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uMjqfgUqBmbefg;qkdifjxB;wMbeMj=def;ekdifjvifnefrD;ulef; 4 auMU

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6,000 /month

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auMjxkufbwwf;/ emif;,dif;cOf vBjtwb[MumefrfgbxFifjOBm;vifuldwfbvkufjeefh,Ofh/

rmifqldOf;nrfbcfgjwluf; umeftvj vufhugMb,MUvkufjyFwfjauMjrD;wif;erf/

emif;,dif;urfjz.ifj cmrfjylefhvBjwmif;,myfbzkdwfbuljv.ifjv.ifjeBaowMU

emif;,dif;urfjerf ,if;wkufhc? rD;ikdef;cOfjanbao eMj=def;nrfbukrfbxlefjauMjrD;

wif;erf/ ikdef;uAyf;nefOMjeefh wdkef;nrfbrD;vM;vM;/ ikdef;cOfjemif;,dif;anbugMb

vldOfaoulef;qBm; ulpf;uM;v.ifjvBjnOfykefjz.ef;eMj=def;eBhtwh yAefykefjz.

ef; emif;,dif;urfjerf/ ,.efheef awvBj[efemif;,dif;cOf yFif;udefyFif;qBmb

eifb[kdOfvkufjvmif; awvBjudefvD? eifb[kdOfuljauMUawvBj,lbiBmjvlrfqfgeefh,

Ofh/ oifOMj efg;eMj=def;ekdifjvifeBh rD;wif;,dif;wif;qBm;q.Bjuef [Mikdef;eBqkdif

eMj=def;eefh awvBj,lbiBmjvlrfqfgndwf;ekdifjeB emif;,dif;cOfvmwfjrM;OMjeB/

oifOMjauMUvAOf[Mikdef;eBtwh w.efjwMbvkufjvmif;? w.efjwMbeMj=def; wkdef;nrfbayM;

vM;vM;eB,Ofh/

“ikdef;vldefcMjeBh oifyAefvBj cfgj{jvB.; (nlef;)

yefefg;ymefb (a,;ikdef;)/ ekdifjvldefvBjuMj[kdOf cMjauMjcfgj

=UqFifjqifjvFif;vFif;” emif;,dif;auMUekdifjvmwfj/

“cmOf;,mrf;[Awf;umefcMjyAef 8 rlif;awMbxkdif 5 rlif;? e.ufjcmOf;,mrf; twb 6 rlif; - 9 rlif;umifcrfj/UUUU ikdef;vldefwDjvBjeBhyAef

2b000 Omwfb/ ,.efhyldOfjcMjrmef;OBhtvj nrfbqmifj[Awf;awMbe.ufjcmOf;,mrf;umifcrfj/ oifOMjqOfjeBm;aw[uf;uMjOfgefg;ikdef;vldef

cMjeB cMjawvldOf 1b000 OmwfbawMbvldefulpf;cMj/ =def;auMj vBjcmwfj 1b300 OmwfbawMbvldef/ uMjqfgUqBmbwmifbrAOf;auMjrD;xFifj” emif;,dif;[Awf;umef efg;=if;imef; vmwfj/

v.ifjvFufjvBmjrBmrDj[Fif;umef

rldOfjvldefusKefb yD 2017 eefh rldif;narb\DuM; ykdefn.ufbvBm;imef; “v.ifjuMUcBmulef;” ao efg;eefh rldif;xB;eBh ,lbefg;qvmif;rBmxDho.if wDjawvBjygfUwlpf;ukrf;xdif;

v.ifjuMUcBmulef;eBh/ rldif;xB;,lbrBmxDho.ifrM; o.ifyDo.efh,Ofh nefeBhqmifjyAefrM;xkdif wwf;yFwfjumefuMUcBm yBm;rmufjrD; awMbqkdifxB;vl;u.efb/ ,.efheef vlify.

ifqkdifjrldif;xB; qifbvBjykdefzmOfbn.ufbrM; rBmrDjukrf;xdif;ulef;[Fif;umef,mefrldif;rfgb rldOfjyD 2017 eefh,Ofh/ rBmrDjrfgbeBh awyefwmrfb eBm;qmifj qldOf;qmifj[Fif;umef

nefnrfbrD;Owf; tvj qDhoifb{j [Fif;umefqldOf;wmifbqvmif; nrfbxkufbwDj nrfbxkufbqOfjeBm;qldOf;eefh {jugMbwmifbqvmif;rfgb/ oifeBm;qmifjauMUvfg

qmifjulef;nrfbrD;Ofgqkdif awyefwmrfbidkef; 4 oFef xkdif 8 oFefOmwfb awMbauMU? w.efjwMb[Fif;umeforfh awyefwmrfbikdef; 1 oFef tvj wmrfbc.ufj 5 yDeB,Ofh/

v.ifjwkrfh,.efjrBmrDjrfgbeBhtwhyAef ayM;[Fif;umefnrfbrD;Ofgqkdif eBm;qmifj{jn.ufbumefurf;vAOf/ rmifauMUauMj nrfbvBjuMjqmifj aonrfbuM; xkufbolifbrldOf;vFefvdef/

rldefvldefusKefbeefh [Fif;umef r.ufj 6 rkdefbauMU rldOf;ckdef;rldif;rmefj/ [Fif;umefrldOf;ugMb wif;erfwif;vBmeBh q.rfqkdifjrldif;xB; nrfbolefqfg/ “nrfb[kdifoif

[Fif;umefawy.ufjrM;[Awf;umefckdef;ulpf;”OMjeB/ ,.efhyldOfj eBm;qmifjcOf ugMbwkuf;,.ef;tvj vlify.ifqkdifj qifb,.rf;yefao ykdefzmOfbn.ufbrM;OMj awcgmufjcmOf;,

mrf;qfgUwkdOf;rBmrDjrfgbeBhugMbxFifj 180 Oef; (6 vldef)/ efg;cmOf;wmif;eefh awyefcmOf;,mrf;wMb 2 Olifj {jqOfjeBm;n.ef[Fif;umefugMb ofgbqvmif;rfgbtvj ,kdefj,.

ef;Ofg[Fif;umefrfgbeefh,Ofh/ efg;tujofgbqvmif;rfgb,lbeefh vlify.ifqkdifjcOf {j[Fif;umef [Awf;Ofg CI xFifj/ w.efjwMb[Fif;umef rM;[Awf;umefrldif;xB;eBh xFifjvBm;ekdifjyAef

{j[Fif;umefcOfrldOf;ugMb[Awf; ymwfhoy.wfb aocOfjrM;ckdef;vlpfj MOU eefh,Ofh/ ayM;xkdifvldefwDboFrfbyldOfbrM; vlify.ifqkdifjawy.ifbcmOfbyefxFifjOMj awvBj[A

wf;qldifh[kdOfawMbugMbrldOf;eMjtvj uMjqfgUqBmb awrD;qldifh[kdOf qFifjvFif;xFifjurf;ekdifj/ rBmrDj “v.ifjqwf;umef[Fif;umef,mefrldif; B.E. 2560” eBh rD;acMjvDvD

wMbawrlefhtr; wFrfjofgbxFifj,lb rldefeifb yefwmrfbeBm;qmifjnef odrf;OBhOfg[Fif;umefc.ifvkufjqmifj tvj aw[Awf;{jcufhw.efj v.ifjvFufjvBmjeBm;qmifj

{jref;iBmjvlrfjwldOf;rM; qugMbqldOf;eBh yAefacMjvDaowMU wMbvlif;rkdOf;[Awf;omifjawhawheBh nrfb[efrD;OBh qFifjvFif;/

“ikdef;vldefcMjvBj 5b800 Omwfb awvBjqBmb uMj+ifj? uMjqfgUqBmbefg;=def;? uMjwmif;udefwmif;,Frfh?

tvj ikdef;wMb udefvlbvlUwBm qldOf;eBh/ yAefemif;,dif;auMUvAOftvj vBjyFif;udefyFif;qBmbawhawh/

rmify.ufjauMj udefcOfjuyf;yM? rmify.ufjauMjudefcOfjuyf;zuf; qldOf;eBhulpf;/ oifrD;cmOf;,mrf;auMj

cwf;qfg[Awf;umef wmifbwDjxFifjtvj ikdef;nefvBjrM;eefh ayM;,lbayM;udefao

vBjvlbvBjwmef;ugMb,lb” emif;,dif; [Awf;umefvldufjyM efg;=if;imef;vmwfj/

“rldOfju.efbeefh cMjtvj wif;zlOfcMj [Awf;eM; ekdifjOef;vBj 150

OmwfbawMbauMU/ ikdef;eBhauMj ayM;qfgUqBmbugMbOef;vfgOef;eefhul

pf;/ uMjqfgUqBmbvkufjn.efb? uMjuM;[yfholifb=if;[Aef;? uMjwmif;udef?

uMjyBm;,lbvD oif=rfjyM;qldOf;eBhqkdifj ikdef;nrfbayM;cMj” emif;,dif;[Awf;umefolefvmwfj/

“,mrf;vAOf cMjrD;ywfhoy.wfb (qlOfjcmOf;) ao ,if;wkdufhqfgUvBj,lb/ ulpf;uMj awvBjvBmjyAef OfgoDc.ifxFifj OMjeB/ uMj[Awf;OfgoDc.

ifeBhawoAifj 7b800 Omwfb? qOfjeBm;vmwfjOMj v.ifj[Awf;OfgoDc.iftvj uMjqfgUqBmbqldOf;eBh nrfbq.Bj[Awf;? nrfbnOfykefjz.ef; aonrfbuM;

{jqfgU y.B;qM; [Awf;/ wkdufh[Awf;OfgoDc.ifb ,Ofhnrfb[kdifnrfbemef; {j[Awf;Ofg CL xFifj/ oif[Awf;Ofg CL ,Ofh efg;cmOf;wmif; 15 Oef;

awvBjwmifb,.ef; Ofgcgmifh[Awf;umef? oifOMjnrfbwmifb,.ef;vBj efg;cmOf;wmif;eefheB Ofg CL auMjawnrfbqfgUvBj/ w.efjwMbaw,.ef;

Ofgcgmifh[Awf;umefeBh awvBj,.ef;acMjrkef; Owf;Ofgc.ifqOfjeBm;/ ulpf;uMj qOfjeBm;cMjeBh nrfbcfgjyef Ofgawhref; yefzkdefrldef (...) ref;ulpf;/

awMjvAOfcMj=dOfheMb ayM;Oef;qefrM; ,lOftc; awvBjwdwf;awMbwif; y.B;qM; ulpf;[MUnrfb=U? Ofgcgmifh[Awf;umefeBh oif[Awf;[if;ulpf;

awoAifj 100 Omwfb ayM;qfgUyB.;qM; awoAifj,lb 2500 Omwfb” emif;,dif;[Awf;umefefg;olef,mif\MbyMbvmwfj/

oifrBmrDjrfgbeBhyAefawhrM;,lbaowMU w.efjwMb zOemif;,dif;awckdefj,fgbrfgbokifeBh ,if;wkdufh,myfbzkdwfb OBh,lb/ v.ifj[Awf;Owf;OfgeBh,if;wkdufhawrD;ugMb

xFifj,lbtvj oifOMjzdwf;yldifeB ,if;wkdufh awqmifj xkufbpM;wmrfb? xkufbp.yf;,lb/ wmif;vlOfbemif;,dif;cOfawhawheBhyAef “rBmrDjukrf;xdif;wlpf;xkdif

[Fif;umef” eefh,Ofh/ v.ifjwmifb,.ef;OfgauMj awvBjyAefwDjiBmjvlrf tvj qwf;umefvBjzAifbyAif; wif;eBm;qmifj? wif;vkufjqmifjeefh,Ofh/

yef[MxFifjnefekdifjorfhyAef ulef;qldOf;nrfbrD;Ofgukduf;wlOfrldif;rmefj rldefeifb ulef;rldif;qldOf;nrfbw.efhrD; Ofgukduf;wlOfrldif;rmefjrM;aoy.

ufj? urfjz.ifjauMj wluf;[BmrldOfjyBmjokduf;? ulef;qldOf;rM;uldwfbrldif;xB; qldOf;eBh ,mrf;vAOfnrfbyBbrD;v.uf;vBm; wMbawrD; OfgaonefnefyefcOf/

acMjwkuf;,.ef;

z.if;rldOfjrkufhqkrf;rFyfb (MAP Foundation) yefwmif;=Uemif;,dif;cOf uAOfbuyf; “uMj[Fif;ukrfbxlefj” eefh emif;,dif;urfjerf nrfbyBbvBjuMj[Fif;cufhwFrfb (300

Omwfb)/ cOfrBjqfgwMbeMj=def;? Owf;OfgauMjvFufjvBmj,lb wMbaobtvj rBjqfgv.ifj=rfbvlrfjcOfqldOf;eBh/ w.efjwMbzOqOfjuOfb awvDvldOf tvj [Awf;{jxkdif wmif;,dl

if;nmef;qOfjuOfbqldOf;eBh nrfbw.efhvBjvmwfjxkdif Olefhxkdifaoy.ufj ukrfbvBjrBjqfgw.efjwMbOwf;Ofg awvBmjxFifjrldOfjvfg? oAifjikdef;xFifjuMj[kdOf qldOf;eBh,lbwMbaob/

cfgj{jckefrldif;cOfy.ifbqfgOMj “umefyluf;y.ifeBhnrfbrD; [Fif;umefemif;,dif;eBhnrfbyAef? [Awf;oifnrfbruf;refj uMjcefnAef[Fif;emif;,dif;nefq.Bj,lb/

[Awf;{julef;qldOf;[Awf; udefOef;vfgOef;eefh wkufhcMU,Ofh wkufhcMUxFifj/ qfgU[Fif;emif;,dif;omifjOmefjrldif;ckdefj,fgbrM; ulpf;uMj orfhnOfrBmrDj rM;wAuf;wAifayhudef

,lbxFifj/ v.ifjwkufhc tvj ykefjz.ef; nefemif;,dif;vBj[myfb,lbeBh [Of;cMjnrfb[mefhqfgvM;vM; ,.efheef wkuf;,.ef;{j vlify.ifqkdifjxB; tvj vlify.

ifqkdfifjrldif;rmefj [Awf;yef[Of;cMj q.rf;eifb acMjwkuf;,.ef;yMj wfgjeBh –

(1) wkuf;,.ef;{jOBhuMjcefemif;,dif;uljauMUtvj ruf;refjyef erfhuwfhemif;,dif; nefq.Bjyluf;y.ifyef {jyBm;rmufjrD;wif;o.ifrldif; rldif;rmefj tvj

rldif;xB;ckdefj,fgb/ eyfh,rf okefbvBjokefbyAefemif;,dif; qldOf;eBh/

o qldOf;[Awf;umefrldefuef? qfgUcmOf;,mrf;rldefuef wkuf;,.ef;{jyefuMj[Fif;rldefuef tvj awvBjr.wfbyFwfjrBmrDj nefqFufbtzuMj[Fif; ,dif;qBm;n

rfbzAifbyAif;uefeefh/

o {jruf;refjyef emif;,dif;[Fif;umef,mefrldif;tvj yefokefbvBjwlpf;v.rf[Fif;umef rdlefeifb yuefoifclrf; wArfwArfxlefjxlefj/

o wkuf;,.ef;{jyefcgmifhuldwfbvkufjvlpfj vBj[yfhikdef;vldef/

o wkuf;,.ef;{j yefcgmifh{julef;efg;=def; [Awf;OfgvBjuljauMU (ayMjxOfjtrjxOfj? ayMjtrj? vkufjvmif;)

“ikdef;vldef[Of;awvBjuMj[kdOfawhawh< uMj[Fif;vBm;Oef;uMj[kdOf< ayM;[Awf;e.ufjcmOf;,mrf; awvBjuMj[kdOf< qugMbqldOf;eBh cfgj=UqFifjvFif;/

,OfhauMj cfgj{jqOfjeBm;[Of;cMj=UacMjrkef;qldOf;eBhyM; ,.efheef q.Bj[Awf; zkdefvdufj uAOfbuyf;uMj[Fif;eBhyef vBmvBmzMboMb {juljauMUvBjcOfjqfg” [Fif;umefemif;,dif; cOfwkuf;,.ef; eifbeB/

(2) v.ifjqOfjeBm; udefqduf;w.ufbq.uf; yFwfhvFef[Fif;umef qldOf;eefh ,.ef;{jvlify.ifqkdifjwif;o.ifrldif; (rmefj-xB;) q.Bj[Awf;omifjyef q.rf;eifbyMjwfgjeBh

o {jzkduf;z.efhyefemif;,dif; rM;nOfykefjz.ef; zBmbq.BjvldOf[Fif;umef? {jcOf=U tvj rD;acMjrkef; uljv.ifjv.ifj uAOfbuyf;[Fif;umeftvj v.

ifjuyf;okdyfbuyf;omefuljwDjwDj/ {jemif;,dif;qldOf;rD;erfh uwfheBh [Awf;umefwDjvkrf; z.if;wFef; (wmefb,lif;)? [Awf;umefwDjvkrf;

qwf;[Mimef;qldOf;eefh/

o omifjyefwDjwdwf;awMb eifb[kdOf[Fif;umef,mefrldif; awqmifjwdwf;awMbiBmjvlrfqfg z.if;rldOfjwluf;udef;tvj rD;wmif;,myfbzkdwfb

“oif[Of;nrfbvBjidkef;vldef? xkufbv.ufbqldOf;eBh [Of;cMjcfgjwldifbxkdifvkrf;q.BjxFrf/ ,.efheef oifrD;vkrf;OBh wMbzBmbeBhurf;okdOfj

{jqmifjwdwf;awMbvBj wmif;Zlif;? wmif;nD;ar;? wmif; Facebook qldOf;eBh” [Fif;umefemif;,dif;cOfwkuf;,.ef;eifbeB/

(3) v.ifjudefol;udefvmyfj efg;tuj[Awf;Owf;OfgeBhauMj wkuf;,.ef;{j ckefrldif; wif;o.ifrldif; q.Bjtuj vdwfjyef

o efg;cufhw.efj[Awf;Owf;OfgeBh rmify.ufjauMj vlOfulef;q.Bj tvj yB.;qM;,lb ,.efhyldOfjrmifauMU nrfbvBjzMboMb/ ulpf;uMj wkuf;,.ef;,Mb{jcOfv.

ufbudef[Fif;umef/

o ayM;rD;ulef;ugMbwldifb v.ifjOMjrD;v.ifjudefol;udefvmyfjeBhauMj wkuf;,.ef;{jq.Bjt[Uuifjyef auMUnefugMbwldifbvmwfjeefh

(eifb[kdOfcOfawnrfbxlyf;az;)

o ayM;rD;qOfjeMjwDjcOf udefol;udefvmyfjauMj awvBjnOfvldifjyefawhawh/

“OBm;ao ykdefzmOfbn.ufbrM;OMj awvBj[Awf;Ofgymwfboy.wfbrfgbeefh qOfjeBm;cMjauMj n.ufbOBhyef uMjOfg 6500 Omwfb/ qOfjeBm;qifb[uf;nOf

efg;idkef;vldef ekdifjvldef 200 Omwfb/ Ofgcgmifh[Awf;umeftwh qmifjy.B;qM; (eBm;eMj) ao[Awf;nOf” emif;,dif;[Awf;umef wDj=if;imef;ukifjvmwfj/

(4) cufhw.efj[Awf;OfgauMj wkuf;,.ef;{jrlefhtr;{jref;cOfjqfgiBmjtvj [Awf;vBjiBmjndwf;ekdifj/

o {jvlify.ifqkdifjo.ifrldif; awvBj=rfjrkdOf;uefao [Awf;{jumef[Awf;OfgeBh qFifjvFifjiBmjvlrfjckdefj? wMbawvBj Ofgvyfhv.if;ulef;rldif;eefhauMj

{jyefcmOf;,mrf;[Awf; tvj ykdwfb{j[Awf;vBj wMbaob/ {jref;rD;ayMbvoDbcmOf;,mOf;yM;q.rf;/

o w.efjwMb[Awf;Ofgvyfhv.if;qldOf;eBh cufhw.efjrD;qldifh[kdOf? cmOf;,mrf;? [Awf;wDjvfg? uMjqfgUqBmbrD; qldifh[kdOf qugMbqldOf;eBh {jykdefn.ufb zMboMb qmOf;cldOf;

nefuljauMUnmefbn.ufbtvj cOfjqfg eefh/

“[Of;cMjcfgjvBj Owf;nefqfgUvBjcmOf;,mOf; tvjnrfboAifjikdef;erf/ ayM;yAefqldifheef awqmifjq.BjyefuMj qfgUqBmb emif;qmifjyM;q.

rf;eefh,Ofh” emif;,dif;[Fif;umefauMUekdifjvmwfj/

(5) q.rf;eifbwmif;vlOfb ulef;[Awf;umefaotvj wkuf;,.ef;vlify.ifqkdifjwif;o.ifrldif; q.Bjtujyef ayMbvoDb nefvmwfjOBhOMj awolifbulef;[Awf;umefyAefrlb?

yAefqkrf;/

o q.rf;eifbwmif;vlOfbulef;[Awf;umeftvj q.rf;eifberfhuwfhwmif;arM [Fif;umefrD;eefhao ,.ef;{jyefcgmifh {jcOfvldufj[Awf;tvj yefcgmifh{jcOf

cOfjrM;wmif;vFefvdefvBj/

o ,.ef;{j[Awf;Ofgyefq.rf;eifbwmif;vlOfb[Fif;umef tvj {j[Fif;umefugMb[Awf;[if;ulpf;vBj/ ,.ef;{jvBjcgmifh[Awf;umefvBj vBmvBmwDj/

o ,.efj{jrlefhtr; MOUU tvj v.ifjuFwfbtcwlpf;xkdif[Fif;umefqldOf;eBh/ {jrD;zdkefvdufj [yfh[Awf; umefyefulef;[Awf;umeftrjOmefj qldOf;eBh/

“oifeBm;qmifjnrfb[Awf;q.rf;eifb rBmrDjqkdifj qOfjeMjwDjzBmbvfgeefh awvBjnOfvldifjyefurf;vAOf? eBm;qmifjnef okdyfbzdwf;rBmrDj,lbwduf;

wduf;qldOf;eefh xkufbvDwwf;yFwfj ,Mbyefcgmifh{jcOfqmifjulef; vBjxFifj” [Fif;umefemif;,dif;auMUekdifjvmwfj/

Published by the Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development. 2017. For more information about our Feminist Participatory Action Research, please visit www.apwld.org

MAP Foundation

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Tel: +66 53 328 134 Email: map@mapfoundationcm.org