Yorkie Wagging Tales

Yorkie Wagging Tales Yorkshire Terriers Club of Gauteng Magazine

December 2012

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in this issue BREED TALES 6 Colour 8 Breed Standard CARING & REARING TALES 10 PRA-prcd testing 28 Liver shunt CHATTING TALES 5 Quotes from yorkie lovers GROOMING TALES 13 Wrapping 17 Taking care of a yorkie coat OUT AND ABOUT TALES 20 History 26 Showcasing the results of members SWAGGING TALES 25 Photo competition

BIS BISS CH (CAN/USA/SA)

Rigair Marshal Gzada #1 Yorkshire Terrier 2012

as per Animaltalk Top 100 rating

KUSA National Showdog of the Year

Editors: Rene Potgieter, Carol Campbell and Francesca Dalla Vecchia Editorial Contributors in this issue: Beate Ackermann Heidi Rolfes Henritte van der Zwaan Dr Tim Hepplestone Design and Layout: Ornella Trinco Dictum Publishers Advertising: Rene Potgieter and Carol Campbell [email protected] Subscription: Yorkshire Terrier Club of Gauteng [email protected] Yorkie Wagging Tales welcomes your input. Please send your contribution for the next issue of Yorkie Wagging Tales to: [email protected] The views or opinions expressed in this magazine or content of advertisements are those of the contributors and correspon-dents concerned and do not reflect the views of the Yorkshire Terrier Club Of Gauteng, the editors or publisher, who do not accept responsibility for errors of interpretation or fact in subject matter or advertisements contained herein. Advertisements are inserted in the form received from advertisers. Where these include descriptions of dogs and are at variance with the recognised description or make as to its achievements, the editors, published and Yorkshire Terrier Club of Gauteng do not hold themselves responsible.

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Muttering about. Welcome to the first issue of Yorkie Wagging Tales.

The Yorkshire Terrier Club of Gauteng was formed in the beginning 2011. We endeavour to protect the breed

and breed standard; to promote and encourage quality in the breed; and to educated the public, breeders and

judges.

The club feels very strongly about the colours of Yorkshire Terriers . There is only one correct colour combina-

tion for a Yorkshire Terrier according to the breed standard. People who are breeding and selling anything differ-

ent, advertised as rare or exotic are compromising the gene pool and exploiting the breed. There should be only

one reason to breed, and that is to continuously improve the breed, according to the standard. It is not for profit,

or personal gain, it is purely for the love of the breed. Puppy buyers please be aware of what a Yorkshire Ter-

rier should be, and ensure that you purchase your puppy from a reputable breeder. Please do not be fooled by

terms such as rare and exotic, for if these breeders really cared about the breed they would not be producing

these incorrect colour combinations, and charging a premium for them.

In this issue we are covering various tales under breed; grooming; caring and rearing; out and about. Hope you

will enjoy these articles. Thank you to the contributors.

We received a big entry for the photo competition. They were all winners but unfortunately Pat de Coning had to

choose only one winner. The winning photo and some of the photos that she short listed can be seen on the

swagging tales pages. The winning photo will receive a hamper of Wampum products kindly sponsored by Heidi

Rolfes from Wampum products. Get your cameras ready for the next issues competition. Also read the tips on

how to photograph a new puppy in tail-end.

Please send your letters to be included in the chatting tales for the next issue to [email protected]. The win-

ning letter will receive a hamper sponsored by Wampum products.

Let us know what you would like to see in future issues.

Ren Potgieter Carol Campbell Francesca Della Vecchia

Chairman Vice-Chairman Secretary

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why is yorkies so popular...

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Over the past 5 years, the highest number

of registrations of all the breeds has been

the Yorkshire Terrier. The popularity of the

breed unfortunately has resulted that there

are people out there who only breed for the

quantity and not to produce quality, healthy

dogs.

Reputable breeders have a big responsibil-

ity to protect their breed and their breed

standard. They invest time to do research,

to gain knowledge about their breed before

commencing breeding. They should make

sure that they reduce the chances of pro-

ducing offsprings with inherited disorders.

Good breeders also need to know as much

as possible about any health or genetic dis-

orders in the pedigrees of the dogs they are

breeding so they can avoid doubling up on

any genetic concerns that may be present

in the pedigrees of both parents. It is seen

more and more that people are breeding

dogs with colours Chocolate, Brown, Liver,

Gold just to name a few. One of the out-

standing characteristic of an adult Yorkshire

Terrier is its long dark steel blue and tan

silky coat. This is also the only recognised

colour combination according to the breed

standard. Every responsible breeder

should strive to avoid breeding incorrectly

coloured yorkies, as it could be a genetic

defect that my affect the dogs health.

Some of the health problems that might oc-

cur, include but are not limited to, are col-

our dilution alopecia, severe skin problems,

allergies, total hair loss and in some cases

long-term illness.

These undesirable colours can at times ap-

pear because of genetics. Let us explain

some of the basics. A Yorkshire Terrier is

born Black & Tan (B/T) but as the puppy

matures the coat should change from an all

black body to the trademark dark steel blue

by the time he is an adult. The coat may

begin to change colour any time after 8

weeks. Some people believe that early

breakers tend to have a lighter blue, how-

ever this is not the case. We have seen

dogs break blue by 12 weeks and stay an

extremely dark blue all their lives, there are

also dogs that broke their colour much later

and they became far lighter than the pre-

ferred steel blue. As for the tan this should

be a rich golden tan that keeps darkening,

up to about the age of 3 years. The correct

colour for the Yorkshire Terrier should al-

ways be steel blue and tan or steel blue

and gold as an adult.

When it comes to genetics there is always

some confusion, often people assume that

black is a dominant colour in Yorkies. Per

Malcolm Willis' "Genetics of the Dog" the

genetic makeup of a Yorkshire Terrier is B/

T, which is a recessive colour to black, it is

not a matter of simple dominant black. B/T

is the only gene the Yorkie should be carry-

ing for pattern, the blue colouring is created

at another loci altogether. Whereas a solid

black dog carries the genes AA or A, the B/

T carries a(s)a(s), which is the B/T with a

saddle. Anytime an upper case letter is

shown that's the dominant gene and the

lower case is the recessive. a(s)a(s) shows

this as a recessive colour. As we proceed

remember the Yorkie is a B/T dog, but

since we are talking about achieving blue

colour vs black colour, for ease of writing

and understanding we will drop off the tan.

What creates the trademark steel blue in

the Yorkie is achieved only if they are carry-

ing the Graying gene. Now geneticists refer

to it as graying, but in our breed we call it

the achieved colour blue. This is the gene

that affects the blue colour on breeds that

are born one colour and turn blue later in

life. GG will give you a blue dog and Gg will

give you a blue dog, but is carrying the re-

cessive for non blueing and gg will give you

a black dog, as this is the non blueing gene.

Some confusion comes from people not

understanding how they get a black soft

coated dog from a breeding of two blue silk

dogs. If you are breeding together two dogs

that are both Gg then they are both carrying

the recessive gene for non blueing and if

the two gg genes for non blueing get to-

gether it will result in a black dog. When the

colour

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dog is Gg, the dog will be blue as the dominant gene

is G which is what causes the colour blue and will

exhibit that colour. When the dog is gg, the only

gene they have is the non blueing gene, so they also

can only exhibit that colour which will be the black

colour. Dogs that are born blue carry the dilute gene

of dd, which should also not be in the Yorkshire Ter-

rier breed, although that is what would cause the

Blue born puppies.

When you breed together two Gg dogs, your

chances of mostly blue dogs is very good. Since the

dogs in question are blue dogs as they are Gg, G

being the dominant and the dogs exhibit that colour,

but carrying the g which is a recessive they are able

to pass that recessive on to the resulting puppies

from the mating. The chances of the g sperm from

one dog getting with the g egg from the other are not

going to be really high but it will occur. Most times

the G of one will end up with the g of the other and

you still end up with a blue dog. Not to say that the

odds are not against you and you end up with a litter

of soft coated black puppies. We all know from

breeding dogs that nothing holds true 100%.

Many people breed their black Yorkies, because

they feel they have many benefits.

This is fine, but it is best to only breed one to a blue

dog. Keep in mind that the blue colour is dominant

here and the black recessive. A black dog can only

throw a recessive gene and if bred to another black

dog the resultant puppies will also be black.

Here is an example of a Brussels Griffon litter. The

breeder bred two rough coated Griffs together. She

knew the sire had a smooth parent which meant he

was carrying the recessive smooth gene. In 6 gen-

erations on the bitches pedigree there was no

smooth coat and therefore assumed she didn't carry

the smooth gene. When the pups were born there

were 2 smooths out of 3. So the bitch was carrying a

recessive that was passed along for at least 7 gen-

erations unseen and finally popped up under the

right circumstances. The same can be true of blue

silk dogs. You can breed along for many generations

assuming you have locked in the colour and texture,

until one day out pops a black soft coated puppy.

The recessives were there hiding within those two

parents and finally came together.

Recessive genes are wonderful if they're for the

quality you want. In two generations you can totally

lock something in your line (such as long hair). The

problem can be with dominants, you can breed for it,

but you almost always have to continue breeding for

it or those little recessives keep sneaking in there.

As mentioned with the Brussels Griffon story, they

can be passed along for many generations before

they actually appear or get the chance to appear.

The density of the shade of blue can be bred for, by

selecting dark steel blue whenever possible. This

does seem to be a quality that you can lock into with

fairly much regularity. As with all the other things in

breeding dogs though, when you expect something,

always be prepared for something else.

A responsible breeder will not intentionally breed for

undesirable traits. On very rare occasions, a

breeder will have a puppy born with a colour which

could be brown. These puppies should be spayed

or neutered and placed in a pet home. DNA testing

should be done to see who the carrier of the incor-

rect gene is and those dogs should not be use for

breeding again.

To assist responsible breeders KUSA in future will

include on all new printings of registrations for York-

shire Terriers, the colour as declared by the owner

not only for the dog in questions, but for its parents

and grand parents. We believe this may help the

situation in that people will be aware if a colour is not

one accepted by the breed standard.

A breeder should not sell or promote the dogs of

such deviations in colours as desirable, exotic or

rare.

Resources:

Cher Hildebrand

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yorkshire terrier breed standard GENERAL APPEARANCE

Long-coated, coat hanging quite straight and evenly down each side, a

parting extending from nose to end of tail. Very compact and neat,

carriage very upright conveying an important air. General outline

conveying impression of vigorous and well proportioned body.

CHARACTERISTICS

Alert, intelligent toy terrier.

EARS

Small, V-shaped, carried erect, not too

far apart, covered with short hair, colour

very deep, rich tan.

TEMPERAMENT

Spirited with even

disposition.

COLOUR

Dark steel blue (not silver

blue) , extending from occiput

to root of tail, never mingled

with fawn, bronze or dark

hairs. Hair on chest rich,

bright tan. All tan hair darker

at the roots than in middle,

shading to still lighter at tips.

MOUTH

Perfect, regular and complete

scissor bite i.e. upper teeth closely

overlapping lower teeth and set

square to the jaws. Teeth well

placed with even jaws

COAT

Hair on body moderately long,

perfectly straight (not wavy), glossy;

fine silky texture, not woolly. Fall on

head long, rich golden tan, deeper in

colour at sides of head, about ear

roots and on muzzle where it should

be very long. Tan on head not to

extend on to neck, nor must any sooty

or dark hair intermingle with any of

tan. SIZE

Weight up to 3.2 kgs (7 lbs).

FOREQUARTERS

Well laid shoulders, legs

straight, well covered with

hair of rich golden tan, a few

shades lighter at ends than

at roots, not extending

higher on forelegs than

elbow..

EYES

Medium, dark, sparking with sharp

intelligent expression and placed to look

directly forward. Not prominent. Edge of

eyelids dark.

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HEAD AND SKULL

Rather small and flat, not too prominent or round

in skull, nor too long in muzzle; black nose.

BODY

Compact with moderate spring of rib, good loin. Level back.

GAIT/MOVEMENT

Free with drive; straight action

front and behind, retaining level

topline.

NECK

Good reach.

FEET

Round; nails

black.

NOTE

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

FAULTS

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and

the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in

exact proportion to its degree and its effect on health & welfare of the dog.

TAIL

Customarily docked to

medium length with plenty

of hair, darker blue in

colour than rest of body,

especially at the end of

tail. Carried a little higher

than level of back.

HINDQUARTERS

Legs quite straight when

viewed from behind,

moderate turn of stifle. Well

covered with hair of rich

golden tan, a few shades

lighter at ends than at

roots, not extending higher

on hindlegs than stifles. Booth Photography

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PRA-prcd testing for yorkshire terriers in south africa

Inqaba Biotec was established in 2001 by South African, Swiss and American scientists. The

main service areas of this genetic laboratory are oligonucleotide synthesis and DNA sequencing.

Our clients include universities and other research institutions. Inqaba has since grown in leaps

and bounds and during 2009 expanded to provide animal genetic testing. Canine genetic disease

testing was the first area explored as there was no local service provider. One of the tests offered

is PRA-prcd, an eye disorder that occurs in Yorkshire terriers, amongst other breeds.

PRA-prcd is caused by a single base pair substitution in the PRCD gene on the canine chromo-

some 9 and the mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. This mutation alters the reading

frame of the gene and could ultimately lead to blindness. The test indicates the genetic profile of

the gene and classifies the dog as clear, carrier or affected for the causative mutation. A clear

dog carries no mutant copies of the gene, will not display the symptoms of the disease and will

not pass the mutant copy to its offspring. A carrier dog has one copy of the mutant gene and one

wild type copy. This dog will not display the symptoms of the disease but may pass the mutant

copy to its offspring. The third category is affected dogs and these dogs have a greater probability

to display the symptoms of the disease (although not all will go blind), and will pass the mutant

copy to its offspring.

Breeders should utilize results of the genetic test as a tool to improve their breeding lines. Pref-

erably all mating should be performed between two clear dogs. In the case that a dog is a carrier

or affected for the causative mutation but carries other desirable traits to be manifested in the

continued breeding line, different mating scenarios could be considered (refer to Table 1). For

example, a dog that carries the PRA-prcd mutation with other desirable traits could be mated to a

clear dog and each puppy will have a 50% chance to be clear and a 50% chance to be a carrier.

These puppies should then be tested and in return be mated to clear animals and thereby leading

to the subsequent eradication of the mutation from the lines. It must be stressed that a mating

between two carriers should be avoided at all cost, as affected puppies can be born from this

mating.

Table 1: Possible breeding scenarios

Parent 1 genotype

Parent 2 genotype

Normal Carrier Affected

Clear All Clear 50% Clear

50% Carrier

All carriers

Carrier 50% Clear

50% Carrier

25% Affected

25% Clear

50% Carrier

50% Affected

Affected All Carrier 50% Carrier

50% Affected

All Affected

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The price structure of the test is indicated in Table 2. When testing one or two dogs the price is R456 (incl Vat)

each, and we offer a 15% discount when testing 3 7 dogs, and 30% discount when testing 8 or more dogs.

We also offer a courier service that will collect any number of samples from anywhere in South Africa at a price

of R57 (incl Vat).

Table 2: Price structure of the PRA-cord1 test

Number of dogs tested Price for each dog (incl VAT)

1 or 2 R456

3 7 R388

8 or more R320

We offer two sampling methods. Firstly 1-2 ml whole blood can be collected by the owners veterinarian and

sent to us via courier. We can arrange the courier to collect the sample from the veterinarians practise. The

second method is the use of FTA filter papers. We send the owner the papers together with a needle and full

instructions via registered post. The owner can take the sample themselves. The dogs ear is pricked and one

or two drops of blood are blotted on the paper. The paper is then sent back to us via mail or courier. For more

information please contact Henritte van der Zwan

1 Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of DNA with defined chemical structure (sequence). The technique is extremely useful in laboratory practice as it provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of the desired sequence. (Ref: www.wikipedia.com)

2 DNA sequencing refers to sequencing methods for deter-mining the order of the nucleotide bases in a molecule of DNA. (Ref: www.wikipedia.com)

3 A mutation is the altering of the DNA sequence of a gene. The change in the sequence can be due to an insertion of nucleotides, deletion of nucleotides or single nucleotide substitutions.

4 A gene is the basic unit of heredity. Each animal has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Dif-ferent variants of a gene are called alleles. A gene is al-ways found on the exact same place on the same chromo-some, and that place is called a locus.

5 All DNA is packed into chromosomes. A dog has 39 chromosome pairs (one chromosome of each pair inher-ited from each parent). 38 pairs are autosomal or body chromosomes of which males and females have the same chromosomes. One pair is called sex-chromosomes of which males have one X and one Y chromosome and fe-males have two X chromosomes.

6 Autosomal recessive means only one gene is involved and males and females are affected equally.

7 The Wild type gene copy refers to the normal or healthy copy of the gene.

Inqaba b io tec

Henritte van der Zwaan

[email protected]

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Showing your own Yorkshire Terrier can bring great pleasure and satisfaction.

Whether in the regular classes, or perhaps even in the junior handling class (for the younger

members of the family), this is something you and your whole family can enjoy.

A Yorkshire Terrier with his coat in peak condition gorgeous ground length beard reflect-

ing a golden three shaded tan, and brilliant steel-blue coat, belongs without a doubt to the

most impressive stars at any dog show, anywhere in the world. It is little wonder that the

Yorkshire Terrier always attracts more than its share of the publics interest at any exposi-

tion.

About 10 years ago, it was decided in Germany that grooming (and all that went with it)

should no longer be done at shows, in full view of the public. Irrespective of the reasons for

this, or whether there was general agreement or disagreement, this is now a regulation.

Of course, there are always two sides to every coin.

While grooming in full view of other exhibitors and the public opens up criticism and fault

finding with the techniques used, the downside is that newcomers to the breed can no

longer learn by observing exhibitor-professionals, perhaps picking up some tips and tricks

for their own use. This is to the detriment of the newcomers, as they are then at a disad-

vantage. This leaves only one option: LEARNING BY TRYING AS YOU GO

Please note that this commentary is not meant to be a speech in defence of wrapping!

Remember, though, that top models, throughout their careers, undergo several extras to

attain and preserve their beauty. If this beauty treatment makes our small stars shine, then

wherein lies the problem? Wrapping is certainly not a hindrance to the Yorkie if anything,

a wrapped yorkie is able to enjoy his life with total freedom!

wrapping

The fol lowing basic items wil l help you to help yourself!

2 brushes (a real bristle brush & a brush with metal pins (rounded on top) for smooth combing through)

1 metal comb with a wider and a finer side.

1 very fine comb for the delicate hair round the muzzle (can be made from horn or metal)

oil for wrapping for example: mink oil plus a spray bottle that is able to finely spray the oil

wrapping paper - This paper must be free of acid and chlorine, and must be extremely soft. It can be purchased at the larger expositions and also special shops.

Latex bands for fixing the wraps in place.

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REMEMBER:

Every exhibitor has their own personal preferences, and every Yorkshire Terrier has

individual needs. No two are the same. Therefore there is no single all round recipe

HOWEVER:

Generally you should never put a dog in wraps unless he has been oiled.

Only after our future wraps-candidate has had a thorough bath and has been com-

pletely blow dried, can wrapping-oil be sprayed very lightly all over the coat. Do not

spray on the skin, and take extra care around the eyes, nose, mouth and ears.

Work the oil into the coat with the bristle brush. Once the oil has been evenly distrib-

uted, you can begin with the wraps. Start at the head. The dog should lie down during

this (which Yorkies mostly do).

.

Using the metal comb, divide the hair into sections. The partings should be exact, tak-

ing into account the anatomy of the dog, and the direction of the hair growth. Hold the

parted hair portion and place the hair in the middle section of the wrapping paper,

which will have been folded beforehand into three equal sections (diagram a). The two

outer parts of the paper are then folded inwards, in order to seal the hair in (diagram b

& c). The wrap is folded in half, so that the start and end meet (diagram d). Repeat this

until there is a square package. The package is then fixed into place with a special

band (diagram f).

TIP: It is a good idea to fold the wrapping pa-pers before you start to wrap the dog

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Start with 3 or 5 wraps. The head and tail are a

good place to start. Once your dog is totally com-

fortable in the wraps, you can begin to put the body

hair into wraps. The dog should stand upright while

the body wraps are done. Use the picture below to

determine the partitions of the wraps, once again

taking extreme care that the wraps do not interfere

with the natural movement of the dog, either at play

or at rest. When you are done, dont forget to give your

Yorkie an extra treat or reward for his pa-

tience! The wrappers must be removed and

replaced when dirty, damaged or out of place,

but completely new wraps should be done at

least once or twice a week. Once you have

mastered the art of wrapping a Yorkie coat,

the procedure should not take longer than

about 30 minutes. This is a small price to pay

to achieve the coat that dreams are made of!

The width of each package should be the

same as the width of the parted hair. Special

care must be taken when putting in the wraps

that the dog does not feel restricted in his

movement. (If the wraps restrict the movement

of the dog, his coat will break)

The only advice that we can offer to anybody

new to this procedure is to practise the first

few wrapping sessions under the watchful eye

of an experienced exhibitor. Remember, also

to allow your dog time to get used to this new

experience. This is achieved by introducing

the wraps step by step.

Text page &

pictures

by

Beate

Ackermann,

first 1999,

new 2003

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Yorkshire Terriers are exceptionally popular pets. To behold them in their full glory, their long coats need daily care and attention. Life for their owners can also be made so much easier if they use the right products. Wampum has a range of products especially de-veloped for Yorkie coats (long or short). Let me explain, in order, how a Yorkie coat should be cared for.

Rule Number 1: Never hurt a dog when grooming If you hurt a dog once, they will never lie still for you and it will make their groom-ing a taxing event for both you and the dog. Make the grooming like caressing so the dog starts to enjoy it and look for-ward to it.

Rule Number 2: A dog must be bathed at least once in 10 days Clean coat grows. In addition, a Yorkie coat must be brushed through daily. Before a bath, all mats must be removed from the coat as they will con-tract on contact with water and it will become even more difficult to remove them. To do this, we suggest saturating the knots with Wampum Silk Spray or Wampum Miracle Spray (Double strength), leaving this in for a minute, and then teasing the knots apart with a face comb. Always hold the knot firmly next to the skin when you work at it so as not to hurt the dog when you pull hairs. Once the knot has been teased sideways, use a pin brush or soft slicker brush, work AWAY from the skin of the dog, and in straight lines perpendicular to the skin, try to brush the knot out. Then repeat the process. Pull the knot apart parallel to the skin of the dog with the face comb, then take the pin brush or soft slicker and work in straight lines away from the skin of the dog.

Rule Number 3: A slicker brush

may never touch the skin of the dog. Work away from the skin, hold the hair on your fingers, work against your own hand and fingers. If you cannot do this, do not use a slicker brush.

THE BATH Before you start:

Take a Wam-

pum Dilution

Bottle and dilute

100ml of Wam-

pum Condition-

ing Shampoo

C o n c e n t r a t e

with 400ml of

luke-warm wa-

ter.

Take another

Wampum Dilu-

tion bottle and prepare a rinse of 25ml

Wampum Conditioning Rinse Concen-

trate into 500ml of warm water.

Step 1: Set diluted Shampoo and Conditioner down next to the bath. Place the dog on a secure rubber mat in the bath. Rinse through the coat with luke-warm wa-ter. Apply the diluted shampoo and work through the coat. Rinse very well until all shampoo residue has been rinsed from the coat. Apply the conditioning rinse by squirting it through the coat with the dilu-tion bottle. DO NOT RINSE THIS OUT! Wrap the dog in a dry towel and dry it out. Take a second dry towel, re-move the wet towel, wrap the dog in the new dry towel and move to the blow dryer.

Step 2:

Lie the dog down on your lap (or on the

taking care of a yorkie coat

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table in front of you, whatever you prefer). Open

the towel to the first section you want to dry. Keep

the rest of the dog wrapped in the dry towel to keep

it warm. Take a section of coat, mist it well with

Wampum Miracle Spray. Using a pin brush, blow

dry the coat in sections, brushing in the direction

you want the hair to lie. Once a section is com-

pletely dry, feel through it carefully with a large

comb. Continue until the dog is completely

dry. Stand the dog up on the table, on a secure

rubber mat, make the parting and brush through to

check the coat is dry everywhere. Now lie the dog

facing you, down on the table with its head on a

small pillow. Use the face comb to do the top knot

and secure it with a soft elastic band.

Now we check teeth and apply Wampum Antibacte-

rial mouth spray. Then check ears, nails and do a

little trimming if required.

If your Yorkie has a particularly difficult coat, you

can apply Wampum Silk Spray to the coat when dry-

ing (at the same time as applying the Miracle Spray

(Double Strength). It will make the coat slightly oily

but will prevent matting on woolly coats.

If you do this properly, you will not have any knots

before the next bath.

For daily face cleaning we use Wampum Self

Rinse Shampoo. Wet the whiskers under the eyes

carefully with a cotton wool ball soaked in Wam-

pum Self Rinse Shampoo. Wait a minute for any

hard bits to soften. Then use the face comb to re-

move them. Now comb and dry the whiskers, or let

them dry naturally.

Wampums recommended list of products: 1 x Wampum Conditioning Shampoo Concentrate 1 x Wampum Conditioning Rinse Concentrate 2 x Wampum Dilution Bottles 1 x Wampum Miracle Spray (Double Stength) 1 x Wampum Silk Spray (OPTIONAL) 1 x Wampum small or medium pin brush 1 x Wampum Face comb 1 x Wampum Greyhound comb 1 x Wampum Small soft slicker brush (OPTIONAL) 1 x Wampum Self Rinse Shampoo These products (and many others) can all be seen and ordered at www.wampum.co.za Happy grooming!

Heidi Rolfes

Director:

Wampum

Grooming

Products

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yorkshire terriers in

south africa

Yorkshire Terriers became the most

popular breed in South Africa for more

than 10 years. Unfortunately the

breeds popularity is causing indis-

criminate breeding. Many breeders

are only interested in the puppies they

are going to sell and not to improve

the breed and breed to the breed stan-

dards.

The Yorkshire Terrier Club of Gauteng

was formed in February 2011 by a

group of interested people in the York-

shire Terrier breed. The main objec-

tive to protect the breed and KUSA

approved breed standard; to promote

and encourage quality in the breed

and to educate the public, breeders,

judges and veterinarians. The York-

shire Terrier Club is the only Yorkshire

Club in South Africa that is affiliated to

KUSA.

Research covering the last 30 years

has shown that only two Yorkshire

Terriers that won Best in Show at an

All Breed champions show in South

Africa, Durrers Classical Masterpiece

and Rigair Marshal Gzada .

Before we introduce you to some of

the statistics of the current Yorkshire

Terrier in the show ring, we have to

mention the mentors and breeders

who have laid the foundations for the

current breeders and exhibitors.

Eric and Di Dunstan from Mount-

morris Kennels began to show in the

1960s. They imported from Yadnum,

Progresso and Johnstounburn Ken-

nels and were on of the leading ken-

nels in South Africa. Ch Typros Devil

May Care was a consistent winner. He

also went BIS in 1985 at the Pretoria Toy

Dog Breeders Club Show. Ch Progresso

Golden Sunset sired at least 9 champions.

Di Dunstan made up 21 Champions over

the years before retiring from the show

ring.

After having shown locally bred Yorkies in

the late '60's, a small kennel named Graelor

was founded by Lorraine Coleman during

the 70's and based on imports from Dee-

bees, Beechrise & Astolat lines, their prog-

eny becoming Champions. The most well

known import was SA CH Deebees Princess

Florinda. Later Graelor introduced the Ozmil-

ion line & combined with Deebees produced

more SA Champions.

Gwen Measham was a winner in the show

ring for many years with her dogs from

Streamglen and Dundry kennels.

Sandra Braude from Regent Kennels

was also another well-know name in the

1970s and 1980s. She imported from the

Ozmilion line.

Connie Suddaby from Pennylane Ken-

nels immigrated to South Africa in 1972

with her two Yorkies and a Bearded Collie.

Connie does not show anymore but she is

regularly ring stewarding at Championship

shows.

Stella Parks from Porchester Kennels first

imported David Stroud, Mastrouds kennels

and later imported dogs during the 80 from

Ronny Engelen (of Millmoor).

Liz Edmonds from Hlalala Kennels im-

ported Swedish Ch Footprints memory make

who quickly became a South African cham-

pion.

21

Johann Bosch and Dave Keytel were the owners

of the Vihoven Kennel. Johann was one of the best

handlers. He has done very well with Ch

Primnproper of Petituchien who was a grandson of

Ozmilion Hearts delight imported by Ellen Parkin

from Petituchien Kennels. Ch. Primnproper of Peti-

tunchien was the top Yorkshire Terrier in 1990, 1991

and 1992. Johann also imported from Ozmilion. In

1994 Johan campaigned Ozmilion My Flirtation with

Vihoven and missed being Top Toy that year by one

point.

The following are some of prestigious events where

yorkies have excelled:

The Dog of the Year: Ch Vihoven Might Max,

a son of the famous Ch Primnproper of Peti-

tunchien, bred by Johann Bosch was awarded

6th place in 1996 at this prestigious event.

KUSA National Yorkshire Terrier: The winners

of event in the past 11 years were:

2001 Durrers Copyright at Barker

2002 Brolea Creative Dream

2003 Jankeri Ambassaor of Yorkems

2004 Brolea Royal Ambition

2005 Hassendean Royal Addition of Brolea

2006 Brolead Royal Ambition

2007 Xamners Africandream

2008 Durrers Classical Masterpiece


2010 Naomy of Padawis with Brolea



Two yorkies had to honour be the KUSA

National Toy Dog. In 2008 it was awarded

to Durrers Classical Masterpiece and in

2010 to Naomy of Padawi with Brolea.

The winner of the Toy Group at the Supa 7s

in 2011 was Durrers Classical Masterpiece.

The following Yorkies also featured in the KUSA Showdog of the Year ratings:

2012

2011

2010

2009

Name Owner Points

Rigair Marshal Gzada Potgieter/Durrer/Rodionova 80

Naomy of Padawis with Brolea Brown 20

Name Owner Points

Durrers Classical Masterpiece Potgieter 37

Naomy of Padawis with Brolea Brown 24

Name Owner Points


Name Owner Points


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Durrers Classical Masterpiece was the Top Toy in the The Animaltalk

Top 100 rating in 2008. Here are the statistics for the Yorkshire Terriers

featured in the past 6 years:

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

Rank-ing

Name

6 Rigair Marshal Gzada


Rank-ing

Name



Rank-ing

Name


Rank-ing

Name


86 Durrers Vibrant

Rank-ing

Name


Rank-ing

Name


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The Showdogs Breed Leaderbaord is a rating system that recognises consistent achieve-

ment at breed level. The Yorkshire Terrier Leaderboard:

2011

2010

2009

The following kennels are currently actively involved in showing their Yorkshire Terriers:

Bellmoral Yorkies (Tyrone Goode)

Brolea Yorkshire Terriers (Pam Brown)

Celaeno Yorkies (Madeleine Anderson)

Countryblu Yorkshire Terriers (Carol Campbell)

DargentoYorkies (Francesca Dalla-Vecchia )

Demlyn Yorkshire Terriers (Cheryl Lynne Ellis)

Enrichetta Yorkshire Terriers (Ansa de Jager)

Janivie Yorkies (Janine Visser)

Maupe YorkshireTerriers (Pamela Pelser)

Treu Vision (Selina Vickerman-Prince)

Xamner Yorkshire Terriers (Rene Potgieter)

Yorkems Yorkshire Terriers (Louise Powell)

Name Owner Points

DURRER'S CLASSICAL MASTERPIECE POTGIETER 195

NAOMY OF PADAWI'S WITH BROLEA BROWN 174

RIGAIR MARSHAL GZADA POTGIETER 13

XAMNER CLASSICALSEQUEL POTGIETER 10

BROLEA MI HEART D'SIRE BROWN 9

Name Owner Points


NAOMY OF PADAWI'S WITH BROLEA DALLA-VECCHIA/BROWN 94

BROLEA HE'S KY-LASH BROWN 19

NICNAK'S EXCLUSIVE OF COUNTRY-BLU

CAMPBELL 18

BROLEA CASINO BLUEMOON BROWN 13

BROLEA DIVINE DESTINY BROWN 9

BROLEA MI HEART D'SIRE BROWN 4

XAMNER CLASSICALSEQUEL POTGIETER 2

Name Owner Points


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the shortlist:

Maureen

Judge:

Pat de Coning

Prize for the

winning

photograph

donated

By Wampum

Products

and the winner is .

Janine

Adele

Marius

Isabel

Ansa

Liam Liam

Janine

26

showcasing

the results of members during 2012

Countryblu Exclusive Jewel Owner: Carol Campbell

2 x CC (Goldfields KC & Roodepoort KC)

Countryblu Indigo Magic Owner: Carol Campbell

5 x CC (Jubilee Toy Dog Club, Northern Tshwane KC, East London KC, Port Rex KC, KUSA, ) 1 x RCC (Pretoria Toy Dog Breeders Club)

Countryblu Just a Jester Owner: Carol Campbell

1 x Best of Breed (Pretoria KC) 4 x CC (Vereeniging & Districts KC, Pretoria KC, Wit-watersrand KC, Eastern District KC)

1 x RCC (Transvaal Midlands KC)

Countryblu on the Cat-walk Owner: Carol Campbell

5 x CC (Pretoria KC, Queenstown KC, Grahamstown KC, Sasolburg KC, TKC KC) 8 x RCC (Transvaal Midlands KC, Northern Tshwane KC, East London KC, Port Rex KC, KUSA, KZN Junior KC, Northern Natal KC, Roodepoort KC, )

Enrichetta Ariel Atom of Janivie Owner: Janine Visser

2 x CC (George KC, Outeniqua KC) 3 x RCC (Breede Rivier KC, Western Province KC, Hotten-tots KC)

Enrichetta Good Luck Charm of Janivie Owner: Janine Visser

2 x CC (Breede Rivier Vallei KC, Western Province KC) 1 x RCC (Cape Town KC)

Enrichetta True Blue Love Owner: Ansa de Jager

4 x Best Puppy (Queenstown KC, Grahamstown KC, Breede Rivier Vallei KC, Victory Toy Dog Club)

5 x RCC (Queenstown KC, Grahamstown KC, Breede Rivier Vallei KC, Victory Toy Dog Club, Hottentots Holland KC)

Foolish Love V.H. Polan-erduin Owner: Ansa de Jager

3 x RCC (Kennel Association, Liesbeek KC, Outeniqua KC)

Georgy Girl de la PamPommeraie Owner: Ren Potgieter

2 x Best Puppy (Transvaal Midlands KC & Witwatersrand KC)

1 x CC (Transvaal Midlands KC) 2 x RCC (Walmer & Suburban KC, Port Elizabeth KC)

Heidi Orlando Island Onwner: Ansa de Jager

2 x Best Puppy (George KC, Outeniqua KC)

Maupa Lady Liz Owner: Pamela Pelser

2 x Best Puppy (Western Gauteng KC, KUSA ) 1 x RCC (Sasolburg KC)

Maupa Rango Owner: Pamela Pelser

4 x Best Puppy (Port Elizabeth KC, Junior KC, Natal Toy Dog Club, Durban & District KC) 5 x RCC (Durban & District, Natal Toy Dog Club, KUSA, Western Gauteng KC, Uitenhage KC

27

Nicnaks Drummer Boy Owner: Carol Campbell

7 x Winners Dog (3 x Seaway KC, 2 x Arnprior Canine Asso-ciation, 2 x Aurora & District KC, ) 4 x Best of Winners (Seaway KC, Arnprior Canine Associa-tion, 2 x Aurora & District KC) 5 x RCC (Goldfields KC, Roodepoort KC, Queenstown KC, Gra-hamstown KC, Sasolburg KC)

Rigair Marshal Gzada Owners: Rene Potgieter, Betty Anne Durrer, Ilonoa Rodionova)

2 x Best in Show (Witwatersrand KC and Queenstown KC) 1 x Reserve Best in Show (Grahamstown & District KC) 10 x Best in Group (Transvaal Midlands KC, Witwatersrand KC, Western Gauteng KC, East London KC, Port Rex KC, George KC, KZN Junior KC, Roodepoort KC, Queenstown KC, Grahamstown KC)

29 x Best of Breed (Kennel Association, Liesbeek KC, Ver-eeniging & Dist KC, Transvaal Midlands KC, Witwatersrand KC, Port Elizabeth KC, Walmer and Suburban KC, Toy Dog Breeders Association, Pretoria Toy Dog Breeders Club, Western Gauteng KC, East London KC, Port Rex KC, FCI Africa International Show, George KC, Outeniqua KC, Junior KC of Gauteng, Durban & Dis-trict KC, Pietermaritzburg KC, KwaZulu Junior KC, Zululand KC, Northern Natal KC, Roodepoort & District KC, Queenstown KC, Grahamstown & District KC, Sasolburg JC, TKC FCI International, TKC KC, Breede Rivier KC, Western Province KC)

5 x Reserve Best of Breed (Uitenhage KC, Highway KC, Na-tal Toy Dog Club, KUSA, SALKA)

2 x CACIB (FCI Africa International Show, TKC FCI Interna-tional)

Xamner Vibrant Banjo Owner: Rene Potgieter

1 x Reserve Best of Breed (Kennel Association) 2 x Best Puppy (Kennel Association, Liesbeek ) 2 x CC (Kennel Association, Liesbeek KC)

E &OE

28

The term liver shunts is an old term used

to refer to a variety of blood vessel abnor-

malities. These so called shunts are now

termed porto systemic vascular anomalies

(PSVA). The Yorkshire terriers have been

reported to be predisposed to PSVAs with

studies showing that they have a risk of

having a PSVA that is 35.9 times more

breeds put together.

SO WHAT IS A PSVA OR SHUNT?

Figure . Diagram illustrating single

shunt outside the liver. i.e. extra-

hepatic.

In the normal dog blood from the intestine

flows through the liver before entering the

general circulation. In the liver potential

toxins are removed, nutrients are taken up

for metabolic purposes such as production

of proteins, glucose and blood clotting fac-

tors. In an animal with a PSVA some of

the blood from the intestine bypasses the

liver (via the abnormal blood vessels) and

enters the systemic circulation via the por-

tal vein. As a result, multiple metabolic

derangements can occur. Different types

of shunts may be seen, varying from a sin-

gle large abnormal blood vessel connect-

ing the intestinal circulation with the sys-

temic circulation (the most common for in

the Yorkie), to multiple shunting blood

vessels either outside or inside the liver

tissue. Another form of shunting occurs at

a microscopic level in a condition known

as microvascular dysplasia (MVD). In

dogs with MVD the abnormal communica-

tions between intestinal and systemic

communication occurs at a microscopi-

cally. MVD may be present as an isolated

condition or may be present along with

other shunts.

EFFECTS OF A SHUNT

Probable the most devastating effects of a

shunt are those that occur in the brain-

what we refer to as hepatic encephalopa-

thy (HE).

Hepatic encephalopathy refers to a com-

plex neurophsychiatric syndrome that is

seen when liver function is compromised.

Neurotoxic compounds that are normally

filtered by the liver can have a dramatic

effect on the central nervous system as

well as other organs. Over 20 different

compounds have been found to be ele-

vated in patients with compromised liver

function. Of these ammonia is probably

the most important because increases in

ammonia levels trigger the events leading

up to hepatic encephalopathy in rats, hu-

mans and dogs. Other compounds of im-

portance include fatty acids and endoge-

nous benzodiazepams (similar to valium).

Other effects include chronic liver failure

and bladder stone development due the

precipitation of ammonia biurate crystals

in the urine (related to the high blood am-

monia levels).

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms most commonly begin before 1

to 2 years of age (although can onset as

late as 7 to 10 years).

The three organ systems most com-

monly affected are the central nervous

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Hereditary conditions of the Yorkshire Terrier

Liver shunt why the fuss?

29

system (CNS), intestinal tract and urinary system.

CNS signs include a wobbly gait, behavioural abnor-

malities, seizures, blindness and coma.

Gastro-intestinal signs such as vomiting, inappe-

tence and diarrhoea occur in about 30% of dogs.

Occasionally ascites (build up of fluid in the abdo-

men) may be seen. Up to 50% of dogs have signs

related to bladder stones (bloody urine, straining to

urinate or urinary tract obstruction.

PSVAs may occur with other hereditary defects

such as undescended testicles (cryptorchidism).

DIAGNOSIS

Blood tests to evaluate liver function as well as analy-

sis of urine samples often raise the suspicion of a

shunt. In our experience the presence of ammonia

biurate crystals in the urine and elevated serum bile

acids in the blood are often the most reliable indica-

tors that a shunt may be present.

Definitive diagnosis of a shunt requires diagnostic im-

aging. Several modalities may be used including ultra-

sound scans, specialised x-ray techniques and more

recently computed tomography (CT scan). Liver bi-

opsy may be needed to detect MVD.

TREATMENT

The ideal treatment for a shunt is surgical attenuation

of the abnormal vessel. This is most feasible in dogs

with large, single vessel shunts. Recent develop-

ments of surgical implants which slowly attenuate the

shunt over a period of time seem to significantly re-

duce complications. 70 to 90% of dogs with single ex-

tra hepatic shunts can be expected to have an excel-

lent outcome.

Figure : Ameroid Constrictor device placed

around shunting blood vessel.

Medical management of shunts is often used to sta-

bilise patients prior to surgery, or to treat patients

where surgery is decline or not possible (e.g. MVD).

Medications such as oral antacids, lactulose and

metranidazole can significantly reduce symptoms in

dogs with shunts.

While surgical attenuation is undoubtedly the first

choice, some dogs do achieve long term survival

with good quality of life on medicines alone.

Thoughts around breeding

Recent research has shown that it is quite likely that

many dogs with milder defects, and thus few, if any

symptoms do exist. Therefore, while no universally

accepted recommendations exist, a screening pro-

gram to identify these dogs and remove them from

the breeding pool could hold tremendous potential

for reducing the incidence of these diseases.

Screening tests such as serum bile acids (a routine

blood test) represent a simple way of potentially

identifying such dogs. Prof. Sharon Center and her

colleagues at Cornell University are currently inves-

tigating the possibility of identifying genetic markers

for these illnesses. If they succeed we could poten-

tially identify carriers of the abnormal genes by ana-

lysing the DNA of a potential breeding dog, thus al-

lowing for better genetic selection of our breeding

dog population.

Dr Tim

Hepplestone

BVSc (Hons).

31

how to photograph a new puppy

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1. Remove film from box and load camera.

2. Remove film box from puppys mouth and throw in trash.

3. Remove puppy from trash and brush coffee grounds from muzzle.

4. Choose a suitable background for photo.

5. Mount camera on tripod and focus.

6. Find puppy and take dirty sock from

mouth.

7. Place puppy in pre-focused spot and re-

turn to camera.

8. Forget about spot and crawl after puppy on

knees.

9. Focus with one hand and fend off puppy with

other hand.

10.Get tissue and clean nose print from lens

11.Take flash cube from puppys mouth and

throw in trash.

12.Put cat outside and put peroxide on the

scratch on puppys nose

13.Put magazines back on coffee table.

14.Try to get puppys attention by squeaking toy

over your head.

15.Replace your glasses and check camera for

damage.

16.Jump up in time to grab puppy by scruff of neck and say, No, out-

side! No, outside

17.Clean up mess.

18.Fix a drink.

19.Sit back in Lazy boy with drink and resolve

to teach puppy sit and stay the first thing

in the morning!

Liam

Documents

Yorkie Wagging Tales