BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISHEAS

Biological Effects of AnthropogenicChemical STressChemical STress

Tools for the Assessment of Ecosystem Healthf f y

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISH…develops cost‐efficient

monitoring and assessment tools

EASg

Monitoring of BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS of contaminants

DETECTS exposure to a wide range of contaminants by using a an economic battery of methods (= early warning)

is PROGNOSTIC for the occurrence of pathology and disease REVEALS potential effects at higher biological levels (populations,

communities, ecosystems), y )

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISH…looks at Ecosystem Health

EAS

Holistic assessments of Ecosystem Health covers various chemical and biological characteristics of specific ecosystems

assessment of Ecosystem Health encompasses the health of living organisms forming and keeping the system functions:

”HEALTHY ORGANISMS HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS””HEALTHY ORGANISMS, HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS” evaluation of combinations of indicators for applicability in

Ecosystem Health assessments in different sub-regions of theEcosystem Health assessments in different sub regions of the Baltic Sea

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISH

HELCOM  BSAP

…links with environmental policy‐making

EAS

EU 

MSFD

p y g

EU

SBSR

National monitoring

prog’s

PRODUCTSEIAs

ERAs

REACH

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISH…supports

harmonisation of 

EAS

environmentalmonitoring in

NE AtlanticOSPAR CEMP

monitoring in Europeansea areassea areas

MediterraneanBARCELONA CONVENTION

UNEP/MEDPOLAPPROACH

Baltic SeaHELCOM MONAS

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISH…with 3 main targets

EAS

WORK PACKAGE 1 – ”Basic research” component: Field studies and experiments in selected sub-regions of the Baltic SeaMAIN OUTPUT: evaluation of the applicability of biological effectsmethods in various species in the different sub-basins of the Baltic Sea Extensive amount of new information from the Baltic Sea

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISH…analyses – example: 

genotoxicity in

EASg y

Baltic Seaorganismsorganisms

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BALCOFISH= Advice…BEASTBALCOFISH Advice…

…with 3 main targetsEAS

WORK PACKAGE 2 – the ”Guidelines” component: Application and validation of methods in monitoring and assessment in the Baltic SeaMAIN OUTPUT: recommendations and practical guidelines forMAIN OUTPUT: recommendations and practical guidelines for integrated chemical-biological monitoring of hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea R d ti f C I di t f th HELCOM it i Recommendations for Core Indicators for the HELCOM monitoringprogramme

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISH…with 3 main targets

EAS

WORK PACKAGE 3 – the ”Assessment” component: Developing tools for Ecosystem Health assessment in the Baltic SeaMAIN OUTPUT: indices and statistical approaches for integratedMAIN OUTPUT: indices and statistical approaches for integrated assessments of Ecosystem Health in the Baltic Sea The largest biological effects database - BonusHAZ - in the Baltic Sea

i (j i tl ith BONUS+ BALCOFISH j t)region (jointly with BONUS+ BALCOFISH project)

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BALCOFISH= Integration…BEASTBALCOFISH…data integration ‐ example:

case HERRING

EAS

Single biological response measurements:• neurotoxicity• intensified detoxification mechanisms• increased amount of oxygen radicals• cytotoxicity• liver histopathology

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISHEAS…links to higher biological 

effects ‐ example:ff pSEDIMENT TOXICITY BIOASSAY 

(amphipod mortality) vs(amphipod mortality) vs. BIODIVERSITY

Sediment sampling Cultured test organism T t tSediment sampling Cultured test organism Test system

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BALCOFISHBEASTBALCOFISHEAS…links to higher biological 

effects ‐ example:ff pSEDIMENT TOXICITY BIOASSAY 

(amphipod mortality) vs

Survival of organisms

(amphipod mortality) vs. BIODIVERSITY

Classification of sediments Biodiversity

TOXIC SEDIMENTS –LOWER BIODIVERSITY

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S li t S li d i P t S ifi t S i F ti

HYDROGRAPHY

POPULATION/COMMUNITY DATA

EAS

Sampling type Sampling device Parameter Specific parameter Species Function or processHydrography Near-bottom O2 Oxygen concentration O2 content - EutrophicationHydrography CTD Salinity Salinity - Background dataHydrography CTD Temperature C-degrees - Background dataHydrography CTD rosette Nutrients NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4, SiO2 - EutrophicationPhytoplankton comm. Water sampler Community structure Indicators & indices - Disturbed structureZooplankton comm. Zooplankton net 100 um Community structure Indicators & indices - Community descriptionMacrozooplankton comm. Zooplankton net 500 um Community structure Indicators & indices Community descriptionBenthic comm Bottom grab/corer Community structure Indicators & indices Disturbed structure

POPULATION/COMMUNITY DATA

ALGAL TOXINSBenthic comm. Bottom grab/corer Community structure Indicators & indices - Disturbed structureBenthic comm. Bottom grab/corer Abundance and biomass Abundance and biomass - Anomalous growthNear-bottom & surface water Water sampler Algal toxins/water Nodularin/hepatotoxins Nodularia spumigena Increase in natural toxinsNear-bottom & surface water Water sampler Algal toxins/particulates Nodularin/hepatotoxins Nodularia spumigena Increase in natural toxinsSediment surface layer Bottom grab/corer Algal toxins Nodularin/hepatotoxins Nodularia spumigena Increase in natural toxinsSediment surface layer Bottom grab/corer Heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb - Anthropog. contaminationSediment surface layer Bottom grab/corer Bioassays Amphipod tests (2) Corophium, Gmelinoides Anthropog. contaminationBenthic organisms Bottom grab/corer Heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb Macoma balthica Anthropog. contaminationBenthic organisms Bottom grab/corer PAH compounds 16 priority list Macoma balthica Anthropog contamination

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

BIOASSAYS (SEDIMENT TOXICITY)Benthic organisms Bottom grab/corer PAH compounds 16 priority list Macoma balthica Anthropog. contaminationBenthic organisms Bottom grab/corer Organochlorine compounds PCBs, DDTs Macoma balthica Anthropog. contaminationBenthic organisms Bottom grab/corer Butyltins TBT, DBT, MBT Macoma balthica Anthropog. contaminationMacrozooplankton Zooplankton net 500 um Biomarkers Oxidative stress (6 param.) Limnocalanus Anthropog. contaminationBenthic organisms Bottom grab/corer Biomarkers Oxidative stress (5 param.) Macoma balthica Anthropog. contaminationBenthic organisms Bottom grab/corer Biomarkers Neurotoxicity: AChE Macoma balthica Anthropog. contaminationBenthic organisms Bottom grab/corer Biomarkers Genotoxicity: MN Macoma balthica Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Population data Abundance Pelagic: herring Reduction in stockFish Trawling Population data Abundance Benthic: flounder, eelpout Reduction in stock

BIOMARKERS

DISEASES PARASITES & HISTOPATHOLOGYg p , pFish Trawling Community data Abundance All species Disturbed structureFish Trawling Algal toxins/liver & muscle Nodularin/hepatotoxins Pelagic: herring Increase in natural toxinsFish Trawling Algal toxins/liver & muscle Nodularin/hepatotoxins Benthic: flounder, eelpout Increase in natural toxinsFish Trawling Diseases, parasites, histopath. Various parameters Pelagic: herring Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Diseases, parasites, histopath. Various parameters Benthic: flounder, eelpout Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers Oxidative stress (5 param.) Pelagic: herring Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers Oxidative stress (5 param.) Benthic: flounder, eelpout Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers Neurotoxicity: AChE Pelagic: herring Anthropog. contamination

DISEASES, PARASITES & HISTOPATHOLOGY

Fish Trawling Biomarkers Neurotoxicity: AChE Benthic: flounder, eelpout Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers Genotoxicity: MN Pelagic: herring Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers Genotoxicity: MN Benthic: flounder, eelpout Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers General stress: LMS Pelagic: herring Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers General stress: LMS Benthic: flounder, eelpout Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers PAH exposure: PAH metabol. Pelagic: herring Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers PAH exposure: PAH metabol. Benthic: flounder, eelpout Anthropog. contaminationFish Trawling Biomarkers Immunocompetence Pelagic: herring Anthropog. contamination

ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ASSESSMENT

Your institution’s logoFish Trawling Biomarkers Immunocompetence Benthic: flounder, eelpout Anthropog. contamination

BALCOFISHBEAST h k fBALCOFISHBEAST Thank You for 

Your Attention!

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