ZAP!• Object: End with the most points

• The first team to have a representative stand will answer the question.

• IF correct, your team get 2 points and a ZAP! Card.

• Your team must then follow the instructions

• Ex. Switch scores with another team, ZAP! Another team.

• ZAP! Means the score returns to zero.

Name 2 of the 5 soil forming factors

• A: Time, Organisms, Parent Material, Topography, Climate

How is soil transported?A: Glacial Ice

Wind

Water

Gravity

Define Parent Material

• A: The rock that is broken down to form soil.

What are the four changes that NATURALLY occur in soil?

• Additions

• Losses

• Transformations

• Translocations

What is found in the “O” horizon?

• A:This is an organic layer made up of partially decayed plant and animal

debris. It generally occurs in undisturbed soil such as in a forest.

Which horizon is also known as the ‘topsoil’?

• A: “A” Horizon

Why is the “B” Horizon known as the ‘zone of

accumulation’?

• A: Chemicals leached from the A and E horizons collect here.

• What is another name for the “B” Horizon?

Which is lower in the profile, the “C” or “R”

Horizon?• A: “R” – Underlying Bedrock

• “C” Horizon – Parent Material

Rank the 3 soil particles in size from largest to smallest

What is soil texture?A: The fineness or coarseness

of a soil

What are the four characteristics that are influenced by soil

texture?

Water-holding capacity—the ability of a soil to retain water for use by plants

Permeability—the ease with which air and water may pass through the soil

Soil workability—the ease with which soil may be tilled and the timing of working the soil after a rain

Ability of plants to grow—some root crops like carrots and onions will have difficulty growing in a fine-textured soil

Identify an agricultural use for soil

Cropland

Pasture

Forest

Urban Agriculture

What percentage of land in the US is used for cropland?

A: 24%

True or False: Class IV land is MORE restricted than Class V land

• A: False

• Rank all 8 classes

When we say a piece of land has a 9% slope, what do we mean?

• A: For every 100 feet horizonally, the land DROPS 9

feet

• What class would this be found in?

Define Soil Erosion

• A: The process by which soil is moved

What is one cause of accelerated erosion?

• A: Plowing

• Is erosion ALWAYS bad?

Describe the steps of the erosion process

Loosening of soil particles

Moving of soil particles

Deposition of soil particles

What are the three types of wind erosion? Describe one.

• A: Saltation – Medium sized particles are lifted into the air, but fall back to

the ground

• Suspension – Small particles are kept airborne

• Creep – Large particles ‘creep’ along the ground

Name and describe the 3 types of water erosion

A: Sheet erosion – Thin layers of soil are worn away

Rill erosion – Small channels are formed by running water

Gully erosion – Rills continue to wash away and become more severe

What are 2 On-Site effects of soil erosion?

• A: Removal of Topsoil

• Nutrient Loss

• Loss of Plant-Available Water

List at least 2 urban soil conservation methods.

• A: Silt Fences

• Cover Crops

• Mulching

List at least 2 horticultural/agricultural

soil conservation methods.

• A: Cover Crops

• Contour Cropping

• Terraces

• Grass Strips/Ditches

• Windbreaks

• Conservation Tillage

QUESTIONS?Note: This is NOT

everything that may be on the test