Youth Advocate Program InternationalYouth Advocate Program International4000 Albermarle St. NW, Suite 4014000 Albermarle St. NW, Suite 401

Washington DC 20016, USAWashington DC 20016, USAwww.yapi.orgwww.yapi.org

Modern Child SlaveryModern Child Slavery

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryWhat Do you Know?

What does slavery mean?What does slavery mean?

Does slavery exist today?Does slavery exist today?

Are there laws that protect Are there laws that protect the rights of children?the rights of children?

Which continent do you Which continent do you think has the largest think has the largest percentage of modern percentage of modern child slavery?child slavery?

Source: www.stolenchildhoods.org

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryDefinition

A A child slavechild slave……

is under the age of eighteen.is under the age of eighteen.

receives extremely little or no pay.receives extremely little or no pay.

is controlled by violence or other is controlled by violence or other threats.threats.

has no option to leave the has no option to leave the situation.situation.

has no access to education or has no access to education or health care.health care.

Source: BBC

Iqbal Masih was a child slave in Pakistan. His Iqbal Masih was a child slave in Pakistan. His parents were too poor to afford food; they parents were too poor to afford food; they

borrowed $16 in exchange for sending Iqbal to a borrowed $16 in exchange for sending Iqbal to a carpet factory to work off the loan. Iqbal was only 4 carpet factory to work off the loan. Iqbal was only 4

years old. The children in the factory worked 14 years old. The children in the factory worked 14 hours a day, six days a week without any breaks. hours a day, six days a week without any breaks. They were beaten and chained to their looms if They were beaten and chained to their looms if

they complained or tried to escape.they complained or tried to escape.

When he was 10, Iqbal learned about a new law When he was 10, Iqbal learned about a new law that forbade bonded labor. He left the factory, that forbade bonded labor. He left the factory,

entered school, and began to speak out on behalf entered school, and began to speak out on behalf of children who still worked in factories. However of children who still worked in factories. However Iqbal’s actions made many people angry; he was Iqbal’s actions made many people angry; he was shot and killed in April 1995. Iqbal was only 12 shot and killed in April 1995. Iqbal was only 12

years old.years old.

Source: Stolen Dreams: Portraits of Working Children.

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryA Life

Source: UNICEF Italy

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryBasic Facts

There are more slaves today than were seized from Africa There are more slaves today than were seized from Africa during the entire 400 years of the trans-Atlantic slave during the entire 400 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.trade.

The price for a slave in 1850 in Mississippi was $40,000 The price for a slave in 1850 in Mississippi was $40,000 (based on constant dollars). The average price of a slave (based on constant dollars). The average price of a slave today is $90.today is $90.

The majority of child laborers, an estimated 70%, work in The majority of child laborers, an estimated 70%, work in agriculture. agriculture.

Around the world, over 211 million children between the Around the world, over 211 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are working. At least 60 million of these ages of 5 and 14 are working. At least 60 million of these children are working under dangerous or abusive children are working under dangerous or abusive conditions. conditions.

Source: Bales, Kevin. 2000. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. University of California Press.Source: Free the Slaves http://www.freetheslaves.net/Page.aspx?pid=301 Source: International Initiative to End Child Labor: http://endchildlabor.org/?page_id=20.Source: ILO Accelerating Action Against Child Labour (2010): http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_126752.pdf

An estimated 158 million children aged 5-14 are engaged in child labor – 1 in 6 children.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, around 1 in 3 children are child laborers – representing 69 million children.

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryWhere It Occurs

Source: UNICEF - http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_childlabour.htmlSource: http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-labor-conditions/statistics-on-child-labor/

Forced LaborForced Labor• to extract work or service

from any person using the threat of penalties.

Debt BondageDebt Bondage• debt bondage occurs when an individual is

pledged into slavery as collateral on a loan or to pay a debt. Sometimes parents will pledge their children or the entire family into debt bondage.

• It is nearly impossible to pay off debt because additional debt is constantly accrued through additional expenses, such as food and lodging.

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryForms of Child Slavery

Source: BBC

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryForms of Child Slavery

Chattel Slavery Chattel Slavery • Chattel slavery is the most widely documented, historic

form of slavery. • Chattel slaves are legally viewed as personal property

that can be sold and traded by their master.

Religious SlaveryReligious Slavery• Religious slavery refers to when

children are sold or given to temple gods and priests.

• This still occurs today in parts of Africa (such as Ghana) and India.

HealthHealth: : child slaves are easily replaced; it is more expensive to nurse a sick child to health than to buy a new slave. Consequently, children rarely get medical or psychological attention if needed.

EducationEducation: : child slaves are often denied access to education. Thus, even if they escape slavery, they do not have the skills necessary for higher-paying jobs.

Family TiesFamily Ties: : child slaves are often separated from their families. Even if these children escape from slavery, their families still may not welcome them home.

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryEffect on Children

Source: Jon Warren via Hamline University

PovertyPoverty: : Children who live in extreme poverty are most susceptible to enslavement.

Tradition:Tradition: Some parents view their children as property over which they have the right to control.

Control:Control: Children are attractive slaves because they are easier than adults to manipulate and control.

Cheap and Replaceable:Cheap and Replaceable: The average slave today costs less than $100. Overpopulation in some regions mean there is an abundant supply of children who are available as slaves.

Physical Size:Physical Size: Because they are smaller than adults, child slaves are more desirable for certain tasks such as weaving rugs and picking cocoa.

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryWhy Does It Exist?

EducateEducate yourself about Child Slavery.yourself about Child Slavery.

ContactContact local, state, and national local, state, and national politicians for support against Child politicians for support against Child Slavery.Slavery.

• Write letters asking for their opinion on Write letters asking for their opinion on Child Slavery.Child Slavery.

TalkTalk to your parents about Child Slavery.to your parents about Child Slavery.• Educate the adults in your life!Educate the adults in your life!

AdvocateAdvocate for Child Slavery awareness! for Child Slavery awareness!• Begin a social awareness/ human rights Begin a social awareness/ human rights

club.club.

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryWhat Can You Do?

Source: Jon Warren via Hamline University

Child SlaveryChild SlaveryFor More Information

Anti-Slavery InternationalAnti-Slavery Internationalwww.antislavery.orgwww.antislavery.org

Free the SlavesFree the Slaveswww.freetheslaves.netwww.freetheslaves.net

Global MarchGlobal Marchwww.globalmarch.orgwww.globalmarch.org

Child Labor CoalitionChild Labor Coalitionwww.stopchildlabor.orgwww.stopchildlabor.org

UNICEFUNICEFwww.unicef.orgwww.unicef.org

Free the ChildrenFree the Childrenwww.freethechildren.orgwww.freethechildren.org

Youth Advocate Program Youth Advocate Program InternationalInternationalwww.yapi.org www.yapi.org