YOUR HEALTH

WHAT IT IS WORTHTO THE RACKETEER

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1

YOUR HEALTH WHAT IT IS WORTHTO THE RACKETEER

It, no doubt, has never occurred to you that your health,not only being YOUR most valuable possession, might beof great value and source of profit to others—others whowill connive to take it away from you and turn it into cash,just as was done in the early days of life insurance in Eng-land. Crooks would insure the lives of friends and thensee that they did not live long. That practice became soextensive that special laws to stop the payment of insur-ance benefits to others than natural beneficiaries becamenecessary.

In the last fifteen years a new racket has developed, inwhich ORGANIZED MEDICINE has INITIATED apartnership with ORGANIZED BAKING AND MILL-ING for the express and acknowledged purpose of pro-moting the sale and use of bleached and devitalized cerealproducts by influencing with propaganda not only • theopinions of the lay public, but also the opinions of the rankand file of the medical profession itself, who otherwisehave been gradually arriving at a conclusion that these de-vitalized foods were definitely a major cause of disease.

We offer below the published statement of Dr. ArthurJ. Cramp of the Department of Investigation (and Propa-ganda) of the American Medical Association, in which heoffers the influence of the Journal of the Association tohelp to sell the idea of devitalized food products not onlyto the public but also to the MEMBERS of the AmericanMedical Association. (This was made to Dr. Barnard ofthe Baking Institute, and reported in Baking Technology,January, 1925.)

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"I have wondered recently whether you haveever thought of suggesting to the organized bakersof the country that there is very real need for aneducational campaign on the part of the modernbaker directed first toward the medical profession,and, second, toward the general public on the sub-ject of white bread.

"As you probably know, the medical professionhas a very poor opinion of ordinary white bread andloses no opportunity of depreciating it when dieteticquestions are raised. The food faddists and fakershave, of course, been most virulent against whitebread. But it is an unfortunate fact that the medicalprofession itself has rather taken the attitude thatthere was a certain degree of soundness in the de-nunciation against this staple article of diet and,instead of attempting to correct the impression, haslet it stand.

"I believe the baking industry would do itselfa service if it undertook to carry a campaign di-rected first, to the medical profession and later,if necessary, to the public direct, on the facts regard-ing white bread, as made today by the more pro-gressive and far-sighted members of the baking in-dustry."This offer was accepted. Up to that time the huge

baking and milling industry had paid no tribute to theAmerican Medical Association. Dr. Cramp saw a mar-velous opportunity to sell both the public and members ofthe association "down the river" at a fat profit, and the dealwent through.

The people of Denmark during the World War, IN-ADVERTENTLY did a similar thing, as reported in the1939 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture of theUnited States, page 3: "During the World War, Denmark

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exported its butter because of the war demand and substi-tuted other fats in the diet. Blindness, caused by lack ofvitamin A, began to show up among Danish children. Theireyesight had been sold abroad along with the butter."

The sale of the health of the nation here, however, wasNOT inadvertent. It was PLANNED and DELIBERATE.

The next step was an active campaign to discredit allideas of the shortcomings of devitalized foods and to decrythe possibility that vitamins had any relation to publichealth. On pages following are copies of advertising typi-fying the campaign.

"Hygeia," the "health" magazine for the lay public,published at an annual loss to the American Medical As-sociation (propaganda is seldom self-supporting), beganto carry such full-page advertisements as may be found onpage 327 of the April 1929 issue. A pure food lecturer isillustrated with a sign in the background stating "WhiteBread Is Poison," and above it is another picture of the"Medicine Faker of Yesterday," an Indian medicine show.The title over all is "The Evolution of a Faker."

The statement that white bread is poison has been at-tested to by no less an authority than Dr. Daniel T. Quig-ley, for many years professor of surgery at the NebraskaState Medical College. In his book "Notes on Vitaminsand Diets" he says flatly that white-flour products shouldnot be eaten. Supporting this statement he refers to thefindings of government chemists such as those reported byWorth Hale (assistant Pharmacologist), in the UnitedStates Public Health Service Bulletin No. 68, who saysthat the nitrites left by the bleaching process of white flourare definitely poisonous and cumulative in action as shownby tests on laboratory animals.

We quote from the above book by Quigley, pages111-113:

"The most common non-vitamin foods are sug-

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ar, white flour, white rice, and macaroni products.These have become common foods, in fact for theaverage civilized American individual they consti-tute from sixty to ninety per cent of the total foodintake. These have become common foods becauseof a commercial reason. They can be stored andshipped because of the fact that they are devitalizedand devitaminized. They do not furnish a properfood even for insects or germs and so may be han-dled commercially with considerable ease and profit.The economic situation here involved has forcedfoods into general use in the civilized world which,if continued, will mean the destruction of those whoconsume them. A very great number of interlockingorganizations connected with the manufacture anddistribution of pernicious and unfit food materialshas come into existence. They will do everythingin their power to continue to sell their goods.

"During the Spanish American War there was agreat scandal and much indignation because spoiledand unfit meat was furnished to the soldiers. Muchdisease and death was attributed to this cause. It isunpleasant, to say the least, to think that some sol-diers died in order that dishonest contractors andmeat packers might reap a profit. The same situa-tion now exists in a general way throughout the civi-lized world but on a larger scale, and the businessis conducted in a less obviously detrimental manner.

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"In one of the large American Universities thereis an endowment coming from those interested inwhite flour. This is for the purpose presumably ofgiving a chair for impartial investigation of themerits and demerits of white flour. All of the articlesemanating from this source are favorable to white,

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bleached flour. It could not be otherwise. If thearticles gave the opposite conclusions, or if the ar-ticles gave the plain unvarnished truth, those inter-ested from a purely commercial standpoint wouldhave no further interest in keeping up this particularpart of the university and it would go out of exist-ence. The point of interest here is that the commer-cial interests seem willing to pay a good price forpropaganda favoring the sale of their goods. Theyare apparently not interested in truth or science oruniversity endowments from any other standpoint.If they can get their propaganda from a universityinstead of from an advertising agency, they seemwilling to pay for it at a much higher price. Officialsin medical societies, medical writers, and universi-ties are being subsidized in order to put out propa-ganda in favor of food conditions as they now are.Some of the officials in medical societies have openlystated that they do not believe in upsetting business.Apparently business for them ranks higher thanhuman life."In the American Medical Journal from time to time,

since the acceptance by the flour milling and baking in-dustry of Dr. Cramp's unholy offer to peddle public healthto the highest bidder, full-page advertisements have ap-peared by the flour millers with a similar object in view—the steering of professional opinion into channels profitableto them. Such experts on vitamin research as Dr. E. V.McCollum of Johns Hopkins and Dr. Lafayette B. Mendelof Yale University have supplied letters published overtheir signatures and below their photographs recommend-ing the use of wheat products (without a word as to the dif-ference between whole wheat and bleached white flour),for various reasons, among them that "the farmers needthe business," and decrying "the misguided efforts to de-

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tion Journal for March 13, 1937, page 885:"COUNCIL ON FOODS

"ACCEPTED FOODS"The following products have been accepted by

the Council on Foods of the American Medical As-sociation following any necessary corrections of thelabels and advertising to conform to the rules andregulations. These products are approved for ad-vertising in the publications of the American Medi-cal Association and for general promulgation to thepublic. They will be included in the book of acceptedfoods to be published by the American Medical As-sociation.

"Franklin C. Bing, Secretary.

"DAKOTA MAID FLOUR (BLEACHED)"Manufacturer.—State Mill and Elevator, Grand

Forks, N. D.Description.—A hard spring wheat 'first patent'

flour; bleached.Manufacture.—Selected grades of North Dakota

hard spring wheat are mixed, washed, dried,scoured, polished, ground thirty-two times,sifted and impurities are removed. The flour isbleached with benzol peroxide (one-half ounceper barrel) and nitrogen trichloride (1% Gm.per barrel).

Analysis <submitted by manufacturer).—Moisture15.0%, total solids 85.0%, ash 0.4%, protein(N x 6.25) 11.6%, fat (ether extract) 1.4%,crude fiber 0.3% and carbohydrates other thancrude fiber (by difference) 71.3%.

Calories.-3.44 per gram; 98 per ounce."

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Here is what the U. S. Dispensatory* says aboutsuch flour:

"As flour is usually valued in proportion to its white-ness it has been extensively bleached in the past by the useof ozone or of oxides of nitrogen or by nitrosyl chloride.The question of the effect of bleaching upon the digestibili-ty or harmlessness of bleached flour has never been satis-factorily settled. It is a practice which is very prevalent atpresent because of the foregoing fact and the unwilling-ness of the authorities to antagonize the milling trade."

The increase in the statistical incidence of diabetesand heart disease has paralleled the increase in the use ofbleached white flour. That is one coincidence. Another isthat concentrates of vitamin B (the vitamin normally sup-plied by cereal foods) are the first physiological remediesto be discovered that relieve both of these heretofore in-curable diseases.

MORAL: Take nobody's word for the wholesomenessof any commercially prepared foodstuff. The most highlyrefined and devitalized ones are the most likely to bear a"Seal of Acceptance" issued by a self-appointed "guardian"of public health that is really only a guardian of the profitsof itself and its conniving associates.

No consideration, of course, is given to vitamin andmineral content in "accepting" foods for the "Seal." Noconsideration, of course, is given to the absolute fact thatdevitalized "foods" will not support life of either man oranimals.

Now just what are the various consequences of a dietthat is incomplete in these essential food principles? Herethey are:

1. Lowered vitality; fatigability; lowered resistance toall infectious diseases, of which statistically colds

*U. S. Dispensatory, 21st Edition, page 1306, J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1926.

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are the most prevalent (pneumonia the most fatal),tuberculosis the most feared; and stomach and in-testinal ulcers, which are the most distressing. (Seearticle by Sybil L. Smith, entitled "Vitamin Needs:Vitamin C," pages 251-253, United States Depart-ment of Agriculture Yearbook, Food and Life,1939.)

2. Functional diseases, which may be directly or in-directly due to the deficiency. Directly a few maybe listed as sterility and impotence ("nutritionalcastration"), night blindness, of which most of ushave a considerable degree as shown by the inabilityof our eyes to adjust themselves to darkness afterfacing automobile headlights at night,* gastritis,constipation, neuritis, predisposition to allergies,and many endocrine disorders that result from in-complete nutrition of the ductless gland system.

3. Degenerative diseases that are the result of longcontinued starvation of various organs and tissueswhich require vitamins and minerals. A short listwill include most heart disease, most vascular dis-ease, in fact, most chronic disease of any kind.

It will be observed that heart disease and pneumonia,the two major causes of death, are end results of vitaminstarvation.

The active campaign by the American Medical Associ-ation to discredit the uses and importance of vitamins hasbeen not only through the publication in their periodi-cals** of advertisements that mislead the reader (see pages17 to 20 for samples), but also through their Council onPharmacy and Chemistry, which strictly limits permissibleadvertising claims pertaining to vitamin concentrates to

*Easily measured by a biophotometer.**Hygeia for propaganda to the layman and the Journal of the American

Medical Association to the members.

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10the classical end results of deficiency as obtained in testanimals, such as vitamin A for xerophthalmia, vitamin Bfor beriberi, vitamin C for scurvy and vitamin D for rickets.Therefore, the M. D. has been deprived of information towhich he has been entitled, and which has resulted in suchan astounding picture as found in a Federal court last year,where a group of medical doctors were called in as "ex-perts" who testified that vitamins were of no value in thetreatment of the list of diseases on pages 8 and 9, and thatthey have no connection with vitamin deficiency. Thesemen either were abysmally ignorant, or were deliberatelycommitting perjury at the behest of the American MedicalAssociation or the Food and Drug Administration in aneffort to discredit the value of vitamin concentrates, and tohelp promote Dr. Cramp's purely mercenary program ofpromoting the sale of devitalized foods.

The testimony of one of these "expert" witnesses isoffered below, to which each of the others subscribed inessentially the same language. This witness was Dr. ElmerL. Sevringhaus of the University of Wisconsin MedicalSchool (and a member of the Council on Pharmacy andChemistry of the American Medical Association) :

QUESTION by Government attorney:"Supposing a product contains vitamins, all

known vitamins in adequate quantity, would it beconsidered an adequate treatment for . . . dropsy,rapid pulse, sinus trouble, insomnia, low blood pres-sure, high blood pressure, nervousness, stomach ul-cers, women's diseases, kidney inflammations, St.Vitus dance in children, overweight, underweight,low vitality, cystitis, toxic goiter, hardening of thearteries, heart conditions (muscular weakness, en-largement, valve leakage of the heart), lymphaticgland enlargement, . . . tiredness and lack of

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energy ?"(The defendant, through the testimony ofhis physician customers established the factthat these diseases could in many cases beameliorated or cured by the use of his vita-min product.)(The jury was being asked to consider thefacts on the one hand and the opinions of anarray of government "experts" on the other.)

ANSWER by Dr. Sevringhaus:"I would say that none of the conditions you

have mentioned . . . would be favorably influencedby this material nor would they be prevented by thismaterial so far as we can judge from the informa-tion we have about the diseases and what we knowabout those diseases."QUESTION by defense counsel:

"You did not understand it as calling for thepossibility or probability of it (vitamin deficiency)being one of the causes?"ANSWER by Dr. Sevringhaus:

"My answer would not be different if you wouldinsert the probability of it being an importantcause."QUESTION by Government attorney:

"Is whooping cough caused by a deficiency ofvitamins?"ANSWER by Dr. Sevringhaus:

"Not to the best of my knowledge."QUESTION by Government attorney:

"Is there any reliable evidence known to you orto medical science generally tending to show thatwhooping cough is due to a deficiency of vitamins?"ANSWER by Dr. Sevringhaus:

"I have never heard such evidence."

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QUESTION by Government attorney:"Is your opinion in that regard in accord with

the concensus of reliable medical opinion on thatsubject?"ANSWER by Dr. Sevringhaus:

"I think it is."QUESTION by Government attorney:

"Supposing a product contains an adequatequantity of all vitamins, would it or would it not bean adequate treatment for whooping cough?"ANSWER by Dr. Sevringhaus:

"It would not be."QUESTION by Government attorney:

"Has contagion or infection anything to do withvitamins or vitamin deficiency in the primarysense?"ANSWER by Dr. Sevringhaus:

"It is not thought to have any relationship."Now it is a known fact that vitamin deficiency re-

duces the resistance of the human body to the invasion bymicro-organisms. There are very few diseases that willinfect the patient without regard for his resistance, andit is a commonly known fact today that vitamin C is a re-markably effective remedy for whooping cough, both forprevention and cure. As to the scientific standing of vita-mins as a treatment of all these diseases, see bibliographyof references on pages 28-29. Further evidence is foundin the Department of Agriculture's own Yearbook for1939, pages 116-123, 221-271. Stomach ulcers, all infec-tive processes, including specifically pyorrhea, rheumaticfever, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and pneumonia are statedto be a result of lowered resistance in vitamin C deficiency.Dropsy, functional heart disease and enlargement of theheart are stated to be a specific result of vitamin B de-ficiency.

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WHY DID THESE DOCTORS MISREPRESENTTHE FACTS UNDER OATH? WAS IT IGNORANCEOR DISHONESTY? Either are inexcusable in testifyingin a criminal case. WHAT INFLUENCE WAS ATWORK TO DECRY THE IMPORTANCE OF VITA-MINS TO HEALTH? WHAT SIGNIFICANCE HASTHE FACT THAT BOTH DR. NELSON AND DR.SEVRINGHAUS ARE ON THE COUNCIL ONPHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY OF THE AMERI-CAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION?

Dr. Elmer M. Nelson testified as a government witnessas the head of the Vitamin Division of the Food and DrugAdministration as follows:

QUESTION: "Well now, doctor, does this vita-min, or do these vitamins appear in ordinary foodsor must they be particularly prepared by a combina-tion of things?"

ANSWER: "All of the vitamins necessary forhuman requirements can readily be obtained in ordi-nary foods that are readily available, and with suffi-cient exposure to sunshine. Foods may be con-sumed which do not contain very much vitamin D

f f• • •QUESTION: "With reference to the other vita-

mins, they would appear normally in regular food,is that correct?"

ANSWER: They can all be readily obtained byconsumption of the ordinary foods that are availableto us. Now, in some instances, where people are onrather restricted diets, either voluntarily or becauseof inability to buy sufficient food, there may be adeficiency of some of the substances known as vita-mins, but from surveys made during the last fewyears by the Department of Agriculture, it would

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appear that such deficiency is likely to occur onlyamong the lowest income groups."Now all of this sounds suspiciously similar to the

American Medical Association's propaganda—"Any well-balanced diet contains plenty of vitamins." Maybe the . De-partment of Agriculture DID make a survey, but lookedonly for scurvy, beriberi and pellagra. If it had looked forevidences of heart disease, tuberculosis, pneumonia, pyor-rhea, colds, stomach ulcers, influenza and children's dis-eases, the survey would have been a very different story.ACCORDING TO THE LATEST YEARBOOK OFTHAT SAME DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURETHOSE DISEASES ARE ALL A RESULT OF VITA-MIN DEFICIENCY! But the American Medical Associa-tion has refused to admit as yet that they are deficiencydiseases, AND THE EXPERTS TESTIFYING ASHERE REPORTED SIGNIFICANTLY FOLLOWEDTHE PHILOSOPHIES OF THE AMERICAN MEDI-CAL ASSOCIATION INSTEAD OF THE TEACH-INGS OF THEIR OWN RESEARCH WORKERS!WHY?

MEANWHILE, ORGANIZED MEDICINE HASSUCCEEDED IN MAKING IT A CRIMINAL OF-FENSE UNDER FEDERAL LAW FOR ANYONE TOTELL THE TRUTH ABOUT THE CRYING NEEDFOR VITAMINS AMONG THE SICK AND AILING,OR TO TELL THOSE WHO HAVE STILL RE-TAINED THEIR HEALTH HOW TO CONTINUETO RETAIN IT.

How much longer will the rank and file of organizedmedicine, among whom you will find numberless men ofthe highest character and integrity, permit their Associa-tion to be used for such an unspeakably hideous purpose?

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HOW THE NEW FOOD AND. DRUG LAW DE-LIVERS OVER TO ORGANIZED MEDICINE

AN ABSOLUTE CONTROL OVERTHE FOOD INDUSTRY

What is the difference between a food and a drug underthe new law? Here is the definition:

"The term 'drug' means (1) articles recognizedin the official United States Pharmacopoeia, officialHomeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States,or official National Formulary, or any supplementto any of them; and (2) articles intended for use inthe diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or pre-vention of disease in man or other animals; and (3)articles (other than food) intended to affect thestructure or any function of the body of man orother animals; and (4) articles intended for use as acomponent of any articles specified in clause (1),(2), or (3) ; but does not include devices or theircomponents, parts, or accessories."Under these official definitions of foods and drugs, a

food becomes a drug if it contains the nutritive essentialsto prevent or cure deficiency diseases, and the maker be-comes subject to prosecution if he tells the truth about itsnutritional values, FOR THERE IS NOW A PENALTYOF ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS FINE OR A YEARIN JAIL FOR THE UNFORTUNATE PERSON WHOTELLS THE TRUTH ABOUT SUCH A "DRUG" BE-FORE THE CONSENSUS OF MEDICAL OPINIONHAS ACCEPTED IT (AND THAT MEANS THEAMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION).

A food only remains in the food classification if it isincapable of preventing or curing a deficiency disease. Thedefinition of a food now only fits the devitalized and de-natured products that cannot support life in actual tests,

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nor favorably affect any "deficiency disease." If it cancure any form of starvation, a food is now a drug!

Can you conceive of a more diabolical scheme to hog-tie the maker of real health-food products? Can you thinkof a better way to protect the business of the AmericanMedical Association and its partners in crime—that list ofmanufacturers of corn syrup for babies, white sugar forcandy, white bread for us all—who wangle for "Seals ofAcceptance" (Seals of Death, more accurately), and buyfull-page advertisements filled with propaganda in thepublications controlled by that Association?

Did Congress intend to do this? Or did OrganizedMedicine write the bill to give itself that power and slip itover on Congress? We all would like to know.

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ADVERTISING PAGE FRCM THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONVoLuus 113 ADVERTISING DEPARTMENTNumman 13

isssosatnoinseastrotoosscatosn000stoosittramsnosnossoosstessaseransagnsovacnsgsmotosammansuerseefossstostoutrtrionsmesewso

Publicizing sound nutrition...Oeuti*Oibttat3uSentatutistwaWOewStaentulaSenSeutuSewSZICSIRAXiiScOgSiStattnRtw::00441.0******0011100*

17

43

THESE days, one hears so much of theelaborate machines for propaganda, po-

litical and otherwise, that it may be at leastrefreshing to hear of a publicity programfounded on scientific truth and actually de-voted to the public interest.

Just such a program is now being carriedforward by the Department of Nutrition ofthe American Institute of Baking.

Dedicated to the dissemination of truthfulnutritional information about bread and bakedwheat foods, this work is one with which webelieve you'll be in complete sympathy. For itaims at counteracting destructive influencesagainst our national consumption of bread andkindred wholesome foods ... waging a war oftruth against unscientific publicity and food-faddist malignments that have seriously af-fected popular notions about bread.

Naturally, with this objective, the Depart-ment's publicity has a certain amount oflegitimate bias. It is propaganda with a pur-pose. But without poison. Its bias is in balance:its nutritional data are sound from everydietary aspect, and consistent with scientificfact.

This campaign is now nearing the close ofits second year, with some notable accomplish-ments to its credit. For example, newly de-veloped literature, accepted by the A.M.A.Council on Foods, has been widely distributed;news items and articles on foods and nutrition,constantly emphasizing the wise advice, "Con-sult your physician", have been released foruse in thousands of newspapers and magazines;material has been supplied for countless edu-

cational radio programs; reliable information,based on scientific research and consistent withmedical opinion, has been furnished to thebaking industry.

Championed in this nutritional propagandaare these simple facts . . . elementary to you,but revelation to a huge fraction of the Amer-ican public:

—Mat no food is a complete or perfect food

—that bread, light or dark, is a good whole-some food, outstanding as a source of read-ilyassimilated food-energy,and contributingvarious other important nutrients to the diet

— that bread, in itself, is not "fattening"; thatthere is no such thing as a fattening food;that the quantity, rather than the type. ofcalories ingested is the sole cause of over-weight in normal individuals

— that bread in all its forms is a wholesome,economical food that deserves a prominentplace in the diet of every normal person

—that bread can be and often is included inreducing diets, under the direction of aphysician

Yes, we 'have an axe to grind. But we dosubmit, doctor, that in the baker's boots you'dchoose the same course. This is propaganda inthe name of truth. Educational publicity thatteaches sound, beneficial nutrition. In a word,propaganda without poison. Don't you agree?

By joining the baking industry in activesupport of the Department of Nutrition of theA.I.B., and by its own researches in the fieldof nutrition, General Mills indicates its com-plete accord and cooperation with this valu-able work.

GENERAL MILLS, Inc.Minneapolis, Minn.

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ADVERTISING PAGE FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN raraca ASSOCIATIONVOLONZ ZIo ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT1,11.13.1Ell 5 33

White Breadis wholesome..

Here is an authoritative statementabout white bread, a statement thatis accepted by the Council on Foodsof the American Medical Associa-tion:-

hike Vow% is a who1esome,

.utoaco.coos. As such *tt has

Its 6040 place in the uotoal Stet oi the aortas% ItoIlvlauet.

cks

avohlance

Feat et any hatiniul cousequeoces of the

n!

Hat

that It Is the cause et alo/ Soeasea coualtion when soopeM usea

to the notma1 Stet, is ecauehl vitthout sc:teatiCi ioutulatio

AN INFORMATIVE and inter,

esting booklet for physicians,describing the proper place of whitebread in human nutrition will be

DEPARTMENT

sent you on request. All statementsin this booklet have been acceptedby the American Medical Associa-tion Council on Foods.

OF NUTRITIONAmerican Institute of Baking

9 Rockefeller Plaza NEW YORK, N. Y.

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WHITE BREAD.'115 0 0, 11SOM

804ICK DIETS

h Dr HOKUM P'259$5T

Vhe Evolution .oBIG CHIEF

RAIN IN THE FACEFA.. o w s

REhEDY

wAWqwAkNEUP CORNS

RNFUhgTiSH

„z,z2-'2;:t WDao

130TRE

DOT EATM EATBUTTLRCREAM

t•ATSYNTHETIC

H AY

HYGEIA, April, 1929

This cartoon is published in an effort to awaken the public to thedanger of following the literature and advice of food faddists or fakerswhen they should depend on a licensed doctor or dietitian for correctdiet information. 'V To anyone interested, we shall be glad to mail,without charge, a copy of "Facts About Bread and its Rightful Placein the Diet"—a booklet containing statements by the country's mosteminent nutritional authorities. Address Dept. 375, WashburnCrosby Company, millers of Gold Medal Flour, Minneapolis, Minnesota.CO■+a 1979 r,Ex•L C

19

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47ADVERTISING PAGE FROM THE JOURNAL OF TKE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

0 rY1= 1(12

ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT

yy'04E. V. McCOLLUM

BALTIMORE, MD.

November 29, 1933

Products Control Division,General Mills, Inc.,Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear Sirs:

You ask me for a statement of my views concerningthe place of bread in the American Diet in the light ofmodern nutritional investigations. I em glad to comply.The statements which follow are merely the high points broughtout in my popular book, FOod, Nutrition and Health, and,therefore, represent the ideas which I have emphasized formany years in my lectures and writings.

An adequate diet must provide proteins of highbiologioel value, the eleven essential mineral elements, vita-mins and the fatty acid, linoleic acid, together with anabundance of energy. Bread, in my opinion should form theprincipal source of energy in the American diet. I say thisbecause any system of diet must be sound from the agriculturalstandpoint as well es sound physiologically. The United Stateshas a large territory which is preeminently suited to the grow-ing of wheat, and the well-being of many farmers can best beachieved through wheat culture. Wheat should, therefore, remainour principal bread grain.

All of air natural foods are deficient or looking inone or more nutrient principles, but the keynote to successfulnutrition is not in eating a single food which is complete andadequate nutritionally, but in making such combinations of ourbest agricultural products as will provide in one what is lack-ing in another.

In my opinion the American diet should consist ofabout forty per cent wheat flour, twenty per cent of dairy pro-ducts, daily servings of leafy vegetables and an adequate supplyof fruits. We are at present eating too much sugar, which crowdsout foods from the daily menus which, if eaten, would be betterfor us. In the system recommended above, with sixty per cent ofthe calories of the diet provided by bread and dairy products,there is ample room for satisfying the appetite in the remainingforty per cent by fruits and vegetables of all kinds end of smellinoroments of other cereals. This system will comply well withthe agricultural resources of the nation. Bread should be re-garded as an energy food.

I trust that the above will give you a satisfactoryconception of my views.

Sincerely yours,

JE.V.McCollum

/ /

/// /. > / /

,'

f ///// / r;

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21

REFERENCES ON RELATION OF VITAMINS TO HEART DISEASES*

Bickel, G., Role of B1 Hypovitaminosie in Cardiovascular Pathology, Presse Medicale,Paris, 46:1916, December 28, 1938.

Bickel, G., Vitamin B1 Deficiency in Pathogenesis of Cardiac Disturbances of Pregnan-cy, Archives des Maladies du Coeur, 32:769, August 1939.

Dustin, C. C., Weyler, H. and Roberts, C. P., Electrocardiographic Changes in VitaminB Deficiency, New England Journal of Medicine, 220:15, January 5, 1939

Eddy, W. H. and Delldorf, G., The Avitaminosee, pages 84, 92 -93, 100-101, The Wil-liams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1937.

Evans, W., Vitamin C in Heart Failure, Lancet, 1:308, February 5, 1938.Harris, L. J., Vitamins in Theory and Practice, pages 65-67, Cambridge University

Press, London, 1935.Hese, A. F., Newer Aspects of Some Nutritional Disorders, Journal of the American

Medical Association, 76;693, March 12, 1921Howell, W. H., Text-Book of Physiology, page 970, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1935,Jolliffe, N. and Goodhart, R., Beriberi in Alcohol Addicts, Journal of the American

Medical Association, 111.5:580-385, July 30, 1938.Levy, R. L., Diseases of the Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Pain, page 249, Macmillan

Company, 1936.Macleod, J. J. R., Physiology in Modern Medicine, 7th Edition, page 745, C. V. Mosby

Company, St. Louis, 1935•Marvin, H. M., The Therapy of Dropsy, Journal of the American Medical Association,

114,9757-765, March 2, 1940.Mathews, A. P., Principles of Biochemistry, page 58, William Wood and Company, Balti-

more, 1936.Medical Research Council, Vitamins: A Survey of Present Knowledge, page 137, London,

1932.Parade, G. W., Vitamin B Researches. I. Relationship Between Deficiency of Vitamin B1

and Bradycardia, Z. f. Vitaminforsch, 6:327 - 334, 1937.Quigley, D. T., Notes on Vitamins and Diets, Consolidated Bock Publishers, Inc., Chi

cago, 1933.Sherman, H. C. and Smith, S. L., The Vitamins, Second Edition, Monograph Series, No.

6, pages 70, 81, Chemical Catalog Company, New York, 1931.Strauss, M. B., Therapeutic Use of Vitamin B1 in Polyneuritia and Cardiovascular Con-

ditions: Clinical Indications, Journal of the American Medical Associ-ation, 110,13:953-956, 1938.

Sure, B., Vitamins in Health and Disease, page 41, Williams and Wilkins Co., Balti-more, 1933.

Taylor, S., Scurvy and Carditis, Lancet, 1:973 979, April 24, 1937.Waring, J. I., Nutritional Heart Disease in Children, American Journal of Diseases of

Children, 55:750, April 1938.Weiss, S. and Wilkins, R. W., Cardiac Symptoms of Vitamin B Deficiency, Annals of In-

ternal Medicine, July 1937.White, P. D., Heart Disease, page 437, Macmillan Company, 1936.Wiggere, C. J., Physiology in Health and Disease, page 960, Lea andFebiger Co., Phil-

adelphia, 1934.Williams, R. R. and Spies, T. D:, Vitamin B1 and Its Use in Medicine, The Macmillan

Company, New York, 1938.Winans, H. M., The Heart in Aviteminosis, Tri - State Medical Journal, 2392 2393, De-

cember, 1939.

*Compare this with letters on pages 23, 25, 26, 27.

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22

REFERENCES ON RELATION OF VITAMINS TO DIABETES*

Bartelheimer, H., Vitamin C and Diabetes, Deut. Arch. klin. Med., 182:542-555, 1938.Beckert, W., Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus with Yeast, Munch. med. Wochschr., 85:

1231-1232, 1938.Brazer, J. G.,and Curtis, A. C., Vitamin A Deficiency in Diabetes Mellitus, Archives

of Internal Medicine, 65:90, January 1940.Eddy, W. H. and Dalldorf, G., The Avitaminosee, pages 116 - 117, The Williams and Wil-

kins Co., Baltimore, 1937.Gottlebe, P., Vitamin B1 and Carbohydrate Metabolism, Z. Klin. Med., 133:739-746,

1938.Himwich, H., Carbohydrate Metabolism, Annual Reviews of Biochemistry, Vol. 7, 143-

162, Stanford University Press, 1938.Labbe, Nepveux and Gringoire, Bull. Acad. de Med., (Paris), 109:689-702, May 23, 1933Macleod, J. J. R., Physiology in Modern Medicine, Seventh Edition, page 744, C. V.

Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1935.Mathews, A. P., Principles of Biochemistry, 56 - 59, 101, William Wood and Co., Balti-

more, 1936.McCollum, E. V. and Simonds, Nina, The Newer Knowledge of Nutrition, Fourth Edition,

page 223, Macmillan, 1929.Medical Research Council, Vitamins: A Survey of Present Knowledge, page 133, 134,

London, 1932.Mosonye, J. and Aezodi, Z., Modification of Islands of Langerhans Through the Vague,

By Means of Vitamins Bi and C, Klin. Wochnschr., Berlin, 17:333, March5, 1938.

Be/son, W. E. and Ward, D., Diet in The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Children,American Journal of Diseases of Children, 55:487-495, 1938.

Ostaia, M., Terashmia, T. and Matsutany, Y., Influence of Cevitamic Acid on DiabetesMellitus, Mediziniecne Klinik., Berlin, 34:262, February 25, 1938.

Park, Ira 0., Preliminary Observations on Vitamin A Deficiency as Shown by Studieswith Visual Photometer, Journal of Oklahoma State Medical Associa-tion, October 1935.

Pfleger, R. and Scholl, F., Diabetes,md Vitamin C, Wien. Arch. inn. Med., 133:739-7461938.

Quigley, D. T., Notes on Vitamins and Diets, page 54, Consolidated Book Publishers,Inc., Chicago, 1933.

&all, Annals of Dentistry, 5,3:129, 1938.Rathery, F. and Klotz, P., Does A Diabetic Polyneuritis Exist? Bull. mem. soc. med.

hop. Paris, 54:574-580, 1938.Schroeder, H., Relation of Most Important Vitamins to Carbohydrate Metabolism, Zeit-

echrift f. d. Gee. experimentelle Medizin., 101:373 -403, September 20,1937.

Sherman, E. C. and Smith, S. L., The Vitamins, Second Edition, Monograph Series, No.6, pages 81-82, The Chemical Catalog Co., New York, 1931.

Stepp, W., Kuhnau, J. and Schroeder, H., The Vitamins and Their Clinical Application,Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1936.

Sydenstricker, V. P., Geeslin, L. E. and Weaver, J. W., Avitaminosis Occurring in Di-abetic Patients Under Insulin Therapy, Journal of the American Medi-cal Association, 113,24:2137-2138, December 9, 1939.

Tuohy, E. L., Geriatrics in Relation to an Adequate Energy Producing and ProtectiveDiet, Journal of the American Medical Association, 114,3:223-227, Jan-uary 20, 1940.

Vorhaue, M. G., Williams, R. R. and Waterman, R. E., Studies on Crystalline VitaminB1: Observations in Diabetes, American Journal of Digestive Diseasesand Nutrition, 2,9:541-557, November 1935.

Williams, R. R. and Spies, T. D., Vitamin Bi and Its Use in Medicine, pages 47-48 andChapter 26, Macmillan Company, New York, 1938.

•Compare this with letter on page 24.

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Amnion tlirbtral Assortaitan 23

•UPteAL, OP I •,1,01,1

r.to J Cal/Owl A. 00 , ..e•ow

TO•••Mono WM NORTH OCAR•ORN S TTTT T. CHICAGO.

March 1, 1933

Mr. Harold RMIIIINE2115 W. Wisconsin Ave., Apt. 6Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Dear Sir:

In re:

The exploitation of is obviously a crudepiece of quackery. While it is stated in some of the pamph-lets that Tablets contain in "concentrated form"vitamins A, B, C, D, E, F and G, in other advertisingmaterial the word "concentrated" is omitted. Nowhere intheir advertising is given the amount of the various vita-mins alleged to be present.

Claims made in a booklet that does not accompany thetrade package are not subject to any restrictions under thefederal law - the exploiter can lie to his heart's content.It is only the statements that are made on or in the tradepackage that are subject to the restrictions of the NationalFood and Drugs Act. It would doubtless be found that theexploiters of Nw■ make very few claims for their prepara-tion on the trade package.

To say that "heart trouble" is a vitamin-deficiencydisease is to make a statement that is meaningless and silly.

Very truly yours,

AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Bureau of Investigation.

AJC:JW

DO YOU WANT INFORMATION ON:

A 'PATENT MEDICINE." A MEDICAL FAD. FADDIST OR QUACK, A FREAK TREATMENT OR A MEDICAL FRAUD,

WRITE TO THE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION:

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IBITGERA77te Health Magazine

'waded sad Pilhkel by the

Aintrinut lion

24

In yew rats slimemar r a •• PHs Be. 74 535 North Dearborn St., CHICAGO,

June 20, 1936

Mrs. M. McG1810 W. Wisconsin Ave.Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Dear Madam:

The Bureau of Investigation of theAmerican Medical Association has written youunder separate cover about

There is no connection between vita-min B deficiency and the cause of diabetes.

We are sending you attached an arti-cle on diabetes taken from HYGEIA, The HealthMagazine, and typical of health education mater-ial appearing in this magazine for the layreader.

Yours very truly,

HYGEIAThe Health Magazine

B:EL -3902

no Americas Maks' Assoeletkmbronkeek •elda daring the wishermew, over nationwide eetweel ofthe Hatieeel Breedesette•Ceemerw•Time of peeves ..d sitlieete

werealy I. Waste, TheNests Megeslee.

PRESCRIBING BY MAILTHERE is a widespread impreesion that medical treatment can be prescribed by mail on the basin of the description of symptoms sold drat bi theI patient. It is not pmeible to do this satisfactorily, Symptom. do not make a diagnotie. Oftentima, what appear to the non-medical pawns to bethe sense symptoms and signs in two individual. may be due to qtdte different mum

Moreover, the wise physician does not prescribe for a disease; he treats the ;tenon aNicted with what le best for Neat permat that time. This canbe determined in each instance only by • thorough knowle of the previous higtory and of the umpteen. and physical signs preeent in the patient.Even in the very few dimness for which specific remedies are Imam (such as quinine for malaria, and arsenical and mercurial compounds foe .7pbtlis),the dose and the frequency and method of administration moat be determined for each generate Wk.,-

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TOITGERA 25

The Health MagazineFounded end Pabliebed by he

Antertratt flitteeral Aosartattan

In your nub Sm.refer to el • • Mb No. 136; 326; 535 North Dearborn St., CHICAGO,

JULY 20,1933

Mr. P. J.617 N. 23rd StreetApartment 304Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Dear Sir:

Your doctor is correct when he says that heart troubleis not connected with a vitamin deficiency.

Extreme and prolonged vitamin deprivation might impairthe heart along with all the rest of the body nutrition, but suchextremes are not met with under ordinary circumstances.

With specific reference to we quote the followingfrom our Bureau of Investigation:

"The exploitation of is obviously a .crude pieceof quackery. While it is stated in some of the pamphlets that

Tablets contain in 'concentrated form' vitamins A, B, C, D,E, F, and G, in other advertising material the word 'concentrated'is omitted. Nowhere in their advertising is given'the amount ofthe various vitamins alleged to be present.

"Claims made in a booklet that does not accompany the tradepackage are not subject to any restrictions under the fedenil law -the exploiter can lie to his heart's content. It is only the state-ments that are made on or in the trade package that are subject tothe restrictions of the National Food and Drugs Act. It would doubt-less be found that the exploiters of make very few claims fortheir preparation on the trade package.

Yours very truly,

HYGEIAThe Health Magazine

B:DL:2244PRESCRIBING BY MAIL

'HERE is a widespread impression that medical treatment can be prescribed by mail Oil The hub of the description of symptoms and signs by theI patient. It M not possible to do this satisfactorily. Symptoms do not make a diagnosis. Ottantinue what appear to the nonmedical person na bethe same symptoms and signs in two individuals may be due to quite different causes.

Moreover, the wise physician does not prescribe for a disease; be treats the person afflicted with what Is best for that person at that time. This canbe determined ineach instance only by a thorough knowledge of the previous history and of the symptoms mqd physical signs premed ist the patient.Even in the very few dieases for which specific remedies are known (such as mfinine for malaria, and arsenical and mercurial compounds for syphilia),the dose and the frequency and method of administration must be determined for each separate patient.

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rerirGERAThe Health Magazine

Founded toed Pettashet1 by the

Amtriran filthtral Aso:dation

ow ol, Wean 136; 326; 535 North Dearborn St., CHICAGO,

July 31,1933

Mr. P. J. W617 N. 23rd St., Apt. 304Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Dear Sir:

In reply to your letter of July 21st, we comment as follows:

"Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that vitamin Bdeficiency produces an abnormal rhythm of the heart is it notpossible that some forms of cardiac disease are due to cumulativeeffects of vitamin B deficiency?"

Our reaction to this quotation is that there is a vastdifference between experimental vitamin B deficiency produced bythe deliberate feeding of animals on a diet which has been care-fully freed of vitamin B and conditions as they exist in theaverage individual on an average general diet. Vitamin B ispretty widely spread in our ordinary foodstuffs and except inthose regions where individuals are restricted by poverty or bycustom to a deficient diet, such as the hog and hominy diet ofsome of our remote Southern rural regions, deficiency of vitaminB is not to be feared.

"Absence of another vitamin B fraction apparently leads toheart block and a remarkably slow pulse, and the puzzling ques-tion of edema (wet and dry beri beri) may be due to anotherfraction which in conjunction with torulin regulates tne distri-bution of water in the body."

Again we point out to you that extreme deficiency of theantineuritic fraction of vitamin B, either experimentally ordue to the Oriental polished rice diet, does not obtain in Ameri-can communities where the ordinary diet includes an ample supplyof vitamin B.

Regardless of arguments of those who have something to sell,the fact remains that except for vitamin D, in the diet of infants,any well rounded diet contains an adequate supply of vitamins, andsupplementing them with commercial preparations is unnecessary.

Yours very truly,

HYGEIAThe Health Magazine

PRESCRIBING BY MAIL

; .onto the

kby am< Ogn',T,=<dl`e'.1 person o hethe 'not

dare disco mite he treats tge 'person afflicted with what is best for that person at that timet This . can

he determined in nach instance only I, thorongh knowledge the previous history of the symploms . and physical sugets present in. th e patient.Eve, to the very few d,ases for which specific remedies ore known (such as nutrune for malarta, and arsenteal and merottrtal compounds for syphilis),the dose • toI the thteutteney and method of administration must he determined f or each separate (attend

26

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28BIBLIOGRAPHY

(Referring to conditions mentioned on pages 10-13)

Abt and Farmer, Vitamin C Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Journal of the American Med-ical Association, 111,17:1555-1565, October 22, 1938.

Alken, Use of Vitamin C in Urological Diseases, Z. Urol., 32:393, 1938.Barborka, Diet and Preventive Dentistry, Journal of the American Dental Association,

23,6:983, June 1936.Berg, The Effect of Vitamin C on Heart Muscle Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism, Arch.

exptl. Path. Pharmakol., 185:359 367, 1937.Berglund, Medea, Huber, Longcope and Richards, The Kidney in Health and Disease,

pages 147-149, 150-151, 252-253, 353, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia,1935.

Best and Taylor, The Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, pages 52 - 53, WilliamWood and Company, 1937.

Boyd and Connell, Essential Unsaturated Fatty Acids in the Relief of the Common Cold,Canadian Medical Association Journal, 37:38, July 1937.

Busing, Treatment of"^Infectious Diseases with Vitamin C, Munch. med. Wochnschr., 86:575- 579) 1939.

Christiansen, Nutrition and Disease in Denmark, Lancet, 234:336-341, 1938.Clausen, Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Vitamin A, Journal of the American Medical

Association, 111,2:144-154, July 9, 1938.Delafield and Prudden, Text Book of Pathology, Fifteenth Edition, 496, William Wood

and Company, New York, 1931.Eddy and Dalldorf, The Avitaminosee, pages 56, 202, 258, 265 -266, Williams and Wil-

kins Company, Baltimore, 1937.Emerson and Irving, Hypertension and Health Diagnosis: Journal of the American Med-

ical Association, 111,13:1174-1178, September 1938.Erickson and Feldman, Signs of Vitamin A Deficiency in the Aye Correlated with Uri-

nary Lithiasis, Journal of the American Medical Association, 109,21:1706, November 20, 1937.

Euler, The Water-Soluble Vitamins, Annual Review of Biochemistry, 5:355 -378, StanfordUniversity Press, 1936.

Evans, Vitamins in Ophthalmology and Otolarnygology, Review of Recent Experimentaland Clinical Observations, Ohio State Medical Journal, September 1939.

Faulkner and Taylor, Vitamin C and Infection, Annals of Internal Medicine, 10:1867-1873, June 1937.

Gellhorn and Dunn, The Influence of Lack of Vitamin A in the Diet on Phagocytosie-Promoting Properties of the Blood Serum, Journal of Nutrition, 13,3:317-329, March 10, 1937.

Gellhorn and Dunn, Undernuttition, Starvation and Phagocytosis, Journal of Nutrition,14,2:145-153, August 10, 1937.

Giroud and Giroud, Vitamin Deficiency Diets and Pathogenic Microdrganisms: Morbidityand Mortality as a Function of the Diet, Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., 128:606 -608, 1938.

Hasselbach, Vitamin C Deficiency in Tuberculosis, Deut. med. Wochnachr., 62:924 -928,1936.

Higgins, The Dietary Regimen in the Treatment of Renal Calculi, The Journal-Lancet,58,1:9-12, January 1938.

Higgins, The Experimental Production of Urinary Calculi, Journal of Urology, 29,2:157-170, February 1933.

Jetter and Bumbalo, Urinary Output of Vitamin C in Active Tuberculosis in Children,American Journal of Medical Science, 195:362-366, 1938.

Journal of the American Medical Association, Status of Certain Questions ConcerningVitamins, 106:1732, 1936.

Koepcke, Vitamins and Infections of the Eye, Nose; Throat and Sinuses, Lancet, 57,10:460, October 1937.

Lewis, The Effect of Hyperthyroidism upon the Metabolism of Vitamin C, Bull. JohnsHopkins Hospital, 63:31, 1938.

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29Luckner, Nutritional Edema and Its Origin, Zeitschrift f. d. gee. experimentelle Met-

izin., 103:563-585, June 25, 1938.Macleod, Physiology in Modern Medicine, Seventh Edition, 731-732, C. V. Mosby

St. Louis, 1935.Martin and Heise, Vitamin C Nutrition in Pulmonary Tuberculosis, American journal c-

Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 4:368-374, 1937.Mathews, Principles of Biochemistry, 417, 419, 423, William Wood and Company, Balt:-

more, 1936.Maurer, Wiles, Schoeffel and Fisher, The Effect of L-Cevitamic Acid on Insomnia,

Illinois Medical Journal, 74:84-85, July 1938.McLester, Borderline States of Nutritive Failure, Journal of the American Medical

Association, 112,21:2110-2114, May 27, 1959.Means, Hertzel and Lerman, Nutritional Factors in Grave's Disease, Annals of Internal

Medicine, 11:429, 1937.Ormerud and Unkauf, Vitamin C Treatment of Whooping Cough, Canadian Medical Associa-

tion Journal, 37:134-136, August 1937.Otani, On Vitamin C Therapy of Whooping Cough, Klin. Wochnschr., 15:1884-1885, Deems-

ber,19, 1936.Petter, Vitamin C and Tuberculosis, Journal Lancet, 57:221-224, May 1937.Price, Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, pages 49, 54, 77, 326-351, 385, Paul B.

Hoeber, Inc., New York, 1939.Radford, DeSavitsch and Sweeney, Blood Changes Following Continuous Daily Administra-

tion of Vitamin C and Orange Juice to Tuberculosis Patients, AmericanReview of Tuberculosis, 35:784-795, 1937.

Ray, Effect of Hyperthyroidism on the Metabolism of Vitamin C, Journal Indian Chem-ical Society, 15:237-239, 1938.

Rinehart and Mettier, Heart Valves and Muscle in Experimental Scurvy with Superior -posed Infection, American Journal of Pathology, 10:61-80, January 1934

Rose, The Therapy of Goiter and of Hyperthyroidism, Journal of the American MedicalAssociation, 111,6:555-556, August 6, 1958.

Shattuck, Nutritional Deficiency and the Nervous System, Journal of the American Med-ical Association, 111,19:1729-1734, November 5, 1938 .

Sherman and Smith, The Vitamins, Monograph Series, Second Edition, 143-144, 163, 27.,281-283, The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc., New York, 1931.

Sherwood, Vitamin C and Chronic Arthritis, Northwest Medicine, 37,9:288-289, Septet--her 1938.

Shurly, Dietary Treatment of Chronic Sinusitis, American Journal of Surgery, 42:174,October 1938.

Sure and Smith, Hyperthyroidism and Nutrition. I. Vitamin B and Thyroxine, Journal 3fNutrition, 7:547, 1934.

Szent Gyorgyi, Therapeutic Properties of Vitamins, Presse Medicale, 46:995, June 25,1938.

Vaquette, Disturbance of Vitamin C Metabolism in Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Rev. tuber7.,3:409-425, 1937.

Vedder, The Pathology of Beriberi, Journal of the American Medical Association, 11G,12:893 - 896, March 19, 1938.

Wachsmuth and Heinrich, Hypovitaminosis and Osteomyelitis, Elia. Wochnschr., 17:26*271, 1936.

Walker, Determination of Urinary Excretion of Vitamin C, Virginia Medical Monthl,/,

65:475-478, 1938.Wiggers, Physiology in Health and Disease, pages 839, 958-959, 969, Lea and Febigar.

Philadelphia, 1934.Williams and Spies, Vitamin B1 and Its Use in Medicine, pages 4, 7-8, 85, The Masmfl-

lan Company, New York, 1938.Yu, The Role of Vitamin C in Infection and Immunity, Chinese Medical Journal, 52:h-05-

412, 1937.Zimmerman, Newer Aspects of Nervous Disorders in Avitaminosis, Confinia Neurol., 1;E--

39, 1938.Zondek, The Diseases of the Endocrine Glands, 162, William tbod and Company, Balti-

more, 1955.

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BY ROYAL LEE

BOX 267

PRINTED IN U. S. A. - APRIL 1940

ELM GROVE. WIS.

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