You Make Us Do What We Want! The Usage of External Actors and Policy Conditionality in the European Neighborhood

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  • 7/27/2019 You Make Us Do What We Want! The Usage of External Actors and Policy Conditionality in the European Neighbor

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    You Make Us Do What We Want!T U f Exl Ac d PlcyCdly E Nd

    E Ad

    N. 32 | N 2011

    WORKING PAPER

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    2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    KFG Working Paper Series

    Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T Tmv Pw E

    T KFG W P S d c l f Kll-Fc y

    ll d lc. I c cdc xc wll d d

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    All KFG W P ll KFG w www.f. c dd

    l [email protected].

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    Edl c d dc: F A, Ad Bc d C Bl

    Ad, E 2011: Y M U D W W W! T U f Exl Ac d Plcy Cdly

    E Nd, KFG W P S, N. 32, N 2011, Kll-Fc (KFG)

    T Tf Pw f E, F U Bl.

    ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

    ISSN 1868-7601 (I)

    T lc fdd y G Rc Fd (DFG).

    F U Bl

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    Gy

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 3

    You Make Us Do What We Want!

    The Usage of External Actors and Policy Conditionality in the

    European Neighborhood

    E Amm

    A

    I cdc d lc d, xl c cdd l c-

    ly d c c f d yc ddc. Hc, ddc

    f E Nd C (ENC) w R dcd j c EU

    l f. T c f lc, w, dd : d f -

    ddc f ENC d R cld w clc w EU l, w lw d

    f ddc cl w llw d lc clc. T d fc

    c f R d EU l f E Nd Plcy (ENP)

    ly dd lcy ld d f c c: d -

    c w-d c f xl c c ly cc f y cl-

    c cd, l w w dc c c ll xl y c

    w d.

    T A

    E Amm PD cdd Bl Gd Scl f

    Tl Sd (BTS) d c fllw Rc Cll

    Tf Pw f E (KFG). S ld M d

    Il Rl f F Uy f Bl, Hld

    Uy d Uy f Pd d B.A. E Sd f

    Uy f Oc. S dd Ell Scl f Il

    A G W Uy W D.C. H ld

    f EU xl l, E Nd Plcy,

    Scy Gc d S Cc.

    Cc: d@ld.

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    4 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    C

    1. I 6

    2. P D N F: I, R

    ENP-Cm 7

    2.1 External Governance and the Bleak Prospect of Neighborhood

    Europeanizaon 7

    2.2Interdependence,Regimes,andCompliancePaernsintheCNC 8

    3. T M L: I W Y M 12

    4. Cm Cm P S C 15

    4.1FromEmergingtoFullCompliance:MigraonPoliciesinArmenia 16

    4.2FromIneratoSelecveCompliance:MigraonPoliciesinGeorgia 22

    5. C 26

    B 28

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 5

    Av

    AENEAS P f cl d ccl c d c

    f d yl

    AP E Nd Plcy Ac Pl

    CIS Cwl f Idd S

    CNC Cc Nd C

    DMR D f M d Rf

    DRC D Rf Ccl

    ENC E Nd C

    ENP E Nd Plcy

    ENPI E Nd d P I

    ILO Il L Oz

    IO Il (Gl) Oz

    IOM Il Oz f M

    JLS Sc Jc, Ly d Scy

    NGO N-Gl Oz

    NIS Nwly Idd S

    OSCE Oz f Scy d C E

    PCA P d C A

    SIGMA S f I Gc d M

    TACIS Tccl Ac Cwl f Idd S

    TAIEX Tccl Ac d If Exc I

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    6 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    1. I

    E c T Ccl 1999 d c f dl Sc , w

    f d E U d l d ly EU cyd. Cc l ll , c d c-d c w wly d

    l d f 2004, ld lly c f E Nd

    Plcy (ENP). T ENP c f f lzd c w w

    dcd ll ENP Ac Pl (AP). A , Cc Nd

    C (CNC) d d lc dd l d cl f

    w f EU. A wd f f c, EU d -

    fcl d l -llz .

    Dclly, w, w d l E Nd C

    ld, clly d cly, R EU. T clly f CNC

    ld d f d d S , jy -f l

    Cwl f Idd S (CIS), c l f l R d dd

    c w f .

    Fllw c c EU xl c E d d l

    f l (Ly/Wy 2006), c f clc w ENP S

    Cc l l. Iddc w R dcd c fc f

    c f EU l f (D/D 2009; Lx/Sclf 2009), wc ly

    ddd l Ez f w d. I f

    c w d lcy-cc clc CNC (Ad/Bzl 2012),

    ly dd c . G zzl l, w

    d d wc cd ddc w R dd c EU-l f E

    d.

    Bd w -d c d G d A, I c f ddc

    w R clc w EU-l dd w cd: , f EU l

    w fc f d d cd, lc f lcy cdly

    y xl c. T d - c wd dy f l-f

    d cd f ll ddc d d R c wy. T l

    c fc f EU l, wll cl f clc dd w

    c CNC . T dld fllw: c c

    dc zzl c f clc w EU lc G d A d l

    cl d c cl dc xl c d ddc

    E Nd. Sc - lycl c lyd

    f c d c f. T l c c f clc w dc ENP

    l G d A. T l c z d f ly.

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 7

    2. P D N F: I, R ENP-Cm

    T ENP-l f CNC f lc ll -

    c l wd ENP l f . Tclly, cdc l ld xc lc f c, w y df EU d d-

    dc w R d clc w EU l. T fllw c dc zzl f

    y ly l j cl d cl

    d f CNC.

    2.1 ExternalGovernanceandtheBleakProspectofNeighborhoodEuropeanizaon

    Tclly, c f EU x f w w d l

    l. T ENP, ld l dl w w 2004, w f

    wly fl ddc w EU d d c (Lx 2004). T,

    d f Ez c d c d f ddc w

    E Nd C (ENC) cc c y, zd

    c df EU w ENP l c. T l cdd

    l f c d cdl lc f EU cdly, wc dd cy

    dc dc c (Sclf/ Sdl 2004: 674). Cld w lc f

    c f d c c f ccfl l f Cl

    d E E cc c c l w d c f EU

    c ENC (Klly 2006; Lx/Sclf 2009; Sclf 2009). Addlly,

    CNC l dly d f w dc q d EU l ld dw

    llly d ENP Ac Pl.

    T l xl c d c x f l l d lc

    yd (Lx/Sclf 2009: 791). Cclly, d f l

    dc d l fc, c ccy, -ly, l cdc EU d f

    c xl d clc c. Y, l cz xly w f -

    ddc w ENC d xl c. T l cd f w-

    d c. T c d cly w EU l d

    ly dd EU d, ll, c d (Lx/

    Sclf 2009: 792). I , ddc w R cdd c-

    fc f - f EU l (D/D 2009). R xcd

    ll c f CNC wd W d d c f

    EU l f (B 2004; Bw/J 2008; Bj 2010; Pc 2005). T xc

    w l lc c E Nd w

    EU d R (Il 2011; Kc 2011). G ddc f CNC d R

    f , y d f d cy lcy, j fw, c f ENP

    l d d l lly ly ld.

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    8 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    Y, c f lc, clc cd f w CNC, ly A d G,

    d cl xc. D l, cl, cl d cc -

    ddc w R, A dly fll clc w ENP l.

    G, w, lc l ddc w R, ly w f llw lc clc. I d zzl, fllw c d

    d f ddc w w CNC, R d EU d c w c-

    clc .

    2.2 Interdependence,Regimes,andCompliancePaernsintheCNC

    Iddc f cly w EU, R d CNC. T EU

    d l fw dl w cc d cl ddc. R d

    CNC, w, d f cc, cl d cl ddc, d

    l w d yd Cwl f Idd S (CIS) d Cllc

    Scy Ty Oz (CSTO).

    Migratory Interdependence and Regimes with the EU

    I fw f ENP EU d l c c w d-

    dc l l d 2004. Y, ENP fw ccl

    l ld y P d C A (PCA) c 1999.

    T PCA fw cl c -ld lcl dl d

    ccl f ll d . F, PCA cd C Ccl

    f l d ly c d Tccl Ac Cwl f

    Idd S (TACIS) fcd c c f -

    S c. T ENP d d cczd lcy c wd CNC,

    lcd TACIS w w E Nd d P I (ENPI) w fd

    c d d cl cc d fcl wd f j f .

    I 2009, E P d d l. I d f -

    wd c d d d d c f d , l -f l

    d w Ac A lc PCA c f lcy f d l

    (Sc/Tldf 2009: 1). T d lcy f ld dw ll ENP AP. I ld

    f lcy, , , dl f l c l,

    c f dc cy d f d y CNC (E

    C 2006, 2006).

    I d l lc, EU l cdly, c d clz-

    cl f EU l c (Klly 2006). T condionali-

    esf fcl d llz ldy fld E

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 9

    P . A d C Ac -fcl f 2005, Ccl f

    EU l fcl (wc cd -f l) f EC-d

    (Bfc l. 2008; T/K 2008:421). I dd, Ccl f E U dcld

    TheECshouldtakeaccountofthefollowingfactorsinteraliaindecidingwhethertoopennegoa -

    onsonvisafacilitaonwiththirdcountries:whetherareadmissionagreementisinplaceorunderac-

    venegoaon;externalrelaonsobjecves;implementaonrecordofexisngbilateralagreements

    andprogressonrelatedissuesintheareaofjusce,freedomandsecurity(e.g.bordermanagement,

    documentsecurity,migraonandasylum,ghtagainstterrorism,();andsecurityconcerns,migra-

    torymovementsandtheimpactofthevisafacilitaonagreement. (Ccl f E U

    2005:3)

    T c f fcl w f d wd CNC w C

    Cc S ENP Dc 2006 d c f Mly P

    w CNC d EU, wc w l f x f Gll Ac M

    E Nd (E C 2006, 2007).

    T cdl fassistance dd ENPI c, l, l d

    c-d (E C 2006). I c f f ccl c (TAIEX,

    Tw, SIGMA) d l (Nd I Fcly). T c

    d yl (f AENEAS), cl f f lc. T d ,

    socializaon, c ll EU c EU lc wll d d d

    (Sclf 2009: 8). T lly lcl dl fw f l-

    y d l C Ccl ld y PCA. T c

    Jc, Ly d Scy (JLS) dl cclly w lc d cd c f

    fcl (E C 2010).

    D d l , cl, cl d cc ddc l dld

    w EU d CNC. Hclly, w f CNC EU c ld

    l d f A Fc d ll f G Gy d Gc

    (My 2004: 3; Jdz/Ml 2009: 9). Y, d w EU d c -

    l cl d cc ddc y d w R. T w, f G

    d A w EU l 20 lw R (Pc/Wl 2009:

    34), d c y ccdly. Nx l d cll d, dl ll

    d cl f EU xl d Sc d EU (Pc/Wl

    2009: 34). T c f d EU ly c, fcl f l

    f d fllwd y fcl f d d, .. cl

    EU l .

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    10 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    Migratory Interdependence and Regimes with Russia

    T f R d CNC dly lzd, d fdly w

    G d A. T ly d G f CIS 2009. Iddc wR cc d cl , w, CNC.

    T fd f CIS lz c CIS

    . Acl f j c ld f lc (Sw/W 1999) d

    B A f 1992 ld -f l w CIS . Hw,

    w fllwd y d ll d lll l dd

    d CIS c (Il C f M Plcy Dl 2005: 27). T CIS -f

    l A, w R llly dcd q f G 2001

    d lcl w c. Ul R, G dlly d

    c 2005 d llly ld -q f cc c cld R (V Sl 2005).

    Lly, l Cllc Scy Ty Oz d w lll d

    d f cy fc w wd (G 2008;

    M/Mzl 2007).

    Sc 1990, f CNC cz d -

    l cl d lc f S (Il L Oz 2008: 15).

    I dd, l-c fl d ll l d R l w.

    I lll d d cd f cd Cc d -

    cd Cc cc, R d lw d cd ly 2000 (T

    l. 2005: 23). Id f l c, d lll c,

    f f CIS c, w w ll ll f -f l (Iy 2009: 41). Oly

    cly, dc , R d cly .

    Ecc ddc w R c d cd dd f c w

    fc d cc c f c. Rc w f

    c f cly c CNC GDP d fc cl lz

    f cc (Bl Tf Idx 2007: 17; T l. 2005: 29). T -

    f c w d f GDP d c c d l

    f lll , ll d d . Y, f c c

    c GDP f c CNC lly l 10 c (T l. 2005: 28). Fllw

    Wld B , c f R G d 491 ll US dll 2010,

    wl A cd 436 ll US dll, wc cd xly f c f

    c GDP 2010 (Wld B 2010). A l, c f c w, clly

    f R, A d G GDP c cdd l (My l. 2007: 31;

    T Ec Illc U 2007: 27).

    Y, ddc w G d R lw l d G ll

    c f llz w R. O d, A wld ll d y -

    dc f w lly. Fllw f w-d xl,

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 11

    clc w EU wld, f ll, lly cc G A. Oll,

    w, A w clc w ENP l, w G l d d

    ly cly d cc lcly.

    CompliancePaernsinGeorgiaandArmenia

    Clc, l d d lc l f d cl

    , y f d f lcy cycl. T dc w lcy d-

    d l d y xl c l (Lx/Sclf

    2009: 800f) lfl d d d f clc. Wl lcy d lly l

    clc c f d lc f

    l l (E 1957), l f c clc, c d fc -

    lc f l. I d d d cclz clc , I wll f fll clc

    c wc lcy d d l cc. E clc c

    f fll lcy d d c d f lc. Sllw clc d lc lcy

    d w l, wl c w .

    Cc ENP l, A w c f d fll clc, d-

    d f ddc w R. A d Cc P f

    l d l c l fw f -l w (Gy

    2011; M Acy f RA My f Tl Ad 2010). Slly, cy c-

    l w ccl dc f c (PA. 2011) d d

    d ld ll d w l f EU d -EU c c

    2003.

    G dly f l l 2009 d cl ly lcly w -ld

    ENP-l d cy , lc d f l ddc

    w R. W d d , G d ll lly d

    w f ll w EU Sc A (see Figure 1).

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    12 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    Figure1:NumberofReadmissionAgreementswithEU-MSorMemberstotheSchengenAgreement

    1

    2

    3

    4

    1

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    10

    12

    2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

    Number of Bilateral Readmission

    Agreements of Georgia

    Number of Bilateral Readmission

    Agreements of Armenia

    Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Georgia (2011); Ministry of Foreign Affai rs

    Armenia (2011); Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2011)

    I dd, l c l dd w l f Il Oz f

    M (IOM) 2008 d y . T E C lly

    xd dfc w G lcy f 2008 ccz

    lc f w lcy dc d xly ll f w lcy

    (E C 2008: 8). T d clc G cd

    ly cly. G d dly f lc clc c l 2009. T ll

    EC d w d 2010 d c 2011 (Cl G 2011; RAPID 2010)

    d c d c 2011 (My f Jc f G 2010). Y, f

    l c l f d.

    T cl f clc d ddc w R zzl. T d d f

    ddc w R c flly cc f clc c f

    lc. I d d l cd d wc ddc w R ,

    fllw c dc - c dy f EU l f cd f

    ll ddc qly ld c f A d G.

    3. T M L: I W Y M I

    I f ddc d w-d c lc x f

    d dc. Y, c f ENP l f d cd f xl c

    ld, ddc d w lly cly ld dc c

    d fc f dc . T fllw c dc f w d-

    dl fc ly f l f c d cd f ll ddc:

    fl f d f dc w ENP d lcy cdly dd

    y xl c.

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 13

    T l Ez d dc c c f xl c ly

    d l ddc d d f Ez c

    (Kll/Ll 2000: 24; Lx/Sclf 2009: 805). I d cc , lcy,

    ly lc dd c wdw f y f ly d , wc y lly ly f c d Ez (R/Bzl 2000). I

    c f CNC, , lly qd w f-c w, cl cy

    w d . T f ly d x c

    c f EU dccy , c cc ld xcd c

    w w (Sclf 2009: 16f). Y, w d cy lc, c l,

    cly -q d d c-. Ty l ld

    fc f EU lc l cc l

    f ly ld d. P fc f wd EU l cd y

    f fl (Ad/Bzl 2012). I dd f fc c, wc

    , l fc , x c w xl c

    lc (Fd 1999). T fc c ddcd f c f c-

    y w d l l f dc d l

    cc.

    I , EU lly c CNC, dl f q, f EU lcy

    lcl d f dc (lly cc) d d w

    , lcy ccy. T f R: If R f lcy d ddl

    l cc f lz f c fc, d lly

    f . T c f dd ccl f Ez M

    S wll Cl E Acc C (B 2005; Jcq/Wll 2003; Mdz

    l. 2006; Wll/Jcq 2010). Nd c d y ll xl c

    lly ly xlly d f c l

    c c (Pc/ Wl 2009) c d c xlly d l c f

    dc cc.

    Y, f ycl ddc dd xl lcy f EU (Lx

    2008), EU l cd c f cc, fcl llz (T/

    K 2008). R l fqly d d ld f c N

    Ad y lcl cly w R f lcy d (Hd/L 2007;

    Pc 2005). Wl w c xc c c d c xl lc wc c w c-

    dl y c, c c, c f xlly d l,

    wc xl c l l c .

    F cdl y c, fll clc w EU lcy xcd c f f-

    l w EU l, c lly EU c d lc R c, f

    l d EU lcy c (l c). E d f

    fll clc ll cc f ccy ld dd y l c d c y

    l c. Ic lly f EU d R

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    14 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    c f y l l ly ld d (ccd c). I, w,

    xcd c f fl , dc c f lc xl y

    c wc d cd d. T y d Table 1.

    Table1:AssistanceandExpectedCompliancePaerns

    A C A Rv A

    F w EU- Fll Clc Fll/E Clc

    M w EU- I I

    If lcy f ld lcy cdly, f f ( cdly)

    lc ( cdly) f l y c, ll lly w lcy f

    dd w fc f dc . Plcy cdly d cly

    c dly fc f c, c -

    wd c l (Fd 1999). W y c CNC d, wl d fc

    lc f l d cc (llw clc). Hw, c wc xl c

    ly lcy cdly, cdly dl c w c

    l (ccd lcy cdly) d l ld f

    q f xl c (l lcy cdly). Ud cd f ll d-

    dc c lly c d c cdly dc d. Wl y

    c dly ld f ccd cdly, y lly d c f l cdly,

    cly w l cl w dc d, wc w Sclf

    d Sdl (2004) c c-cdly (see Table 2). A l cdly l d

    l l f EU l x, clc d f fll clc c

    xcd.

    Table2:CondionalityandExpectedCompliancePaerns

    C C C Rv C

    F w EU- Fll Clc Fll/E Clc

    M w E- Sllw/Slc Clc I

    C-clz d c-cdly c, wc ldy dcd l

    (Sclf/Sdl 2004: 674) cly l f yc cl

    ddc -EU xl c. W lc ldy f ll

    l y c d y -EU c c EU l f, fc w -

    cl d lycl l E Nd. F, c ly d-

    c, wc d l f c EU US d cl, lcly

    ll c f cc cdd ENP Ac Pl. Scd, c

    cd c-cdly c, c d y -EU d c xcd

    dd y EU. T l f c f dc c, w, ly dd

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 15

    dc cc d lcl d c w . Ty

    c dd f c c c ly. E d cd f EU-R

    dc d f l c c, CNC ll c EU l d-

    , f EU-d l f lc f c d c d f wdc . Hc, fwd d ly w c,

    c c wd lycl fc dc w cll

    f d xly l f w-d c xl c.

    I c dld , c f ddc w R EU-lcy f

    lly ld y w ly: fl f l d, wc ld

    c f l d l c d lc f lcy cd-

    ly y xl c. T x wc w fc c cc f lcy c f

    G d A lyzd x c.

    4. Cm Cm P S C

    T c f lcy f S Cc c f G d A lcd

    f c d c ll c d cl ccc d d-

    dc w R d EU . I dd, y cl w d lcy

    lc d cy . B G d A lcd l c l

    d yl d c f ENP (E C

    2005, 2005). Ty l fll f ll EC wd d , wc w ddd

    PCA d ENP Ac Pl (E U 1999). I dd, c d ly

    f y Fd H Idx 2006 w xc jy f-c w d -

    wc fl d f lcl l (Fd H 2006; 2006). Ty l dly

    cl ll f ccy (Bl Tf Idx 2006)1 d jc

    d f c lyd y EU fw f ENP. I dd, llz d

    cdc f d EU l ENP Ac Pl cl, lc c

    l Ac Pl f G d A (E C 2006c, 2006d).

    Y, c l d l fc dc d f

    lcy d ld d l R, wc lly ld dc -

    f c c.

    S f zzl clc , cl ly c c c

    ld clc c f lcy A. I d l -

    cl cd G cx 2009 d wc d cy dly lc-

    clc wd. T c fc fl f w CNC d

    ly w c c f EU d R. Plcy cdly

    1 A c cly dx, wc w d G lc f ly

    f fc d fc lc. T ll llw f c f c w d

    ccy f cl f f y cl.

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    16 | KFGWorking Paper No. 32 | November 2011

    dd cdl f lcy-cc, - c f f -

    d ll d c d c c y xl c. Pfl () d

    cc f fc c f EU d dc c ccd w

    lc f EU-d l () d () c w ,

    wc d c ly. T cl ly ld cdy l, f, l z (IO) d -l z (NGO), d l

    d xly 40 w w cdcd d c A d G.

    4.1 FromEmergingtoFullCompliance:MigraonPoliciesinArmenia

    I A, lc d cl lc c d f 1990 d

    Pd R Kc d l cl. B cdd c f cy,

    l f lzd d l. A , wd

    d c w lz dc lcl , y c f c

    f d l f l d f dl-d w f

    A cy. A cd, d c y c f

    EU d R dd A w ddl c f l f lc wc

    ld fy l d l, wl

    cc d lcl fcld ll .

    GovernmentPreferencesinArmenia

    B Pd f dd A, L T-P, wll cc d

    d l lcy f A l l cc w Azj

    N-K - A cl w Azj l d - d cc w

    Ty c f A cd f 1915. Wl T-P d ld K

    l l S , w d c -

    c Ty d Azj. R Kc ccflly clld T-P jy

    f l f A d d l A lld d

    dl l (Hf 2009; My 2007).

    Kc, wll fd cc S Sy, w c 2008, ly ld

    lcl f Rlc Py, l y A Rly Fd-

    Dy (ARF-D) d d-d z c R-Az d

    O E (F/S 2007). I dd, Kc d Sy w cly d

    c f lcc cc l l d ly w wly fdd

    y P A lc 2007 (Bl Tf Idx 2010). I f

    c fl cc c f cy, A lc dld

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    w d, cd dl lc c d dly ld

    (Dly 2006).

    B Kc d Sy d dcld f cl lc,

    wc cd cl l d wll lly c f -.Hl d A d cy ly cdd

    A d fhaydatandArarasm2, wc l d dd

    T-P (Hf 2009). T c f f A w d y

    l l, lly d cl xc f d fcd xl

    c f cy-l l A Hld (Sd 2011, 218). I 1999,

    Kc ld D f M d Rf (DMR) d -

    l 1990 cd y l f f f w w Azj

    d d q (UNDP 2001). F 1990 2000, d 900,000 A d

    f A, wc c d d f c A l (Py 2011:

    42). M w qly fd f y c cy, wc w

    cd l d d j lc c (G f A 2000;

    Kc 2003). E l d f lc d w d S Sy,

    w Rlc Py d d A f ll wld N cy

    (Rlc Py f A 2011) j l. M w dcld j cc f -

    2008 d dc [] l cy (G f A 2007, 2008).

    M w l clly ld cc w Azj, wc l d l y

    A dc dcl.

    TheDiverseUseofExternalOpportunityStructuresComplyingwiththeENP

    T A d EU d l x R c l

    d jfy w lc dcd l d l w f A, wll

    fcl ll ly f c-lcl d c l f lcl

    l.

    F, M Sc w My f F A d ccl f bi-

    lateral readmission agreements. Bll d flzd f A d

    d cy l w lllly d d d d d cy f d

    A. A ly d flz f ll d w EU d

    f c f fcl w xlcly d w Strengtheningofthe

    ENP 2007 (Bfc l. 2008: 4). Cly, A d 12 ll d

    w EU d Sc c, wc f ll CIS c d G.3

    2 A w Z, [A] f cy f wldwd d, wc

    q cq d ll f l, c d cl (Hf 2009).

    3 A d d w L (2002), L (2003), D (2003), Swzld

    (2005), Gy (2006), Bl (2007), Swd (2008), Bl (2009), Nld (2009), Lx

    (2009), Czc Rlc (2010) d Nwy (2010)(Dc My f F A 2011; My f F

    A f Rlc f A 2011).

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    T ccl f ll d w cl w d lcy f

    c A cy, wc cdd l d f d

    Rlc Py (Rlc Py f A 2011) wll ARF-D d cd cl

    f l c cy (Hf 2009). A d- w lly ld c f c f d,

    M Acy f Rlc f A (f DMR) cdd ccl f d

    j y f c , wl w

    d E l c .4 Illy, M Acy

    d ccl f d 2003 lz f

    f A cz, ld A c.5 R c

    w cdd j y d d f l cl

    A Nl Aly l 6 d l lc f f f

    l , f cd , d .7

    I d l d d f d A, A

    cly d cl d ccl c f EU d R. T My f

    D d f TAIEX jc 2010 lw l w EU c-

    q (E C 2011). T l f d w l d

    y EU c d yl 2009 w EC c f xly

    700,000 E (A UN Ac 2009). A f EU, A l d

    l f R d d d A. A d R d ll

    d d xc cl l 2010 (Pd f Rlc

    f A 2010). T Plc f Rlc f A ld w- c

    2005 d 2006 w jly dld w y f R Fd A d

    R Fdl Sc f M. I d f A cz

    R (Zf l. 2008: 28f), dly d w f A d

    lll . A cl EU lcy cdly ld fcl, wc w ly

    l 2006, w dd A cly w q

    d , lcy d w dc fc.

    T dl cl w d dc f c A,

    wc ly d cy clly ld d, A Plc, l

    lcy fc ld c 2004. T ccy ld dd y EU d xl

    d qd lc w ly lz -x d. T d

    d f A lc ly d q f EU l c

    4 Iw w cl f S M Sc f Rlc f A (RA) Y, A,

    Oc 2010.

    5 Iw w f S M Sc f RA Y, A, Oc 2010.

    6 Iw w M f Nl Aly f RA (P A) Y, A, Oc

    2010.

    7 Iw w cl f S M Sc f RA Y, A, Oc 2010; Iw w

    M f Nl Aly f RA (P A) Y, Oc 2010.

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    d ly 2012, fllw dl dc f 2008 (G f

    Rlc f A: 2008).8 T f cdd lcy dl cy,

    A d ldy d w c f dc cy 2006. 9 T

    f EC cwld A d dc d cy dd 2007 (E C 2008: 12), d cl f E C

    dld dc wld ldy cd llw f fcl,

    llz w EU.10 T d dc c d, w, w A

    2004 cl f My f F A, w cd OSCE cfc, w

    ld d d dd f c d.11 H ccflly ld

    d d f A lc f dc12 cqly ld

    f TAIEX jc xc w w E M S xc w c

    d 2007 (PAO A 2007). T l f ccy-ld l

    jc w ll f j jc f IOM d OSCE cld , cl

    d lcy dc (Il Oz f M 2010). Ccy ld f f cl

    y f q ly w d A, l G. T dly f

    dc f 2011 ly 2012 w ly ld lc f ccy w A

    lc d ly c d cd f ly q w

    l c (Nw. 2011).

    T ll l f ENP q w l cly fcld y c-

    c w d f S M Sc d ENP Ac Pl. W d

    l f l c l , S M Sc cly -

    f EU d c cy f EU ccy-ld

    ld. I ld f TAIEX jc c l c l f 2008 d 2010 (E

    C 2011; , 2011), d cly ld f Tw c , , -

    d f l f l c l (E C 2011).13

    Bd c, w, w j cc w lc d M

    Acy cd fc .14 T lc, w cl dl

    d cy-ld d, w cly d cl f A -

    cy fc d dl lc 2008. A dl dc w d

    ccd y -ld cy w lc, d f cl

    8 Iw w cl f My f Ecy f RA Y, A, Oc 2010.

    9 Iw w cl f P d V d f Plc f RA Y, A, Oc

    2010.

    10 Iw w cl f E C, DG H A, Bl, A 2011.

    11 Iw w cl f Cl D/ My f F A f RA Y, A,

    Oc 2010.

    12 Iw w cl f Cl D f My f F A f RA Y, A,

    Oc 2010.

    13 Iw w cl f S M Sc f RA Y, A, 10/2010.

    14 Iw w cl f Cl D/ My f F A f RA Y, A,

    10/2010.

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    cc, dl w y ly cl y. 15 T, wl M

    Acy cly f EU, w l cl lcy . I w ly

    l d cc f xl d, c UN Rf Acy

    UNHCR, A w dd ld f S MSc (H 2011: 10).16 A l f w f S M Sc, cc

    w d 2010 d Nl Ac Pl w d fw f w

    c l l c ld f (M Acy f

    RA My f Tl Ad 2010). T d d wd

    c l f lc l d -ld cc

    y . W w d f 2011 d lld

    cl l f , fqly fd Nl Ac Pl

    (A Nw 2011; PA. 2011).

    D ly l d d f l d dl l

    , A w qcly fcl w EU (E.

    2010). Wl EU ll fll f d cy d C,

    R w ldy fcl f A, yd -f l ld

    CIS. I 2009, R C dd ll w f A w-

    R. T C d ly d f -

    fc A, cd f S w dd f

    A (Aw 2011; E. 2010, 2011, 2011). Fllw c cc f

    2011, dcld d cc d d dc w

    R (Mdx 2011). T lcc d 2011, wll

    y l cl d cc dc, w, l d

    A f c-cc w cy. T c dd

    fc dl-d w A d ld , d c f

    cl c. A fllw d dc, A w cly w y cc

    dw 2009 G (see Figure 2).

    15 Iw w cl f S M Sc f RA Y, A, Oc 2010.

    16 Iw w cl f S M Sc f RA Y, A, Oc 2010.

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 21

    F 2: Rl GDP Gw R

    Lw, c y cly dcd 2009 (Wld B 2011), ll cc

    c l dcd w f A d. Wl w d clly

    d ll d wly l A d cd c w c, d

    70 c f A l d ld c c y -

    cl c (Bl Tf Idx 2008; Il L Oz 2008; T l.

    2005). T dc c y 2009 c cd cc d cl f

    cy. T C , f wc A cly ld c

    y 2009, w cdd cc d cl f A

    (Gy 2011). S f cl l ld ll lcl

    f c l. P M T Sy lcly jcd cc -

    fld , : W c w d, w ld d y l w

    , ccl d l ? (E. 2011).

    T , c dd y EU d R f d d w f

    ld A l d f ly c A, wl

    w Nl Ac Pl ld cc f

    c f . A , f A R

    C P d c ll cc d lcl

    l f ll f y, clly cl c. T, ddc w

    R dd c EU l f, c d f A dlyd

    ll w ENP c d R dd f ddl c f l.

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    4.2 FromIneratoSelecveCompliance:MigraonPoliciesinGeorgia

    Ul 2008, d Pd Ml Sl wd ll f -

    -ld lc G. I l w ll ll d, S dl f xl dl f cd l f w, w d

    y A . A d l , ly w f f G

    d d dy w f c y d c. Clc

    c w ENP lc ly d A 2008, w EU clly ld lcy

    cdly f fcl , wc w fcd y dc ddl

    cdly f R.

    Government preferences in Georgia

    T R Rl 2003 w f y f ld y f Jc M

    Ml Sl d Pl N Bjdz d cflly d f Pd

    Edd Sddz, w y ccd f wdd c. I 2004, Ml Sl,

    y w-dcd lc w w Pd, ld cl cy f c,

    ll l y d cy E-Alc c (Cj 2010:

    24). Sl Ud Nl M cqd ld Pl d ly c-d

    l f cl cy wly fd d, l cy w w-

    fl . I dd, Sl ccflly dcd d G c

    Pl f xd dl w. W fllwd w qc f

    fly f Adj d ccfl ccdw f y c, wl S O

    d Az d d fc dd lc l d f G d l

    c d wdd. W l f K Bddz, c G d R

    lc, -ll f c w ld w Sl d f 2004

    wd. T dl f w ll c dl d cc w,

    dld Sl dcl -c d d w d ly wy cld

    d G (E Sly I 2010: 9). A ly 2006, Bddz

    f wdd G w ll f D B Idx f Wld B

    (Wld B 2006). I l R d wd cdly l

    cc dl w f 2005 d 2006, d f c G dc

    d y c (Hd/L 2007). A l, Bddz z d w d

    c f lzd G , cl w ll c f G

    cy R (P 2006). A cd l cc f Sl f 2008, ly

    dl lc Jy d w w R A y, Bddz w d.

    Ud wly fd d Ml Sl d Ud Nl M l-

    c ld w f cl lc. T w f ll d

    w f G ly Sl ccfl l d cly

    lc A. Y, G d l xly 20 c f l f

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    Ul l 2009, ll w d cly w ENP lc G. P

    ll EC readmission agreement G d N 2009 fw ll d -

    w ddl w d. F w lc w Swzld,

    U, Bl, Ily d Gy (Il Oz f M 2008: 12), wl - w Ily w ld (G f G 2009). I dd, G dd d

    l c l d yl. T My c f cd f

    lc, My f Rf d Accd 2008, lly wd d c l,

    wc w l cd y IOM. Hw, d w cdd y d

    dd l l.17 Fllw f IO d l x, d lc

    f w cdd , lcd wfl dc

    d w l d.18 Sld l d lc f lcy d

    f ll dlf l l w G

    d cy (Cl G 2010; E Sly I 2010). O cl cy l

    d w ly cld G, d EU fc

    l ll.19 T My f Rf d Accd d c

    w G d ly ll EU . I ld f TAIEX jc l

    (E C 2011), wc f IOM G lly clld

    w f y.20 Cc c f dc cy, G d ll

    l 2008. Wl A d ldy dd l dc cy d cld w c-

    l dd, G fld d f 2008. I ll, ld w d

    lcy f, c ly lc f f G d d d-

    c f G w d ly .

    Y, G d cly d d f ly fcl w EU, -

    w l w ll d f ly d E-Alc f

    . A fc cly d G dd f fcl d

    f fc EU d R d ldy fcd ll fcl 2007.

    A R dd l G -wy , G

    cdd EU-R dc c f y

    fcld l EU f cc R z (Gl 2008). Hc,

    c f R fcd ddl c f lcy cdly. V fcl-

    w dd d w l c l y ll

    17 Iw cdcd w EU cl E Dl G Tl, G, Oc 2010;

    Iw cdcd w f G c f Il Oz f M

    Tl, G, Oc 2010.

    18 Iw cdcd w f G c f Il Oz f M

    Tl, G, 10/2010; Iw cdcd w cl Oc f S M f E-

    Alc I f Rlc f G Tl, G, Oc 2010.

    19 A xl, w d y E U ll l-

    d wy. () T , w w w. (Iw w f Cc

    I f Dl Tl, G, Oc 2010).

    20 Iw cdcd w f G c f Il Oz f M

    Tl, G, Oc 2010.

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    G l y. R ld c f fcl d f

    l y d ddd lc ll c f fcl. Wl G -

    fqly d d , y ll cd lc l

    f dc cy d ll l 2008 (EC 2008), c c f fcl f EU w cd y cc -

    d f E C .

    T cd w w R A 2008. Fllw c- , EU

    dd wdd G w d fcl. T d w xlcly

    l f cc d d d qly R d G cz, ccl-

    f Exdy E Ccl 2008 dcd (RAPID 2008). T EU clly ld

    fcl f EC d d dc f c

    -l c f fcl.21 I 2008, Fc F, EU-C

    f Jc, Fd d Scy clld f dc f c G 2009

    f fcl (Il Oz f M 2008), wl c c

    f EC d d fcl d lzd f l (T/

    K 2008).

    G qly d w d document security. T cy cd w l-

    , Cl Ry Acy f G, d dc Al 2010 d

    y cl c f EU d ENPI ll (Cl Ry Acy G 2011;

    Kzl 2010). R f Cl Ry Acy d dc f c

    w d cdly EU d fcl c.22 Hw, EC

    readmissionnegoaons, wc w d fcl , ll

    fcd dc cl G ly ll lcy. T EC d l

    fw ll d cy l d dd c G, f dc wd

    y d G f. A d y f G d EU -

    , l d cc f G d, ll f G

    cd ly f d l d ly d cy f .23

    T cld wd dw y G l dc ly ld

    d cy l w ld ld ly dd f G dd

    c.24 T w ccflly d 17 J 2010, w fcl

    w d (RAPID 2010). Clc d lc, d fc G dd -

    d dc c , d wd-dw d d f

    fld l c l .

    21 Iw w cl f EU d My f F A f G Tl, G, Oc

    2010.

    22 Iw w cl f Cl Ry Acy f My f Jc f G Tl, Oc

    2010.

    23 Iw w cl Oc f S M f E-Alc I Tl, G, Oc

    2010; Iw w cl f E C, DG H A, Bl, Bl, A 2011.

    24 Iw w cl f Oc f S M f E-Alc I Tl, G, Oc

    2010.

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    R, d f dc ddl cdly fcl c, w

    ll d y G fc ly f qc EU . T G

    d EU ly ld EU lcy d G [c!] c -

    EU lcy l d d cd (Sdl 2007) d clld f d f EU-G fcl. T ccd w d

    llz. T S M f E-Alc dcly ccd EU f d G

    y y llz G R:

    We are not complaining. But we are warning our friends that it would be very unwise to give Russia

    visaliberalisaonbeforeus-notbecauseweareagainstitinprinciple,butbecauseofRussiasillegal

    passporsaon.ItwouldbeverydamagingforEUspoliciesinsupportofGeorgiasterritorialintegrity

    andsovereignty(G Bdz cd : P 2011).

    T c dd G w R z dd ly dd l-

    cdly f EU w 2008. I l f d f -

    cl f l y y EU, c dd y R z l

    qd G w ccflly EU . T ly f

    c f fcl G w l ld cl d d -

    w d c, lcl cc. I ll, cf w

    G d R ld d f ddl cdly c cly f

    ENP d G d, wl cld d y G c-

    cflly EU f qc f G.

    5. C

    T d q d wc cd ddc w R (d ) c

    c f EU l f E Nd. I d dl c f d-

    dc w R clc w EU lc G d A dd w

    dc cd: fl f dc l d d ENP l, wll

    c f lcy cdly y xl c.

    I c d cy , d d l f ENP l w fcld y

    d c c dd y R d ddd fl f

    ENP l d dc . A d c w R ddl -

    y l lcy d w cl w ENP c,

    wl d A l dc dc cc d lcl

    cl c 2009. I G, w, l EU lc w dd w ly

    ll c f . Hc, G ld EU l ly

    c c f R lc G c -

    lc, wc dd f ddl cdly EU dd. Slc clc w -

    l lc fcl c w EU w dly d

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    d w c f dc lcy cdly f R d l

    d l l y. M ly, c f G w ENC c l

    l xl c d c EU ccl

    c, wc d ccfl c f fcl w EU.

    Wl d d cll ll fwd y l xl

    c, y c c: c f l d y EU ly

    ly d y lzd d f c f EU f lcy

    ld y R; f c cly c d c w d lcy

    l w w d. I c f c ld, c-cdly d

    c-clz c c cc. T d f y y d dd

    ddc cl f d f c c, ddd

    l y f dc c l cc. T d f -

    - c w-d c f xl c c l

    dd wy l l d cd f ll ddc, wl d .

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    B

    Ademmer, Esther/ Brzel, TanjaA.2012: M, Ey d Gd Gc EU E

    Nd, : E-A Sd (fc).

    Armenian News 2011: A G Ccd M, : ://w.//w/49439:l; ccd Jly 28, 2011.

    ArmenianUNAssociaon2009: Rfc f M f My Flw A. Pjc

    M, : ./dx.?=c_c&w=cl&d=34&Id=44&l=

    ; ccd Al 16, 2011.

    Armtown2011: H M P G M Plcy, : ://www.-

    w.c/w//q/20110318/201103181/; ccd A 22, 2011.

    Badurashvili, Irina 2011: O-M f G Mcw d D, : G,Nl/

    Sd, T (d.): Tdy M P-S Sc. T C C

    Sd, Ff M, 79-122.

    Baev, Pavel K. 2004: A R Cd. T Py G Cl A, : Cd Rw fIl A 17/2, 269-283.

    BertelsmannTransformaonIndex2008: Wld Dl A Cy R, Gl.

    BertelsmannTransformaonIndex2010: A Cy R, Gl.

    BertelsmannTransformaonIndex2006: Dld R 2006, Gl.

    Boniface,Jrme/Wesseling,Mara/OConnell,Kevin/Ripoll-Servent,Ariadna2008: V Fcl

    T f Cl - Ky Ac f ENP, E Pl.

    Browning,Christopher/Joenniemi,Per 2008: G f E Nd Plcy, :

    E Jl f Il Rl 14/3, 519-551.

    Brusis,Marn2005. T Il U f E U Cdly. Rlz Czc

    Rlc d Sl, : E E Plc & Sc 19/2, 291-316.

    Bugajski,Janusz2010: R Pc Rlz, : Cc Rw f Il A

    4/1, 3-19.

    Civil Georgia 2011: EU-G V E, Rd T E Fc Mc, : ://

    www.cl.//cl.?d=23058; ccd Al 11, 2011.

    Civil Georgia 2010: Sl: G Swzld w El f S, : ://www.cl./

    /_.?d=22064; ccd Al 16, 2011.

    CivilRegistryAgencyGeorgia2011: T F Bc P w d G, : ://www.c.

    ./dx.?l_d=ENG&c_d=49&f_d=1245; ccd Mc 8, 2011.

    Companjen,FrancoiseJ2010: G, : Bc, Dc A/ Pl, Al (d.): T Cl Rl-

    F S Rlc Scc d Fl, Ld d Nw Y: Rld,

    13-29.

    Council of the European Union 2005: 16030/05 N f P R C

    Dl C Ac V Fcl, Bl.

    Danielyan, Emil2006: A Olc M Bd f Pw w Nw Plcl Py, : E Dly

    M 3/9.

    Dimitrova,Antoaneta/Dragneva,Rilka 2009: C Exl Gc. Iddc w

    R d CIS L EU Rl Tf U, : Jl f E Plc

    Plcy 16/6, 853-872.

    DutchMinistryofForeignAairs2011: Ty D, : www.z.l//Ky-c/T; c-

    cd S 2, 2011.

    Easton, David1957: A Ac Aly f Plcl Sy, : Wld Plc 9/3, 383-400.

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    You Make Us Do What We Want | 29

    Epress.am2010: A S f V Fcl Tl w EU, : ://www..//2010/11/27/

    --f--fcl-l-w-.l; ccd A 22, 2011.

    Epress.am 2010: Ex D Udd W D My I U , : ://www..

    //2010/09/30/x-d-dd-w-d-y---.l; ccd

    A 22, 2011.

    Epress.am 2011: E w Ex f A Cz Fc S, : ://www.

    .//2011/01/14/xc--w-x-f--cz--c-

    --y-.l; ccd A 22, 2011.

    Epress.am 2011: S T Ccl M R H d Rl H? A PM E-

    , : ://www..//2011/06/28/--ccl----d-l-

    -----.l; ccd A 22, 2011.

    Epress.am 2011c: S Ocl Ecd Fd W Ad, : ://www../

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