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UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND York Street Interchange Stage 1 Road Safety Audit May 2014 47037827/DOC/RSA/01 Prepared for: DRD Roads Service

York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

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Page 1: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

UNITED KINGDOM amp IRELAND

York Street Interchange

Stage 1 Road Safety Audit

May 2014

47037827DOCRSA01

Prepared for

DRD Roads Service

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

REVISION SCHEDULE

Rev Date Details Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

0 4 April 2014 Draft for review by Roads Service

Becky Jackson

Senior Engineer

Richard Kilner

Principal Engineer

Tony Buckley

Technical Director

1 30 Apr 2014 Updated draft following Roads Service comments

Becky Jackson

Senior Engineer

Richard Kilner

Principal Engineer

Tony Buckley

Technical Director

2 7 May 2014 Final Issue Becky Jackson

Senior Engineer

Richard Kilner

Principal Engineer

Tony Buckley

Technical Director

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Ltd Earl Grey House 75 ndash 85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 6EF United Kingdom

Tel +44 (0) 191 230 7600 Fax +44 (0) 191 230 7601

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

1

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Limitations

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited (ldquoURSrdquo) has prepared this Report for the sole use of Roads Service NI (ldquoClientrdquo) in accordance with the Agreement under which our services were performed No other warranty expressed or implied is made as to the professional advice included in this Report or any other services provided by URS This Report is confidential and may not be disclosed by the Client nor relied upon by any other party without the prior and express written agreement of URS

The conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others and upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate Information obtained by URS has not been independently verified by URS unless otherwise stated in the Report

The methodology adopted and the sources of information used by URS in providing its services are outlined in this Report The work described in this Report was undertaken between January 2014 and May 2014 and is based on the conditions encountered and the information available during the said period of time The scope of this Report and the services are accordingly factually limited by these circumstances

Where assessments of works or costs identified in this Report are made such assessments are based upon the information available at the time and where appropriate are subject to further investigations or information which may become available

URS disclaim any undertaking or obligation to advise any person of any change in any matter affecting the Report which may come or be brought to URSrsquo attention after the date of the Report

Certain statements made in the Report that are not historical facts may constitute estimates projections or other forward-looking statements and even though they are based on reasonable assumptions as of the date of the Report such forward-looking statements by their nature involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results predicted URS specifically does not guarantee or warrant any estimate or projections contained in this Report

Unless otherwise stated in this Report the assessments made assume that the sites and facilities will continue to be used for their current purpose without significant changes

Where field investigations are carried out these have been restricted to a level of detail required to meet the stated objectives of the services The results of any measurements taken may vary spatially or with time and further confirmatory measurements should be made after any significant delay in issuing this Report

Copyright

copy This Report is the copyright of URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Any unauthorised reproduction or usage by any person other than the addressee is strictly prohibited

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6

11 Audit Team Details 6

12 Audit Procedures 6

13 Received Information 6

131 Audit Brief 6

132 Accident Information 7

133 Traffic Flow Information 7

134 Departures from Standard 7

14 Site Inspection 8

2 SCHEME DETAILS 9 3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE 10

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink 10

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink 10

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink 11

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G 11

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G 12

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B 12

37 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C 13

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK 14

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A 14

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE 15

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3 15

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES 16

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus 16

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA 17

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street 17

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street18

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists 18

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

3

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street 19

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street 19

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south) 19

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS 21

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street 21

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists 21

83 Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street 22

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street23

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1 23

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1 24

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1 24

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street 24

89 Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2 25

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2 26

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2 26

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2 27

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2 27

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 228

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3 28

816 Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street 29

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS 30

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I 30

92 Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions 31

93 Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction 32

94 Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction 33

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

4

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

95 Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street 34

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction 35

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street 35

98 Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction 36

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge 37

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction 37

10 AUDIT TEAM STATEMENT 38

101 Declaration by Audit Team Leader 38

1011 Audit Team Leader 38

1012 Audit Team Members 38

1013 Others Involved 39

11 PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN 40

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

5

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1 INTRODUCTION

URS was commissioned by Roads Service NI to arrange for a Stage 1 Road Safety Audit of the York Street Interchange scheme

11 Audit Team Details

The Audit was undertaken on site and at the Newcastle office of URS by Richard Kilner Rebecca Jackson and Maamle Okutu They had no involvement in the design of the scheme

Richard Kilner BEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Leader Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 13611

Rebecca Jackson MEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Member

Maamle Okutu BSc MSc MCIHT ndash Audit Team Member

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA) acted as a Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

12 Audit Procedures

The audit was undertaken in accordance with the Highways Agencyrsquos Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) document HD1903 lsquoRoad Safety Auditrsquo

The scheme has been examined and this report compiled only with regard to the safety implications to road users of the scheme as presented It has not been examined or verified for compliance with any other standards or criteria However to clearly explain a safety problem or the recommendation to resolve a problem the Audit Team may on occasion have referred to a design standard without touching on technical audit

Unless general to the scheme each problem has been identified with reference to key features

It is acknowledged that the detailed design has not yet been undertaken for example on signing and road markings Nevertheless much detailed work has been illustrated given the nature of the scheme As auditors we have identified a number of detailed matters at this stage and these have been raised as lsquoProblemsrsquo with a view to aiding their development during the following detailed design stage Also some matters raised as problems in this audit whilst appearing to be matters that have not yet been subject to detailed design could well lead to changes in concept of parts of the scheme

13 Received Information

131 Audit Brief

A formal audit brief was provided to the Audit Team document reference 47037827S105296 Rev1 dated 24th January 2014

The following drawings were provided for the audit Drawing Nos

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE001 RevA ndash General Arrangement

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE002 RevA ndash General Arrangement (shaded areas)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD001 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-1 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 1 of 2)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-2 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 2 of 2)

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

6

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

7

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

8

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

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pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

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8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

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84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

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May 2014

24

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35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

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810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

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814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

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Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

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Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

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Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

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Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

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96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

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May 2014

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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30 A

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61 LOCAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 2: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

REVISION SCHEDULE

Rev Date Details Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

0 4 April 2014 Draft for review by Roads Service

Becky Jackson

Senior Engineer

Richard Kilner

Principal Engineer

Tony Buckley

Technical Director

1 30 Apr 2014 Updated draft following Roads Service comments

Becky Jackson

Senior Engineer

Richard Kilner

Principal Engineer

Tony Buckley

Technical Director

2 7 May 2014 Final Issue Becky Jackson

Senior Engineer

Richard Kilner

Principal Engineer

Tony Buckley

Technical Director

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Ltd Earl Grey House 75 ndash 85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 6EF United Kingdom

Tel +44 (0) 191 230 7600 Fax +44 (0) 191 230 7601

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

1

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Limitations

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited (ldquoURSrdquo) has prepared this Report for the sole use of Roads Service NI (ldquoClientrdquo) in accordance with the Agreement under which our services were performed No other warranty expressed or implied is made as to the professional advice included in this Report or any other services provided by URS This Report is confidential and may not be disclosed by the Client nor relied upon by any other party without the prior and express written agreement of URS

The conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others and upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate Information obtained by URS has not been independently verified by URS unless otherwise stated in the Report

The methodology adopted and the sources of information used by URS in providing its services are outlined in this Report The work described in this Report was undertaken between January 2014 and May 2014 and is based on the conditions encountered and the information available during the said period of time The scope of this Report and the services are accordingly factually limited by these circumstances

Where assessments of works or costs identified in this Report are made such assessments are based upon the information available at the time and where appropriate are subject to further investigations or information which may become available

URS disclaim any undertaking or obligation to advise any person of any change in any matter affecting the Report which may come or be brought to URSrsquo attention after the date of the Report

Certain statements made in the Report that are not historical facts may constitute estimates projections or other forward-looking statements and even though they are based on reasonable assumptions as of the date of the Report such forward-looking statements by their nature involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results predicted URS specifically does not guarantee or warrant any estimate or projections contained in this Report

Unless otherwise stated in this Report the assessments made assume that the sites and facilities will continue to be used for their current purpose without significant changes

Where field investigations are carried out these have been restricted to a level of detail required to meet the stated objectives of the services The results of any measurements taken may vary spatially or with time and further confirmatory measurements should be made after any significant delay in issuing this Report

Copyright

copy This Report is the copyright of URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Any unauthorised reproduction or usage by any person other than the addressee is strictly prohibited

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6

11 Audit Team Details 6

12 Audit Procedures 6

13 Received Information 6

131 Audit Brief 6

132 Accident Information 7

133 Traffic Flow Information 7

134 Departures from Standard 7

14 Site Inspection 8

2 SCHEME DETAILS 9 3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE 10

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink 10

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink 10

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink 11

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G 11

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G 12

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B 12

37 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C 13

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK 14

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A 14

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE 15

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3 15

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES 16

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus 16

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA 17

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street 17

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street18

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists 18

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

3

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street 19

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street 19

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south) 19

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS 21

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street 21

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists 21

83 Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street 22

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street23

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1 23

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1 24

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1 24

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street 24

89 Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2 25

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2 26

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2 26

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2 27

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2 27

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 228

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3 28

816 Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street 29

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS 30

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I 30

92 Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions 31

93 Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction 32

94 Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction 33

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

95 Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street 34

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction 35

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street 35

98 Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction 36

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge 37

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction 37

10 AUDIT TEAM STATEMENT 38

101 Declaration by Audit Team Leader 38

1011 Audit Team Leader 38

1012 Audit Team Members 38

1013 Others Involved 39

11 PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN 40

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1 INTRODUCTION

URS was commissioned by Roads Service NI to arrange for a Stage 1 Road Safety Audit of the York Street Interchange scheme

11 Audit Team Details

The Audit was undertaken on site and at the Newcastle office of URS by Richard Kilner Rebecca Jackson and Maamle Okutu They had no involvement in the design of the scheme

Richard Kilner BEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Leader Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 13611

Rebecca Jackson MEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Member

Maamle Okutu BSc MSc MCIHT ndash Audit Team Member

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA) acted as a Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

12 Audit Procedures

The audit was undertaken in accordance with the Highways Agencyrsquos Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) document HD1903 lsquoRoad Safety Auditrsquo

The scheme has been examined and this report compiled only with regard to the safety implications to road users of the scheme as presented It has not been examined or verified for compliance with any other standards or criteria However to clearly explain a safety problem or the recommendation to resolve a problem the Audit Team may on occasion have referred to a design standard without touching on technical audit

Unless general to the scheme each problem has been identified with reference to key features

It is acknowledged that the detailed design has not yet been undertaken for example on signing and road markings Nevertheless much detailed work has been illustrated given the nature of the scheme As auditors we have identified a number of detailed matters at this stage and these have been raised as lsquoProblemsrsquo with a view to aiding their development during the following detailed design stage Also some matters raised as problems in this audit whilst appearing to be matters that have not yet been subject to detailed design could well lead to changes in concept of parts of the scheme

13 Received Information

131 Audit Brief

A formal audit brief was provided to the Audit Team document reference 47037827S105296 Rev1 dated 24th January 2014

The following drawings were provided for the audit Drawing Nos

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE001 RevA ndash General Arrangement

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE002 RevA ndash General Arrangement (shaded areas)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD001 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-1 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 1 of 2)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-2 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 2 of 2)

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 3: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Limitations

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited (ldquoURSrdquo) has prepared this Report for the sole use of Roads Service NI (ldquoClientrdquo) in accordance with the Agreement under which our services were performed No other warranty expressed or implied is made as to the professional advice included in this Report or any other services provided by URS This Report is confidential and may not be disclosed by the Client nor relied upon by any other party without the prior and express written agreement of URS

The conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others and upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate Information obtained by URS has not been independently verified by URS unless otherwise stated in the Report

The methodology adopted and the sources of information used by URS in providing its services are outlined in this Report The work described in this Report was undertaken between January 2014 and May 2014 and is based on the conditions encountered and the information available during the said period of time The scope of this Report and the services are accordingly factually limited by these circumstances

Where assessments of works or costs identified in this Report are made such assessments are based upon the information available at the time and where appropriate are subject to further investigations or information which may become available

URS disclaim any undertaking or obligation to advise any person of any change in any matter affecting the Report which may come or be brought to URSrsquo attention after the date of the Report

Certain statements made in the Report that are not historical facts may constitute estimates projections or other forward-looking statements and even though they are based on reasonable assumptions as of the date of the Report such forward-looking statements by their nature involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results predicted URS specifically does not guarantee or warrant any estimate or projections contained in this Report

Unless otherwise stated in this Report the assessments made assume that the sites and facilities will continue to be used for their current purpose without significant changes

Where field investigations are carried out these have been restricted to a level of detail required to meet the stated objectives of the services The results of any measurements taken may vary spatially or with time and further confirmatory measurements should be made after any significant delay in issuing this Report

Copyright

copy This Report is the copyright of URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Any unauthorised reproduction or usage by any person other than the addressee is strictly prohibited

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6

11 Audit Team Details 6

12 Audit Procedures 6

13 Received Information 6

131 Audit Brief 6

132 Accident Information 7

133 Traffic Flow Information 7

134 Departures from Standard 7

14 Site Inspection 8

2 SCHEME DETAILS 9 3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE 10

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink 10

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink 10

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink 11

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G 11

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G 12

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B 12

37 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C 13

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK 14

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A 14

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE 15

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3 15

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES 16

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus 16

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA 17

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street 17

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street18

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists 18

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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3

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street 19

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street 19

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south) 19

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS 21

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street 21

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists 21

83 Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street 22

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street23

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1 23

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1 24

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1 24

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street 24

89 Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2 25

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2 26

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2 26

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2 27

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2 27

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 228

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3 28

816 Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street 29

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS 30

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I 30

92 Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions 31

93 Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction 32

94 Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction 33

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4

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

95 Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street 34

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction 35

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street 35

98 Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction 36

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge 37

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction 37

10 AUDIT TEAM STATEMENT 38

101 Declaration by Audit Team Leader 38

1011 Audit Team Leader 38

1012 Audit Team Members 38

1013 Others Involved 39

11 PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN 40

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

5

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1 INTRODUCTION

URS was commissioned by Roads Service NI to arrange for a Stage 1 Road Safety Audit of the York Street Interchange scheme

11 Audit Team Details

The Audit was undertaken on site and at the Newcastle office of URS by Richard Kilner Rebecca Jackson and Maamle Okutu They had no involvement in the design of the scheme

Richard Kilner BEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Leader Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 13611

Rebecca Jackson MEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Member

Maamle Okutu BSc MSc MCIHT ndash Audit Team Member

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA) acted as a Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

12 Audit Procedures

The audit was undertaken in accordance with the Highways Agencyrsquos Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) document HD1903 lsquoRoad Safety Auditrsquo

The scheme has been examined and this report compiled only with regard to the safety implications to road users of the scheme as presented It has not been examined or verified for compliance with any other standards or criteria However to clearly explain a safety problem or the recommendation to resolve a problem the Audit Team may on occasion have referred to a design standard without touching on technical audit

Unless general to the scheme each problem has been identified with reference to key features

It is acknowledged that the detailed design has not yet been undertaken for example on signing and road markings Nevertheless much detailed work has been illustrated given the nature of the scheme As auditors we have identified a number of detailed matters at this stage and these have been raised as lsquoProblemsrsquo with a view to aiding their development during the following detailed design stage Also some matters raised as problems in this audit whilst appearing to be matters that have not yet been subject to detailed design could well lead to changes in concept of parts of the scheme

13 Received Information

131 Audit Brief

A formal audit brief was provided to the Audit Team document reference 47037827S105296 Rev1 dated 24th January 2014

The following drawings were provided for the audit Drawing Nos

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE001 RevA ndash General Arrangement

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE002 RevA ndash General Arrangement (shaded areas)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD001 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-1 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 1 of 2)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-2 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 2 of 2)

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

6

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

7

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

8

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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39

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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71 72

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82

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61 LOCAL

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 4: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6

11 Audit Team Details 6

12 Audit Procedures 6

13 Received Information 6

131 Audit Brief 6

132 Accident Information 7

133 Traffic Flow Information 7

134 Departures from Standard 7

14 Site Inspection 8

2 SCHEME DETAILS 9 3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE 10

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink 10

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink 10

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink 11

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G 11

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G 12

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B 12

37 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C 13

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK 14

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A 14

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE 15

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3 15

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES 16

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus 16

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA 17

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street 17

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street18

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists 18

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street 19

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street 19

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south) 19

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS 21

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street 21

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists 21

83 Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street 22

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street23

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1 23

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1 24

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1 24

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street 24

89 Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2 25

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2 26

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2 26

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2 27

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2 27

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 228

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3 28

816 Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street 29

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS 30

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I 30

92 Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions 31

93 Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction 32

94 Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction 33

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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4

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

95 Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street 34

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction 35

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street 35

98 Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction 36

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge 37

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction 37

10 AUDIT TEAM STATEMENT 38

101 Declaration by Audit Team Leader 38

1011 Audit Team Leader 38

1012 Audit Team Members 38

1013 Others Involved 39

11 PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN 40

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

5

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1 INTRODUCTION

URS was commissioned by Roads Service NI to arrange for a Stage 1 Road Safety Audit of the York Street Interchange scheme

11 Audit Team Details

The Audit was undertaken on site and at the Newcastle office of URS by Richard Kilner Rebecca Jackson and Maamle Okutu They had no involvement in the design of the scheme

Richard Kilner BEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Leader Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 13611

Rebecca Jackson MEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Member

Maamle Okutu BSc MSc MCIHT ndash Audit Team Member

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA) acted as a Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

12 Audit Procedures

The audit was undertaken in accordance with the Highways Agencyrsquos Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) document HD1903 lsquoRoad Safety Auditrsquo

The scheme has been examined and this report compiled only with regard to the safety implications to road users of the scheme as presented It has not been examined or verified for compliance with any other standards or criteria However to clearly explain a safety problem or the recommendation to resolve a problem the Audit Team may on occasion have referred to a design standard without touching on technical audit

Unless general to the scheme each problem has been identified with reference to key features

It is acknowledged that the detailed design has not yet been undertaken for example on signing and road markings Nevertheless much detailed work has been illustrated given the nature of the scheme As auditors we have identified a number of detailed matters at this stage and these have been raised as lsquoProblemsrsquo with a view to aiding their development during the following detailed design stage Also some matters raised as problems in this audit whilst appearing to be matters that have not yet been subject to detailed design could well lead to changes in concept of parts of the scheme

13 Received Information

131 Audit Brief

A formal audit brief was provided to the Audit Team document reference 47037827S105296 Rev1 dated 24th January 2014

The following drawings were provided for the audit Drawing Nos

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE001 RevA ndash General Arrangement

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE002 RevA ndash General Arrangement (shaded areas)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD001 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-1 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 1 of 2)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-2 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 2 of 2)

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

6

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

7

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

8

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 5: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street 19

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street 19

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south) 19

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS 21

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street 21

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists 21

83 Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street 22

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street23

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1 23

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1 24

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1 24

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street 24

89 Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2 25

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2 26

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2 26

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2 27

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2 27

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 228

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3 28

816 Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street 29

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS 30

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I 30

92 Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions 31

93 Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction 32

94 Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction 33

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May 2014

4

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

95 Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street 34

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction 35

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street 35

98 Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction 36

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge 37

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction 37

10 AUDIT TEAM STATEMENT 38

101 Declaration by Audit Team Leader 38

1011 Audit Team Leader 38

1012 Audit Team Members 38

1013 Others Involved 39

11 PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN 40

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

5

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1 INTRODUCTION

URS was commissioned by Roads Service NI to arrange for a Stage 1 Road Safety Audit of the York Street Interchange scheme

11 Audit Team Details

The Audit was undertaken on site and at the Newcastle office of URS by Richard Kilner Rebecca Jackson and Maamle Okutu They had no involvement in the design of the scheme

Richard Kilner BEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Leader Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 13611

Rebecca Jackson MEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Member

Maamle Okutu BSc MSc MCIHT ndash Audit Team Member

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA) acted as a Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

12 Audit Procedures

The audit was undertaken in accordance with the Highways Agencyrsquos Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) document HD1903 lsquoRoad Safety Auditrsquo

The scheme has been examined and this report compiled only with regard to the safety implications to road users of the scheme as presented It has not been examined or verified for compliance with any other standards or criteria However to clearly explain a safety problem or the recommendation to resolve a problem the Audit Team may on occasion have referred to a design standard without touching on technical audit

Unless general to the scheme each problem has been identified with reference to key features

It is acknowledged that the detailed design has not yet been undertaken for example on signing and road markings Nevertheless much detailed work has been illustrated given the nature of the scheme As auditors we have identified a number of detailed matters at this stage and these have been raised as lsquoProblemsrsquo with a view to aiding their development during the following detailed design stage Also some matters raised as problems in this audit whilst appearing to be matters that have not yet been subject to detailed design could well lead to changes in concept of parts of the scheme

13 Received Information

131 Audit Brief

A formal audit brief was provided to the Audit Team document reference 47037827S105296 Rev1 dated 24th January 2014

The following drawings were provided for the audit Drawing Nos

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE001 RevA ndash General Arrangement

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE002 RevA ndash General Arrangement (shaded areas)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD001 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-1 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 1 of 2)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-2 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 2 of 2)

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

6

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

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Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

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SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

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3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

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There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

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It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

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May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

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May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

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pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

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May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

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May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

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May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 6: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

95 Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street 34

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction 35

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street 35

98 Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction 36

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge 37

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction 37

10 AUDIT TEAM STATEMENT 38

101 Declaration by Audit Team Leader 38

1011 Audit Team Leader 38

1012 Audit Team Members 38

1013 Others Involved 39

11 PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN 40

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

5

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1 INTRODUCTION

URS was commissioned by Roads Service NI to arrange for a Stage 1 Road Safety Audit of the York Street Interchange scheme

11 Audit Team Details

The Audit was undertaken on site and at the Newcastle office of URS by Richard Kilner Rebecca Jackson and Maamle Okutu They had no involvement in the design of the scheme

Richard Kilner BEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Leader Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 13611

Rebecca Jackson MEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Member

Maamle Okutu BSc MSc MCIHT ndash Audit Team Member

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA) acted as a Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

12 Audit Procedures

The audit was undertaken in accordance with the Highways Agencyrsquos Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) document HD1903 lsquoRoad Safety Auditrsquo

The scheme has been examined and this report compiled only with regard to the safety implications to road users of the scheme as presented It has not been examined or verified for compliance with any other standards or criteria However to clearly explain a safety problem or the recommendation to resolve a problem the Audit Team may on occasion have referred to a design standard without touching on technical audit

Unless general to the scheme each problem has been identified with reference to key features

It is acknowledged that the detailed design has not yet been undertaken for example on signing and road markings Nevertheless much detailed work has been illustrated given the nature of the scheme As auditors we have identified a number of detailed matters at this stage and these have been raised as lsquoProblemsrsquo with a view to aiding their development during the following detailed design stage Also some matters raised as problems in this audit whilst appearing to be matters that have not yet been subject to detailed design could well lead to changes in concept of parts of the scheme

13 Received Information

131 Audit Brief

A formal audit brief was provided to the Audit Team document reference 47037827S105296 Rev1 dated 24th January 2014

The following drawings were provided for the audit Drawing Nos

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE001 RevA ndash General Arrangement

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE002 RevA ndash General Arrangement (shaded areas)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD001 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-1 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 1 of 2)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-2 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 2 of 2)

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

6

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

7

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

8

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 7: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1 INTRODUCTION

URS was commissioned by Roads Service NI to arrange for a Stage 1 Road Safety Audit of the York Street Interchange scheme

11 Audit Team Details

The Audit was undertaken on site and at the Newcastle office of URS by Richard Kilner Rebecca Jackson and Maamle Okutu They had no involvement in the design of the scheme

Richard Kilner BEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Leader Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 13611

Rebecca Jackson MEng CEng MICE ndash Audit Team Member

Maamle Okutu BSc MSc MCIHT ndash Audit Team Member

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA) acted as a Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

12 Audit Procedures

The audit was undertaken in accordance with the Highways Agencyrsquos Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) document HD1903 lsquoRoad Safety Auditrsquo

The scheme has been examined and this report compiled only with regard to the safety implications to road users of the scheme as presented It has not been examined or verified for compliance with any other standards or criteria However to clearly explain a safety problem or the recommendation to resolve a problem the Audit Team may on occasion have referred to a design standard without touching on technical audit

Unless general to the scheme each problem has been identified with reference to key features

It is acknowledged that the detailed design has not yet been undertaken for example on signing and road markings Nevertheless much detailed work has been illustrated given the nature of the scheme As auditors we have identified a number of detailed matters at this stage and these have been raised as lsquoProblemsrsquo with a view to aiding their development during the following detailed design stage Also some matters raised as problems in this audit whilst appearing to be matters that have not yet been subject to detailed design could well lead to changes in concept of parts of the scheme

13 Received Information

131 Audit Brief

A formal audit brief was provided to the Audit Team document reference 47037827S105296 Rev1 dated 24th January 2014

The following drawings were provided for the audit Drawing Nos

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE001 RevA ndash General Arrangement

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GE002 RevA ndash General Arrangement (shaded areas)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD001 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-1 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 1 of 2)

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD002-2 ndash Plan and Profile M2 to Westlink (sheet 2 of 2)

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May 2014

6

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

7

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

8

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

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May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

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RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 8: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD003 ndash Plan and Profile Westlink to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD004 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD005 ndash Plan and Profile York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD006 ndash Plan and Profile York Street to M2

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD007 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD008 ndash Plan and Profile Duncrue Street to Westlink

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD009 ndash Plan and Profile Dock Street to M3

YSI-URS-XX-XX-DR-RE-GD010 ndash Plan and Profile M3 to York Street

47037827001 Traffic Signals J1 Proposed Layout

47037827002 Traffic Signals J2 Proposed Layout

47037827003 Traffic Signals J3 Proposed Layout

47037827004 Traffic Signals Dock Street Junction Proposed Layout

132 Accident Information

Accident Information was provided to the Audit Team on a number on drawings as follows

S105296-R-SK-G-195 Accident Data Area

Accident Data April 2010 - March 2011

Accident Data April 2011 - March 2012

Accident Data April 2012 - March 2013

133 Traffic Flow Information

Traffic flow information was provided to the Audit Team on the following drawing

COBA Do-Something Network Option C ndash 2020 24-Hour Traffic Flows

There are some minor differences on the scheme now being audited from the scheme on which the traffic predictions were based as follows

York Street is now 2 x 2-lane northbound with a southbound bus lane there are no other southbound flows

The link from Corporation Street to the link M2 to Westlink is now replaced by the link from Duncrue Street to Westlink

The link from M3 to Great Georgersquos Street (and York Street) now includes a left-turn into Nelson Street

As the given flows are 24hr AADT flows for the purposes of broadly understanding the peak hour conditions the Audit Team took peak hour flows as 10 of AADT flows

134 Departures from Standard

Details of Departures from Standard were provided to the Audit Team in Section 3 of the Audit Brief

Decisions had not been made on the approval of departures but for the purposes of this audit the Audit Team regarded the departures as approved but where they considered that there was a particular issue that should be reported

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

7

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

8

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

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C

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F

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 9: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

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Site Inspection

The Audit Team visited the site on Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th February 2014

At the time of the site visit the weather was dry but the road surface was wet Photographs were taken and notes were written in order to document impressions of the scheme prior to the writing of this report

Traffic conditions were observed throughout the days with congested conditions at morning and evening peaks and relatively free-flowing at other times There were significant pedestrian numbers around the York Street area and a small number of cyclists were observed on the local roads

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May 2014

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SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

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May 2014

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There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

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0700

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03 D

RAW

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PRO

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LOCA

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PLA

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

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C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 10: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

2

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

SCHEME DETAILS

The proposed scheme is to provide full grade separation of movements between the M2 the M3 and the Westlink Motorways immediately north of Belfast city centre The M2 has a rural motorway standard with a speed limit of 70mph and the M3 and Westlink are regarded as urban motorways with a 50mph speed limit

The scheme provides new link roads as illustrated on drawings GD001 to GD010 inclusive York Street continues to provide an exit from the town centre for northbound traffic junctions and an entry to the M2 northbound Corporation Street continues to provide the southbound entrance to the town centre from the M2 Dock Street continues to provide an east-west route within the northern part of the intersection

There are numerous new structures required on the new link roads as illustrated on the drawings The new link roads also weave between the supports of the existing Dargan (railway) Bridge and the M3 Motorway Lagan Bridge

The road cross section varies between the link roads

The design speed of the motorways is in accordance with the existing speed limits (M2 120kph M3 and Westlink 85kph) The link new roads are largely designed to 70kph (subject to departures from standard) and works on the existing local roads are designed to 60kph

A bus-only lane is proposed in a southbound direction on York Street from the M2 slip road to Great Patrick Street Another bus-only lane is proposed on Nelson Street from Duncrue Street to Dock Street Both bus lanes are contra-flow lanes ie going against the direction of flow of other traffic

There are proposed cycle lanes on York Street The northbound cycle lane runs from Great Patrick Street to Dock Street and southbound from Dock Street to the M2 slip road South of that the cycle facility is shared with the bus-only lane There is also a cycle lane on Duncrue Street from the M2 exit slip road to Whitla Street

A considerable number of departures from standard have been submitted by the design team along with an unknown number of relaxations These are largely departures from TD 993 Highway Link Design TD 2705 Cross-sections and Headrooms and TD 2206 Layout of Grade Separated junctions They have arisen due to the restricted area of the scheme within an established city centre location

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

9

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

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8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

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84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

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35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

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810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

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812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

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Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

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Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

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Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

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Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

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96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

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2014

4703

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YOR

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

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C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 11: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

3 FINDINGS ndash WESTLINK DIVERGE

31 Problem ndash Limited northbound weaving length Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The weaving length from the Clifton Street merge slip road will be short for coping with the range of proposed movements

Traffic travelling northbound from the Clifton Street merge slip road will have a choice of travelling to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) Northbound traffic on Westlink will have the same choice of destinations

There is therefore the potential for a significant amount of conflict between merging and diverging traffic Vehicles moving from Clifton Street merge to link C would have to move three lanes to the right crossing two lanes of lsquothroughrsquo traffic to the M2 as well as traffic moving from the Westlink to link G The weaving length to link G at 220m is considered to be slightly less than the minimum for an urban motorway and the diverge to link C is only a further 50m

It is considered that the merge diverge arrangement is too complex and too confined and could lead to lane change shunt collisions

(See also Problem 32)

Recommendation

Close the Clifton Street northbound merge slip road

32 Problem ndash Difficulty of providing adequate advance signing northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary It will be difficult to give adequate advance lane directions which could lead to lane change and shunt collisions

As described in Problem 31 the section of northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street merge will present a choice of three routes for traffic on Westlink to the York Street slip road (link G) the M2 northbound connector road (link B) and the M3 southbound connector road (link C) The weaving length to make these manoeuvres and cope with merging traffic from Clifton Street is limited Clear guidance as to which lane to use in advance of the manoeuvres will be essential

The section of Westlink on the northbound carriageway through the Clifton Street junction has vertical concrete walls reaching up to slip roads with minimal hardstrips on both the main carriageway and slip roads There is little scope for the provision of advance signing within this structure The Clifton Street bridge currently has a sign and the bridge will provide some scope for signing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

10

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

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2014

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LOCA

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

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35

811

812

814

815

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61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 12: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

There will be a range of both strategic and local destinations that will have to be signed for the approaching junction Signing will have to be clear and comprehensive to have a surety of safe use given the restricted weaving lengths

Recommendation

Ensure there is a practical and adequate solution for advance signing

33 Problem ndash Hatch markings and lane markings northbound Westlink

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north of Clifton Street junction

Summary The offside hatching results in irregular vehicle paths and may be ignored by drivers

The outer lane of Westlink northbound carriageway will be initially hatched out as it becomes the lane to the M3 link The hatching appears to have pushed out the adjacent parallel lane markings introducing abrupt changes in radius in the alignment of the mainline vehicle paths which are already on a tight curve Such sudden changes could lead to side-to-side collisions

The area of hatching is relatively insubstantial and it is likely that some motorists will follow the solid central reserve and simply drive over the hatching potentially aiming to overtake vehicles in front which have waited for the end of the hatching This could cause confusion and lead to collisions

Recommendation

Design the mainline vehicle paths on a smooth alignment and remove or amend the hatching

34 Problem ndash Flare arrangement on Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Location Westlink slip road to Junction 2 link G

Summary The proposed flare arrangement preceding the stop line does not reflect the likely movements and could lead to side to side collisions

Both lanes on the slip road from Westlink to Junction 2 York Street link G will turn left at York Street It would be reasonable to assume that the greater flow would wish to be on the inner lane while a lesser number of motorists wishing to make faster progress would prefer to use the outer lane

The proposed arrangement shows the natural flow to be to the outer lane In that situation a slow moving vehicle may delay the outer lane with vehicles overtaking on the inside lane A hesitant motorist in the outer lane may lose lane discipline at the turn and collide sideways with another vehicle alongside

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

12

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

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72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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39

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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98 99

74

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71 72

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61 LOCAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 13: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

It is considered that the safer solution would be for the inner lane to be continuous from the slip road with the outer lane developing on a flare It is also noted that there is little apparent need to limit the length of the flare as shown on the drawings

Recommendation

1 Realign the road markings on link G so that the inner lane is continuous

2 Extend the flare from that shown

35 Problem ndash Appreciation of road ahead from Westlink slip road link G

Location Slip road (link G) from Westlink to York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles leaving the slip road to York Street Junction 2 may not fully appreciate they must turn left

Vehicles approaching York Street from the slip road from Westlink link G will be travelling on a 4 rising gradient to York Street where they will have to turn left There would be no clear indication on the skyline of the need to turn as there would only be a narrow central island on York Street and that might only be seen at the last minute The need to turn would be clear to regular users but not necessarily for strangers especially in the dark or bad weather

Any hesitation of vehicles could lead to rear end shunts Road markings and signing would be expected to provide warning but the situation may warrant the provision of chevron boards and illuminated left facing arrows as used on a roundabout

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards and an illuminated left arrow on the central island of York Street opposite link G

36 Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M2 link B

Location Westlink northbound carriageway north to the M2 on link B

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M2 along link B will initially travel along a reasonably long curve of constant 360m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a short length of road with a radius of only 180m before straightening up for the entry to the M2 That reduction to a tighter radius may catch motorists unaware with potential for loss of control collisions

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May 2014

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Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

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May 2014

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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40

30 A

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

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91

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92 93 94

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GENERAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 14: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Recommendation

Provide chevron boards on link B on the approach to the tighter bend to alert drivers

Problem ndash Reduction of curve radius Westlink to M3 link C

Location Slip road (link C) from Westlink to the M3

Summary There is a reduction of radius part way along the link

Motorists travelling from Westlink to the M3 along link C will initially travel along a left-hand curve of 361m radius which will encourage a consistent vehicle speed at or about the design speed of 70kph (40mph) However this transitions to a right-hand curve to a much tighter radius of only 90m before merging with link I That reduction to a tight radius may catch motorists unaware with potential loss of control

Recommendation

1 Provide bend warning signs (TSRampGD sign 512) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

2 Provide advisory speed signs (TSRampGD sign 5132) on link C in advance of the tighter bend

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

13

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

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2014

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LOCA

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PLA

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

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811

812

814

815

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61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 15: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

4 FINDINGS ndash M2 TO WESTLINK

41 Problem ndash Limited forward visibility on the connector road link A

Location The southbound connector road from the M2 to Westlink link A at the merge with link H from Duncrue Street

Summary There will be limited visibility on the connector road link A where it merges with the link H slip road from Duncrue Street in advance of a steep down slope to a tight bend

Shortly after leaving the M2 southbound carriageway motorists joining link A to Westlink will merge with traffic from link H from Duncrue Street The M2 traffic could be freely travelling at 70mph whereas traffic on link H would be travelling uphill on a single lane road possibly in convoy behind a slow moving vehicle There would thus be a significant difference in speed of merging vehicles

The proposed auxiliary lane merge would ease matters to some extent but that occurs as motorists on both link A and link H travel over a crest of K value 20 (60kph) before hitting a curve of 150m radius (50kph) on a downward gradient of 6 The auxiliary merge lane finally merges just before the bend but given the crest curve it may not be immediately clear to motorists where the auxiliary lane ends This may lead to sudden changes of lane with the potential for sideswipe collisions

The potential threat to safe use of the road is

a) the speed of vehicles from the M2 travelling over the limited visibility crest

b) merging of vehicles with a significant speed differential

c) merging of vehicles over a limited visibility crest

d) uncertainty of the extent of the auxiliary lane

e) the tight bend on a steep down gradient

There is a 50mph speed on the M2M3 link but link A commences some distance in advance of that It would be prudent for that speed limit to be extended northwards so that vehicle speeds are reduced before vehicles diverge to link A That would ease some of the above concerns

Recommendation

1 Extend the 50mph speed limit on the M2M3 link north of its current starting point sufficiently in advance of the diverge to link A to reduce speeds at the commencement of link A

2 Provide additional warning systems to encourage reduced vehicle speeds of vehicles leaving the M2

3 Provide lane reduction signs (TSRampGD sign 5721) on link A in advance of the end of the auxiliary lane with distance plates

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

14

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

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2014

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

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C

B

F

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 16: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

5 FINDINGS ndash M3 DIVERGE

51 Problem ndash Lane destinations on northbound diverge from M3

Location Northbound diverge from M3 leading to links D and J

Summary The diverge from the M3 motorway leads to three directions and last minute lane changes could lead to sideswipe collisions

The existing arrangement of the lower part of the slip road is 4 lanes wide plus hard shoulder leading to the current major signalised junction The new arrangement changes to three lanes by hatching out a full outer lane and the hardshoulder and will involve vehicles splitting in three directions in a free flow arrangement Vehicles in the outer lane will be for the Westlink only Vehicles in the other lanes will be heading for the DocksYork Street area and the city centre very different directions They will split between Nelson Street and Great Georgersquos Street immediately after going under the rail bridge and the vehicles heading for Westlink will travel through a different gap under the rail bridge

There are two issues affecting safe use of the slip road

Firstly motorists who are not regular users will face the difficulty of knowing which lane to occupy There are two existing gantries on the M3 viaduct and there is a further sign gantry on the slip road If the two gantries on the viaduct show lane destinations as opposed to general directions at present it should be possible to ensure Westlink traffic and other traffic are in the correct lane in good time

Secondly the visibility of the road layout beyond the railway bridge is very limited and there is the risk of vehicles hesitating or changing lanes at the last minute Keeping the traffic lanes to the right rather than hatching out that lane would maximise visibility under and beyond the railway bridge

As the number of lanes will be reduced advantage could possibly be taken to create a kerbed nearside hardshoulderverge to reduce the overall road width and reinforce the message to drivers in the nearside lanes that they are coming off the motorway into a more urban low-speed environment This may also serve as a location on which to locate lane destination signs which may help with any local destination signing at the point on the slip road where motorists are more likely to hesitate

A further point is that there is a split between the 40mph speed limit (link D to Westlink) and the 30mph speed limit (link J and Nelson Street) The suggested measures would help to provide clear warning of the approach to the 30mph zone

Recommendation

1 Provide separate lane destination signing on the M3 gantries for the 2 diverging lanes

2 Realign lanes to maximise forward visibility

3 If practical create a nearside kerbed hardshoulderverge on the approach to the local roads

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

15

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6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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May 2014

40

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82

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ROADS

GENERAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

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Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 17: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

6 FINDINGS ndash LOCAL ROADS GENERAL ISSUES

61 Problem ndash Width of island required for provision of guardrail and other apparatus

Location Across whole scheme

Summary Narrow islands may give problems locating guardrail and other apparatus at detailed design stage which could be as risk of collision from vehicles

As a general matter which for example is very relevant to the York Street signalised junctions there is no indication of whether pedestrian guardrail will be employed on some of the islands It is not uncommon to use guardrail where pedestrians have to change direction on the island when they are not able to walk straight through Where guardrail is employed there should be adequate width of island as a minimum 25m ideally 30m subject to pedestrian flows

A similar issue concerns the ends of islands which in terms of current drawings are quite narrow for the signals equipment and bollards If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

1 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

2 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

16

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

19

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

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May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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98 99

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75

71 72

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76

82

81

83

84

85

86

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810

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Note Link references are shown as shy

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 18: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

7 FINDINGS ndash GREAT PATRICK STREET AREA

71 Problem ndash Advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary There is little effective advance signing to ensure that motorists know the route they are to follow which could lead to last minute lane changes and sideswipe shunt collisions

There is at present little advance direction signing on Great Patrick Street The single sign is hidden until late by an advertising hoarding and signal heads Following the improvement scheme a new signing regime will be required that may prove to be more complex

Great Patrick Street will have 6 westbound lanes as at present With changes in traffic flows there is possibly an opportunity to evaluate that need and to create better opportunities to provide good directional signing by reducing the number of lanes in advance of the junction for example at Academy Street and widening the central reserve and footway

The advance signing should ideally commence east of Nelson Street

ADS behind obstructions to sight lines

Recommendation

Provide additional advance signing on Great Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

17

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

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pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

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814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

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Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

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Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

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Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

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May 2014

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

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May 2014

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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98 99

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71 72

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76

82

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61 LOCAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 19: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

72 Problem ndash Lanes destinations on Great Patrick Street

Location Great Patrick Street westbound carriageway

Summary Some lanes head for the motorway but are not shown as such

Traffic not wishing to head for the M2 and in particular non-motorway permitted vehicles should avoid the right hand lanes turning north from Great Patrick Street to York Street otherwise they will have to lane change on York Street with potential side collisions The drawings do not indicate advice on which lane to occupy

Lane destination signing and road markings should clearly state which lanes are for motorway traffic only They should commence west of Nelson Street

One practical difficulty is that motorists are able to enter Little Patrick Street from York Street That prevents use of lsquoMotorway Onlyrsquo or similar terms being used on signs and lane markings

Recommendation

1 Provide lane destination markings on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide lane destination road signs on Great Patrick Street

3 Close entry to Little Patrick Street from York Street

73 Problem ndash Measures on Great Patrick Street for cyclists

Location Great Patrick Street

Summary There are broad cycle stop areas at various stop lines which could misinform cyclists and which could encourage risky movements for cyclists

Drawings show broad cycle stop areas marked at the stoplines on Great Patrick Street At York Street for example cyclists will be encouraged to turn right into York Street from any one of 5 lanes in the midst of vehicles both turning right and moving straight ahead In the extreme case a cyclist might turn into the lanes that are heading for the M2 To even reach that junction cyclists are encouraged to cycle in the midst of 6 streams of vehicles from the Nelson Street junction

Cyclists will be very exposed to distracted motorists who may be manoeuvring between lanes or even searching for their appropriate lane Cyclists turning right may cross the path of a vehicle moving straight ahead Cyclists will be very exposed to collisions with vehicles due to the distance required to cross the junctions

Recommendation

1 Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop areas on Great Patrick Street

2 Provide an alternative safe route for cyclists along Great Patrick Street to the cycle lane on York Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

18

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

83

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

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May 2014

31

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

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Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

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Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

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May 2014

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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30 A

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98 99

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71 72

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82

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61 LOCAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 20: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

74 Problem ndash Southbound bus lane not lining up on York Street

Location Great Patrick Street eastbound at York Street

Summary The southbound bus lane on York Street is directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street

The southbound bus lane on York Street will cross Great Patrick Street but is shown as being directed at an island on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street There is a risk that a bus could clip the island as it passes through the junction

The island is relatively advanced because there is a protected parking lane on York Street immediately south of the junction Any reshaping of the island should take that into account

Recommendation

Reshape the island at the south east corner of Great Patrick Street to give a better alignment for southbound buses

75 Problem ndash Suitability of pedestrian route across York Street at Great Patrick Street

Location York Street at junction with Great Patrick Street

Summary Use of the existing pedestrian route may put pedestrians at risk of collisions with buses using the southbound bus lane

The pedestrian route across York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street is shown as existing but it will now cross over the southbound bus lane The question arises as to when pedestrians would be free to cross if the bus lane is on a separate phase to other movements It may be essential for the pedestrian route to go via the bus lane island and that may require changes at the northwest corner of the junction with Frederick Street

Recommendation

Determine an appropriate arrangement for pedestrian movements within the operation of the traffic signals at Great Patrick Street York Street Frederick Street junction

76 Problem ndash Pedestrian movements across Nelson Street (south)

Location Nelson Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Limited pedestrian crossing facilities on Nelson Street

Whilst the lower part of Nelson Street will remain four lanes wide it will become two-directional with hatching separating opposing flows There would be a tendency for pedestrians to use the hatching to aid crossing the wide carriageway In the vicinity of Little Patrick Street

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pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

20

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8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

21

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Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

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84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

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May 2014

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35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

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810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

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812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

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May 2014

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814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

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Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

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May 2014

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9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

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Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

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May 2014

33

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Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

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May 2014

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96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

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May 2014

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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30 A

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(32)

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H

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61 LOCAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 21: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

pedestrians doing that may be vulnerable to collisions with vehicles turning out of either side of Little Patrick Street A pedestrian refuge either side of the junction would remove that vulnerability and otherwise aid pedestrians to cross the road Dropped kerb crossings would be needed in conjunction with that

Recommendation

Provide two pedestrian refuges and dropped kerb crossings on Nelson Street at Little Patrick Street

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May 2014

20

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8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

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May 2014

21

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Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

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35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

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810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

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812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

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May 2014

27

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814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

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Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

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May 2014

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9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

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Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

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Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

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May 2014

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96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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30 A

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(32)

WESTLINK

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31

H

910

98 99

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61 LOCAL

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GENERAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 22: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

8 FINDINGS ndash YORK STREET JUNCTIONS

81 Problem ndash Parking on York Street

Location York Street north of Great Patrick Street

Summary The existing car parking if retained would present a risk to cyclists

There is a car parking layby on the west side of York Street immediately north of Great Patrick Street It is relatively narrow such that if it was retained car doors opening would encroach onto the cycle lane potentially causing cyclists to fall beneath following vehicles

It appears from the drawings that the parking will be removed but this is not totally clear

Recommendation

Confirm that the parking on the west side of York Street will be removed

82 Problem ndash Vehicles turning onto York Street into the path of buses and cyclists

Location York Street at its junction with Little Patrick Street

Summary Vehicles leaving Little Patrick Street may turn into the path of a bus or cyclist if they are not aware of the shared bus lane

Vehicles will be permitted to turn right onto York Street from Little Patrick Street A motorist or cyclist would tend to look left and if not aware of the bus lane to the right may turn into the path of a bus In addition a motorist unaware of the shared cycle lane may cut across the path of a cyclist

It would be most clear if Little Patrick Street was closed Failing that adequate warning will be needed on Little Patrick Street This may include signs and road markings including appropriate markings across the exit from Little Patrick Street

Recommendation

Either

1 Close Little Patrick Street to York Street OR failing that

2 Provide clear warning to users of Little Patrick Street that there is a bus lane approaching from their right used by buses and cyclists

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

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84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

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35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

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810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

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812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

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May 2014

27

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814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

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Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

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May 2014

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9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

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Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

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May 2014

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Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

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Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

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May 2014

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96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

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May 2014

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1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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98 99

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71 72

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76

82

81

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84

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 23: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Clarity of lanes for M2 traffic approaching Junction 1 York Street

Location York Street and Great Georgersquos Street at Junction 1

Summary Vehicles could find themselves in lanes intended for motorway-only traffic with the potential for sudden changes of lane or hesitation leading to sideswipe of shunt collisions

Vehicles that will be heading for the M2 motorway need to be certain that they are in the correct lanes on York Street and Great Georgersquos Street Vehicles that are not permitted on the motorway need to be certain to avoid those lanes

Traffic on York Street needs to have clear advance warning as they approach Junction 1 even from Great Patrick Street and from York Street south of that junction The central lane is shown dividing at the junction but lane markings need to be clear and that may be hindered by the central lane on York Street having a shared destination

There is a particular issue on Great Georgersquos Street in that it would be very easy for a vehicle intending to head for York Street from Great Georgersquos Street to either hesitate as they were not certain which lane to be in or inadvertently turn right into the lanes that head for the M2

Recommendation

1 Provide positive signing and road markings on Great Patrick Street and York Street south of Great Patrick Street and on the approach to Junction 1 to clearly indicate the correct lanes to use for traffic heading for the M2

2 Mark the right hand lane on Great Georgersquos Street as motorway-only to reinforce advance signing to the same purpose

3 Provide confirmatory motorway-only road markings at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

4 Provide permitted-motorway-traffic-only signs at the entry to the two right hand lanes on York Street immediately north of Junction 1

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

22

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

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May 2014

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35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

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Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

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Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

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2014

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 24: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

84 Problem ndash Visibility from car park access York Street

Location York Street on the approach to Junction 1

Summary Limited visibility from the car park access could lead to risky movements onto York Street

As shown the visibility to the right from the car park on York Street would be limited by adjacent buildings That situation could be made worse if lanes are realigned as suggested in the following problem

Some vehicles leaving the car park will head for the M2 which means crossing at least two lanes of traffic approaching Junction 1 possibly traffic that was intent on reaching the junction whilst the signals were on green The risk of side collisions in this situation is significant

Recommendation

Close the access to the car park

85 Problem ndash Alignment of lanes on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary The northbound lanes are poorly aligned at the junction

The two left hand lanes to the stopline are shown pointing towards the left The lanes are effectively half a lane stepped sideways from the lanes they are heading to If the approach is realigned with a reverse curve this can be avoided especially as there is apparently land to be taken from the adjacent car park There is land available on the far side of the junction to smooth out the continuity of the lanes

Traffic pulling away from the stopline needs better orientation or there will be side collisions The alignment shown will also put cyclists in a difficult position as one of the lanes points directly to the cycle lane

Recommendation

Realign the two left hand lanes on both sides of the junction to give continuity of lanes across the junction

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

23

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

89

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

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811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 25: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

86 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on York Street Junction 1

Location The northbound approach to Junction 1 on York Street

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which would serve no purpose

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area at the stopline on York Street Junction 1 but cycles will only be able to go straight on or left It would be unsafe to encourage cyclists to stand in front of two lanes of traffic or even to suggest that they can turn to the right as that road is one-way into the junction The broad area should probably not be used albeit there may be a problem from vehicles turning left

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area from the stopline from York Street Junction 1

87 Problem ndash Inappropriate cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street Junction 1

Location Great Georgersquos Street junction with York Street Junction 1

Summary There is a broad cycle stop area at the stop line which could mis-inform cyclists

The drawings show a broad cycle stop area marked at the stopline on Great Georgersquos Street where the majority of vehicles will turn right Any cyclist in the right hand lane heading for the cycle lane will be very exposed to motorised vehicles which are turning right behind them Cyclists might also be misled into thinking they can turn into the first two lanes on York Street which head for the M2

Cyclists may need some protection from vehicles going straight ahead to Great Georgersquos Street but on balance the broad area might cause more confusion and risk to cyclists

Recommendation

Remove or otherwise reduce the broad cycle stop area on Great Georgersquos Street

88 Problem ndash Appropriate width of bus lane on York Street

Location York Street from Dock Street to Great Patrick Street

Summary The bus lane when shared with cyclists should be a width that avoids unsafe overtaking of cyclists

The southbound bus lane on York Street is shown as 35m wide where it is shared with cyclists A safe width for a shared bus lane is considered to be at least 425m At this width it is considered that buses can safely overtake a cyclist without risk to the cyclist The width of

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

24

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35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

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A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

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PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

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30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

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WESTLINK

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33

31

H

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98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

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810

37

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92 93 94

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61 LOCAL

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

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THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 26: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

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DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

35m would be considered unsafe in that a bus driver may be inclined to unwisely overtake whereas a reduced (minimum) width of 30m would tend to discourage overtaking (Local Transport Note 197 amp Cycling by Design Transport Scotland 2011)

The shared bus lanecycle lane extends for some considerable distance down York Street and it is unreasonable to expect a bus driver to wait that length of time to overtake a cyclist A suitable width is required to give safe overtaking provision

Recommendation

If practical where the bus lane on York Street is shared with cyclists provide a width of at least 425m to allow safe overtaking If this is not practical narrow the bus lane to 30m

Problem ndash Hatch line separator on York Street Junction 1 to 2

Location York Street between Junctions 1 and 2

Summary Hatch markings rather than a kerbed island would enable vehicles to swap between different routes causing potential side collisions

The drawings show four northbound lanes on York Street north of Junction 1 which will be divided into two 2-lane sections to serve the two routes heading north to York Street or M2 At that location York Street is on a significant crest curve which will limit visibility of vehicles approaching from behind Also on many occasions vehicles will be travelling in groups from the traffic signals at Junction 1 and will be approaching traffic lights at Junction 2

The division will be via hatch markings with broken edge lines which would allow vehicles to swap between the two sections of road with the attendant risk of collisions

Recommendation

Replace the hatching on York Street between the northbound lanes from Junctions 1 to 2 with a solid island or hatching with continuous white lines

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

25

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

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2014

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RAW

INGS

PRO

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LOCA

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PLA

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

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91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

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811

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816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

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Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 27: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

810 Problem ndash Visibility to signals over crest York Street Junction 2

Location Northbound approach to Junction 2 York Street

Summary The traffic signals at Junction 2 will be over a crest with limited visibility

Northbound traffic leaving Junction 1 on York Street will approach the next set of signals within approximately 140m They will pass over a crest curve with forward visibility of approximately 90m That limited visibility may catch out an unwary motorist with the risk of rear end shunts to stationary traffic or even collisions from traffic entering from Westlink slip road

It would be prudent to utilise high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 to minimise the risk

Recommendation

Provide high mounted signal heads at Junction 2 on York Street for northbound traffic movements

811 Problem ndash Narrow island on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A narrow island may cause difficulties locating traffic signal equipment and other apparatus at detailed design stage

The traffic island on York Street approaching Junction 2 will be 16m wide There will be two sets of traffic signal equipment on the island and subject to detailed signing design possibly road signs too Any apparatus or sign wider than 600mm would not have 500mm clearance from the edge of the two adjacent carriageways If equipment is too close to the edge of the adjacent carriageway there is a risk that it will be hit by passing vehicles If islands do not have adequate width this may limit the later choice of any signing that may be required

Recommendation

Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of island is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

26

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 28: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

812 Problem ndash Possible adverse camber at York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Vehicles turning right from York Street across an adverse camber

There is no detailed information about the vertical design of the bend into link F for the northbound route from York Street There could naturally be a significant adverse camber for vehicles making this manoeuvre as the road will fall from south to north The adverse camber should be taken out to avoid vehicles slipping sideways in adverse weather conditions or overturning There may be a small complication catering for the bus-only route in the opposite direction

Recommendation

Remove any adverse camber on the entry to the M2 slip road link F for northbound movements from York Street

813 Problem ndash Loss of continuity of pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary Loss of continuity for pedestrian controlled crossings on York Street Junction 2

It is unclear whether there is continuity for pedestrians travelling southwards on the east side of York Street across Junction 2 Pedestrians would move onto a small island but then have to decide whether it is then safe to cross the link road to the M2 link F before northbound traffic sets off from the preceding traffic signals This could lead to an error of judgement and pedestrian collision

Recommendation

Provide a linked controlled crossing on the M2 slip road link F

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

27

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 29: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

814 Problem ndash Indirect footway on York Street Junction 2

Location York Street Junction 2

Summary A more direct route for the footway

The footway heading south on York Street to Junction 2 follows the edge of the emergency U-turn facility on a circuitous route pedestrians may be tempted to cut across the grass verge where they would be at risk of slips and falls A more direct route to the crossing from the right-turn facility would allow pedestrians to be more aware of vehicles approaching from behind them and that apart it would provide a more considerate route

As a matter of detail the footway should stop at the crossing and not appear to continue to the M2 slip road as shown That would help to confirm to pedestrians that they are not permitted on the slip road link F

Recommendation

Provide a more direct route to the footway crossing

815 Problem ndash Narrow islands at York Street Junction 3

Location York Street Junction 3

Summary The island in the centre of the carriageway on the south side of York Street and the left-filter island opposite are too narrow for pedestrians

The drawings show the island in the centre of the York Street carriageway on the south side of the junction being narrowed where pedestrians will be waiting to cross the road The narrowing is apparently intended to smooth the turning path for vehicles emerging from the shopping centre Pedestrians are thus asked to stand in a narrow space with turning vehicles immediately behind them The triangular island at the left-turn filter is also small and there would be difficulty in accommodating a significant number of pedestrians

There may also be difficulty accommodating traffic signal equipment and pedestrian guardrail Given the shopping area nearby this pedestrian crossing could be well used There is little preventing these islands being reshaped to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

Recommendation

Redesign the islands on the south side of York Street Junction 3 to provide a safer environment for pedestrians

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

28

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 30: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

816

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Signing of southbound motorway-only route on York Street

Location York Street from north of Dock Street to M2 link

Summary The signing should ensure that southbound vehicles on York Street have adequate warning that it will lead only to the M2 motorway in a northbound direction

If motorists and non-motorway permitted vehicles in particular travel by error southbound on York Street and do not wish to access the motorway they will have to turn into the shopping centre or the emergency U-turn facility to reverse their course That introduces unnecessary conflict and risk of collisions with other vehicles at the shopping centre access Avoiding that scenario will need very clear signing from north of Dock Street and from other roads and that may prove to be complex

The alternative is to not provide access to the M2 for vehicles travelling south on York Street Local traffic wishing to gain access to the M2 northbound could travel on local roads to the next junction further north

Recommendation

Either

1 Do not provide an entry to the M2 from York Street soutbound OR failing that

2 Ensure there is clear and adequate signing from all relevant points to avoid vehicles approaching the motorway in error

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

29

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 31: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

9 FINDINGS ndash EAST SIDE JUNCTIONS

91 Problem ndash Conflict at commencement of the connector road to the M3 link I

Location Nelson Street south of Dock Street

Summary The arrangement where Nelson Street two-way operation changes to a one-way slip road has the potential for side impact collisions

Nelson Street south of Dock Street is a two-way road to the point at which it provides access to a development site It then becomes the commencement of the connector road to the M3 southbound link I and the arrangement shown gives a free-flow priority to the traffic heading for the M3 motorway Traffic wishing to U-turn back up Nelson Street will have to give way to the motorway traffic Vehicles leaving the development site would have to give way firstly to the U-turning traffic and then to the motorway traffic

The proposed arrangement brings into conflict motorists that are intent on joining motorway traffic and driving accordingly and those that are hesitating due to potential change of route and also those entering and leaving a development site That difference in driver behaviour gives potential cause of side collisions with the arrangement as proposed

An alternative arrangement would be to follow the existing eastern edge of Nelson Street to a large new island opposite the entrance to the development site Traffic heading for the connector road to the M3 would follow around that island to join the proposed link I and traffic undertaking the U-turn would also follow that island but would break off to the right to return back up Nelson Street There would be no conflict of those two flows This would have the following benefit

All vehicles would have to slow down as they approach the site access and start of the connector road ie at the point of potential conflict

Vehicles travelling to the M3 and vehicles returning up Nelson Street would both have free-flow conditions albeit at a lower speed and would not conflict

Vehicles leaving the development site would only have to give way once

Whichever option is chosen vehicles leaving the development site must not turn right immediately from the access otherwise there could be head-on collisions A divider island within the access would prevent vehicles turning right out of the site

Recommendation

1 Provide an alternative layout at the point of access to the development site on Nelson Street which avoids or minimises potential high speed conflict

2 Provide a divider island within the access to the development site

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

30

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 32: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

92

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Complexity of Dock Street Junctions

Location Dock Street junctions east of the M2 flyover

Summary The existing and proposed junction layouts are complex and could confuse unfamiliar drivers

The Dock Street junctions to the east of the M2 flyover are complex Some of the proposed changes appear to add to the complexity Signing of these junctions for strangers will be extremely difficult and space to do that is limited Any confusion on the behalf of drivers could lead to sudden braking or changes of direction resulting in sideswipe or shunt collisions

They are a series of junctions that are also difficult for pedestrians to negotiate For example the pedestrian route along the north side under the flyovers is not continuous

Given that there will be a transfer of traffic onto the new connector roads there may be an opportunity to simplify the junctions That would in turn provide opportunities to improve road signing and give a better balance between the demands of vehicle and pedestrian movements through the junction That may involve less traffic lanes and wider more commodious footways

Footway alongside four lanes of traffic

Recommendation

Either

1 Simplify the layout and operation of the Dock Street junctions OR

2 Find solutions to the following related Dock Street problems

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

31

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 33: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

93

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Layout of Dock Street Junction

Location Dock Street junction with Nelson Street

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

There are a number of features in the layout of the Dock Street Nelson Street junction that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction Islands do not indicate a clear route in all cases which may cause hesitation and rear end shunts

In addition some of the islands are shaped such that the provision of signal equipment and pedestrian facilities may present problems at detailed design There are narrow ends of islands where it is unlikely that proper clearance can be achieved and apparatus may be at risk of being hit by passing vehicles

A existing narrow island on Dock Street east of Nelson Street has been cut short and a signal pole added Clearance is unlikely There is no apparent reason why the island could not be longer with the narrowing beyond the signal pole

The stopline on the existing narrow island on the east side of Dock Street is short of the island opposite which also has a narrow end This is apparently due to the island in the point above being foreshortened

The alignment of the southbound bus-only lane is pointing slightly to the left side of the junction There is no apparent reason why the bus lane should have such a slack curve or why the island to the right of it has been extended eastwards Any bus that was to continue south is pointing well east of its intended route and may catch the corner of the island on the southeast corner of the junction

The stopline for the west to south movement is ahead of one of the signal poles

The island at the northwest corner of the junction has been moved outwards A vehicle approaching from Nelson Street south could clip the corner of the island

The alignment at the give-way to Nelson Street from the left-filter lane of the island at the northwest corner of the junction is very flat almost parallel with Nelson Street The splitter island curves behind the give-way line and it is unlikely that a motorist would be able to observe vehicles approaching from the right

It is not known whether the shape and extent of some of the islands is determined by the overhead structure across the junction but some matters at least could be improved

Recommendation

1 Reshape the islands such that routes through the junction are self-evident

2 Realign the filter lane at the northwest corner of the junction to give a more square approach to the give-way on Nelson Street

3 Determine where guardrail will be required before the size of islands is fixed

4 Determine where road signs traffic signal equipment and other apparatus will be required before the size of islands is fixed

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

32

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 34: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

94

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Lack of visibility at crossing Dock Street Nelson Street junction

Location The northwest corner of the junction of Dock Street and Nelson Street

Summary There would be very limited visibility of approaching vehicles for pedestrians using the proposed crossing

A controlled crossing is proposed from the north side footway on Dock Street to the island at the northwest corner of the junction with Nelson Street However a pedestrian waiting to use the crossing would only see an approaching vehicle very late and a vehicle approaching the crossing would again only see the crossing very late There is thus a risk of pedestrians using the crossing being hit by vehicles

Visibility from the very edge of the island

Given the constraints of the existing bridge supports improved visibility would only be achieved by widening the footway under the flyover and extending the island by a corresponding amount That would enable the crossing within the island to be located with adequate visibility

Recommendation

Widen the northern footway under the M2 flyover and extend the island to Nelson Street (north) by a corresponding amount to create a safe position within the island for the pedestrian crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

33

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 35: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

95

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

Problem ndash Gap in pedestrian route across weighbridge entrance Dock Street

Location The weighbridge entrance on the north side of Dock Street

Summary There is no indication as to how pedestrians will continue in an east-west direction along the north side of Dock Street

A pedestrian crossing system is to be provided on the north side of Dock Street across Nelson Street Pedestrians walking eastwards would then have to cross the weighbridge entrance but there is no indication how or where pedestrians are expected to cross the entrance At present there is no footway and eastbound pedestrians will have vehicles approaching from behind them and from a number of directions on different phases of the signals There is thus a risk of pedestrians crossing the entrance being hit by vehicles

It is acknowledged that this is similar to the present situation but the works may exacerbate the problem

Entrance to weighbridge

Recommendation

Provide a footway at the weighbridge entrance and a dropped kerb crossing of the entrance at a position where pedestrians can safely view approaching vehicles without looking over their shoulder

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

34

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 36: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

96 Problem ndash Narrow footway at Dock Street Junction

Location Southwest corner of Dock Street Nelson Street Junction

Summary The narrow footway would leave pedestrians at risk of collision from turning vehicles

The footway on the southwest corner of the Dock Street Nelson Street Junction is only to be 15m wide which is much narrower than the remainder of that east-west pedestrian route Pedestrians would be very close to turning vehicles

Recommendation

Widen the footway on the southwest corner of the junction to a width commensurate with the remainder of the route

97 Problem ndash Bus stop and pedestrian routes at Duncrue StreetWhitla Street

Location Duncrue Street northbound north of Whitla Street

Summary A bus stop is located midway between natural crossing routes

There is an existing bus stop on Duncrue Street for northbound services It is located just north of Whitla Street on a 2-lane carriageway within a dual carriageway with a grassed central reserve In the new scheme if it is retained in its present position it will be on a 4-lane road which will be split by a hatched area

Bus stop on Duncrue Street some distance north of the existing underpass and crossing

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

35

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

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0700

TEC

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AL07

03 D

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INGS

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

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82

81

83

84

85

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87

88

89

810

37

36

91

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92 93 94

95 96

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813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 37: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

98

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

A passenger dropped off may cross the road in the Whitla Street direction At present there is no dropped kerb crossing or footway across the grass central reserve In future there will be no central refuge opposite the bus stop but the central reserve south of it will be reshaped

There is an existing underpass to the south of the bus stop which at present leads to a controlled crossing That crossing is not shown on current drawings The next available controlled crossing is further north at the revised junction

It is therefore unclear what provision if any is to be made for pedestrians crossing Duncrue Street and whether the bus stop will be provided at a location that is served by a pedestrian crossing It is acknowledged that if the bus stop is moved closer to the underpass a layby would be required

Recommendation

Relocate the existing bus stop near a suitable pedestrian route across Duncrue Street and provide appropriate pedestrian assistance

Problem ndash Layout of Duncrue Street Junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary There are a number of features in the layout that may act against safe operation of routes through the junction

The junction at the end of the existing Duncrue Road slip road is to be changed as it will incorporate the new link H (link road to link A to Westlink) The drawings show two areas where two lanes would be provided on short stretches of road to no purpose and that could lead to side collisions They are as follows

The inside lane of the slip road from the M2 turns left into two lanes an existing situation However they both turn onto a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

There is only one lane at the signals stop line on Duncrue Street for traffic continuing northwards up Duncrue Street However there are two lanes beyond the signals which then return to a single northbound lane on Duncrue Street

Vehicles at the northbound stopline on Duncrue Street will actually be pointing up the approaching slip road from the M2 It would avoid potential confusion if the islands were modified so that the northbound lane was aligned with the exit lane to Duncrue Street

Recommendation

1 Change the layout to a single lane operation at the locations described

2 Change the layout to give a more obvious route for northbound vehicles

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

36

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

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TION

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N RE

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 38: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

99 Problem ndash No-entry signs at M2 diverge

Location The Duncrue Street junction with the M2 diverge slip road

Summary Existing No-entry signs are too late to prevent the manoeuvre

There are existing No-entry signs at the Duncrue Street junction that are intended to prevent motorists driving against the flow from the M2 However they are located in effect part way up the slip road where the slip road splits That is too late to prevent a motorists heading against approaching traffic

Recommendation

Relocate the No-entry signs at the junction

910 Problem ndash North-south pedestrian route at Duncrue Street junction

Location Duncrue Street Junction with the connector road to Westlink link H

Summary Part of the pedestrian route along the west side of the Duncrue Street junction would cross a hatched area of carriageway and part of the route would have no assistance

A redundant lane from the M2 to the junction is shown hatched out This is shown to be crossed by an existing controlled pedestrian crossing which is part of an existing pedestrian route along the western side of the junction It is not acceptable for pedestrians to cross a wide hatched area as shown as they may stand in that area and there is nothing to prevent a vehicle from entering the hatched area The hatching should be replaced by a kerbed edge of carriageway That would also confirm the northbound route from the signals and reduce the chance of someone attempting to drive up the exit slip road in error

When pedestrians reach the left-turn lanes from the M2 slip road they have to cross without assistance Visibility of vehicles approaching from the slip road is limited and pedestrians run the risk of collision with those vehicles

The visibility of that crossing point for vehicles leaving the M2 is restricted by a line of trees which screen industrial buildings It may be possible to reduce that effect but an ultimate solution may be to realign the left-turn lane into Duncrue Street north so that the vehiclepedestrian inter-visibility is improved and the approach speed of vehicles is reduced

This problem should be examined in conjunction with the previous problem

Recommendation

1 Replace the hatching on the redundant lane with a kerbed verge hard paved area

2 Provide an on-demand assisted pedestrian crossing on the left-turn to Duncrue Street north

3 Realign the left-turn lane to Duncrue Street north to ensure adequate inter-visibility

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

37

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

V A

(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 39: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

1013 Others Involved

Specialist Advisor in relation to complex highway design geometry and departure issues

Gordon Philpott BSc DMS(PA)

Engineer

URS

Earl Grey House

75-85 Grey Street

Newcastle NE1 6EF

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

39

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

BLEM

LOCA

TION

PLA

N RE

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

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A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 40: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

11

DRD Roads Service mdash York Street Interchange

PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

Drg No 47037827RSA01 Problem Location Plan

STAGE 1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

May 2014

40

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

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INTE

RCHA

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0700

TEC

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AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax

Page 41: York Street Interchange · Richard Kilner BEng, CEng, MICE – Audit Team Leader. Richard has a Certificate of Competence in Road Safety Audit in accordance with DEM 136/11. Rebecca

30 A

pril 2

014 1

2051

1J

PROJ

ECTS

2014

4703

7827

YOR

K ST

REET

INTE

RCHA

NGE

RSA

0700

TEC

HNIC

AL07

03 D

RAW

INGS

PRO

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N RE

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(32)

WESTLINK

M2

33

31

H

910

98 99

74

75

71 72

73

76

82

81

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

810

37

36

91

51

92 93 94

95 96

97

41

34

35

811

812

814

815

816

61 LOCAL

ROADS

GENERAL

813

J

D

E

C

B

F

I

G

A

Note Link references are shown as shy

A

M3

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED PURSUANT TO AND SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF URS APPOINTMENT BY ITS CLIENT URS ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OTHER THAN BY ITS ORIGINAL CLIENT OR FOLLOWING URS EXPRESS AGREEMENT TO SUCH

USE AND ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH IT WAS PREPARED AND PROVIDED

Plot

Date

Fil

e Nam

e

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue

Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date

URS Internal No Suitability

Drawing Number RevClient Scale A3

Project

Zone Mileage

INFORMATION STAGE 1 R

YORK STREET SA

INTERCHANGE RJ MB RK RK 040414PROBLEM LOCATION PLAN

DRD ROADS SERVICE NTS

47037827 S2

URS Infrastructure amp Environment UK Limited Earl Grey House 75-85 Grey Street Newcastle upon Tyne

+44 (0) 191 255 8080

+44 (0) 230 7601wwwursglobalcom

Tel Fax