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UML interview questions

1. What is UML? UML is Unified Modeling Language. It is a graphical language

for visualizing specifying constructing and documenting the artifacts of thesystem. It allows you to create a blue print of all the aspects of the system,before actually physically implementing the system.

2. What is modeling? What are the advantages of creating a model?

Modeling is a proven and well-accepted engineering technique which helps builda model. Model is a simplification of reality; it is a blueprint of the actual system

that needs to be built. Model helps to visualize the system. Model helps tospecify the structural and behavior of the system. Model helps make templatesfor constructing the system. Model helps document the system.

3. What are the different views that are considered when building an

object-oriented software system? Normally there are 5 views. Use Caseview - This view exposes the requirements of a system. Design View - Capturingthe vocabulary. Process View - modeling the distribution of the systemsprocesses and threads. Implementation view - addressing the physicalimplementation of the system. Deployment view - focus on the modeling thecomponents required for deploying the system.

4. What are diagrams? Diagrams are graphical representation of a set of

elements most often shown made of things and associations.

5. What are the major three types of modeling used? Major three types of

modeling are structural, behavioral, and architectural.

6. Mention the different kinds of modeling diagrams used? Modeling

diagrams that are commonly used are, there are 9 of them. Use case diagram,Class Diagram, Object Diagram, Sequence Diagram, statechart Diagram,Collaboration Diagram, Activity Diagram, Component diagram, DeploymentDiagram.

7. What is Architecture? Architecture is not only taking care of the structural

and behavioral aspect of a software system but also taking into account thesoftware usage, functionality, performance, reuse, economic and technologyconstraints.

8. What is SDLC? SDLC is Software Development Life Cycle. SDLC of a system

included processes that are Use case driven, Architecture centric and Iterative
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and Incremental. This Life cycle is divided into phases. Phase is a time spanbetween two milestones. The milestones are Inception, Elaboration,Construction, and Transition. Process Workflows that evolve through thesephase are Business Modeling, Requirement gathering, Analysis and Design,Implementation, Testing, Deployment. Supporting Workflows are Configurationand change management, Project management.

9. What are Relationships? There are different kinds of relationships:

Dependencies, Generalization, and Association. Dependencies are relationsships between two entities that that a change in specification of one thing mayaffect another thing. Most commonly it is used to show that one class usesanother class as an argument in the signature of the operation. Generalization isrelationships specified in the class subclass scenario, it is shown when oneentity inherits from other. Associations are structural relationships that are: aroom has walls, Person works for a company. Aggregation is a type ofassociation where there is a has a relation ship, That is a room has walls, f there are two classes room and walls then the relation ship is called a

association and further defined as an aggregation.

10. How are the diagrams divided? The nine diagrams are divided into static

diagrams and dynamic diagrams.

11. Static Diagrams (Also called Structural Diagram): Class diagram, Object

diagram, Component Diagram, Deployment diagram.

12. Dynamic Diagrams (Also called Behavioral Diagrams): Use Case Diagram,

Sequence Diagram, Collaboration Diagram, Activity diagram, Statechartdiagram.

13. What are Messages? A message is the specification of a communication,when a message is passed that results in action that is in turn an executablestatement.

14. What is an Use Case? A use case specifies the behavior of a system or a

part of a system, cases are used to capture the behavior that need to be developed. It involves the interaction of actors and the system.

Medical management interview questions

1. If I called a member of your current staff and asked them to tell

me about you, what would they say?

2. What actions would you take if you came on board?

3. How do you lead?

4. Whats your secret to getting subordinates to follow you?


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5. How do you motivate employees?

6. How do you reward employees?

7. Describe your management philosophy and management style.

8. Some managers supervise their employees closely, while othersuse a loose rein. How do you manage?

9. How have you improved as a manager over the years?

10. How many people have you fired? How do you go aboutit?

11. How would you deal with an employee who broke a policy(ie: late for work)?

12. How would you deal with an employee who was not open

and honest in communication?

13. It is very hard to attract (critical care, ER, OR, OB etc.)nurses to this area. What are some strategies youmight use to have enough qualified nurses to be sure patients getquality care in the facility?

14. What single professional event made you most proud tobe a manager/leader?

15. What event made you least proud to be a leader?

16. In prior positions did you have budgeting responsibilities?If so, what was the size of your operating budget?

17. Do you know how to figure FTEs?

18. What is your definition of empowerment?

19. What is your definition of Quality Assurance (QA), andwho should be responsible, for QA?

20. Tell me about a time when your manager made a decision

you disagreed with. What actions did you take and why?

21. Tell me about a time when you had to handle a disruptiveemployee. What did you do? What were theresults?

22. Tell me about a time when you had to deal with an iratephysician, patient, employee etc. How did you handle it and what


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was the result?

23. How have you managed to foster a successful team inyour past positions?

24. What methods have you found successful in determining

the priorities when you start in a new facility?

25. What methods do you use to foster open communicationwith staff and management?

26. Tell me about a work incident when you were totallyhonest, despite a potential risk or downside for thehonesty.

27. How did you handle a recent situation where the directionfrom above was unclear and circumstances were changing?

28. Describe how you motivated a group of people to dosomething they did not want to do.

29. Who is your most effective subordinate and your least effective

subordinate?What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? What have youdone to develop each of these subordinates?

30. Tell me about some of the people who have becomesuccessful as a result of your management. What was your role intheir development?

31. What are the major training and development needs of the

people in your department? How did you identify them? What areyou doing about them?

32. Are there any techniques you have found useful inidentifying particular subordinates needs and potentials? Tell mehow they worked with a particular person.

33. What do you do differently than other managers? Why?Examples?

34. What is the farthest youve had to bend your standards inorder to succeed?

35. What job duties would you like to avoid if at all possible?

36. Describe a time in which you weighed the pros and consof a situation and decided not to take action, even though you were


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under pressure to do so?

37. All of us have been in situations where we assigned work to

other people and they didnt do what we intended. Can you tell meabout some of those? What were the circumstances and how didyou handle it?

38. Have you ever had problems in getting your subordinatesto accept your ideas or department goals? What approach did youuse? How effective was it?

39. Have you ever needed cooperation from groups that didnot report to you? What did you do to gain cooperation? What werethe satisfactions and disappointments?

40. Is there a trait or characteristic about you that you find isfrequently misunderstood, that surprises you when you find out

that people think that about you?

41. What 3 things do you hope to accomplish in your f irstyear?

42. What do you expect of those who report to you? If candidate responds with a one word answer (for example saying,

support you can probe further by asking the candidate to describethree behaviors that she/he would view as being supportive.

43. If you had an unfavorable plan (i.e., budget) toimplement, what would you do to get the managers buy in and

support?

44. With the current nursing shortage, what are two solutionsyou would like to see put in place?

45. What kind of support do you offer managers, directorsand front-line staff, knowing the stress of the nursing shortage andthe increasing acuity of our patients?

46. Tell us about a high level innovative idea/change that youimplemented. Was it or was it not successful?

IT management interview questions

A recruiter for executive search company forwarded the list ofquestions that are usually asked by one top technology company fornewly hired IT managers, CIOs, CTOs and division Vice Presidents. Noanswers, naturally, as some questions are highly personal and there


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are no 100% correct answers.

1. Summarize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats ofthe financial position of the company as you understand them.

2. We view the accounting/financial management functions in thisposition as more than tracking numbers, but tracking and analyzingnumber to find ways to reduce expenditures and increase revenues.What experience do you have in using your accounting and financialmanagement skills to identify waste and opportunity? What were theresults of your efforts?

3. How have you increased revenues in the previous companiesyouve worked for?

4. How much success have you had with budgets you have developed

or assisted in developing? Explain.

5. When you think about managing the optical networking group,what do you think? How would you approach this responsibility? Whatwould you like to know about it?

6. What are the most important policies and procedures in yourphilosophy to cash management?

7. When analyzing your group budget, what would you be looking for?

8. Describe two instances when you had to work weekends or

evenings to meet expectations and/or fill the gap from otheremployees and/or subordinates?

9. What types of reports would you like to review your first month onthe job and why? What kind of regular meetings would you schedulewith your division managers?

10. What experience do you have with Local AreaNetworks/Servers/computer technicians and dealing with vendors?

11. What do you want staff to tell you about their position yourfirst week on the job? After the first month?

12. How will you determine your expectations from your staff? Atwhat point do you believe it is important to give staff a PreviewReview"?

13. How will you help staff change from a This is how Ivealways done it. to new processes you implement?


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14. How do you reward excellence, innovation, initiative,teamwork?

15. How many performance evaluations have you conducted inthe last 12 months? How did your reports fare? How did you help themdo well? What could you have done to help them perform at thehighest level?

Mathematical puzzles for call centerinterviews

These questions were asked by Indian call center outsourcingcompany TISL. Generally the applicant for Support Technician or CallCenter Operator is given the sheet with the problems below(calculators allowed) and 30 minutes to complete the written test. Theanswers are usually supplied in multiple-choice format, however, theformat that I got had the answers filled in.

1. A boy multiplied a number with 10 and got 100. If he

divided it by 10, what would be the answer? Answer is 1

2. If a 12 shell cupboard requires 18 ft of wall space then how

much wall space would a 30 cup shelf require? Answer is 45

3. The average salary of three employee is $950 per week. If

one employee earns $1150 and other earns $650 rupees, howmuch will third be earn? Answer is $1050

4. During a given week a programmer spend 1/4 of his time

preparing charts,3/8 of his time for coding,rest of his time fordebugging the programs.If he had 48 hrs during the week howmany hours did he spend debugging the program. Answer is18hrs

5. A 16 story building has 12000ft on each floor. Company A

rents 7 floors and company B rents 4 floors. What is thenumber of square feet of unrented floor space? Answer is 60000sqft

6. A man owns 2/3 of a computer service buroue business and

sells 3/4 of his share for $75000.What is the value of thebusiness. Answer is 150,000

7. A computer printer produces 176400 lines in a given day. If

the printer is in operation for 7 hrs during the day how manylines did it print per minute? Answer is 420

8. From its total income a company spent $20000 for
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advertising, half of the remainder on bonuses and had $6000left.What was the total income? Answer is $32000

9. In a certain company 20% of the men and 40% of the

women attended the annual company picnic.If 35% of all theemployees are men .What % of all the employee went to thepicnic? Answer is 33%

10. If a card punch operator can process 80 cards in half an

hour How many cards can this process in 7hr30min? Answer is1200

11. In a computer tape library there are two racks with 40 tapes

per rack.In a given day 30 tapes are in use . What fractionremains in the rack? Answer is 5/8

Bioinformatics interview questions

The following questions are asked at a written exam by Indiansubcontractor Wipro. Its for bioinformatics position, but requiresgood knowledge of Math and Chemistry, as well as basic logicalthinking skills suitable for SATs.

1.When a bicycle is in motion, the force of friction exerted bythe ground on the two wheels is such that it acts

(a) In the backward direction on the front wheel and in the forward

direction on the rear wheel.(b) In the forward direction on the front wheel and in the backwarddirection on the rear wheel. In the backward direction on both the front and rear wheels.(d) In the backward direction on both the front and rear wheels.

Ans. (d)

2. A certain radioactive element A, has a half life = t seconds.In (t/2) seconds the fraction of the initial quantity of theelement so far decayed is nearly

(a) 29%(b) 15% 10%(d) 45%

Ans. (a)


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3. Which of the following plots would be a straight line ?

(a) Logarithm of decay rate against logarithm of time(b) Logarithm of decay rate against logarithm of number of decaying

nuclei Decay rate against time(d) Number of decaying nuclei against time

Ans. (b)

4. A radioactive element x has an atomic number of 100. Itdecays directly into an element y which decays directly intoelement z. In both processes a charged particle is emitted.Which of the following statements would be true?

(a) y has an atomic number of 102

(b) y has an atomic number of 101 z has an atomic number of 100(d) z has an atomic number of 101

Ans. (b)

5. If the sum of the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c=0 isequal to the sum of the squares of their reciprocals then a/c,b/a, c/b are in

(a) AP

(b) GP HP(d) None of these

Ans.

6. A man speaks the truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a dieand reports it to be a 6. What is the probability of it being a 6?

(a) 3/8(b) 5/8

3/4(d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

7. If cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = 1 then ABC is a

(a) Right angle triangle


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(b) Equilateral triangle All the angles are acute(d) None of these

Ans. (a)

8. Image of point (3,8) in the line x + 3y = 7 is

(a) (-1,-4)(b) (-1,4) (2,-4)(d) (-2,-4)

Ans. (a)

9. The mass number of a nucleus is

(a) Always less than its atomic number(b) Always more than its atomic number Sometimes more than and sometimes equal to its atomic number(d) None of the above

Ans.

10. The maximum KE of the photoelectron emitted from asurface is dependent on

(a) The intensity of incident radiation(b) The potential of the collector electrode The frequency of incident radiation(d) The angle of incidence of radiation of the surface

Ans.

11. Which of the following is not an essential condition forinterference

(a) The two interfering waves must be propagated in almost the

same direction orthe two interfering waves must intersect at a very small angle(b) The waves must have the same time period and wavelength Amplitude of the two waves should be the same(d) The interfering beams of light must originate from the samesource


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Ans.

12. When X-Ray photons collide with electrons

(a) They slow down(b) Their mass increases Their wave length increases(d) Their energy decreases

Ans.

13. An electron emits energy

(a) Because its in orbit(b) When it jumps from one energy level to another Electrons are attracted towards the nucleus

(d) The electrostatic force is insufficient to hold the electrons inorbits

Ans. (b)

14. How many bonds are present in CO2 molecule?

(a) 1(b) 2 0(d) 4

Ans. (d)

15. In a balanced chemical equation

(a) Atoms are conserved(b) Molecules are conserved Moles are conserved(d) Reactant and product molecules are preserved

Ans. (a)

16. How many grams of NaOH will react with 0.2 equivalent ofHCl?

(a) 0.59(b) 0.285 1.18


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(d) none of these

Ans. (a)

17. Which of the following is least acidic

(a) Ortho-cresol(b) Para-cresol Phenol(d) Meta-cresol

Ans. (b)

18. In Reimer-Tiemanns reaction, the reaction intermediateis

(a) Carbene(b) Dichloro carbene Carbonion(d) Carbonium ion

Ans. (b)

19. Which of the following is most acidic?

(a) C2H5OH(b) CH3CHOHCH3

Ethanol(d) CH3OH

Ans. (b)

20.A catalyst

(a)always slows down the reaction(b)always starts a rection that would not have ocurred at allotherwisecauses changes in the rate of the reaction

(d)changes the quantities of the products formed

Ans.

21.The rate of the first order reaction depends on the

(a) Concentration of the reactant(b) Concentration of the product


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Time(d) Temperature

Ans. (d)

22. The most abundant element in the universe is

(a) Hydrogen(b) Helium Oxygen(d) Silicon

Ans. (a)

23. Integrate 3x + 5 / (x3-x2-x+1)

(a) 1/2 log | (x+1)/(x-1) | - 4/(x-1)(b) log |2+tanx| -(1+logx)/x(d) 2 log|(tanx)/(tanx+2)

Ans. A

24. If y=cos-1(cosx + 4sinx)/(17)1/2, then dy/dx is

(a) 0(b) 1

-1(d) none of these

Ans. (b)

25. If the sum of n terms of two series of A.P are in the ratio5n+4:9n+6 .find the ratio of their 13th terms

(a) 129/231(b) 1/2 23/15

(d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

26. If the letters of the word rachit are arranged in allpossible ways and these words are writtenout as in a dictionary, what is the rank of the word rachit".


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(a) 485(b) 480 478(d) 481

Ans. (d)

27. Ravis salary was reduced by 25%.Percentage increase tobe effected to bring the salaryto the original level is

(a) 20%(b) 25% 33 1/3%(d) 30%

Ans.

28. A and B can finish a piece of work in 20 days .B and C in30 days and C and A in 40 days.In how many days will A alone finish the job

(a) 48(b) 34 2/7 44(d) 45

Ans. (a)

29. How long will a train 100m long traveling at 72kmph taketo overtake another train200m long traveling at 54kmph

(a) 70sec(b) 1min 1 min 15 sec(d) 55 sec

Ans. (b)

30. What is the product of the irrational roots of the equation(2x-1)(2x-3)(2x-5)(2x-7)=9?

(a) 3/2(b) 4 3


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(d) 3/4

Ans. (a)

31. Which of the following parameters is the same formolecules of all gases at a given temperature?

(a) Mass(b) Momentum Speed(d) Kinetic energy

Ans. (d)

32. A solid is completely immersed in liquid. The force exertedby the liquid on the solid will

(a) Increase if it is pushed deeper inside the liquid(b) Change if its orientation is changed Decrease if it is taken partially out of the liquid(d) None of the above

Ans.

33. Select the correct statements

(a) A simple harmonic motion is necessarily periodic

(b) An oscillatory motion is necessarily periodic A periodic motion is necessarily oscillatory(d) All of the above

Ans. (a)

34. An electron is injected into a region of uniform magneticflux density with the componentsof velocity parallel to and normal to the flux. What is the pathof the electron?

(a) Helix(b) Parabola Circle(d) Rectangle

Ans. (a)

35. A constant voltage is applied between the 2 ends of a


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uniform metallic wire.Some heat is developed in it. The heat developed is doubled if

(a) both the length and radius of the wire are halved.

(b) both the length and radius of the wire are doubled the radius of the wire is doubled(d) the length of the wire is doubled

Ans. (b)

36. If Youngs double slit experiment is performed in water

(a) the fringe width will decrease(b) the fringe width will increase the fringe width remains unchanged(d) there will be no fringe

Ans. (a)

37. The shape of a spot of light produced when brightsunshine passes perpendicularthrough a hole of very small size is

(a) Square, because the hole is a square(b) Round, because it is an image of the sun Round with a small penumbra around it(d) Square with a small penumbra

Ans. (b)

Select the alternative that logically follows from the two givenstatements.

38. Some forms are books. All books are made of paper

(a) Some forms are made of paper(b) Some forms are not made of paper No forms are made of paper

(d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

39. All toffees are chocolates. Some toffees are not good forhealth.

(a) Some chocolates are not good for health


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(b) Some toffees are good for health No toffees are good for health(d) Both (a) and (b)

Ans. (a)

The questions 40-46 are based on the following pattern.Theproblems below contain a question and two statements giving certaindata. You have to decide whether the data given in the statementsare sufficient for answering the questions.The correct answer is

(A) If statement (I) alone is sufficient but statement (II) alone is notsufficient.(B) If statement(II) alone is sufficient but statement(I) alone is notsufficient. If both statements together are sufficient but neither of

statements alone is sufficient.(D) If both together are not sufficient.(E) If statements (I) and (II) are identical.

43. If a ground is rectangular, what is its width?

(I) The ratio of its length to its breadth is 7:2(II) Perimeter of the playground is 396 mts.

Ans. C

44. If the present age of my father is 39 yrs and my presentage is x yrs, what is x?

(I) Next year my mother will be four times as old as i would be.(II) My brother is 2 years older than I and my father is 4 years olderthan my mother.

Ans. C

45. How many brothers and sisters are there in the family ofseven children?

(I) Each boy in the family has as many sisters as brothers(II) Each of the girl in the family has twice as many brothers assisters

Ans. D


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46. x is not equal to 0, is x + y = 0?

(I) x is the reciprocal of y(II) x is not equal to 1

Ans. A

Following questions are based on letters analogy.First pair of lettersshould have the same relationship as the second pair of letters orvice versa.

47. ? : BGLQ : : YDIN : VAFK

(a) EKNS(b) DKMT DLMS

(d) EJOT

Ans. (d)

48. NLO : RPS : : ? : ZXA

(a) VUW(b) VTR VTW(d) TRP

Ans.

49. If segment is coded as rffndou, then ritual is coded as

(a) shutbm(b) qjutbk qhutbk(d) qhubtk

Ans.

50. If football is cricket ,"cricket isbasketball ,"basketball is volleyball","volleyball iskhokho and khokho is cricket, which is not a ball game?

(a) cricket(b) football khokho


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surveyed watched the news on television, 40% read newspaper, and 25%read a newspaper and watched the news on television. What percent of thepeople surveyed neither watched the news on the television nor read anewspaper? 20%

8. City B is 5 miles east of City A. City C is 10 miles southest of City B.Which of the following is the closest to the distance from City A to City C?Ans: 14 miles

9. If the area of a square increases by 69%, then the side of the squareincreased by? 30%

10. There are 30 socks in a drawer. 60% of the socks are red and therest are blue. What is the minimum number of socks that must be takenfrom the drawer without looking in order to be certain that atleast two bluesocks have been chosen? 20

Programming puzzles, riddles and interview problems

1. Classic: If a bear walks one mile south, turns left and walksone mile to the east and then turns left again and walks one milenorth and arrives at its original position, what is the color of thebear.

ANS. The color of the bear is trivial. The possible solutions to it areinteresting. In addition to the trivial north pole and circle near northpole solutions, there is an additional circle near south pole solution.Think it out.

1. Given a rectangular (cuboidal for the puritans) cake with arectangular piece removed (any size or orientation), how wouldyou cut the remainder of the cake into two equal halves with onestraight cut of a knife?

ANS. Join the centers of the original and the removed rectangle. Itworks for cuboids too!

2. There are 3 baskets. one of them have apples, one hasoranges only and the other has mixture of apples and oranges.

The labels on their baskets always lie. (i.e. if the label saysoranges, you are sure that it doesnt have oranges only,it couldbe a mixture) The task is to pick one basket and pick only onefruit from it and then correctly label all the three baskets.

HINT. There are only two combinations of distributions in which ALL thebaskets have wrong labels. By picking a fruit from the one labeled


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MIXTURE, it is possible to tell what the other two baskets have.

3. You have 8 balls. One of them is defective and weighs lessthan others. You have a balance to measure balls against each

other. In 2 weighings how do you find the defective one?

Answer from Uday Venkat: weigh three balls against another threeballs. if both weigh the same , then just weighing the remain two (oneagainst one) will show the lighter ball. if the sets of three do not weighequal, then weigh any two balls in the lighter set, one against theother . the balance will show if the lighter one is on the balance,if notthe remaining one is the lighter one.

8= (3 + 3 ) + 2

(the numbers in the brackets are balls on either side of the balance)

if both are equal, then

2= (1 + 1) done.

else, from the lighter set of 3

3= (1 + 1) + 1 done.

4. Why is a manhole cover round?

HINT. The diagonal of a square hole is larger than the side of a cover!

Alternate answers: 1. Round covers can be transported by one person,because they can be rolled on their edge. 2. A round cover doesnt needto be rotated to fit over a hole.

5. How many cars are there in the USA?

6. Youve got someone working for you for seven days and agold bar to pay them. The gold bar is segmented into sevenconnected pieces. You must give them a piece of gold at the end

of every day. If you are only allowed to make two breaks in thegold bar, how do you pay your worker?

ANS from Madhuri Chandoor:

Break the 7 piece gold bar to make a piece of 1 segment size and theother of 2 segments size.( the remaining 4 segments intact)


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i.e 7= 1 + 2 + 4 (only two breaks needed)

1- 1st day

2- 2nd day

(1+2) - 3rd day

4 - 4th day

(4+1) - 5th day

(4+2) - 6th day

(4+2+1) - 7th day.

11. If you had an infinite supply of water and a 5 quart and 3quart pail, how would you measure exactly 4 quarts?


Fill 5 quarts pail and use that water to fill the 3 quarts pail. now thereare 2 quarts in the 5 quart pail. repeat this twice to get 4 quarts.

If there is no extra pail available to hold these 2 quarts + 2 quarts, thenthe following is the solution.

Fill the 5 quart pail and pour it into the 3 quart pail. now there are 2quarts remaining in the 5 quart pail. empty the 3 quart pail and pourthese 2 quarts into the 3 quarts pail. now the 3 quart pail is 1 less to befilled up. now fill the 5 quarts pail and pour 1 quart into the 3 quarts pailto fill it. the 5 quarts pail has 4 quarts in it now.

12. You have a bucket of jelly beans. Some are red, some areblue, and some green. With your eyes closed, pick out 2 of a likecolor. How many do you have to grab to be sure you have 2 ofthe same?


To be sure, to pick atleast 2 marbles of a same color we need to grab atleast 4 marbles, since the worst case is that three of them are different,the fourth marble has to be a repetition of one of three colors.

9. Imagine you are standing in front of a mirror, facing it. Raiseyour left hand. Raise your right hand. Look at your reflection.


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When you raise your left hand your reflection raises whatappears to be his right hand. But when you tilt your head up,your reflection does too, and does not appear to tilt his/her headdown. Why is it that the mirror appears to reverse left and right,but not up and down?

10. You have 5 jars of pills. Each pill weighs 10 gram, except forcontaminated pills contained in one jar, where each pill weighs 9gm. Given a scale, how could you tell which jar had thecontaminated pills in just one measurement?

ANS. 1. Mark the jars with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.2. Take 1 pill from jar 1, take 2 pills from jar 2, take 3 pills from jar 3,take 4 pills from jar 4 and take 5 pills from jar 5.3. Put all of them on the scale at once and take the measurement.4. Now, subtract the measurment from 150 ( 1*10 + 2*10 + 3*10 +

4*10 + 5*10)5. The result will give you the jar number which has contaminated pill.

11. If you had an infinite supply of water and a 5 quart and 3quart pail, how would you measure exactly 4 quarts?

12. You have a bucket of jelly beans. Some are red, some areblue, and some green. With your eyes closed, pick out 2 of a likecolor. How many do you have to grab to be sure you have 2 ofthe same?

13. Which way should the key turn in a car door to unlock it?

14. If you could remove any of the 50 states, which state wouldit be and why?

15. There are four dogs/ants/people at four corners of a squareof unit distance. At the same instant all of them start runningwith unit speed towards the person on their clockwise directionand will always run towards that target. How long does it takefor them to meet and where?

HINT. They will meet in the centre and the distance covered by them isindependent of the path they actually take (a spiral).

16. (fram Tara Hovel) A helicopter drops two trains, each on aparachute, onto a straight infinite railway line. There is anundefined distance between the two trains. Each faces the samedirection, and upon landing, the parachute attached to each trainfalls to the ground next to the train and detaches. Each train hasa microchip that controls its motion. The chips are identical.


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There is no way for the trains to know where they are. You needto write the code in the chip to make the trains bump into eachother. Each line of code takes a single clock cycle to execute.

You can use the following commands (and only these);MF - moves the train forwardMB - moves the train backwardIF (P) - conditional thats satisfied if the train is next to a parachute.There is no "then" to this IF statement.GOTO

ANS.A: MFIF (P)GOTO BGOTO A

B: MFGOTO BExplanation: The first line simply gets them off the parachutes. Youneed to get the trains off their parachutes so the back train can find thefront trains parachute, creating a special condition that will allow it tobreak out of the code they both have to follow initially. They both loopthrough A: until the back train finds the front trains parachute, at whichpoint it goes to B: and gets stuck in that loop. The front train still hasntfound a parachute, so it keeps in the A loop. Because each line of codetakes a "clock cycle" to execute, it takes longer to execute the A loop

than the B loop, therefore the back train (running in the B loop) willcatch up to the front train.

Personality

It is best to read some website or a book for questions like these.

1. Tell me the courses you liked and why did you like them.

2. Give an instance in your life in which u were faced with a problemand you tackled it successfully.

3. What is your ideal working environment. ( They usually to hear that ucan work in group also.)

4. Why do you think you are smart?

5. Questions on the projects listed on the Resume.

6. Do you want to know any thing about the company.( Try to ask some


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relevant and interesting question).

7. How long do u want to stay in USA and why?

8. What are your geographical preference?

9. What are your expectations from the job.

Algorithms and Programming

1. Given a rectangular (cuboidal for the puritans) cake with arectangular piece removed (any size or orientation), how would you cutthe remainder of the cake into two equal halves with one straight cut ofa knife ?

2. Youre given an array containing both positive and negative integersand required to find the subarray with the largest sum (O(N) a la KBL).Write a routine in C for the above.

3. Given an array of size N in which every number is between 1 and N,determine if there are any duplicates in it. You are allowed to destroythe array if you like. [ I ended up giving about 4 or 5 different solutionsfor this, each supposedly better than the others ].

4. Write a routine to draw a circle (x ** 2 + y ** 2 = r ** 2) withoutmaking use of any floating point computations at all. [ This one had mestuck for quite some time and I first gave a solution that did have

floating point computations ].

5. Given only putchar (no sprintf, itoa, etc.) write a routine putlong thatprints out an unsigned long in decimal. [ I gave the obvious solution oftaking % 10 and / 10, which gives us the decimal value in reverseorder. This requires an array since we need to print it out in the correctorder. The interviewer wasnt too pleased and asked me to give asolution which didnt need the array ].

6. Give a one-line C expression to test whether a number is a power of2. [No loops allowed - its a simple test.]

7. Given an array of characters which form a sentence of words, give anefficient algorithm to reverse the order of the words (not characters) init.

8. How many points are there on the globe where by walking one milesouth, one mile east and one mile north you reach the place where you


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started.

9. Give a very good method to count the number of ones in a 32 bitnumber. (caution: looping through testing each bit is not a solution).

10. What are the different ways to say, the value of x can be either a 0or a 1. Apparently the if then else solution has a jump when written outin assembly. if (x == 0) y=0 else y =x There is a logical, arithmetic anda datastructure soln to the above problem.

11. Reverse a linked list.

12. Insert in a sorted list

13. In a Xs and 0s game (i.e. TIC TAC TOE) if you write a program forthis give a gast way to generate the moves by the computer. I mean

this should be the fasteset way possible. The answer is that you need tostore all possible configurations of the board and the move that isassociated with that. Then it boils down to just accessing the rightelement and getting the corresponding move for it. Do some analysisand do some more optimization in storage since otherwise it becomesinfeasible to get the required storage in a DOS machine.

14. I was given two lines of assembly code which found the absolutevalue of a number stored in twos complement form. I had to recognizewhat the code was doing. Pretty simple if you know some assembly andsome fundaes on number representation.

15. Give a fast way to multiply a number by 7.

16. How would go about finding out where to find a book in a library.(You dont know how exactly the books are organized beforehand).

17. Linked list manipulation.

18. Tradeoff between time spent in testing a product and getting intothe market first.

19. What to test for given that there isnt enough time to testeverything you want to.

20. First some definitions for this problem: a) An ASCII character is onebyte long and the most significant bit in the byte is always 0. b) AKanji character is two bytes long. The only characteristic of a Kanjicharacter is that in its first byte the most significant bit is 1.


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Now you are given an array of a characters (both ASCII and Kanji) and,an index into the array. The index points to the start of some character.Now you need to write a function to do a backspace (i.e. delete thecharacter before the given index).

21. Delete an element from a doubly linked list.

22. Write a function to find the depth of a binary tree.

23. Given two strings S1 and S2. Delete from S2 all those characterswhich occur in S1 also and finally create a clean S2 with the relevantcharacters deleted.

24. Assuming that locks are the only reason due to which deadlocks canoccur in a system. What would be a foolproof method of avoidingdeadlocks in the system.

25. Reverse a linked list.

Ans: Possible answers -

iterative loopcurr->next = prev;prev = curr;curr = next;next = curr->nextendloop

recursive reverse(ptr)if (ptr->next == NULL)return ptr;temp = reverse(ptr->next);temp->next = ptr;return ptr;end

26. Write a small lexical analyzer - interviewer gave tokens. expressionslike "a*b" etc.

27. Besides communication cost, what is the other source of inefficiencyin RPC? (answer : context switches, excessive buffer copying). How canyou optimise the communication? (ans : communicate through sharedmemory on same machine, bypassing the kernel _ A Univ. of Wash.thesis)


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28. Write a routine that prints out a 2-D array in spiral order!

29. How is the readers-writers problem solved? - using semaphores/ada.. etc.

30. Ways of optimizing symbol table storage in compilers.

31. A walk-through through the symbol table functions, lookup()implementation etc - The interv. was on the Microsoft C team.

32. A version of the "There are three persons X Y Z, one of whichalways lies".. etc..

33. There are 3 ants at 3 corners of a triangle, they randomly startmoving towards another corner.. what is the probability that they dont

collide.

34. Write an efficient algo and C code to shuffle a pack of cards.. thisone was a feedback process until we came up with one with no extrastorage.

35. The if (x == 0) y = 0 etc..

36. Some more bitwise optimization at assembly level

37. Some general questions on Lex, Yacc etc.

38. Given an array t[100] which contains numbers between 1..99.Return the duplicated value. Try both O(n) nd O(n-square).

39. Given an array of characters. How would you reverse it. ? Howwould you reverse it without using indexing in the array.

40. GIven a sequence of characters. How will you convert the lower casecharacters to upper case characters. ( Try using bit vector - sol given in

the C lib -typec.h)

41. Fundas of RPC.

42. Given a linked list which is sorted. How will u insert in sorted way.

43. Given a linked list How will you reverse it.


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44. Give a good data structure for having n queues ( n not fixed) in afinite memory segment. You can have some data-structure separate foreach queue. Try to use at least 90% of the memory space.

45. Do a breadth first traversal of a tree.

46. Write code for reversing a linked list.

47. Write, efficient code for extracting unique elements from a sortedlist of array. e.g. (1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 9, 9, 9, 9) -> (1, 3, 5, 9).

48. Given an array of integers, find the contiguous subarray with thelargest sum.

ANS. Can be done in O(n) time and O(1) extra space. Scan array from 1to n. Remember the best subarray seen so far and the best subarray

ending in i.

49. Given an array of length N containing integers between 1 and N,determine if it contains any duplicates.

ANS. [Is there an O(n) time solution that uses only O(1) extra spaceand does not destroy the original array?]

50. Sort an array of size n containing integers between 1 and K, given atemporary scratch integer array of size K.

ANS. Compute cumulative counts of integers in the auxiliary array. Nowscan the original array, rotating cycles! [Can someone word this morenicely?]

* 51. An array of size k contains integers between 1 and n. You aregiven an additional scratch array of size n. Compress the original arrayby removing duplicates in it. What if k


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is an element of the first list (fixed list).

59. GIven 3 lines of assembly code : find it is doing. IT was to findabsolute value.

60. If you are on a boat and you throw out a suitcase, Will the level ofwater increase.

61. Print an integer using only putchar. Try doing it without using extrastorage.

62. Write C code for (a) deleting an element from a linked list (b)traversing a linked list

63. What are various problems unique to distributed databases

64. Declare a void pointer ANS. void *ptr;

65. Make the pointer aligned to a 4 byte boundary in a efficient mannerANS. Assign the pointer to a long number and the number with 111100 add 4 to the number

66. What is a far pointer (in DOS)

67. What is a balanced tree

68. Given a linked list with the following property node2 is left child of

node1, if node2 < node1 else, it is the right child.

O P||O A||O B||

O C

How do you convert the above linked list to the form without disturbingthe property. Write C code for that.

O P||


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O B/ \/ \/ \O ? O ?

determine where do A and C go

69. Describe the file system layout in the UNIX OS

ANS. describe boot block, super block, inodes and data layout

70. In UNIX, are the files allocated contiguous blocks of data

ANS. no, they might be fragmented

How is the fragmented data kept track of

ANS. Describe the direct blocks and indirect blocks in UNIX file system

71. Write an efficient C code for tr program. tr has two command linearguments. They both are strings of same length. tr reads an input file,replaces each character in the first string with the correspondingcharacter in the second string. eg. tr abc xyz replaces all as by xs,

bs by ys and so on. ANS.a) have an array of length 26.put x in array element corr to a

put y in array element corr to b put z in array element corr to c put d in array element corr to d put e in array element corr to e and so on.

the codewhile (!eof){c = getc();putc(array[c - a]);

}

72. what is disk interleaving

73. why is disk interleaving adopted

74. given a new disk, how do you determine which interleaving is thebest a) give 1000 read operations with each kind of interleaving


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determine the best interleaving from the statistics

75. draw the graph with performace on one axis and n on another,where n in the n in n-way disk interleaving. (a tricky question, should

be answered carefully)

76. I was a c++ code and was asked to find out the bug in that. Thebug was that he declared an object locally in a function and tried toreturn the pointer to that object. Since the object is local to thefunction, it no more exists after returning from the function. Thepointer, therefore, is invalid outside.

77. A real life problem - A square picture is cut into 16 sqaures and theyare shuffled. Write a program to rearrange the 16 squares to get theoriginal big square.

78.int *a;char *c;*(a) = 20;*c = *a;printf("%c",*c);

what is the output?

79. Write a program to find whether a given m/c is big-endian or little-endian!

80. What is a volatile variable?

81. What is the scope of a static function in C ?

82. What is the difference between "malloc" and "calloc"?

83. struct n { int data; struct n* next}node;node *c,*t;c->data = 10;t->next = null;

*c = *t;what is the effect of the last statement?

Networks and Security1. How do you use RSA for both authentication and secrecy?

2. What is ARP and how does it work?


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3. Whats the difference between a switch and a router?

4. Name some routing protocols? (RIP,OSPF etc..)

5. How do you do authentication with message digest(MD5)? (UsuallyMD is used for finding tampering of data)

6. How do you implement a packet filter that distinguishes followingcases and selects first case and rejects second case.

i) A host inside the corporate n/w makes a ftp request to outside hostand the outside host sends reply.

ii) A host outside the network sends a ftp request to host inside. for thepacket filter in both cases the source and destination feilds will look thesame.

7. How does traceroute works? Now how does traceroute makes surethat the packet follows the same path that a previous (with ttl - 1)probe packet went in?

8. Explain Kerberos Protocol ?

9. What are digital signatures and smart cards?

10. Difference between discretionary access control and mandatoryaccess control?

Java

1. How do you find the size of a java object (not the primitive type) ?

ANS. type cast it to string and find its s.length()

2. Why is multiple inheritance not provided in Java?

3. Thread t = new Thread(); t.start(); t = null; now what will happen tothe created thread?

4. How is garbage collection done in java?

5. How do you write a "ping" routine in java?

6. What are the security restrictions on applets?


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Linked lists

* 0. Under what circumstances can one delete an element from a singlylinked list in constant time?

* 1. Given a singly linked list, determine whether it contains a loop ornot.

2. Given a singly linked list, print out its contents in reverse order. Canyou do it without using any extra space?

3. Given a binary tree with nodes, print out the values in pre-order/in-order/post-order without using any extra space.

4. Reverse a singly linked list recursively. The function prototype is node* reverse (node *) ;

5. Given a singly linked list, find the middle of the list.

Hints and Answers

0. If the list is circular and there are no references to the nodes in thelist from anywhere else! Just copy the contents of the next node anddelete the next node. If the list is not circular, we can delete any but thelast node using this idea. In that case, mark the last node as dummy!

1. (a) Start reversing the list. If you reach the head, gotcha! there is a

loop!

But this changes the list. So, reverse the list again.

(b) Maintain two pointers, initially pointing to the head. Advance one ofthem one node at a time. And the other one, two nodes at a time. If thelatter overtakes the former at any time, there is a loop!

p1 = p2 = head;

do {

p1 = p1->next;p2 = p2->next->next;} while (p1 != p2);

2. Start reversing the list. Do this again, printing the contents.

3. [Yet to think about]


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4. node * reverse (node * n){node * m ;

if (! (n && n -> next))return n ;

m = reverse (n -> next) ;n -> next -> next = n ;n -> next = NULL ;return m ;}

5. Use the single and double pointer jumping. Maintain two pointers,initially pointing to the head. Advance one of them one node at a time.And the other one, two nodes at a time. When the double reaches the

end, the single is in the middle. This is not asymptotically faster butseems to take less steps than going through the list twice.

Bit-manipulation* 1. Reverse the bits of an unsigned integer.

* 2. Compute the number of ones in an unsigned integer.

3. Compute the discrete log of an unsigned integer.

* 4. How do we test most simply if an unsigned integer is a power of

two?

5. Set the highest significant bit of an unsigned integer to zero.

6. Let f(k) = y where k is the y-th number in the increasing sequence ofnon-negative integers with the same number of ones in its binaryrepresentation as y, e.g. f(0) = 1, f(1) = 1, f(2) = 2, f(3) = 1, f(4) = 3,f(5) = 2, f(6) = 3 and so on. Given k >= 0, compute f(k).

Hints and Answers

1. #define reverse(x) \ (x=x>>16|(0x0000ffff&x)8|(0x00ff00ff&x)4|(0x0f0f0f0f&x)2|(0x33333333&x)1|(0x55555555&x)


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(x=(0xaaaaaaaa&x)>>1+(0x55555555&x), \x=(0xcccccccc&x)>>2+(0x33333333&x), \x=(0xf0f0f0f0&x)>>4+(0x0f0f0f0f&x), \x=(0xff00ff00&x)>>8+(0x00ff00ff&x), \x=x>>16+(0x0000ffff&x))

3. #define discrete_log(h) \ (h=(h>>1)|(h>>2), \ h|=(h>>2), \ h|=(h>>4), \ h|=(h>>8), \ h|=(h>>16), \ h=(0xaaaaaaaa&h)>>1+(0x55555555&h), \h=(0xcccccccc&h)>>2+(0x33333333&h), \h=(0xf0f0f0f0&h)>>4+(0x0f0f0f0f&h), \h=(0xff00ff00&h)>>8+(0x00ff00ff&h), \

h=(h>>16)+(0x0000ffff&h))If I understand it right, log2(2) =1, log2(3)=1, log2(4)=2.. But thismacro does not work out log2(0) which does not exist! How do youthink it should be handled?

4. #define power_of_two(x) \ ((x)&&(~(x&(x-1))))

5. (from Denis Zabavchik) Set the highest significant bit of an unsignedinteger to zero#define zero_most_significant(h) \ (h&=(h>>1)|(h>>2), \

h|=(h>>2), \ h|=(h>>4), \ h|=(h>>8), \ h|=(h>>16))

Graphics1. Write a function to check if two rectangles defined as below overlapor not. struct rect { int top, bot, left, right; } r1, r2;

2. Write a SetPixel(x, y) function, given a pointer to the bitmap. Eachpixel is represented by 1 bit. There are 640 pixels per row. In each byte,while the bits are numbered right to left, pixels are numbered left toright. Avoid multiplications and divisions to improve performance.

Databases* 1. You, a designer want to measure disk traffic i.e. get a histogramshowing the relative frequency of I/O/second for each disk block. Thebuffer pool has b buffers and uses LRU replacement policy. The diskblock size and buffer pool block sizes are the same. You are given aroutine int lru_block_in_position (int i) which returns the block_id of the


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block in the i-th position in the list of blocks managed by LRU. Assumeposition 0 is the hottest. You can repeatedly call this routine. How wouldyou get the histogram you desire?

Hints and Answers

1. Simply do histogram [lru_block_in_position (b-1)] ++ at frequentintervals The sampling frequency should be close to the disk I/O rate.It can be adjusted by remembering the last block seen in position b. Ifsame, decrease frequency; if different, increase, with exponential decayetc. And of course, take care of overflows in the histogram.

Semaphores1. Implement a multiple-reader-single-writer lock given a compare-and-swap instruction. Readers cannot overtake waiting writers.

Others1. A character set has 1 and 2 byte characters. One byte charactershave 0 as the first bit. You just keep accumulating the characters in abuffer. Suppose at some point the user types a backspace, how can youremove the character efficiently. (Note: You cant store the lastcharacter typed because the user can type in arbitrarily manybackspaces)

2. What is the simples way to check if the sum of two unsigned integershas resulted in an overflow.

3. How do you represent an n-ary tree? Write a program to print thenodes of such a tree in breadth first order.

4. Write the tr program of UNIX. Invoked as

tr -str1 -str2. It reads stdin and prints it out to stdout, replacing everyoccurance of str1[i] with str2[i].

e.g. tr -abc -xyzto be and not to be


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FORTRAN.

Question: What is polymorphism?Answer: In object-oriented programming, the term "polymorphism"refers to the ability of objects to take the form objects of differenceclasses.

Question: What is the difference between a component anda container?Answer:A component is an object, like a button or a sroll bar, that has avisual representation in a sreen window.A container is a window-like component that can contain othercomponents.Every component has a unique container that directly contains it.

Question: What is the difference between a constructor anda method?Answer:A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to createobjects of that class. It has the same name as the class itself, hasno return type, and is invoked using the new operator.A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its ownname, a return type (which may be void), and is invoked using thedot operator.

Question: What are the advantages and disadvantages ofusing an AVL tree?

The advantage of an AVL tree is that it is always balanced,guaranteeing the O(lgn) speed of the Binary Search algorithm.The disadvantages the complex rotations used by the insertion andremoval algorithms needed to maintain the trees balance.

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