameters
............................................................................................................
482 Creating a new Source DLL
......................................................................................................
482 Comments on Source DLL relative intensity
.............................................................................
482 Sample Source DLLs
................................................................................................................
483
Source Ellipse
.......................................................................................................................................
483 Source EULUMDAT File
.......................................................................................................................
484 Source
Filament....................................................................................................................................
484 Source
File............................................................................................................................................
484
Source Gaussian
..................................................................................................................................
487 Source IESNA File
................................................................................................................................
487 Source Imported
...................................................................................................................................
487 Source Object
.......................................................................................................................................
488 Source Point
.........................................................................................................................................
489 Source Radial
.......................................................................................................................................
489 Source Ray
...........................................................................................................................................
489 Source Rectangle
.................................................................................................................................
489 Source Tube
.........................................................................................................................................
489 Source Two
Angle.................................................................................................................................
490 Source Volume Cylinder
.......................................................................................................................
490 Source Volume
Ellipse..........................................................................................................................
490 Source Volume Rectangle
....................................................................................................................
491
NSC Detectors Chapter 15
Detectors...............................................................................................................................................
493 Detector Color object
............................................................................................................................
493
Comments on Detector Color pixel numbering
.........................................................................
494 Comments on Pixel Interpolation
..............................................................................................
494
Detector Polar object
............................................................................................................................
495 Exporting Detector Polar Data
..................................................................................................
495 Comments on Detector Polar Pixel Numbering
........................................................................
495 Comments on Pixel Interpolation
..............................................................................................
496
Detector Rectangle
object.....................................................................................................................
496 Comments on coherent data computations
..............................................................................
497 Comments on Detector Rectangle pixel
numbering..................................................................
498 Comments on Pixel Interpolation
..............................................................................................
498
Detector Surface object
........................................................................................................................
499 Comments about detector triangles
..........................................................................................
499 Comments on Detector Surface pixel numbering
.....................................................................
500
Detector Volume
object.........................................................................................................................
500 Comments on Detector Volume pixel
numbering......................................................................
500
Objects as detectors
.............................................................................................................................
500 Comments on general objects as detectors pixel numbering
................................................... 501
21
Important considerations for ZPL Macro
solves........................................................................
510 Integer codes for column numbers
.......................................................................................................
510 Suggestions for use
..............................................................................................................................
511
OPTIMIZATION Chapter 17
Selecting the pupil integration
method..................................................................................................
515 Rings
.........................................................................................................................................
516
Optimization operands
..........................................................................................................................
520 Understanding boundary
operands.......................................................................................................
555 Using MTF operands
............................................................................................................................
555 Performing an optimization
...................................................................................................................
556 Defining complex operands
..................................................................................................................
557 Optimizing glass selection
....................................................................................................................
558
Using model glasses
.................................................................................................................
558 Using glass substitution
............................................................................................................
560
Optimizing zoom and multi-configuration lenses
..................................................................................
560 Optimizing extra data
............................................................................................................................
560 Optimizing tolerance
sensitivity.............................................................................................................
560 Optimizing objects in a non-sequential group with sequential
rays ...................................................... 561
Optimizing with sources and detectors in non-sequential
mode...........................................................
561
Comments about random numbers and
NSTR.........................................................................
562 Pixel numbering for detectors
...................................................................................................
562
User defined
operands..........................................................................................................................
563 Optimizing with ZPL macros
.....................................................................................................
563
Changes made to the lens from within the ZPLM macro
.............................................. 564 ZPLM and the
default merit function
.............................................................................
564
Optimizing with externally compiled
programs..........................................................................
565 Suggestions for use
..............................................................................................................................
567 The global optimum
..............................................................................................................................
567
23
TRAD: Tolerance on
radius.......................................................................................................
578 TCUR: Tolerance on curvature
.................................................................................................
578 TFRN: Tolerance on
fringes......................................................................................................
578 TTHI: Tolerance on thickness
...................................................................................................
578 TCON: Tolerance on
conic........................................................................................................
579 TSDI: Tolerance on semi-diameter
...........................................................................................
579 TSDX, TSDY: Tolerance on surface decenters
........................................................................
579 TSTX, TSTY: Tolerance on surface
tilts....................................................................................
579 TIRX, TIRY: Tolerance on surface TIR
.....................................................................................
579 TIRR: Tolerance on surface irregularity
....................................................................................
580 TEXI: Tolerance on surface irregularity using the Fringe
Zernike model .................................. 580 TEZI:
Tolerance on surface irregularity using the Standard Zernike
model.............................. 581 TPAI: Tolerance on the
inverse of parameter data
...................................................................
582 TPAR: Tolerance on parameter data
........................................................................................
582 TEDV: Tolerance on extra data values
.....................................................................................
582 TIND: Tolerance on index
.........................................................................................................
582 TABB: Tolerance on Abbe
........................................................................................................
583 TCMU: Tolerance on coating
multiplier.....................................................................................
583 TCIO: Tolerance on coating index
offset...................................................................................
583 TCEO: Tolerance on coating extinction
offset...........................................................................
583 TEDX, TEDY: Tolerance on element decenters
.......................................................................
583 TETX, TETY, TETZ: Tolerance on element
tilts........................................................................
584 TOFF: Tolerance off (can be used for comments)
....................................................................
584 TUDX, TUDY, TUTX, TUTY, TUTZ: Tolerance on user defined tilts
and decenters................. 584 TNPS, TNPA, TNMA: Tolerances on
non-sequential data
....................................................... 584 TMCO:
Tolerance on multi-configuration data
..........................................................................
585
Tolerancing with the Irregular surface
type...........................................................................................
585 Tolerance control operands
..................................................................................................................
585
CEDV: Define extra data value compensator
...........................................................................
586 General comments about min and max values on compensators
................................ 586
CMCO: Define multi-configuration operand compensator
........................................................ 586 CNPA:
Define non-sequential parameter compensator
............................................................ 586
CNPS: Define non-sequential position compensator
................................................................
586 COMP: Define compensator
.....................................................................................................
586 CPAR: Define parameter
compensator.....................................................................................
586 SAVE: Save sensitivity analysis lenses
....................................................................................
587 SEED: Seed the random number generator
.............................................................................
587 STAT: Define
statistics..............................................................................................................
587 TWAV: Test
wavelength............................................................................................................
587
Defining default tolerances
...................................................................................................................
587 Surface tolerances
....................................................................................................................
587 Element tolerances
...................................................................................................................
588 Index
tolerances........................................................................................................................
588 Other
controls............................................................................................................................
588
Defining compensators
.........................................................................................................................
589
Sensitivity
analysis................................................................................................................................
595 The RSS estimated change
..................................................................................................................
595 Inverse sensitivity
analysis....................................................................................................................
596 Monte Carlo analysis
............................................................................................................................
596
Nesting rules for Monte Carlo analysis
.................................................................................................
599 Using Tolerance
Scripts........................................................................................................................
599
Tolerance Script
overview.........................................................................................................
600 The Tolerance Script commands
..............................................................................................
600
MULTI-CONFIGURATIONS Chapter 20
25
Summary of multi-configuration operands
............................................................................................
609 Comment about operands that define character strings
.......................................................................
614 Defining the number of configurations
..................................................................................................
614 Defining each configuration
..................................................................................................................
614 Adding and removing elements
............................................................................................................
614 Changing configurations
.......................................................................................................................
614 Optimization with multi-configurations
..................................................................................................
614
Suggestions for organizing multiple-configuration merit functions
............................................ 614 Solves for
multi-configuration
data........................................................................................................
615
Introduction
...........................................................................................................................................
617 Specifying which glass catalogs to
use.................................................................................................
617 Editing and reviewing glass catalogs
....................................................................................................
617 Description of catalog data
...................................................................................................................
618 Creating a new catalog
.........................................................................................................................
619 Copying or moving glass catalog
files...................................................................................................
619 The glass dispersion formulas
..............................................................................................................
620
The Schott
formula....................................................................................................................
620 The Sellmeier 1 formula
............................................................................................................
620 The Sellmeier 2 formula
............................................................................................................
620 The Sellmeier 3 formula
............................................................................................................
620 The Sellmeier 4 formula
............................................................................................................
621 The Sellmeier 5 formula
............................................................................................................
621 The Herzberger formula
............................................................................................................
621 The Conrady formula
................................................................................................................
621 The Handbook of Optics 1 formula
...........................................................................................
621 The Handbook of Optics 2 formula
...........................................................................................
621 The Extended
formula...............................................................................................................
622 The Extended 2
formula............................................................................................................
622 The Extended 3
formula............................................................................................................
622 General comments on using dispersion formulas
.....................................................................
622
Fitting index
data...................................................................................................................................
622 Fitting melt data
....................................................................................................................................
623
Radius of curvature (CRVT) values
..........................................................................................
635 Thickness (THIC)
values...........................................................................................................
636 Parameter values
......................................................................................................................
636 Extra data values
......................................................................................................................
636 All other
values..........................................................................................................................
636
Defining multiple environments within a single
configuration................................................................
636 Automatic thermal setup
.......................................................................................................................
637 Adding TCE
data...................................................................................................................................
637 Modeling gases and
liquids...................................................................................................................
637 Adding thermal index variation
data......................................................................................................
637 Optimizing athermal
lenses...................................................................................................................
638 Limitations of thermal
analysis..............................................................................................................
638
The electric field vector
.............................................................................................................
639 Field vs. ray phase
conventions................................................................................................
640 The polarization ellipse
.............................................................................................................
640 Definition of terms
.....................................................................................................................
640
Intensity, I
......................................................................................................................
640 Phase,
P........................................................................................................................
640 Path length through medium,
.......................................................................................
641 Internal absorption per lens unit,
..................................................................................
641 Internal Transmittance, IT
.............................................................................................
641 Propagation Phase Factors, pc, ps
...............................................................................
641 Amplitude Reflectance,
................................................................................................
641 Amplitude Transmittance,
.............................................................................................
641 Intensity Reflectance, Rs, Rp
........................................................................................
641 Intensity Transmittance, Ts, Tp
.....................................................................................
641 Intensity Absorption, As, Ap
..........................................................................................
641 Diattenuation,
D.............................................................................................................
642 Coating Phase, Ps, Pp
..................................................................................................
642 Retardance, S
...............................................................................................................
642 Phase Difference Between X and Y, Pxy
......................................................................
642 Major and Minor semi axis of the Polarization Ellipse, EM, Em
.................................... 642 Angle of XY Polarization
Ellipse,
Ap..............................................................................
642
Properties of uncoated surfaces
...........................................................................................................
642 Defining coatings in
Zemax...................................................................................................................
643
Coating file data
syntax.............................................................................................................
643 The MATE data
section.................................................................................................
645 The TAPR data section
.................................................................................................
645 The COAT data
section.................................................................................................
647 Defining replicated groups of coating layers
.................................................................
648 Defining simple ideal
coatings.......................................................................................
648 The ENCRYPTED data
section.....................................................................................
648 The IDEAL data section
................................................................................................
649 The IDEAL2 data section
..............................................................................................
649
27
The TABLE data section
...............................................................................................
649 Adding comments to the coating file
.............................................................................
650 Limits on the amount of coating data
............................................................................
650 Editing the coating file
...................................................................................................
651
Optimizing coatings with Zemax
...........................................................................................................
651 Default materials and coatings supplied with
Zemax............................................................................
651 Specifying coatings on surfaces
...........................................................................................................
652 What Zemax does if no coating is
specified..........................................................................................
652 Defining the initial polarization
..............................................................................................................
652 Defining polarizing
components............................................................................................................
653 What Zemax can compute using polarization analysis
.........................................................................
654
Bulk absorption and transmission
.............................................................................................
655 Modeling birefringent
materials.............................................................................................................
655 Modeling frustrated total internal reflection
...........................................................................................
655 Limitations of polarization analysis
.......................................................................................................
656
PHYSICAL OPTICS PROPAGATION Chapter 24
Introduction
...........................................................................................................................................
657 Support for multiple processors
............................................................................................................
658 Diffraction
propagation..........................................................................................................................
658
Representation of the electric
field............................................................................................
658 The Fresnel
number..................................................................................................................
658
The pilot beam
......................................................................................................................................
662 Sign conventions for phase
data...........................................................................................................
663 Propagating in and out of the Rayleigh
range.......................................................................................
664
Separation of X and Y propagation
...........................................................................................
665 Comments about point spacing and sampling
......................................................................................
666 Propagation through arbitrary optical surfaces
.....................................................................................
666
Propagating through non-sequential surfaces
..........................................................................
667 Accounting for
polarization....................................................................................................................
667 Memory requirements
...........................................................................................................................
667 Defining the initial
beam........................................................................................................................
668
Gaussian Waist
.........................................................................................................................
668 Gaussian
Angle.........................................................................................................................
669 Gaussian
Size+Angle................................................................................................................
669 Top Hat
.....................................................................................................................................
670 File
............................................................................................................................................
670
Zemax Beam File (ZBF) binary format
..........................................................................
670 Zemax Beam File (ZBF) text format
..............................................................................
671
DLL............................................................................................................................................
671 Beam DLL parameters
..................................................................................................
671 Creating a new Beam DLL
............................................................................................
671
TH..................................................................................................................................
673 Using random
values.....................................................................................................
673 Using the scale
factor....................................................................................................
673
Surface specific settings
.......................................................................................................................
673 Considerations when using rays to propagate
..........................................................................
675
Computing Fiber Coupling
....................................................................................................................
675 Where the integral is computed
................................................................................................
675 Defining the fiber mode
.............................................................................................................
675 Decenters and tilts
....................................................................................................................
676 Choosing the location for the receiving fiber
.............................................................................
676
Quantitative beam
analysis...................................................................................................................
676 Beam coordinates and pilot beam
properties............................................................................
676 Peak Irradiance and total power
...............................................................................................
676 Centroid locations ...........