Zakes Mda – The Heart Of Redness

Xhosa terms used in text:

isiXhosa – the Xhosa languageumXhosa – a Xhosa personamaXhosa – the Xhosa ethnicitykwaXhosa – the eastern cape, geographically/historically associated with the Xhosa people. ubuthi – evil charms poisoning the land, witchcraft (14)lawukazi – someone from the Khoikhoi tribe (25)donga – a wall?amaKhankatha – Xhosa menamaBhinqa – Xhosa womenamagqiyazana – young girls who have not reached pubertyukukrexeza – having extra-marital partnersnkamnkam – old-age pensionamahomba – fashionable people (47)amagqobhoka – enlightened ones (48)amaThamba – the believers (98)amaGoyota – the unbelievers (98)imilozi – whistled language of the spirits (122), see 135imbhizon – village meetingamafaca – the emaciated ones (i.e. the believers during the post-cattle slaughter famine)

Character List:a.PresentJohn Dalton Xhosa-speaking trader in Qolorha

‘The Misses’ John Dalton’s wife

Camagu

NomaRussia see 289, 42 – 44,

MamCirchaNoGiant members of [Camagu`s] co-operative society, later joined by NoPetticoat

Believers:ZimNoEngland Zim`s deceased wife, involved in scandal (see 43 - 44)

Twin sculptor, living/dying in Johannesberg, Zim`s son, see 307 – 308 & chapter 2

Qukezwa Zim`s daughter, becomes pregnant immaculately (see 200)

Heitsi Qukezwa`s son, named after prophet, see 24, 287 - 288, (312), 319 - 320

Unbelievers:BhoncoNoPetticoatXoliswa Ximiya

Gxagxa Qukezwa`s horse, named after land, see 235, 316

b. Past Xikixa known as ‘The Headless Ancestor’, see 21, 147

TwinTwin-Twin sons of Xikixa, origin of believers/unbelievers dispute, see 244, 313, 299 a (all for Twin-twin)

Qukezwa khoikhoi wife of Twin

Heitsi Qukezwa and Twin`s child, named after khoikhoi prophet, see 24, 312, 319 - 320

Mhakaza/Wilhelm Goliath uncle of Nongqawuse, speculated to be controlling her. Formerly Christian

Nxito

Prophets:Nongqawuse see 39; 60; 67; 233; 283 (virgins)

Mlanjeni see 13 – 26

NokosiNxeleNtsikani prior to events of the narrative

British:John DaltonThe Man Who Named Ten Rivers

Index:Afrikaaners 7; 160African renaissance 185African culture 285 - 286beauty 1; 27; 37; 41; 43; (57): 70 – 71; 79; 81 (bhonco); (89); 90; 99;

111; 114; 130; 131; (139); 148; 159; 160; 175; 184; 195; 197; 213; 219; 222; 249; 259; 261; 269; 308;

belief 3; 40; 68; 191; 213; 283; colour symbolism 174; 223; 312; 319; see reddreams 39; 66; 80; 102 – 103; 146 – 147; 177; 178; 195; 196; 200; (263);

(269); (275); 305; 312; Death/dying 292; 293; 294; 305 (cf. camagu`s dream & sea)exile 28; 31; 32; 34; 129; 144; 211; (213);

a Compare Bhonco, 313, 315 - 316

free/indirect style 9; 12; 75; 97; 106; 114; 274 – 275, 277 – 279; etc. happiness, pursuit of 209 – 210;history 4; 7; 206; see photograph, back cover & 318

scars 12; 13 – 26; 81; 130; 179; (261); 269; 296; 298; 300; 301 – 302; madness 79; 106; 120; 146; 269, 271, 275 (Bhonco, laughter); 313majola 112; 172 – 173; 185; mourning/grief 9; chapter 2; 40; 81; 84; 93; 104; 181; 252; 262; 309; 317modernity 74 - 75; 105; 118; 156; 172; 247; 260; 286 (self-reliance)?;male lust 12; 30; 43; 59; 116; 120 – 121; 198; 200; 214; 253; (263); music 27; 29; 174; 175; 176; 177; 202; 223; 265; Past 157; 197; 204; (209); 285; Past Episodes 13 – 26; 52 – 60; 83 – 99; 121 – 130; 141 – 157; 176 – 183;

209 – 215; 236 – 244; 265 – 269; 292 – 299; see 313 – endpolitics 161; 189; 197 – 198; 207 – 208;progress 75; 77; (106); 108; 261; primitive 109 – 110; 163(?); 296; see heart of darkness

pining 204 – 205; 263; Russians 70; 203 - 204; find passage about black russians

Sea/sexuality 66; 80; 102 – 103; (176);196; see also 139; find passage about seafood aphrodisiacs

Sea/Heitsi 312; 313; 317; 318 – 320 Notice “save his people”, cf. New people from sea

Stoicism 1; 9title red 5; 79; 90; 105; (148); 149; 158?; 167; 169; 183; 184; (190); (212);

249; 257; 261; 300; 301; heart 7; 12; heart of darkness 19; 75; 76; 78; 79; 142; 145; 154; 156; 168; 190; (232); 237; 269;

see madnessunbelief 3; 4; 68; 80; 81 – 82; 95; 94 – 99; 108 ; 191; 209; 299; western superiority 48; 53; 61; 64; 73; 75; 79; 96; 141; 145 (superstition); 156; 172;

180 (k-word); 193 (british barbarianism); (230 - 231); Xhosa custom 13; 22; 80; (96); 97; 108; 173; 179; 186; 236; 245 - 247; 264; 279;

280; 287; gender 2; 3; (10); circumcision 3; 7; 14; 50; 76; (108); 119; 168; 169; 183; 233 – 234; Bhonco 2; 4; 6; 262

Notice links between past episodes and present between the end and beginning of each respectively. Notice repetition chapter 12, and shift to present tense for past scenes. Notice use of past continuous (aspect) in past espisodes. See Chapter 12, NB, 313 – 320.