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7/27/2019 Young and Middle Adulthood Nutrition Report (1)
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NUTRITIO
N DURINGADULTHO
OD
Presented by:
Group 6: Gonzalez, Frederick; Lumagas, Jayson; San Esteban Zhyrine; Tampus,Liberty; Tan, Mj; Tria, Louie
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NUTRITION DURINGADULTHOODObjectives:
After studying this topic, the student shouldbe able to:
Identify the nutritional needs of youngadults and the middle-aged
Explain sensible, long-range weightcontrol for this age group
Discuss diet-related diseases that can be
prevented by good nutrition at this age:osteo orosis, heart disease, diabetes
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NUTRITION DURINGADULTHOOD
Objectives:
Identify changes with age you probablymust accept and can slow or prevent.
Know the strategies for growing old
healthfully.
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NUTRITION DURINGADULTHOOD
ADULTHOOD
Divided intothree periods:
Young , middle,and lateadulthood.
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DIETDURING
YOUNGAND
MIDDLEADULTHOOD
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YOUNG ADULTHOOD
A time of excitement andexploration.
The age range runs fromabout 18 to 40 years of age .
Individuals are alive withplans, desires, and energyas they begin searching
for and finding their
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MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
The middle periodranges from about 40to 65 years of age.
This is a time whenthe physical activities
of young adulthoodtypically begin todecrease, resulting in
lowered caloric
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DIET DURING YOUNG ANDMIDDLE ADULTHOOD
During young tomiddle adulthood,
the beginnings of osteoporosis mayalso be evident.
A diet rich incalcium, vitaminD, and fluoride is
thought to help
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OSTEOPOROSIS
A condition in whichbones become brittlebecause there havebeen insufficientmineral deposits,especially calcium.
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OSTEOPOROSIS
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NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS
The amount
of specificnutrientneeded by
the body.
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NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS
Growth is usually complete by theage of 25.
Consequently, except during
pregnancy and lactation, theessential nutrients are needed onlyto maintain and repair body tissueand to produce energy.
Durin these ears, the nutrient
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NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS
The iron requirement for womenthroughout the childbearing yearsremains higher than that for men.
Extra iron is needed to replace bloodloss during menstruation and help tobuild both the infant’s and the extra
maternal blood needed duringpregnancy.
After menopause, this requirement for
women matches that of men.
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NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS
Protein needs for adultsare thought to be 0.8gram per kilogram of
bogy weight.
To determine the specificamount, one must dividethe weight in pounds by2.2 to obtain the weight
in kilograms and then
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NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS
The current requirement for calcium foradults from 19 to 50 is 1,000 mg, and for
vitamin D, 5 ug.
Bone loss begins slowly, at about the age of
35 to 40, and can lead to osteoporosis later.
It is wise for young people, especiallywomen, who are prone to osteoporosis than
men, to consume foods that provide more
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NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS
Three glasses of milk aday nearly fulfill the
requirement for each of these nutrients. Increasing this amount
could preventosteoporosis. Fat-free milk or foods
made from fat-free milkshould be consumed to
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Sources of Calcium
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REQUIREMENT
S The number of caloriesrequired daily to meetenergy needs.
KCAL VALUE Number of kcal in a specific
amount of specific food orbeverage.
LEAN MUSCLE MASS
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CALORIE REQUIREMENTS
Calorie requirements begin todiminish after the age of 25, as basalmetabolism rates decrease.
After 25 years, a person will gainweight if the total calories are notreduced according to actual need,
which will be determined by activity,BMI (REE), and amount of leanmuscle mass.
Those who are more active will
M di W i ht d H i ht d
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Median Weights and Heights andRecommended Daily Energy Intake for
AdultsCATEGORY
AGE(years)
WEIGHT(kg)(lb)
HEIGHT(cm)(in)
REE(calories/day)
AVERAGEENERG
Y
ALLOWANCEperkg
CALORIES perday
MALES 19-24
35-50
51+
72160
79174
77170
17770
17670
17368
1,780
1,800
1,530
1.67
1.60
1.50
40
37
30
2,900
2,900
2,300
FEMALES
19-24
25-50
58128
63
16465
163
1,350
1,380
1.60
1.55
38
36
2,200
2,200
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NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
1. HYPERTENSION or High Blood Pressure
higher than normal blood pressure,which can lead to strokes.
It is associated with diets high in salt orpossibly low in calcium. It is thought that the earlier a person
reduces salt intake, the better thaterson’s chances of avoidin
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NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
2. OBESITY Excessive body fat, 20%
above average.
Common cause:
ENERGY IMBALANCE Eating either too much or
too little for the amount of
energy expended
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NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
3. Diabetes Mellitus a chronic disease which
develops when the bodydoes not producesufficient amounts of insulin or does not use it
effectively for normalcarbohydrate metabolism.
Diet is important in the
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NUTRIENTPROBLEMS
4. Heart Disease
Heart attack and stroke are the majorcause of death especially in the US.
They occur when arteries become blocked
(occluded), preventing the normalpassage of blood.
These occlusions (blockages) are causedby blood clots that form and are unable to
pass through an unnaturally narrowed
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NUTRIENT PROBLEMS
Arteries are narrowed by plaque, a fattysubstance containing cholesterol that
accumulates in the walls or the artery.
This condition is called atherosclerosis,
a form of atherosclerosis affecting theintima (inner lining) of the artery walls.
Excessive cholesterol and saturated fats inthe diets over man ears contribute to
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OSTEOPOROSIS
It is thought that years of sedentary lifecoupled with a diet deficient in calcium,
vitamin D, and fluoride contribute to it.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) helps to prevent osteoporosis towomen.
A diet with sufficient calcium and vitamin
D plus an appropriate exercise program
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INTERVENTIO
N “WEIGHT CONTROL” Overweight can cause health problems.
Cases of diabetes mellitus, heart disease,and hypertension are more numerousamong the overweight than among those of normal weight.
The lives of overweight individuals aregenerally shorter than are those of peoplewho are not overweight.
They are prone to social and emotional
NUTRITIONAL
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NUTRITIONALINTERVENTION
Energy imbalanceis the mostcommon cause of
overweight.
In other words, if
one is overweight,chances are thatmore calories
have been taken
NUTRITIONAL
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NUTRITIONALINTERVENTION An intake of 3, 500 calories more than
the body needs for maintenance andactivities will result in a weight gain of 1
pound.
An individual who overeats by only 200
calories a day can gain 20 pounds in 1year.
When nutrient requirements remainstatic but calorie requirements decrease,
NUTRITIONAL
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NUTRITIONALINTERVENTION
Individuals who are overweightsimply because of energyimbalance, a program of weight
loss, which includes exercise,should be undertaken.
The diet should be based onMyPyramid, and eating habitsshould be taught so that the lostweight will not be regained later.
NUTRITIONAL
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NUTRITIONALINTERVENTION
Exercise will increase thenumber of calories burned,but exercise alone will not
solve the problem. The most effective way of
weight loss is increasedexercise combined withreduced calories.
This will help tone themuscles as excess fat is loss.
Exercise may also increase
NUTRITIONAL
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NUTRITIONALINTERVENTION
A healthy eating plan iseasiest to follow when itis based on MyPyramid.
This will help aid thedieter in obtainingneeded nutrients, willhelp change previouslyunsatisfactory eatinghabits, and will allow
him or her to adapt, and
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2,000-calorie Daily Menu
LUNCHRoast beef sandwich:
3 oz roast beef 2002 slices toast 150
1 tbsp
mayonnaise
100
Lettuce 10
1 cup fat-free milk 85
1 orange 75
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2,000-calorie Daily Menu
DINNER2 oz broiled fish 150
1 baked potato 100
1 ½ tbsp margarine 150½ green peas 50
Tossed salad with 1 tbspdressing
150
1 cup fat-free milk 86
¾ cup ice cream 200
1 oatmeal cookie 100
TOTAL 986 calories
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Overall total calories: 2, 034 calories
Age You
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Age YouProbably Must
Accept Graying of hair Balding
Some drying andwrinkling of skin
Impairment of near vision
Some loss of hearing Reduced taste, smell,
and touch sensitivity
Slowed reactions
Changes with Age You
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Changes with Age YouProbably Must Accept
Slowed mentalfunction
Diminished visualmemory
Menopause(women)Loss of fertility
Loss of joint
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Probably Can Slow or
Prevent: By exercising, eating an adequate
diet, reducing stress, and planningahead, you may be able to slow or
prevent: Wrinkling of skin due to sun damage Elevated blood pressure and blood
cholesterol Accelerated resting heart rate Reduced lung capacity and oxygen
uptake
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Probably Can Slow or
Prevent: Decreased maximum work
rate Loss of sexual functioning Loss of joint flexibility Diminished oral health: loss
of teeth and gum disease Bone loss Digestive problems,
constipation
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GROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY
1. Choose nutrient-dense foods.
Nutrient Density A measure of the nutrients a food
provides relative to the energy it
provides. The more nutrients and the fewer
kcalories, the higher the nutrient
density.
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GROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY
3. Maintain appropriate bodyweight.
4.Reduce stress (cultivate self-esteem, maintain a positiveattitude, manage timewisely, know your limits,
practice assertiveness,release tension, and takeaction).
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GROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY 6. For people who smoke,
discuss with a physicianstrategies and programs
to help you quit.
7. Expect to enjoy sex,
and learn new ways of enhancing it.
8. Use alcohol only
STRATEGIES FOR
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STRATEGIES FORGROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY
9. Take care to preventaccidents.
10. Expect good vision andhearing throughout life; obtainglasses and hearing aids if
necessary.
11. Take care of your teeth;
obtain denture if necessary.
STRATEGIES FOR
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STRATEGIES FORGROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY 12. Be alert to confusion as a
disease symptom, and seekdiagnosis.
13. Take medications as prescribed;see a physician before self prescribing medicines or herbal
remedies and a registereddietician before self-prescribingsupplements.
14. Control depression through
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GROWING OLD
HEALTHFULLY
15. Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water everyday.
16. Practice mental skills.Keep on solving mathproblems and crossword
puzzles, playing cards orother games, reading,writing, imagining, andcreating.
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GROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY
18. Accept change. Work atrecovering at losses;make new friends.
19. Cultivate spiritualhealth. Cherish personal
values. Make lifemeaningful.
20. Go outside for sunshine
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GROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY
21. Be socially active – playbridge, join an exercise ordance group, take a class,eat with friends, volunteertime to help others.
22. Stay interested in life –
pursue a hobby, spend timewith grandchildren, take atrip, read, grow a garden, or