IWONA GANKO, ETF

BRUSSELS, 22 MARCH 2018

YOUTH EMPLOYMENTIN THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN

MINISTERIAL DECLARATION

ETF’S FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS

SEPTEMBER 2016 – MARCH 2018

Etf activities: REGIONAL

TORINO PROCESS: monitoring of policy progress in education and training – Regional event in February 2017in RabatContribution to TAIEX Regional Seminar on Youth in RABAT (September 2017) and TAIEX Seminar on Socialeconomy in Brussels (November 2017)Work-based learning studies: (MO, DZ, TN) / Regional study on Work based learning (WbL) in collaboration withUNESCO – regional report in 2018ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING: Fostering EL and skills for SMEs (SBA assessment for all countries, regionalreport second half 2018)Quality assurance in VET: focus group and peer learning activities – Regional event in November 2017Migrant support measures (MISMES): Studies in LB, JO, MA, TN (in the framework of the Mobility Partnershipagreements)Skills mismatch measurement (EG, MO)

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ETF ACTIVITIES: BILATERAL

Skills anticipation and matching activities (designing an employers’ survey on skills needs forLB, labour market study with a focus on youth for TN, supporting delivery of youth integrationprojects and setting up LMIS at local level TN, DZ)

Promoting and reinforcing skills and VET through anticipatory and multi-level governance (MA,TN, DZ)

Supporting development of National Qualifications Frameworks (MA, TN, EG, JO)

Monitoring & Evaluation system for the VET (PA, TN)

Entrepreneurial learning (TN)

Support to EUDs in designing, monitoring and evaluating EU programmes (all countries)

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the SOUTHERN MediterraneanRegional context

Demography: very young population: one third of the population under age of 15Economy: jobless growth, high share of self-employed, high share of SMEs andmicro-enterprises - major socio-economic driver, comprising over 95% of privateenterprises (majority with less than 5 workers), significant informal sector.Labour market:two-thirds of the working age population are unemployed or inactive,only one in four women is on the labour market,lack of jobs for new entrants into the labour market, high youth unemploymentone third of youth is not in employment, education or training (NEETs)

Education & skills: relatively low educational attainment, although substantiallyincreasing for youth, inverse correlation between education level and employment

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Lack of quality employment

High expectations

Long and discouraging job search

Non-transparent recruitment processes

Lack of work experience

Skills mismatch

Education not attractive, not inclusive

Lack of support and guidance

Information is not easily available or incomprehensible

Poor links with labour market

Earlyschoolleaving

Lack of appropriateskills

Disconnectedfrom the system

Vicious cycle of vulnerability

EDUCATION

FAMILY / ENVIRONMENT

EMPLOYMENTYOUNG PEOPLEPERSPECTIVE

the SOUTHERN MediterraneanRegional context

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Youth employment Youth unemployment

Sources: ILOSTAT, Eurostat and National Statistical Offices

the SOUTHERN Mediterranean NEETs (% aged 15-24)

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Sources: ILOSTAT, Eurostat and National Statistical Offices

NEETs rate 15-24

the SOUTHERN Mediterranean NEETs: gender dimension

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Sources: ILOSTAT, Eurostat and National Statistical Offices

YOUNG PEOPLE NOT IN EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION OR TRAINING

Heterogeneous group exposed to different types of vulnerability

UNEMPLOYED

INACTIVE

DISCOURAGED

DISABLEDFAMILY CARER

LOW QUALIFIED

HIGLY QUALIFIED

FEMALE

1OUT OF

315-24

MAROCCO TUNISIEPALESTINE 1

OUT OF

515-24

ALGERIA

EGYPT

1OUT OF

415-24

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DEFIS EDUCATIFSWeak quality-jobs creation

Segmentation of the labour market in terms of working conditions (public vs private, formal vs. informal)

Lack of labour market transparency, fragmentation and high informality

Lack of incentives for integration into the formal labour market

Weak role of the Public Employments Services

Lack of a transparent and merit-based recruitment system (public and private sector)

Labour market policy disconnected from other policies

EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGESEDUCATION CHALLENGES

Insufficient quality of education, including the quality and motivation of teachers.

Lags in updating curriculums to the changing needs of the economy, resulting in discouragement (early school leaving) and skills mismatches

Lack of tracking system for early school leavers, lack of mechanisms to reintegrate them

Poor links between the education&training system and the labour market

Insufficient presence of the private sector in the education&training systems’governance structure

Insufficient funding and inefficient/ ineffective allocation of financial resources

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•Diagnosis: proper analysis of strengths and weaknesses to guide the design and implementation of reforms

Insufficient qualitative and quantitative knowledge base for the policy relevance and responsiveness

•Need to recognise the importance for the individuals and for the society•Targeting & formulation: tackling information gap and identification of key stakeholders are crucial steps in designing appropriate policies and targeted interventions

Data and policies are disconnected, there is a clear need to systematise efforts to tackle information gaps (collection and consolidation) and use the (new) available information for the purpose policy-making and policy adjustments.

Inefficient communication channels impacts on difficulty to engage with the young people – outreaching as one of the major issues

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Systemic Approach: Evidence-based policy making

•Governance: Ensuring effective and efficient public administration and public policies (design, implementation and evaluation) is key in tackling youth challenges

Fragmented system of policy-making and a long distance to implementation.Ineffective implementation and insufficient monitoring and evaluation: slow pace of reforms, need to further

focus on implementation and weak assurance of continuity in terms of policy implementation and mainstreaming tested solutions. Low level of accountability.

Disconnection between the actors, weak interaction and cooperation resulting in inefficiencies. Weak horizontal governance (low institutional cooperation and insufficient involvement of private sector) and vertical (insufficient multilevel links between the central, regional/local and sectoral actors), lack of partnership between public and private actors

•Resources: Efficient and effective use of resources is necessary to face the growing pressure from the young generation

Insufficient resources and inappropriate allocation of resources (not performance-based, lack of efficiency)Lack of transparency and low level of accountability.

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SYSTEMIC APPROACH: EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING

Etf activities: PROVISION OF EXPERTISE

Planned actionsTorino Process: new cycle of biannual participatory analytical review of the status and progress

of vocational education and trainingSupport the European Commission in the steering of YEM EU funded regional project to be

implemented by UNESCO

Sharing expertise with regional actors: Collaboration and exchanges with the UfM Secretariat, participation in the Med4Jobs advisory group and

contribution to the dialogue on skillsSpecific support to European Economic and Social Committee Euro-Med; follow-up next summit on VET

and youth employment; active participation and provision of inputs to the Euro-Mediterranean Regional and Local Assembly on issues linked to territorial development

Cooperation with the Anna Lindh Foundation on youth and civil society

Supporting national initiativesThematic work on the future of work and skills in the region

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE ACTIONSShaping common strategic orientation and objectives: investing in people and for peopleEvidence-based and targeted policies and programmes, scaling up/mainstreaming effectiveinitiatives and good practicesMainstreaming (youth) employability in strategic planning and in any policy designInvolvement of new actors: civil society, social economy entitiesStrong focus on timely implementationSkills anticipation and development to address socio-economic demandaccess and education/training, attractiveness and quality of education/training provisionefficient use of resourcesmatching the demand for labour / matching supply and demand of expectationsmeasures facilitating transition: career guidance, work-based learning, entrepreneurial learning,SME skills, first job support, mentoring/coachingEnhancing good governance: vertical and horizontal cooperation, partnership with privatesector and civil society

WHAT’S NEXT?