bf];|f] ;+:s/0f

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfth'{df;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf

clGtd d:of}bf

>L % sf] ;/sf//fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u

l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn

h]7, 2058

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e"ldsf

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf;sf ;du| kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ / To;}sf cfwf/df jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df u/L ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . P]gsf] o; k|fjwfgnfO{ sfo{¿kdf ptfg{ lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf (stakeholders) nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'uf];\ / ;a} lhNnfx¿sf] cfjlws of]hgfx¿df Ps¿ktf cfcf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .

of] lgb]{lzsfsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{ qmddf ut jif{ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uåf/f cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff / o;sf] k|lqmofut 9fFrf tof/ u/L If]qLo :t/df ljleGg :yfgx¿df ;xeflutfd"ns 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L Jofks 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . tL 5nkmnx¿af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx¿ ;d]t ;d]6L ljz]if1x¿sf] nfdf] k|of;af6 of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

o; lgb]{lzsfn] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r /fvL cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogåf/f lhNnfx¿sf] eljio kf/bzL{ ¿kn] ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfo{df pNn]vgLo ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 . ;fy} o;n] tYof+sdf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{df ;d]t 7"nf] 6]jf k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

o;cg'¿k tof/ x'g] ljleGg lhNnfx¿sf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfx¿n] :yfgLo :t/sf] ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0f / cfofd (local dimension) :ki6 ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ x'gfn] lhNnf leqsf gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿n] klg cf–cfˆgf] If]qsf] cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{sf] nflu ;d]t of] lgb]{lzsf pkof]uL x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 /fli6«o :t/df of]hgf th'{df ug{df ;d]t 7"nf] ;xof]u k'Ug hfg]5 .

of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ sfo{df k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg eO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] >L bfdf]b/ clwsf/L / cf–cfˆgf] ;'emfj k|bfg ug'{ eO{ of] lgb]{lzsfnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] >L eujtLs'df/ sfˆn], >L cjgLGb|s'df/ >]i7, >L u+ufbQ cj:yL,

>L dlGb/f kf}8]n, >L dx]z/fh zdf{ nufot k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd ;a}nfO{ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 .

h]i7 @)%* /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]ul;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+

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ljifo–;"rLv-* s M kl/ro, gLltut / sfg"gL cfwf/x?

1. kl/ro.......................................................................................11.1 e"ldsf..............................................................................................11.2 lgb]{lzsfsf] cf}lrTo / p@]Zox¿.........................................................11.3 lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ qmddf ckgfOPsf ljlw / tf}/tl/sfx?.........................11.4 lgb]{lzsfsf k|of]ustf{x?...................................................................21.5 lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ljifoj:t' / o;sf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf......................3

2. cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf...........................................................52.1 kl/efiff.............................................................................................52.2 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df;DaGwL gLltut / sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿..........52.3 k|s[lt / o;n] ;d]^\g] If]qx?................................................................82.4 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ;Ldfx?.......................................................92.5 /fli^«o, ljifout of]hgf / cGo of]hgf;“usf] ;DaGw, ;dGjo / ;lDdng......102.6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljifox?..............................16

v-* v M of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|lqmofut _f“rf3. cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof..................................19

3.1 e"ldsf............................................................................................193.2 cflhljof] th'{dfsf dxTjk"-f{ kIfx?.....................................................203.3 of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof.....................................................................213.4 cjnDjg ul/Psf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?...........................................................22

v-* u M tYof+sLo cfwf/ / ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if-f4. lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f tyf ljZn]if-f...............................................24

4.1 e"ldsf............................................................................................244.2 k"j{tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i&L................................................................264.3 tYof+s ;+sng tyf ljZn]if-f...............................................................264.4 lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if-fdf ;dfj]z x'g] ljifox?sf] ?k/]vf...........................274.5 lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf ljZn]if-f sfo{zfnf uf]i&L............................414.6 lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f b:tfj]h k|sfzg......................................................41

v-* # M of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df5. of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df....................................................41

5.1 e"ldsf............................................................................................415.2 lhNnf ljsf;sf r'gf}lt tyf cj;/x?...........................................................415.3 lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL#{sfnLg ;f]r tyf l;$fGtx? lgwf{/-f............................415.4 lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli^ut nIo, p@]Zox? tyf /-fgLlt lgwf{/-f.....................415.5 lhNnf ljsf;sf ljifout p@]Zox? tyf k|fyldstf lgwf{/-f...........................415.6 ;"rsx?sf] lgwf{/-f...........................................................................415.7 k|dfl-ft ug]{ cfwf/x?sf] klxrfg ........................................................415.8 hf]lvd kIfx¿sf] klxrfg......................................................................415.9 ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i&Lsf] cfof]hgf.......................41

v-* ª M sfof{Gjog of]hgf6. k|d'v sfo{qmd, k|fyldstfk|fKt cfof]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf...41

6.1 cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/-f................................416.2 sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] juL{s/-f ...................................................416.3 k|d'v sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx? %gf}^ tyf ah]^ Joj:yf..........................416.4 cfof]hgf z'? / ;DkGg x'g] cjlw tyf sfof{Gjog tflnsf..........................41

6.5 k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf] ef}uf]lns vfsf ............................416.6 ;+u&gfTds ;+/rgf / ljsf; Joj:yfkg.....................................................416.7 cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k"j{tof/L tyf jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmd.........41

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kl/ro(Introduction)

1.1 e"ldsf k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfˆgf]] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf nflu bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf cfwf/df cfjlws / jflif{s ljsf; of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ tyf cfjlws of]hgf slDtdf % jif{sf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] 5 . :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yfsf cfwf/df xfn;Dd lhNnf:t/df ;du|tfdf cfwfl/t eO{ cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf] sfo{ xfn}sf jif{x¿b]lv x'g] u/]sf]n] cfjlws of]hgf k|lqmof xfd|f] ;Gbe{df gf}nf] cEof; xf] .

1.2 lgb]{lzsfsf] cf}lrTo / p@]Zox¿:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf cg'?k cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljifoj:t'x¿ :ki6 ug]{ / of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf Ps¿ktf Nofpg] x]t'n] of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; lgb]{lzsfsf b]xfoadf]lhd ljz]if p2]Zox¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

!= lhNnf:t/df cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ug]{ ;Gbe{df :ki6tf Nofpg] .

@= cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfdf :yfgLo Ifdtf ljsf; u/L afXo lge{/tf sd ub}{ :yfgLo ;Lk / ;fwgsf] pkof]u u/L lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof / o;n] ;d]6\g'kg]{ ljifoj:t'df Ps¿ktf NofO{ ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4ltnfO{ lhNnf:t/df ;+:yfut ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] .

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1

$= rfn" / eljiodf th'{df x'g] /fli6«o:t/sf] bL3{sflng / cfjlws of]hgf Pjd\ ljifout of]hgfx¿aLr tfnd]n, ;dGjo / sfo{ut PsLs/0f ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] .

%= lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu'jfsf] e"ldsf (lead role) nfO{ :ki6 ub}{ lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x¿aLr cfk;L ;DaGw, sfo{ut ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/Lkgsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

1.3 lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ qmddf ckgfOPsf ljlw / tf}/tl/sfx?of] lgb]{lzsf d"ntM :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf ePsf] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ sfo{¿kdf ptfg]{ ;Gbe{df lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfdf ;+nUg of]hgfsf/x¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . of] tof/ ug]{ qmddf ul/Psf k|of;x¿ / ckgfOPsf k|d'v ljlw tyf tf}/tl/sfx¿ ;+If]kdf tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ k"jf{wf/sf] ¿kdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff, o;sf] k|lqmofut 9fFrf / cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g'kg]{ d"ne"t ljifoj:t'x¿sf] vfsf tof/ u/L @)%^ r}q / )%& j}zfv dlxgfdf If]qLo :t/df clw/fHoJofkL ¿kdf -( :yfgdf_ cg'lzIf0f uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/L 5nkmndf NofOPsf] lyof] . o;/L ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿ ;d]tnfO{ of] lgb]{lzsfdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

-v_ lgb]{lzsfsf] k|f¿k tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno :t/df ljleGg r/0fdf 5nkmnx¿ ePsf lyP .

-u_ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / o"lg;]kmsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf clw/fHosf & lhNnf -k;f{, lrtjg, ;'g;/L, sfe|]knfGrf]s, sf:sL, bfª / 88]Nw'/f_ df cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf ;Gbe{df ePsf] cg'ejnfO{ ;d]t o;df ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

-3_ lgb]{lzsfsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/ eO;s]kl5 To;dfly /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3, ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf;

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sfo{qmd / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g sfo{qmd, s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefu nufot ;Da4 ljleGg lgsfox¿sf kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfdGq0f u/L cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf k6s k6s Jofks 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . To; 5nkmnsf lgisif{x¿nfO{ ;d]t o;df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

-ª_ d:of}bf tof/ ePkl5 To;nfO{ gjnk/f;L / c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug]{ qmddf ;xefuL ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿aLr 5nkmn u/L tyf ljZn]if0f ;DaGwL v08 k/LIf0f ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .

-r_ g'jfsf]6 / sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfdf ;d]t o;sf] :ynut k/LIf0f u/L To;af6 k|fKt cg'ej ;d]t of] lgb]{lzsfdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

o;/L ljleGg k6s a}7s / cGt/lqmof, ;xeflutfd"ns uf]i7Lx¿, :ynut k/LIf0f ;d]tsf] lgisif{ / To;af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx¿sf cfwf/df of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ePsf] xf] .

1.4 lgb]{lzsfsf k|of]ustf{x? of] lgb]{lzsf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]]hgf -cflhljof]_ th'{df ug]{ qmddf k|ToIf¿kdf ;+nUg x'g] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / ljifout sfof{nosf kbflwsf/Lx¿, of]hgfsf/ / lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿df ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df cfwf/e"t 1fg eO{ of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL g} sfd ug]{x¿sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . of] If]qsf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L gePsfx¿sf] nflu of] lgb]{lzsf gf}nf] / hl6n ;d]t nfUg ;S5 .

of] lgb]{lzsfsf] k"jf{w{df ;dfj]; ul/Psf v08x?n] ;du| lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu tYof+sLo cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ ljlw / tYof+snfO{ ;"rgfdf kl/0ft ug]{ tl/sf Pj+ ;"rgfsf] dxTjnfO{ :ki6 ub{5 . ;fy}] kl5Nff v08x?n] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ug]{ tf}/tl/sf / ;du| of]hgf k|lqmof :ki6 ug'{sf cltl/Qm of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf s'g s'g ljifoj:t' s;/L ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg] s'/f ;/nLs[t ¿kdf :ki6 ub}{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .

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1.5 lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ljifoj:t' / o;sf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf of] lgb]{lzsfdf d"ntM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug]{ qmddf ul/g] k"j{tof/Lb]lv lnP/ o;sf] k|lqmof, ;xeflutfd"ns k4lt / of]hgf b:tfj]hdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿ s] s;/L tof/ u/L ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg] s'/fx¿ qmda4¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

of] lgb]{lzsfn] gjf}F of]hgfsf] gLltut Joj:yf, :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / tT;DaGwL lgodfjnL nufot cGo sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/df b]xfosf If]qx¿ ;d]6L cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh t'Nofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ s]Gb|:t/ / lhNnf:t/sf] of]hgf th'{df / sfo{qmd tof/Lsf] :ki6 /]vfª\sg u/L To;sf] k|lqmofut 9fFrf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

-v_ ljifout lgsfox¿ / cGo ;/sf/L If]q, u}/;/sf/L Pjd\ lghL If]qsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmdaLr tfnd]n sfod u/L plrt ;dGjo / sfo{ut kl/k"/stfsf] k|lqmof :ki6 ug]{ .

-u_ :yfgLo lgsfox¿aLr of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog:t/df plrt ;dGjo / tfbfDotf sfod ug]{ 9fFrf :ki6 ug]{ .

-3_ k|fljlws kIf / ;xeflutfTds Pjd\ k|hftflGqs of]hgf k2lt aLr plrt ;Gt'ng sfod u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] ;'?b]lv cGTo;Ddsf] k|lqmofnfO{ :ki6 ug]{ .

-ª_ :yfgLo:t/sf of]hgf / ljifout Pjd\ /fli6«o:t/sf dWod / bL3{sfnLg of]hgfaLrsf] ;DaGw, ;dGjo / PsLs/0f ug]{ tf}/tl/sf / sfo{ut Joj:yf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

o; lgb]{lzsfsf] efu @ ;Dd cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf] kl/ro, jt{dfg ;Gbe{, cfjZostf / o;sf gLltut Pjd\ sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ eg] efu # vf;u/L k|lqmofut 9f+rf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . efu $ cfjlws of]hgf b:tfj]hsf] v08 ! df ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ cyf{t\ tYof+ssf] tof/L / ljZn]if0f ug]{ s'/fx¿sf ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L efu % / ^ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]hdf ;dfj]; ug{' kg]{ ljifoj:t'sf]

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JofVof, of]hgf th'{df ug]{ tf}/ tl/sf Pj+ ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .

o; lgb]{lzsfsf] ;'?b]lv cGTo;Ddsf k|fjwfgx¿ qmlds ?kdf cjnDjg ub}{ hfFbf cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof klg qmdzM cl3 a9\b} hfG5 . o;df pNn]lvt sltko s'/fx¿ s'g} s'g} lhNnfsf] l:ylt;Fu d]n gvfg klg ;S5 . To; cj:yfdf ;DjlGwt lhNnfsf] Ifdtf tyf ljz]iftf cg';f/ h'g s'/f ;fGble{s x'g cfp+5 ;f] s'/f cjnDjg ug'{kb{5 . h:t}M lxdfnL lhNnfx¿ -hxfF af6f] k'u]sf] 5}g_ df 6«flkms / kfls{ª ;'ljwf;DaGwL s'/f ;fGble{s gx'g ;S5g\ t/ zx/L If]qdf oL cTofjZos x'G5g\ .

s'g} lhNnfsf] ;Gbe{df xfn ljBdfg ;|f]t tyf Ifdtfn] sltko ;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f ug'{ tTsfnsf nflu ;Dej gx'g klg ;S5 . To;}n] cj:yf x]/L o; lgb]{lzsfn] lglb{i6 u/] cg'?k ;"rgf ;+sng ;DjGwL sfo{ / k|f/lDes ljZn]if0fsf] sfd df}h'bf ;+u7gfTds Joj:yfaf6} u/L lj:t[t ljZn]if0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ afx\o k/fdz{ ;]jf klg lng ;lsG5 . ;fy} s'g} tYof+s jf ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ tTsfnsf nflu ;Dej gePdf To:tf] tYof+s÷;"rgf slxn];Dd, s'g ;|f]tjf6, s;/L ;+sng ug]{ eGg] s'/f :ki6 v'nfO{ cfjlws of]hgfsf] cg';"lrdf ;dfj]; ug'{ k5{ . To:tf] tYof+s jf ;"rgf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfs} ultljlwsf] Ps c+usf ?kdf ;doj4 sfo{ of]hgf tof/ u/L lgoldt 9+un] qmdz ;+sng ;d]t ub}{ hfg' kb{5 . o;/L ;+slnt ;"rgf of]hgfsf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sgsf cj;/df jf ;f] klg ;Dej gePdf bf];|f] cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L yk tYof+s ;+sng sfo{sf] ;d]t oyf;dodf d"Nof+sg x'+b} hfg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . o;/L yk tYof+s ;+sng / cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{nfO{ of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg k4ltsf] cleGg c+usf ¿kdf :yflkt ub}{ hfg'k5{ .

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cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf(Periodic District Development Plan)

2.1 kl/efiff lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu nIo tyf p2]Zox¿ lgwf{/0f u/L lglZrt cjlwleq ;f] xfl;n ug{ pko'Qm gLlt, l;4fGt, /0fgLlt tyf k|fyldstfx¿ klxrfg Pjd\ kl/eflift ul/Psf] b:tfj]h (document) nfO{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf elgG5 .

lhNnfjf;Lx¿sf] cfwf/e"t cfly{s cj;/x¿ tyf ;fdflhs ;]jfx¿df kx'Fr s;/L clej[l4 ug]{ < lhNnfsf] k|fs[lts, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ;|f]tsf] lbuf] pkof]u ;'lglZrt ug{ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL nufgLnfO{ s;/L k|f]T;flxt / lgb]{lzt ug]{ < lhNnfsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g s;/L ug]{ < lhNnfsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf; / hg;ª\Vofsf] ljt/0f tyf j:tLljsf;nfO{ pko'Qm lbzftkm{ s;/L k|jflxt ug]{ < lhNnfsf] :yfgut (spatial) :j¿knfO{ Vofn u/L ljsf;df ;Gt'ng s;/L Nofpg] < cflb h:tf ljsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ kIfx¿sf ;DaGwdf plrt lsl;dsf] lg0f{odf k'Ug cflhljof]n] ky k|bz{g ub{5 .

2.2 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df;DaGwL gLltut / sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿gjf}+ of]hgfn] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ljsf; k|sif{0f (development thrust) sf k|d'v If]qx¿df ;dfj]; u/]sf] 5 . o;df :yfgLo lgsfosf ¿kdf ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf :yfgLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;Ifd, :jfoQ / :yfgLo ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo hgtfk|lt k"0f{ pQ/bfoL t'Nofpg] s'/f pNn]lvt 5 . o;}u/L :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ;Dks{ ljGb'sf ¿kdf sfd ug]{ u/L :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ pQ/bfloTj qmlds ¿kdf :yfgLo txdf x:tfGtl/t ub}{ n}hfg]Ù lhNnf

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2

ljsf; ;ldltx¿nfO{ lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;sf] s]Gb|ljGb' agfpg]Ù tYof+sdf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfTds / of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{Ù / :yfgLo ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfkg :yfgLo lgsfox¿af6} u/fO{ :yfgLo :t/df ljsf; sfo{nfO{ :jrflnt / ultzLn agfpg] s'/f gjf} of]hgfsf] b:tfj]hdf :ki6¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿ sfo{¿kdf ptfg{ :yfgLo lgsfo (jt{dfg lgb]{lzsfsf] ;Gbe{df vf;u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt) x¿n] ;xeflutfTds k4ltsf cfwf/df of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ug'{kg]{ x'g cfpF5 .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL, @)%^ n] b]xfosf sfg"gL Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy} cfjlws of]hgf tof/ ug]{ ;Gbe{df lgb]{lzt u/L o;sf] k|fjwfgnfO{ clgjfo{ u/]sf] 5 .

-s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfˆgf] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjlws / jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ . -bkmf !(%_

-v_ cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{ slDtdf % jif{sf] nflu ug'{kg]{ . -lgod !(*_

-u_ cfjlws of]hgfdf bL3{sflng nIo, p2]Zo / sfo{gLlt pNn]v ePsf] x'g'kg]{ . -lgod !(*–@_

-3_ PsLs[t lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaLr ;dGjo÷PsLs/0f ul/g'kg]{ . -bkmf @)$_

-ª_ cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIodf cfwfl/t eO{ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / ;DalGwt dGqfnon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ;fwgsf] k"jf{g'dfg tyf dfu{bz{g pknAw u/fpg] . -bkmf !(% / @)#_

-r_ jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df ubf{ cGo s'/fx¿sf cltl/Qm cfjlws of]hgfn] kl/nlIft u/]sf s'/fx¿sf cfwf/df ug'{kg]{ . -bkmf !(%–%_

-5_ cGo dfkb08sf cltl/Qm ljifout If]qsf of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] cfjlws / bL3{sflng of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" u/]sf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfˆgf]] sfof{nodf ljifout zfvf :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] . -lgod @&)–u_

-h_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] th'{df u/]sf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t x'g'kg]{ . -lgod !(*–$_

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:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% -bkmf !(%_ df cfjlws of]hgf tof/ ubf{ lgDglnlvt ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ s'/f pNn]lvt 5 .

-s_ lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns, cfly{s Pjd\ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ / ltgLx¿sf] jt{dfg pkof]u .

-v_ ljleGg If]qdf t'ngfTds nfut nfesf] lx;fan] pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgfx¿ .

-u_ lk5l8Psf hghfltx¿ Pjd\ a9L ul/jL ePsf] If]q tyf To; If]qdf ul/Psf jf ul/g'kg]{ ljleGg ljsf; sfo{x¿ .

-3_ dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf nflu cfod"ns / ;Lkd"ns ljsf; sfo{x¿ .

-ª_ ;DkGg ePsf ljleGg ljifo If]qcGtu{tsf cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f / ltgLx¿sf] ;~rfng / ;Def/;DaGwL Joj:yf .

-r_ ljsf; ;Defjgfx¿sf cfwf/df ljleGg ljifo If]qut cNksfnLg Pjd\ bL3{sfnLg ljsf; sfo{x¿ .

-5_ :yfgLo afl;Gbfaf6} tof/ ul/g'kg]{ ljleGg ljifoIf]qsf hgzlQm ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{x¿ .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_ th'{df;Fu k|ToIf ;DalGwt tn pNn]lvt sfo{x¿ ;d]t cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf] k"jf{wf/ ePsfn] cu|Ld ¿kdf of] tof/ ug'{kg]{ s'/f P]g / lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePsf] 5 .

-s_ ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb|M lhNnfsf] jf:tljs l:yltsf] klxrfg / of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf Ps ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ / To;df lhNnfleqsf ;a} :yfgLo lgsfosf b]xfosf ;"rgf tyf clen]v ;+sng u/L /fVg'kg]{ . -bkmf @!@_ cBfjlws j:t'ut ljj/0f / l:ylt ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bgx¿

(development situation analysis reports)

ufpF, gu/ / lhNnf:t/Lo cfjlws of]hgfx¿ jflif{s sfo{qmd, d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg / n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgx¿ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / lghL If]qsf sfo{qmd / k|ult ljj/0fx¿

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lhNnfleq ul/Psf cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf k|ltj]bgx¿ ah]6 / cfly{s ljZn]if0fsf k|ltj]bgx¿, cflb .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ljifout zfvfsf] :yfkgfsf nflu s'/f ug'{kg]{ tLgcf]6f dfkb08x¿ dWo] Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ klg Ps dfkb08sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . -lgod @&)–v_

-v_ ;|f]tgS;f / j:t'ut ljj/0fM k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf;sf lglDt lhNnfsf] j:t'ut l:ylt

:ki6 x'g] u/L j:t'ut ljj/0f / ;|f]tgS;f tof/ ug'{kg]{ . -bkmf !((_ ;|f]tgS;f tof/ ubf{ ;Ldfgf, If]qkmn tyf hg;+Vof nufot lhNnfdf pknAw

;Dk"0f{ k|fs[lts ;fwg / ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ j:t'l:ylt emlNsg] u/L

tof/ ug'{kg]{ . -lgod !(&_-u_ bL3{sfnLg / cGo ljifout of]hgfx¿ th'{df / ;~rfngM

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx¿sf] of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, sfo{qmd ;~rfng, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ;d]tsf nflu lhDd]jf/ agfPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu cfjlws of]hgf / To;sf cfwf/df jflif{s sfo{qmd th'{df nufot qmlds¿kdf b]xfosf ljifout of]hgfx¿ ;d]t th'{df u/L cfjlws of]hgf;Fu logLx¿nfO{ PsLs/0f / ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf ;8s u'?of]hgf e"–pkof]u / jftfj/0fLo of]hgf s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ko{6g / cGo ljifout of]hgfx¿

dflysf oL ljifout of]hgfx¿nfO{ cfjlws of]hgf;Fu Pscsf{sf kl/k"/s x'g] u/L th'{df / ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ bfloTj klg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cGtu{t :ki6 tf]lsPsf] 5 . -bkmf !*(_

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o;/L :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / o;;DaGwL lgodn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx¿nfO{ :yfgLo:t/df of]hgfa4 Pjd\ ;xeflutfTds ljsf;sf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f / cGo sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ ;DalGwt kl/R5]bx¿df qmdzM pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{ lnOg'kg]{ d"ne"t cfwf/x?cflhljof] th'{df ubf{ dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd sfg"gL / gLltut cfwf/x¿sf cltl/Qm b]xfoadf]lhdsf cfwf/x¿ lng'kg]{5M /fli6«o gLlt, l;4fGtx¿ / /fli6«o of]hgfx¿ g]kfn kIf ePsf cGt/fli6«o ;lGw, ;Dd]ng / ;Demf}tfx¿ -

h:t} afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;GwL, dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf ck/fw lgoGq0f ;DaGWL dxf;GwL cflb_

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] k7fpg] dfu{bz{gx¿ ljifout dGqfnox¿n] of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf k|bfg ug]

{ dfu{bz{gx¿ /fli6«o cfjlws of]hgfsf] gLlt tyf nIox¿

2.3 k|s[lt / o;n] ;d]^\g] If]qx? cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_ n] lhNnf:t/df ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ :ki6 lbzfaf]w ub{5 . o;n] ljsf;sf ;du| kIfnfO{ ;d]6\5 . of] d"ntM :yfgut ljz]iftfx¿ (spatial

characteristics) df cfwfl/t PsLs[t / ax' ljifout of]hgf (integrated

multi-sectoral development plan) xf] . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf !*( df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/cGtu{t pNn]lvt b]xfosf !^ cf]6f ljleGg ljifout sfo{x¿n] o;sf] k'li6 ub{5 .

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s[lif ;DaGwL u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf

j:tL ljsf; ;DaGwL hnljB't ;DaGwL lgdf{0f tyf

oftfoft ;DaGwL e"ld;'wf/ tyf e"ld

Joj:yf ;DaGwL dlxnf

;zlQms/0f ;DaGwL jg tyf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL lzIff tyf

v]ns'b ;DaGwL >dsf] Hofnf ;DaGwL

l;+rfO{ / e"Ifo tyf gbL lgoGq0f

;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ ;DaGwL

efiff / ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL

3/]n' pBf]u ;DaGwL

:jf:Yo ;]jf ;DaGwL

ko{6g ;DaGwL ljljw – tYof+s

Joj:yfkg, afn ljsf;, b}jLk|sf]k, cflbjf;L, hghflt, pk]lIft ju{sf] pTyfg, hgzlQm ljsf; / hg;+Vof Joj:yfkg, cf}Bf]lus ljsf;, rn crn ;DklQ ;+/If0f cflb

lhNnf ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]q ;d]tsf] cflhljof] th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf plQs} e"ldsf / of]ubfg /xG5 . of] ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;a}sf] ;femf b:tfj]h xf] . To;}n] o;sf] th'{df k|lqmof ;xeflutfd"ns Pjd\ kf/bzL{ x'g'kg]{ / ;a} ;fem]bf/x¿sf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtfdf of] th'{df eO{ o;sf nflu ;femf b[li6sf]0f / ;dembf/L ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 . :yfgLo :t/sf] :yfgut ljz]iftf (territorial features) / t'ngfTds nfesf cfwf/df cflhljof] th'{df ug'{kb{5 . To;}n] lhNnfleqsf] :ynut ljz]iftf, ufpF–ufpF jf ufpF–gu/jLrsf] leGgtf / ;dfgtf, 5'§f5'§} l:ylt cflb :yfg ljz]ifsf ef}lts cfofdx¿ (physical dimensions) o;df :ki6 v'n]sf] x'g'kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;fIf/tf, ul/aL jf o:t} c? ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of s]nfpFbf jf ljZn]if0f ubf{ lhNnfe/Lsf] ;/b/ l:ylt dfq gx]/L of] ;d:of s'g 7fpFdf a9L s]Gb|Lt 5 < s] slt 3/w'/L Tof] l:yltdf 5g\ < pgLx¿sf] ;]jf / ;'ljwfdflysf] kx'Fr s:tf] 5 < cflb h:tf hfgsf/L nlIft ju{ / :yfg ;d]t :ki6 ls6fgLsf ;fy ljZn]if0f ul/g'kb{5Ù tfls kl5 7f]; sfo{qmdåf/f Tof] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg

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ug{ ;lsof];\ . ctM cflhljof]n] lhNnfsf] ;d:of, ;jntf tyf ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿sf] ljj]rgf ubf{ ;Dej eP;Dd tNnf] tx cyf{t\ lhNnfleqsf j:tL tx, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf, Onfsf jf lgjf{rg If]qut cfwf/df ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ lhNnf leqsf] l:ylt Ps csf{;Fu t'ngf u/L ljsf;df ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ x'G5 .

o; ;Gbe{df ;d:ofsf] k|s[lt (nature), km}nfj6 (expansion) / ulx/fO (intensity) sf cfwf/df s'g tYof+s÷hfgsf/L s'g txaf6 ;+sng ug]{ eGg] s'/f klxn] g} lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . xfn df}h'bf ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k4ltsf cfwf/df j:tL:t/b]lv j8f–ufpF x'Fb} Onfsf / lhNnf:t/;Dd u/L o;sf ljleGg txut >[ª\vnfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . t/ xfn cfP/ ;f+;b sf]ifaf6 r'gfjL If]q (constitutency) sf cfwf/df ;d]t pNn]vgLo /sd jflif{s ¿kdf ljlgof]hg x'g] u/]sfn] ;f+;b If]qsf cfwf/df ;d]t ;+ej eP;Dd tYof+s ;+sng ul/Pdf kl5 sfo{qmdsf] k|efj t'ngf ug{ ;lhnf] x'g hfG5 .

cflhljof]n] Psflt/ a[xt\ /fli6«o gLlt / nIo k|flKtdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 eg] csf]{lt/ :yfgLo ljz]iftf / t'ngfTds nfesf cfwf/df ljsf;nfO{ :yfgLo cfjZostfcg'¿k lgb]{lzt u/L ljsf; lqmofsnfkdf tLj|tf k|bfg ub{5 . :yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd ;b'kof]u u/L ;dlGjot ¿kdf ljsf; sfo{qmd cl3 a9fpg o;n] 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5 .

2.4 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ;Ldfx? of]hgf eg]sf] eljiosf] clglZrttfnfO{ j:t'ut cfwf/df lglZrttfdf kl/0ft u/L eljionfO{ cfkm"n] rfx]sf] h:tf] cj:yf -bL3{sfnLg ;f]r / nIo_ tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg] k4lt xf] . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] % b]lv & jif{sf] cjlwsf nflu ljsf;sf] ult lhNnfn] rfx]sf lbzf (desired direction) tkm{ 8f]¥ofpg] sfd ub{5 .

o; ;Gbe{df cfjlws lhNnf of]hgfsf] cfGtl/s jftfj/0f (internal environment) / afx\o jftfj/0f (external environment) u/L @ cf]6f jftfj/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . cfGtl/s jftfj/0f eg]sf] lhNnfsf]

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sfo{If]qleq /x]sf] cyf{t\ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] cj:yf xf] . o;cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ToIf clwsf/If]qdf kg]{ sfo{x¿, ljifout sfof{nosf sfo{qmdx¿, / >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] lgoGq0f / /]vb]vdf ;~rfng u/]sf Pjd\ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] x]g]]{ egL :ki6 tf]lsPsf] cGo of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿ kb{5g\ . o;sf] x/]s kIfnfO{ cfjlws of]hgfn] ;d]6\b5 . o;k|sf/ cfk\mgf]] k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf /x]sf s'/fx¿sf] xsdf lhNnfn] lj:t[t of]hgf (detail plan) tof/ ug'{kb{5 . cfjlws of]hgfnfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf th'{df ug{ ;s]sf] v08df ;f] sf] cfwf/df jflif{s sfo{qmd th'{df / sfof{Gjog of]hgf agfpg ;xh x'G5 .

o;}u/L afx\o jftfj/0f eGgfn] lhNnfn] lg0f{o u/L k"0f{ lgoGq0f eg] ug{ g;Sg] t/ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg], gLltut ;'wf/df ;xof]u;Dd ug{ ;Sg] / dfu{lgb]{z (guide)

ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 . o;df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;fd'bflos ;ª\3, ;ª\u7g / lghLIf]qsf sfo{qmdx¿sf ;fy} s]Gb|Lo:t/af6 ;~rflnt of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿ kb{5g\ . o:tf of]hgf / sfo{qmdnfO{ lhNnfn] ;f]em} lgof]hg (plan), lgudg (regulate) / lgoGq0f (control) ug{ ;Sb}g t/ k|efj kfg{ / lhNnfsf] k|fyldstfcg';f/ lbzflgb]{z eg] ug{ ;Sb5 . o;k|sf/sf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ cfjlws of]hgfdf l;w} ;dfj]z u/L ultljlw lgwf{/0f gu/L gLltut cfwf/ / k|fyldstf tf]lslbg'kb{5, h;n] ubf{ o:tf of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿af6 lhNnfnfO{ cflhljof]sf] nIo / p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ cg's"n ;xof]u x'g ;sf];\ .

To;}n] cflhljof] tof/ ubf{ dfly pNn]lvt cfGtl/s / jfXo jftfj/0fsf cfwf/df b]xfoadf]lhd tLgcf]6f ju{df ljefhg u/L ug'{kb{5 .

-s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k"0f{ clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ s'/fsf xsdf lj:t[t of]hgf tof/ ug'{kb{5 . o;cGtu{t b]xfojdf]lhdsf ljifout If]qx¿ kb{5g\–

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfk\mgf] cfGtl/s ;|f]t / ;/sf/n] jflif{s ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg] cg'bfg (block

grant) / sfo{qmd cg'bfg (program grant) af6 ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx¿

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lhNnfsf] sfo{If]qdf gkg]{ egL >L % sf] ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] afx]ssf ljifout sfof{nosf lhNnf / :yfgLo :t/sf of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ToIf /]vb]v / lgoGq0fdf ;~rfng x'g] egL tf]lsPsf cGo sfo{qmdx¿

-v_ cfly{s ;|f]tdfly lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k"0f{ lgoGq0f gePsf] ljifodf lhNnfn] cfk\mgf] cfjZostfcg';f/ gLltut cfwf/ / k|fyldstfsf If]qx¿ ls6fgLsf ;fy tf]sL dfu{lgb]{zg ul/lbg'kb{5 . o;cGtu{t b]xfosf s'/fx¿ kb{5g\M

u}/;/sf/L If]q / gful/s ;dfhåf/f th'{df u/L ;~rfng ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿ lghL If]qsf] nufgL / lghL If]qn] ;~rfng ug]{ of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿

-u_ lhNnfsf] df}h'bf Ifdtf, ;|f]t / sfo{If]qsf cfwf/df lhNnfn] a9L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf Joj:yfkg / ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg] t/ sfg"gL / gLltut ¿kdf :ki6 gtf]lsPsf s'/fx¿sf xsdf lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf cfwf/df :ki6 b[li6sf]0f / gLlt Pjd\ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L l;kmfl/z;lxt >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg' k5{ . o;/L l;kmfl/z k7fpFbf tL of]hgf jf sfo{qmdaf6 cflhljof]sf] sfof{Gjog kIfdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efj, hf]lvd / ;f] sfo{qmd lhNnfn] Joj:yfkg u/]df x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efjsfl/tf / kmfObf ;d]t :ki6 v'nfO{ k7fpg'kb{5 . o;/L sfo{of]hgf l;kmfl/z u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpFbf lhNnfsf] ljutsf] cg'ej, ;+:yfut Joj:yf / Ifdtf ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 .

2.5 /fli^«o, ljifout of]hgf / cGo of]hgf;“usf] ;DaGw, ;dGjo / ;lDdng :yfgLo txsf] jf:tljstf, ;d:of / ;antf af/]df :yfgLo hgtf g} lj1 x'G5g\ / pgLx¿n] u/]sf] lg0f{o g} a9L oyfy{jfbL (practical), k"0f{ (complete), kfsf] (perfect) / k|efjsf/L (effective) Pjd\ cfly{s ¿kdf ldtJooL (economically efficient) x'G5 eGg] cjwf/0ffdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] l;4fGt / ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4lt cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . o;}cg'¿k ;a} ;fem]bf/x¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltaf6

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tof/ x'g] cfjlws of]hgfn] :yfgLo oyfy{tfdf cfwfl/t eO{ :yfgLo ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{ lhNnfjf;Lsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;d'Gglt ug{df k|efjsf/L ult k|bfg ub{5, h'g Ps lglj{jfb kIf xf] . t/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] /fli6«o of]hgf -h:t}M gjf} of]hgf_, /fli6«o:t/sf ljifout / bL3{sflng of]hgfx¿ -lhNnf lzIff of]hgf, jg ljsf; u'? of]hgf, @) jif]{ s[lif ljsf; of]hgf cflb_ ;Fu tfbfDotf (compitability), gLltut / sfo{ut ;dGjo Pjd\ plrt cGt/;DaGw sfod x'g' cToGt h?/L 5 . lhNnf:t/ o:tf] ynf] xf] hxfF Psftkm{ j:tL:t/af6 l;lh{t eO{ cfpg] :yfgLo rfxgf, cfjZostf / dfun] qmdzM of]hgfsf] k|f¿k lgwf{/0f ub}{ cfpF5 eg] csf]{tkm{ /fli6«o gLlt, k|fyldstf / sfo{qmdx¿ klg lhNnf txaf6} jf:tljs ¿kdf sfof{Gjogdf nlug] x'gfn] :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd e]6 x'g] ;femf :yn lhNnf g} xf] . To;}n] logLx¿aLr plrt tfnd]n, ;dGjo / PsLs/0f x'g' h?/L 5 .

o; l;nl;nfdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, /fli6«o of]hgf / ljleGg ljifout of]hgfaLr b]xfosf s'/fx¿df sfo{ut ;dGjo / PsLs/0f u/L logLx¿ Pscsf{df kl/k"/s x'g] u/L of]hgf th'{dfb]lv sfof{Gjog tx;Dd pko'Qm ;+oGq :yflkt ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 .

-!_ of]hgfsf] bL3{sfnLg / dWosfnLg nIo Pjd\ p2]Zox¿ . -@_ of]hgf th'{df k4lt / To;sf cfwf/x¿ . -#_ gLlt, sfo{gLlt / l;4fGtx¿ . -$_ sfo{qmd / lqmofsnfkx¿ .-%_ sfof{Gjog Joj:yf . -^_ cg'udg / d"Nof+sg k4lt .-&_ ;+:yfut Pjd\ ;ª\u7gfTds Joj:yf .

o;/L Ps csf{ jLr sfo{ut ;dGjo / PsLs/0f u/L Pscsf{sf kl/k"/ssf ¿kdf x'g] k4lt s;/L :yflkt ug]{ eGg] s'/f tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . -lrq–!, k]h g+= !*_

2.5.1 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf / /fli^«o ljsf; of]hgf tyf /fli^«o gLltx?

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cflhljof] / /fli6«o of]hgf -k~rjifL{o of]hgf_ Pscsf{sf kl/k"/s x'g\ . k~rjifL{o of]hgfn] b]vfPsf] k|lta4tf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] lglb{i6 u/]adf]lhd ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltåf/f lhNnfn] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ub{5 . :yfgLo:t/af6 p7]/ cfPsf ljsf;sf ;d:ofx¿n] k|lqmofut 9+uaf6 cGttM of]hgfsf] :j¿k wf/0f ug]{ ePsfn] cflhljof] :yfgLo hgrfxgfsf] k|ToIf k|ltljDj xf] . o;n] /fli6«o:t/sf] ;dli6ut of]hgf th'{dfdf :yfgLo :t/sf] t'ngfTds nfe, hgrfxgf, cfjZostf / :yfgLo b[li6sf]0f k|:t't u/L Psflt/ /fli6«o of]hgf / /fli6«o gLlt th'{dfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 eg] csf{lt/ /fli6«o gLlt / /fli6«o of]hgfn] /fv]sf] a[xt\ nIo kl/k"lt{df cflhljof]n] :yfgLo :t/af6 cf–cfk\mgf] ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df ;Sbf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5 . o;/L Psflt/ cflhljof] / csf]{lt/ /fli6«o b[li6sf]0f, /fli6«o gLlt Pjd\ of]hgfaLr kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o ljsf; of]hgf d"ntM ljifout (sectoral) cfwf/df tof/ x'g] / o;n] ;dli6ut cfly{s–;fdflhs ljZn]if0f (macro socio-economic analysis) u/L ljifout nIox¿ (sectoral targets) ls6fg ug]{ x'“bf o;df ef}lts / :yfgut cfofd (physical and spatial dimension) :ki6 x'“b}g . /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof s]Gb|d'vL (top-down) /xG5 . lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf ;xeflutfTds k|lqmofåf/f tof/ ul/g] x'“bf o;n] ef}lts tyf :yfgut cfofd (physical and spatial dimension) ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . cflhljof] :yfgut cfwf/df (terroterial basis) tof/ ul/g] / o;df ef}lts tyf :yfgut cfofd (physical and spatial dimension) :ki6 x'g] ePsfn] of] a9L lj:t[t x'G5 . t/ cflhljof] /fli6«o of]hgfsf] a[xt\ kl/lw (broad framework) leq /xL tof/ ul/g' k5{ .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf /fli6«o of]hgfsf] nIo tyf gLlt / lhNnf:t/Lo nIo tyf gLltx¿aLr cGt/;DaGw, ;dGjo / kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ b]xfosf sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] lhNnfs]f ljsf;sf nflu cfjlws / jflif{s ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{kb{5 . o;adf]lhd th'{df ul/Psf] of]hgfsf] cfwf/df /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ sflt{s dlxgfleq cg'bfg / cfjZos gLlt tyf

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dfu{bz{gx¿ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 . (bkmf !(*, pkbkmf ! / @)

-v_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ubf{ lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿nfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 -bkmf !(% sf] pkbkmf %_M /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / ;DalGwt dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt lgb]{zgx¿ /fli6«o nIo tyf gLltsf cfwf/df to ul/Psf lhNnf:t/Lo gLlt tyf nIox¿ cfjlws of]hgfn] kl/nlIft u/]sf ;dli6ut cfjZostfx¿

-u_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ug'{ cufj} b]xfosf ;|f]t / ;fwgx¿sf] cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{5 -bkmf !(^_M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfk\mg} >d, ;|f]t / ;fwg >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 k|fKt Psd'i6 cg'bfg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ljleGg ljifout dGqfnox¿af6 ljifout nufgL afkt

k|fKt Psd'i6 ;fwg cGo ;+:yfx¿af6 k|fKt ;xof]u

-3_ lgb]{zg kfngf ug'{kg]{M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx¿nfO{ lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df / ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;do ;dodf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . o;adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] kfng ug'{kg]{5 . -bkmf @)&, pkbkmf ! / @_

-ª_ lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] bfloTjM lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] lgldQ cf–cfk\mgf] ljifoIf]qdf ljleGg lhNnfx¿nfO{ k|bfg x'g] ;fwgsf] k"jf{g'dfg / ;f];Fu /fli6«o ljsf; gLlt / k|fyldstf tyf cGo dfu{bz{gx¿ eP ;f] ;d]t pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 . o;/L pknAw u/fOg] ;fwgsf] k"j{cg'dfg / dfu{bz{g k|To]s lhNnfsf] cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIoaf6 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/L ljifout dGqfnox¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'kg]{5 . -bkmf @)#_

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-r_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]M >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf sfo{x¿ ;Dkfbg u/] gu/]sf], lk5l8Psf hghflt, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] lxtnfO{ cfjZos k|fyldstf lbP glbPsf], kof{j/0f ;Gt'ngh:tf ljifon] k|>o kfP gkfPsf] h:tf ljifox¿df lgoldt cg'udg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfng ug'{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -bkmf @#$, pkbkmf ! / @_

-5_ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofM ;DalGwt dGqfnon] lbPsf] dfu{bz{g / ah]6 cg'dfgeGbf km/s x'g] u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6 kfl/t u/]df To;sf] cf}lrTo hfFra'em u/L To:tf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljifout dGqfnon] ;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / o;/L lgb]{zg k|fKt ePsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -lgod @)) sf] pklgod v_

-h_ ljifout zfvfsf] :yfkgfM :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gs]f bkmf @%& sf] k|of]hgsf nflu b]xfosf dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] sfof{nodf ljifout zfvf :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . P]gsf] bkmf !(& sf] pkbkmf ! adf]lhd ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof

cjnDjg u/]sf] . P]gsf] bkmf @!@ ad]flhd ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb| vf]nL Jojl:yt ¿kdf

;~rfng u/]sf] . P]gsf] bkmf !*( adf]lhdsf ljifout If]qsf of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] cfjlws /

bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" u/]sf] .

dflysf dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|fyldstf / /fli6«o k|fyldstf ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ljifout zfvf vf]Ng cfjZos sd{rf/L Joj:yf ;lxtsf] of]hgf tof/ u/L lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t u/fO{ dGqfno ;dIf k|:tfj k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] dfly

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pNn]lvt dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf cfwf/df ljifout zfvf vf]Ng cg'dlt lbg]5 .

/fli6«o:t/df k~rjifL{o of]hgfsf cltl/Qm bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf cGo ljifout of]hgfx¿ klg 5g\ . o;df d'Vo¿kdf bL3{sfnLg -@) jif]{_ s[lif ljsf; of]hgf, jg ljsf; u'?of]hgf, :jf:Yo If]qsf] bL3{sfnLg of]hgf cflb kb{5g\ . oL of]hgfx¿sf] /fli6«o:t/af6 nIo lgwf{/0f ul/Psf 5g\ . logLx¿sf] vf; sfof{Gjog lhNnf:t/af6 g} x'g] x'gfn] oL of]hgfx¿;Fu tfbfDotf x'g] u/L ljifout cfwf/df lhNnfut nIo / p2]Zo cflhljof]n] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . oL lhNnf:t/Lo ljifout nIo, p2]Zo / glthfx¿ :yfgLo ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df to ul/g] x'gfn] a9L :ki6¿kdf ls6fgL ul/Psf (specific) x'G5g\ h;n] cGttM /fli6«o:t/sf] nIo xfl;n ug{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5 . To;}n] cflhljof] th'{df ug]{ qmddf vf; u/L ljZn]if0fsf qmddf / nIo, p2]Zo Pjd\ glthfx¿ lgwf{/0f ubf{ ljifout of]hgfx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ .

cflhljof] th'{df eO;s]kl5 ljifout sfo{qmdx¿ ;a} cfjlws of]hgfn] lglb{i6 u/]adf]lhd sfof{Gjog / ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] ljifout sfof{no k|d'vx¿ of]hgf th'{dfdf ;lqmo¿kdf ;xefuL eO{ cf–cfˆgf] If]qsf] ljutsf] pknlAw, Ifdtf / eljiosf ;f]r / sfo{qmdx¿ 5nkmndf Nofpg'kb{5 . o;/L cflhljof] th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;lqmo of]ubfg ug'{ ljifout sfof{nox¿sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

2.5.2 cflhljof] / cGo :yfgLo lgsfosf of]hgfx? dfly pNn]lvt /fli6«o:t/sf ;dli6ut cfly{s–;fdflhs ljsf; of]hgf / ljifout of]hgfx¿sf cltl/Qm cflhljof]nfO{ :yfgLo:t/sf cGo :yfgLo lgsfo -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf_ sf of]hgfx¿;Fu ;d]t tfnd]n, ;dGjo / cGt/;DaGw :yflkt ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df Psflt/ cflhljof] ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltsf cfwf/df ufpF / gu/ kl/ifb\af6 k|fKt of]hgfx¿nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfO{ th'{df ug'{kb{5 eg] csf]{lt/ dfly pNn]v ePadf]lhd h;/L /fli6«o of]hgfsf] a[xt\ kl/lw (broad framework) leq cflhljof] /xg'k5{ To;}u/L ;DalGwt lhNnfleqsf :yfgLo lgsfosf cfjlws of]hgfx¿ klg cflhljof] th'{df eO;s]kl5 cflhljof]n] lgwf{/0f

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u/]sf] a[xt\ kl/lwleq /xg'kb{5 . ufpF / gu/ :t/sf cfjlws of]hgfx¿n] cflhljof]sf] nIo / p2]Zox¿ xfl;n ug{df cf–cfˆgf]] If]qaf6 of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5g\ . t/ :yfgut ¿kdf eg] oL a9L lj:t[t (specific) x'g ;S5g\ . To;}n] Psflt/ cflhljof] th'{df ug]{ qmddf lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIf :yfgut (spatial) ¿kdf emlNsg] u/L j:tL:t/b]lvs} tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0f x'g' cTofjZos 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ lhNnfleqsf gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿n] cflhljof] th'{dfsf qmddf cfjZos tYof+s pknAw u/fO{ ;lqmo ;xeflutfåf/f of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . o;k|sf/sf] bf]xf]/f] k|0ffnLn] cflhljof] / ufpF tyf gu/aLrsf] ljsf; k|of;sf] PsLs/0f / ;dGjodf k|efjsfl/tf cfpF5 .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodjfnLdf ePsf o;;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ lgDglnlvt 5g\M

-s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ j:tL–ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf :t/af6 Onfsf :t/ x'Fb} qmda4 ¿kdf uf]i7Lx¿sf] cfof]hgf u/L ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5 . -bkmf !(&, lgod !((_

-v_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ufpF kl/ifb\ / gu/ kl/ifb\af6 k|fKt of]hgfx¿nfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . -bkmf !(% sf] pkbkmf %–3_

-u_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ufpF kl/ifb\n] agfpg] jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ cfjZos 6]jf k'¥ofpg'kg]{5 . -bkmf @)# pkbkmf @_

2.5.3 cflhljof] / u};;sf of]hgfx? :yfgLo :t/df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf u};;x¿sf] lhNnf ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 . To;}n] oL b'O{aLr klg plrt tfnd]n / kl/k"/s ¿kdf ;dGjo sfod x'g' h?/L 5 . PsLs[t lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaLr b]xfoadf]lhd ;dGjo sfod ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf ul/Psf] 5 . -bkmf @)$_

-s_ PsLs[t lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ lhNnfleq ljleGg ;]jf / ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L tyf

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u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿aLr a}7s a;L jflif{s ljsf; of]hgfx¿aLr ;dGjo sfod ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L ;dGjo sfod ug]{ l;nl;nfdf s'g} dte]b ePdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] cfjZos dWo:ytf ug]{5 .

-v_ ;dGjofTds a}7sdf b]xfosf s'/fx¿df ;dGjo sfod ug'{kg]{5M s'g} klg If]qdf ul/g] nufgLdf bf]xf]/f]kg x6fpg] . nufgL ug]{ ;+:yfx¿aLr cfk;df kl/k"/ssf] ;dGjo sfod ug]{ . lhNnfjf;Lx¿n] clwstd nfe xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] k|ljlw ckgfpg] .

o;nfO{ sfo{ut¿kdf Jojxf/df ptfg{sf nflu cflhljof] th'{dfsf qmddf cfof]hgf ul/g] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿df ;DalGwt u};;x¿n] cf–cfˆgf]] If]qsf] tYof+s / sfo{qmd, cg'ej, gLlt Pjd\ ;f]r k|:t't ug'{kb{5 . u};;x¿ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ToIf ¿kdf lgolGqt jftfj/0fdf gkg]{ eP tfklg logLx¿sf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf k|fyldstf / tf]lsPsf] gLltut ;LdfeGbf aflx/ ghfg] u/L ;~rfng ug'{kb{5, h;n] ubf{ Pscfk;df cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo sfod ug{ ;xh x'g hfG5 . o; ;Gbe{df u};;sf] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ePsf] / ljz]]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf / a9L ldtJooL ¿kdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf If]qdf :yfgLo lgsfo / ljifout sfof{nox¿n] bf]xf]/f] sfo{qmd ;~rfng gu/L u};;x¿nfO{ g} 5fl8lbg] u/L cflhljof]df lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

2.5.4 cflhljof] / lghL If]qsf of]hgfx? lhNnf ljsf;sf] sfo{ ;/sf/L If]q (public sector) sf] Psf+sL k|of;n] dfq ;Dej 5}g . o;sf nflu cGo If]qx¿sf cltl/Qm lghL If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 . xfd|f] ;Gbe{df ;/sf/L If]q, :yfgLo lgsfo, lghL If]q / cGo lgsfo ;d]tsf] ;fem]bf/L / kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw ;lxtsf] ;fd"lxs ljsf; k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug'{ h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] lghL If]qsf] nufgL lhNnf leq cfslif{t / s]lGb|t ug]{ pko'Qm gLltut jftfj/0f tof/ u/L nufgLnfO{ pko'Qm If]qtkm{ 8f]¥ofpg] k|of; ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . lghL If]qsf] nufgL kl/rfng ug]{ ljleGg ljlwx¿ 5g\ .

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o;df k|d'v ¿kdf z]o/ nufgL / kl/rfng, BOT (Build, Operate and

Transfer) cflb kb{5g\ . o;sf nflu lhNnfn] lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf] nflu gLltut cfwf/ / k|fyldstf If]q ls6fg ul/blg'k5{ . o; ;DaGwL Joj:YfnfO{ dfly cg'R5]b @=$ df cfjlws of]hgfsf ;Ldfx¿ cGtu{t pNn]v ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

2.5.5 cflhljof] / If]qLo of]hgf b]zdf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g k4lt :yflkt eO{ lhNnf, gu/ / ufpF:t/;Dd cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog x'g nfu]sf] o; gj:yflkt Joj:yfsf ;Gbe{df /fli6«o txb]lv gu/÷ufpF tx;Ddsf] of]hgf k4ltaLr Pstf, ;dGjo / Pscfk;df cGt;{DaGw cem bl/nf] x'g'kg]{ s'/f 68\sf/f] ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df ljleGg txsf of]hgf k4lt / o;sf] ;Ldf Pjd\ cGt;{DaGwsf ljifodf cem :ki6tf cfpg' cfjZos kb{5 . o;f] ePdf ufpF, gu/, lhNnf / /fli6«o :t/aLr of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogsf nflu Pscfk;df kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw :yflkt x'g uO{ cem k|efjsfl/tf cfpF5 . o; ;DaGwdf ufpF, gu/ / lhNnfaLr :ynut ¿kdf glhssf] ;DaGw ePsf] / sfg"gL ¿kdf oL lgsfox¿sf aLrdf lgs} :ki6tf cfO;s]sf] 5 .

lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t ePsf of]hgfx¿ jflif{s ah]6df k"0f{ ¿kn] ;dfj]z x'g g;s]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{sf nflu /fli6«o tyf If]qLo of]hgfx¿;Fu cflhljof]nfO{ ;DdLng (integrate) u/fpg h?/L 5 . s'g} klg ljsf;sf] ;d:ofnfO{ lhNnfsf] b[li6sf]0f (district perspective) tyf s]Gb|sf] b[li6sf]0f (national

perspectrive) af6 x]bf{ km/s x'g ;S5 . pbfx/0ffy{ x/]s lhNnfn] ljdfg:yn jf /fhdfu{ lgdf{0f of]hgf dfu ug'{ jf klxnf] k|fyldstf tf]Sg' lhNnf:t/Lo b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm x'g ;S5 t/ s]Gb|Lo b[lisf]0faf6 x]bf{ x/]s lhNnfdf ljdfg:yn jf /fhdfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ cg'ko'Qm x'g ;S5 jf s'g} Ps lhNnfn] dfq k|fyldstf kfpg ;S5 . ctM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;nfO{ hf]8]/ /fli6«o of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ jf /fli6«o of]hgfnfO{ vl08t u/]/ cflhljof] tof/ ug{ g;lsg] x'Fbf cflhljof] / /fli6«o of]hgfaLr Pp6f s8L (link) cfjZos x'G5 . sltko b]zx¿n] :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo of]hgfsf] s8Lsf] ¿kdf If]qLo of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . /fli6«o ;fwg / ;|

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f]tnfO{ If]qLo:t/df afF8kmfF8 u/L :yfgLo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ If]qLo :t/df 5nkmnåf/f If]qLo of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / If]qLo of]hgfsf] hf]8af6 /fli6«o of]hgf th'{df ug]{, Pjd\ If]qLo of]hgfn] lbPsf] dfu{bz{g tyf lgb]{zgaf6 lhNnf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ k|lqmof ePdf ljleGg txsf] of]hgfx¿nfO{ ;DdLng u/fpg ;/n tyf ;xh x'G5 .

If]qLo cfofd (regional dimension) ePsf ljsf;sf ;jfn / ;d:ofx¿nfO{ If]qLo lx;fan] ;dfwfg ul/g' a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf o:tf ;d:ofx¿df jftfj/0fLo ;d:of, vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t ;+/If0f / pkof]u cflbnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu klg If]qLo:t/df of]hgf k4ltsf] s'g} ;femf :ynsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;}n] s]Gb|:t/sf k|ltlglwx¿, :yfgLo lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿, u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj /xg] u/L If]qLo:t/df Ps :yfoL ;femf :yn (common platform)

agfO{ ;femf ¿kdf lhNnf :t/nfO{ /fli6«o :t/;Fu tfnd]n / ;dGjo ul/g'kg]{ s'/f Ps cfjZostfsf ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu jt{dfg ;Gbe{df ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] ;'? u/]sf] If]qLo ;+hfn a}7s (regional networking

meeting) nfO{ cem ;'b[9 / ;+:yfut u/L If]qLo :t/sf] :yfoL ;femf :ynsf ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg' a9L Jofjxfl/s / pko'Qm x'g cfpF5 . o;sf nflu /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] If]qLo lgb]{zgfnon] of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL k|fljlws ljz]if1tf k|bfg ug]{, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / ljifout dGqfnox¿;Fu ;dGjodf ;xof]u ug'{sf ;fy} If]qLo :t/sf] ;lrjfnosf] e"ldsf lgefO{ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{tsf If]qLo lgb]{zgfnox¿n] cf–cfˆgf]] If]qsf :yfgLo lgsfo, u};;, lghL If]q nufot ;a} ;fem]bf/aLr ;dGjo ug]{ sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

2.6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljifox?:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ -lgod !(*–@_ df cfjlws of]hgfdf of]hgfsf] bL3{sflng nIo, p2]Zo / sfo{gLlt pNn]v u/L lhNnfsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf;'ljwf, ;|f]tkl/rfng tyf cfocfh{gsf ;Defjgf, ;/sf/L Pjd\ lghL If]qsf] nfut ;xeflutf

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nufot lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ug]{ sfd ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 .

dfly pNn]lvt sfg"gL Joj:yf adf]lhd :yfgLo :t/sf tYof+s / ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmofaf6 cflhljof]sf] of]hgf b:tfj]hnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg'kb{5 . of]hgf b:tfj]h (plan document) n] dfly pNn]lvtsf cltl/Qm of]hgfdf x'g'kg]{ cGo sltko cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿ ;d]6\g'kg]{ / To;df Ps¿ktf ;d]t cfjZos ePsfn] cflhljof]sf] of]hgf b:tfj]hsf] ljifo;"rL cg';"rL–! df lbOPsf] 5 .

of]hgf b:tfj]hsf] ljifo;"rL @ v08df ljeflht 5 . klxnf] v08sf ¿kdf tYofÍ÷;"rgf ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f (district

profile analysis) tof/ ug'{kb{5 eg] bf];|f] v08df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . of]hgf th'{dfsf] qmddf cufl8 a9\bf klxnf] r/0fdf lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tof/ u/L To;sf] ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt ;"rgfsf cfwf/df dfq efu @ cyf{t\ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tof/ ug'{kb{5 . oL v08 ! / @ s;/L tof/ ug]{ / o;df s] s] ljifoj:t' s;/L ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg]af/]df lj:t[t ljj/0f o; lgb]{lzsfsf] v08 u 3 / ª df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

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lrq g+. 1. ljleGg txsf of]hgfx?aLr cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo

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bL3{sfnLg s[lif ljsf; of]hgf -@) jif]{_

jg ljsf; u'? of]hgf -@) jif]{_

bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo of]hgf -!% jif]{_

/fli6«o bL3{sfnLg gLltx¿, j:t'ut gLlt

-h:t} lrof gLlt_ cflb

;fdflhs–cfly{s of]hgf

bL3{sfnLg ljifout

of]hgfx¿

jflif{ssfo{qmd

/fli6«o :t/ cfjlws of]hgf-s]Gb|Lo:t/_

jflif{s ah]6 tyf

sfo{qmd

ljifout of]hgfx¿

lhNnf :t/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;

of]hgf

jflif{s of]hgf

tyf sfo{qmd

gu/÷ufp“ :t/

cfjlws gu/÷ ufp“ ljsf; of]hgf

jflif{s of]hgf

tyf sfo{qmd

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof(District Periodic Plan Formulation Process)

3.1 e"ldsf /fi6«sf] ;|f]t tyf ;fwgnfO{ lglZrt ;doleq tf]lsPsf] nIo xfl;n ug{ lgolGqt tyf lgb]{lzt ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ dxz'; u/L ljut $.% bzsb]lv cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ gLltut c:q (policy tools) sf] ¿kdf of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff (concept of

development planning) n] nf]slk|otf kfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ljutdf of]hgf th'{df ubf{ d'n'ssf] eljiosf] :j¿k s:tf] x'g'kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] kl/sNkgf u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df nIo u/]/ ;'? ul/g] k|rng /x]sf] lyof] . o;k|sf/sf] of]hgf a9L s]Gb|d'vL /xg] tyf :yfgut ;d:ofx¿k|lt a9L ;+j]bgzLn gx'g] x'Fbf of]hgfnfO{ :yfgLo ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgd'vL agfpgsf nflu xfnsf jif{x¿df of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ljs]Gb|Lt ul/Psf] 5 . ljs]Gb|Lt of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf :yfgLo ;d:ofx¿sf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f u/L ljBdfg cj:yfsf] cf+sng u/]/ eljiodf xfdL sxfF k'Ug'kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] cfwf/df nIo ls6fg ul/G5 .

ctM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|f/De lhNnfsf] ljBdfg cj:yf ljZn]if0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ tYof+s ;+sng u/]/ ;'? ul/G5 . cfjZos tYof+s ;+sng ePkl5 To;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rgfdf kl/0ft ug'{k5{ . o;af6 b]lvPsf lhNnf ljsf;sf df}h'bf ;d:of / ;jfnx¿ (problems and issues) Pjd\ pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfx¿ (opportunities and potentials) sf cfwf/df ljutsf] k|j[lQ (past trend) ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cfufdL lglZrt cjlwdf lhNnfnfO{ s:tf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg] eGg] s'/fdf dl:tis dGyg u/L nIo (goal) lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . of] j:t'ut÷tYout

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3

¿kdf xfn ljBdfg cj:yfdf cfwfl/t eO{ ul/G5 . of] tl/sfn] a9L dfqfdf ljBdfg ;d:of ;dfwfg / :yfgLo txdf pknAw cj;/x¿sf] pkof]u ug{df hf]8 lbG5 .

cfljlhof] k"0f{tM :yfgut cfwf/ (spatial basis) df th'{df ul/g] of]hgf ePsfn] of] Psflt/ ljBdfg cj:yf, ljsf;sf ;d:of÷;jfnx¿ Pjd\ r'gf}tLsf cfwf/df / csf]{tkm{ :yfgLo :t/df pknAw ;Lk, Ifdtf Pjd\ cj;/ / ;Defjgfx¿df s]lGb|t eO{ cl3 a9fOg' pko'Qm x'G5 . To;}n] of]hgf th'{dfsf] k"jf{wf/sf] ¿kdf o:tf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx¿ ;d]6\g] tYof+sx¿ ;+sngaf6 of] k|lqmof ;'? x'G5 . :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;du| kIfx¿ (cfly{s, ;fdflhs cflb) / ef}lts cfofd (physical

dimension) emlNsg] u/L a9LeGbf a9L dfqfdf e/kbf]{ / ;|f]t v'n]sf] tYof+s o;sf nflu cTofjZos kb{5 . o; k4ltaf6 ul/g] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0fsf] r/0fn] lbzfaf]w ug'{sf ;fy} of]hgfsf] u'0f:t/ ;d]t oxL r/0fn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . To;}n] of] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ r/0f xf] .

of]hgf (planning) ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg;“u k|ToIf ;DalGwt ePsfn] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/L b]xfosf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ tyf JofVof vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 .

!= lhNnfsf] jt{dfg cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 < cyf{t\ xfdL clxn] sxf“ 5f}“ < xfdL s;/L cufl8 a9\b}5f} < xfd|f] cufl8 a9\g] ult s] 5 (observation of trends) <

@= xfd|f] jt{dfg cj:yf lsg / s;/L eof] (explanation of observed trends) <

#= xfd|f] jt{dfg cj:yfn] eljiodf xfdLnfO{ stf 8f]¥ofp“5 (implication of observed trends) <

$= jt{dfg l:ylt tyf ljsf; ultn] l;h{gf ug]{ eljio ck]lIft xf] jf xf]Og (whether implications are desirable or not) <

%= olb ck]lIft xf]Og eg], xfd|f] eljio s:tf] x'g'kg]{ xf] < cyf{t\ xfdL sxf“ hfg] xf] < jt{dfg ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg s] s] x'g\ (goal and objectives) <

^= xfdL nIodf s;/L k'Ug] xf] < nIodf k'Ug] j}slNks pkfox¿ s] s] 5g\ (alternative analysis) < ;jf]{Qd pkfo s] xf] <

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&= xfdL nIodf k'Uof} eGg] s;/L yfxf kfpg] (indicators) < / ;f] s;/L k|dfl0ft ug]{ (means of verification) <

dflysf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ j:t'ut ¿kdf qmdzM vf]Hb} hfFbf cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmof klg qmdzM cl3 a9\b} hfG5 . lgb]{lzsfsf] cfpFbf efux¿df dfly pNn]lvt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ s;/L vf]Hg] tyf JofVof s;/L ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] ljlw tyf tl/sfx¿sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

3.2 cflhljof] th'{dfsf dxTjk"-f{ kIfx? of]hgf eg]sf] d"ntM lglb{i6 nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿ af/] lj:t[t ¿kn] hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg (elaboration of instructions) xf] . o:tf] lgb]{zg ljutdf ul/Psf sfo{x¿sf] cg'ejaf6 k|fKt 1fg / ;"rgf (empirical information) tyf To;sf] Jojl:yt JofVof (systematic reasoning) af6 l;h{gf ul/Psf] x'G5 . ctM of]hgf k|lqmofdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf tLg kIfx¿ dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . ;"rgf (information) jx;÷5nkmn (deliberation) lgb]{zg (instruction) of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;"rgf tyf 5nkmnnfO{ s] s;/L ;d]l6Psf] 5 ;f] sf] cfwf/df of]hgfsf lgDglnlvt rf/ cj:yf x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . ;"rgf ljgf g} 5nkmn u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df lgb]{zg hf/L

ug]{ (cGt/1fgdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/planning by intuition_ 5nkmn ljgf g} ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ -

k|]/0ffdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/planning by inspiration)

;"rgf tyf ljrf/ ljdz{ ljgf g} lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ -xr'jfdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/planning by speculation)

kof{Kt ;"rgf tyf ;"rgf pk/ 5nkmn u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ (;du|tfdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/comprehensive planning)

cflhljof]n] rf}yf] cj:yf cyf{t\ ;du|tfdf cfwfl/t of]hgfnfO{ c+ufNg' k5{ . t;y{, of]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ xfdL

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sxfF 5f} < xfd|f] l:ylt s] 5 < tyf xfd|f] cl3 a9\g] ult (trend)

s:tf] 5 < eGg] s'/fsf] j:t'ut hfgsf/L cfjZos k5{ . o;sf nflu cfjZos tYof+s ;+sng u/L To;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rgf (information) df kl/0ft ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . pNn]lvt ;"rgf dfly ;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] ;xeflutfdf ljrf/ljdz{ u/L ljBdfg l:ylt / cj:yf lsg l;h{gf eof] tyf o:tf] l:ylt tyf cj:yfn] xfdLnfO{ eljiodf stf n}hfg] xf] ;f] sf] uxg ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0faf6 ljsf;sf r'gf}tLx¿ tyf cj;/x¿ lg?k0f x'g] / ;f]sf] cfwf/df xfd|f] eljio s:tf] x'g'kg]{ < tyf ;f] cj:yf k|fKt ug{ s] s:tf] gLlt jf l;4fGt cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ < eGg] ljifodf to ug'{kb{5 . ctM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf lhNnfsf] l:ylt emNsg] e/kbf{ ;"rgfx¿ x'g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf (problems and potentials) :ki6 x'g] u/L lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f (district profile analysis) ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo, gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf k|fyldstfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . dfly pNn]lvt s'/fx¿ / ltgLx¿aLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+. 1 tYof+s / of]hgfaLrsf] ;DaGwljj/0f

(Description);"rgf

(Information)

ljrf/ljdz{(Deliberation)

lgb]{zg(Instruction)

lat]sf] ;do (past time) – – –

tYof+s (statistics) – –ljZn]if)f (information) –

cg'dfg -xr'jf_ df cfwfl/t of]hgf (planning by speculation)

– –

k|]/)ffdf cfwfl/t of]hgf(planning by inspiration)

–

cGt/!fgdf cfwfl/t of]hgf (Planning by Intuition)

–

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;du|tfdf cfwfl/t lj:t[t of]hgf (comprehensive planning)

3.3 of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofof]hgf lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ b]xfoad]flhd rf/ r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . != tYof+s tyf ;"rgf ;+sng (data, information collection)

@= ;"rgf ljZn]if0f (information analysis)

#= of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df (planning and programming)

$= sfof{Gjog of]hgf (implementation design)

dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;j{k|ydtM tYof+ssf] tof/L ul/;s]kl5 To;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rgfdf kl/0ft ug'{kb{5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf k|j]z ug]{ k|d'v cfwf/ tYof+s ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf] ;"rgf xf] . o;k|sf/sf] ;"rgfdf k|d'v ¿kdf lhNnf ljsf;sf ;jfn / ;d:ofx¿, r'gf}tLx¿, pknAw cj;/ / ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ kb{5g\ . cflhljof] th'{dfsf] ;Dk"0f{ r/0f / o;sf] lj:t[t :j¿knfO{ b]xfosf lrq g+= @ df b]vfOPsf] 5 .

lrq g+. 2. of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof

tYof+s, ;"rgf ;+sng

(Data, Information Collection)

;"rgf ljZn]if)f

(Information Analysis)

of]hgf / sfo{qmd

th'{df (Planning &

Programming)

-nIo, p@]Zo / glthfx? lgwf{/)f_

sfof{Gjog of]hgf

(Implementation Design)

-;+:yfut Joj:yf, ljsf; Joj:yfkg,

cg'udg¿d"Nof+sg_

(31)

dfly b]vfOPem} of]hgf th'{df lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . of] k|lqmofdf Pskl5 csf]{ r/0f cfk;df cGoGt lgs6 ¿kdf cfa4 /x]sf] 5 . ljZn]if0faf6 of] k|lqmof z'? eO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cl3 al9/xG5 .

3.4 cjnDjg ul/Psf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?of] lgb]{lzsfsf k|fjwfgx? d"nt gjf}+ of]hgfdf lnOPsf gLltut Joj:yf Pj+ k|rlnt sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . lgb]{lzsf tof/ ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf tYox¿nfO{ x[bo+ud ul/Psf] 5 . ;du| lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf

(lead role) /x]sf] 5 . k|efjsf/L of]hgf th'\{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf

d"Nof+sgsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut bIftf clej[l4 ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . o; kl/k|]Ifdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf klg lh= lj= ;= sf ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?n] g} cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kb{5 . ge} gx'g] cj:yfdf / k|fljlws ljifodf dfq jfx\o k/fdz{ ;]jf lng' kb{5 . oxf+g]/ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] k/fdz{ ;]jf k|fKt u/]sf jvt klg ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?sf] e"ldsf uf}0f geO{ cu|0fL g} /xg' kb{5 .

of]hgf th'{sf qmddf k|fljlws kIf / ;xeflutfTds k|lqmofaLrsf] plrt ;lDd>0f / ;Gt'ng cfjZos 5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf vf;u/L lhNnf txdf of]hgf th'{df, gLlt lgdf{0f, ;dGjo, cg'udg / d"Nof+sgdf s]lGb|t (focus) /xg' kb{5 . sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L ljz]if1tf k|fKt u/]sf ;+3 ;+:yf (specialized agency) x?nfO{ lbOg' kb{5 .

of]hgf th'{sf ubf{ ;s];Dd c? dflysf] k/ lge{/tf qmdz sd ub}{ n}hfg'kb{5 .

(32)

lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f tyf ljZn]if-f(District Profile Analysis)

4.1 e"ldsflhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;sf nflu lhNnfdf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]q nufot gful/s ;dfh / bft[ ;+:yfx¿ sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} lgsfox¿sf] ljsf; k|of;x¿nfO{ lglb{i6 p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_ n] lgb]{zg, ;dGjo tyf kyk|bz{g ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM ax'ljifout d'2fx¿ (multi-sectoral issues) sf] lj:t[t ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f u/L ax'ljifout PsLs[t ljsf; of]hgf (multi-sectoral integrated development

plan) sf ¿kdf cflhljof]sf] th'{df ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf of] k|lqmof hl6n, ;donfUbf] tyf vlr{nf] ;d]t x'g ;S5 .

ljifout tyf If]qut ;d:of (sectoral and regional problem) sf] hl6ntfnfO{ x]bf{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿df Jofks 5nkmn u/fO{ k|lqmofut 9fFrf (process orientation) af6 dfq cflhljof]sf] th'{df ug]{ xf] eg] ljifout If]qsf] uxg ljZn]if0f gx'g], of]hgf a9L dxTjfsf+IfL eO{ tTsfnLg ;d:of ;dfwfgd'vL tyf a9L ef}lts k"jf{wf/d'vL x'g], of]hgfsf] lj:tfl/t vfsf lgsfNg a9L ;do nfUg]h:tf sdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvg ;S5 . ljz]if1x¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf dfq cflhljof]sf] th'{df (technical orientation) ubf{ of] a9L l;4fGtd'vL x'g], :yfgLo rfxgfeGbf 6f9f x'g], cfˆgf]kg (ownership) sf] efjgf sd x'g] h:tf sdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvg ;S5g\ . ctM k|lqmofut tyf ljz]if1tf b'j}sf] pko'Qm ;lDd>0faf6 cflhljof]sf] th'{df ug{ cfjZos 5 . of] lgb]{lzsfdf oL b'j}sf] pko'Qm ;lDd>0fsf cfwf/df cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ lglb{i6 ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ tnsf] tflnsfn] :ki6 ub{5 .

(33)

4

tflnsf g+. 2 ;xeflutfd"ns k$lt / k|fljlws kIf aLrsf] ;Gt'lnt lqmofsnfk

(34)

of]hgfsf/÷k|fljlws kIfsf]

e"ldsf-ljifout sfof{no

nufot_ljleGg >f]taf^

tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if)f

ljsf;sf ;d:of¿ ;jfnx?sf] ljZn]if)f

ljsf;sf cj;/¿ ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg / ljZn]if)f

ljZn]if)fsf] k|ltj]bg tof/L

k|:t'lt, %nkmn / cBfjlws

of]hgf k|lqmof;d'bfo tyf nfeu|fxLsf]

e"ldsf-;xeflutfd"ns

k4lt_

tYof+s ;+sngdf rf;f] / ;xof]u

k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g], of]hgf af^ k|efljt x'g] ;d"x (interest group) sf] klxrfg

hg;Dks{sf] qmddf ;lqmo ;xefuL eO{ ;xof]u

of]hgfsf/sf] wf/)ffdf l^sf l^Kk)fL¿;'emfj

ljsf;df k|efj kfg]{ tTjx? (dev't variables) sf] k|If]k)f h:t}–hg;+Vof, /f]huf/L cflb

j}slNks ljsf;sf] kl/b[io tof/L (alternative dev't scenarios)

nIo / p@]Zox?sf] k|:tfj tof/L

lg)f{ostf{ / ;d'bfo ;dIf lg)f{ofy{ k|:t'lt

eljiosf] kl/b[io (prospects) df l^sf l^Kk)fL / ;'emfj lbg]

bL#{sflng ;f]r lgdf{)f

lhNnf ljsf;sf cj;/¿ ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg

of]hgfsf/af^ k|:t't nIo / p@]Zox? dfly %nkmn, :jLsf/¿c:jLsf/ ug]{ jf ;'emfj lbg]

df}h'bf sl&gfO{, ;d:of / ;Defjgfsf cfwf/df ljifout nIo / p@]Zox?sf] tof/L

of]hgf / sfo{qmd th'{df

k|:tfjsf ?kdf ;d'bfo / lg)f{ostf{ ;dIf k|:t'lt

nIo, p@]Zo, / sfo{qmdx? ;lxtsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj dfly %nkmn

;+zf]wg, :jLsf/ jf

c:jLsf/k|d'v sfo{qmd / kl/of]hgfsf] k|fyldstfsf] qmd tof/L

nufgL of]hgf tof/Lsfof{Gjog / cg'udgd"Nof+sg / k'gof]

{hgf

sfo{qmd / kl/of]hgf :jLs[lt / ah]^ Joj:yf

lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ u/fpg]

cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg / ljj]rgf

k|ult, ;dLIff, ;'emfj / lgb]{zg

ljZn]if0f

(Analysis)

a[xt\ b[li6sf]

0f lgdf{0f(Prospect

s)

of]hgf / sfo{qm

d th'{df

(Planning & Programming

)sfof{Gjog /

Joj:yfkg(Implementa

tion & Mgmt.)

4.2 k"j{tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i&Lcflhljof] th'{df ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfaLr cfk;L ;/;Nnfx, ;dembf/L sfod u/L s] s;/L of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] xf] ;f]sf] nflu k"j{of]hgf tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{k5{ . o;sf] p2]Zox¿, k|lqmof, ;xefuL ;+Vof / o; ;DjlGw lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr–@ df lbOPsf] 5 . o; uf]li7af6 cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm cflhljof] tof/Lsf nflu sfo{of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{5 . o;sf] gd"gf cg';"rL–# df lbOPsf] 5 .

4.3 tYof+s ;+sng tyf ljZn]if-fcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] k|f/De ;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . o; ;Gbe{df lhNnfsf] ljBdfg cj:yf s:tf] 5 < lhNnfsf] ;f] cj:yf lsg / s;/L eof] tyf o:tf] cj:yfn] eljiodf lhNnfnfO{ stf k'¥ofpF5 eGg] k|Zgx¿sf] :ki6 ¿kn] pQ/ vf]Hg' kb{5 . of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof / tYof+s ;+sng Jojl:yt tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ tf}/tl/sfx¿ tnsf kl/R5]bx¿df JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnfsf ljljw ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf] vf]hL ug{ tyf ;Lldt ;|f]t tyf pknAw ;fwgx¿sf] ;jf]{Qd pkof]u ug{sf nflu lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;antfsf] uxg ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . Ps jf b'O{ lbgsf] ;xeflutfTds sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 ;d:of tyf ;antf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ of] k|lqmofdf hfg'cl3 ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] lhNnfsf] xfnsf] l:ylt / ljsf; k|j[lQ (development

trend) nfO{ cfˆg} txaf6 ;dLIff Pjd\ ljZn]if0f u/L k|fKt glthf -;d:of tyf ;antf_ nfO{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf k|:t't ubf{ lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;antf ljZn]if0fdf k|efjsfl/tf cfpg] x'G5 . ctM ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] cf–cfˆgf]] ljifoIf]qdf cufl8 cg'R5]b #=! df pNn]lvt a'Fbf !, @, # / $ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ tyf JofVof vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu k|To]s ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] b'O{ r/0fdf ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 . cfjZos k/]df lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if0fsf nflu ljz]if1sf] ;]jf ;d]t lng ;lsG5 .

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k|f/lDes ljifout ljZn]if0f (Preliminary Sectoral Analysis)

lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f (Detailed Studies & District Analysis)

4.3.1 k|f/lDes ljifout ljZn]if-f k|To]s ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] cf–cfk\mgf]] ljifout If]qsf] slDtdf ljut % jif{sf] cjlwdf sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] gLlt, /0fgLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf] cfDbfgL vr{ nufotsf] n]vfhf]vf tyf k|ult ;dLIff ug'{kg]{ / d'Vod'Vo ljsf; ;"rsx¿ lgwf{/0f u/L Tof] % jif{sf] cjlwdf lhNnf ljsf;sf ;"rsx¿df cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf] ljj]rgf, JofVof / j0f{g ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] nflu ;ldltx¿n] lhNnfdf cfkm"n] u/]sf cWoog cg';Gwfg, sfof{no clen]v, :yfgLo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k|sfzgx¿ ;d]taf6 tYof+sx¿ ;+sng u/L k|f/lDes ljifout ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o; ljZn]if0fsf nflu ljifout sfof{nosf tyf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf k|d'vx¿n] ljz]if1sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ . o;k|sf/ k|f/lDes ljZn]if0faf6 lhNnfsf ;d:ofx¿, k|d'v ljsf; d'2fx¿, lhNnfsf] ljlzi6Ls/0f (specialization) tyf :yfgLo txdf pknAw ;fwg ;|f]t Pjd\ ;antfx¿ (potentials) tYout¿kdf emNsg]5g\ . o;sf ;fy} pknAw gePsf t/ cfjZos kg]{ yk tYof+sx¿ ;d]t s] s] /x]5g\ eGg] ;d]t kQf nfUg] 5g\ (data gaps) . ;fy} o;af6 cflhljof] th'{dfsf nflu tYof+sx¿ s'g tx;Ddsf] cfjZos kg]{ x'G5 ;f] ;d]t lgSof]{n x'G5 -h:t}M lhNnf:t/, Onfsf:t/, lgjf{rg If]q:t/, gu/:t/, ufpF:t/, j8f:t/, j:tL:t/ cflb_ .

k|f/lDes ljZn]if0f ubf{ cfjZos kg{ ;Sg] ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/df cfjZos kg]{ tYof+sx¿sf] ;"rL (checklist) cg';"rL–$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltx¿n] of] ;"rLdfly 5nkmn u/L yk36 ug]{, cfjZos kg]{ ;"rsx¿ 5gf}6 ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} n}+lus lx;fan] ;d]t cnu cnu tYof+sx¿ lng'k5{ .

4.3.2 lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if-f k|f/lDes ljZn]if0faf6 ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgf tyf cfjZos tYof+sx¿ kQf nfUg]5g\ . ;fy} o;af6 lj:t[t cWoog ug]{ If]qx¿ ;d]t klxrfg x'g]5g\ . of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] ;"rgfsf] dxTj, lhNnfsf] Ifdtf, ;dosf] pknAwtf tyf ;fwg;|f]t ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if0fsf] sfo{ ug'{kg]{5 .

(36)

k|f/lDes tyf lj:t[t ljZn]if0fdf # dlxgfeGbf a9L ;do lbg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g . ljZn]if0fsf] glthfnfO{ pNn]lvt cflhljof]sf] ljifo;"rL -cg';"rL–! df pNn]lvt_ sf] efu ! df pNn]lvt lzif{s, pkzLif{sdf lnlka4 ug'{kb{5 .

4.3.3 tYof+s tyf ;"rgfsf] ljv-*glhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ;"rgf tyf tYof+sn] lhNnfsf] a[xt\ j:t'l:ylt lrq0f u5{ t/ lhNnf leq ljleGg If]qsf] t'ngfTds ljZn]if0fsf] nflu ;"rgf tyf tYof+snfO{ Onfsf txdf ljv08g ug'{ kg]{5 . lhNnf leqsf] ljleGg ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿aLr t'ngf u/L :yfgut (spatial) nIf tyf sfo{qmd 5gf}6 ug{ tyf :yfgut ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ d2t k'Ug] x'G5 .

4.4 lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if-fdf ;dfj]z x'g] ljifox?sf] ?k/]vfljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df of]hgfsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo ls6fg ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf ljZn]if0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfnfO{ 5'§f5'§} b'O{ efudf k|:t't ug'{k5{ . klxnf] efudf lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f÷ ljZn]if0f k|:t't ug'{k5{ . of] efu cflhljof]sf] cfwf/ (basis of the plan) xf] . o;df lhNnf tyf lhNnfleqsf If]qx¿ tyf ljifox¿sf] lj:t[t lrq0f (comprehensive characterization) ul/G5 . bf];|f] efu d"ntM of]hgf b:tfj]h xf] . cflhljof]sf] b:tfj]hsf] efu ! sf] ¿kdf tof/ x'g] lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fdf tn pNn]lvt ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . oL ljifox¿sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ oyf;Dej lhNnfsf] ljleGg Onfsf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt If]q÷gu/kflnsf If]q jf lgjf{rg If]q tx;Ddsf] tYof+s tyf ;"rgfnfO{ n}+lus lx;fa -dlxnf / k'?ifsf] 5'§f5'§} afnaflnsf, k|f}9, j[4 cflb_ n] 6'qm\ofpg ;lsof] (disaggregation) eg] ljZn]if0f a9L cy{k"0f{ x'G5 . ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu of] cToGt h?/L 5 . ljZn]if0fsf] qmddf gSzfx¿sf] pkof]u a9LeGbf a9L ug'{kb{5 . pknAw tYof+s ;s];Dd gS;fdf c+lst ug'{k5{ . o;df ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf gS;fx¿ a9L pkof]uL x'G5g\ . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodn] ;d]t of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ;|f]t gS;f / j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{ egL lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 . -cg'R5]b @=@v_

4.4.1 lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns tyf ef}lts l:ylt lrq-f (District Geo-Physical Characteristics)

(37)

o; lzif{sdf lhNnf tyf lhNnfleqsf] gu/kflnsf÷ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷Onfsf÷lgjf{rg If]qut k|fs[lts :j¿k (natural features)

sf] j0f{g ;fGble{s gSzf (relevant maps) sf] d2tn] ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf tyf cGtu{tsf If]qsf] If]qkmn, cjl:ylt (location), :yn¿k (topography), df6f]sf] ljz]iftf (soil characteristics), hnjfo' tyf hne08f/ (hydrology) tyf kof{j/0fLo :j¿k (ecological features) sf] ;ª\lIfKt ¿kdf rrf{ ug'{k5{ . lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns tyf ef}lts lrq0fsf] pk;+xf/ (conclusion) df lhNnfsf] e"–ef}lts l:yltn] ;[hgf u/]sf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgffx¿sf] ;ª\If]kdf j0f{g (summary of

findings) ug'{kb{5 .

4.4.2 hg;ª\Vof ljj/-f tyf k|If]k-f (Population Profile and Projections)

o; lzif{scGtu{t hg;ª\Vof tyf a;fOF;/fO ;DaGwL ljj/0f lhNnf tyf lhNnfleqsf] gu/kflnsf÷ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfsf tyf lgjf{rg If]qut ¿kdf ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ljutdf ul/Psf] hgu0fgf tyf lhNnfdf ;ª\slnt hg;ª\Vof ljt/0fsf] t'ngfTds cWoogaf6 hg;ª\Vof j[l4;DaGwL ljutsf] k|j[lQ (past trends) tyf eljiosf] j[l4 (future growth) sf] ljZn]if0f u/L % jif{sf] hg;ª\Vofsf] k|If]k0f ug'{kb{5 . hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL xfnsf] l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDglnlvt ;"rgfx¿ pNn]v ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . != cfsf/ (size) – s"n hg;+Vof@= j[l4b/ (growth rate)

#= hg;ª\Vofsf] cjoj ljZn]if0f (component analysis)

#=! k|hgg (fertility)

#=@ hGd (birth)

#=# d[To' (death)

#=$ a;fOF;/fO (in-and out-migration)

$= hg;ª\Vofsf] agfj6 (composition of population)

– pd]/ (age)

– lnª\u (sex)

– pd]/ ;d"x (age cohorts) h:t} lzz', afnaflnsf, k|fylds÷dfWolds÷pRr dfWolds ljBfno hfg] ljBfyL{ ;d"x÷o'jf÷>dzlQm cflb .

%= hg;ª\Vof ljt/0f (distribution of population)

(38)

%=! zx/L tyf u|fdL0f (urban and rural)

%=@ ef}uf]lns ljt/0f (geographic concentration)

– hg3gTj÷3gfa:tL÷zx/Ls/0f– wd{, hghflt tyf efiff

%=# j:tLx¿ (settlements)

lhNnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] j[l4b/af6 lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof slt cjlwdf bf]Aa/ x'G5 eGg] s'/f b]xfosf] ;"qaf6 lgsfNg ;lsG5 .

hg;+Vof bf]Aa/ x'g] cjlw -jif{df_ Ö

^(jflif{s hg;+Vof

j[l4b/

hg;ª\Vof ;DaGwL ljZn]if0fsf] pk;+xf/ (conclusion) df o; If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf ;antfsf] ;ª\lIfKt ljj/0f (summary of findings)

pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .

4.4.3 e"–pkof]u (Land Use)

o; lzif{scGtu{t lhNnfleqsf] e"ldsf] pkof]usf] d"Nof+sg, ljleGg lsl;dsf] e"–pkof]u gSzfsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{5 . ljBdfg e"–pkof]usf] ljZn]if0faf6 pko'Qm Joj:yfkg tyf ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ e"ld tyf ;|f]tx¿sf] klxrfg x'g]5 . e"–pkof]usf] d"Nof+sgsf nflu lgDgadf]lhdsf] gSzf tyf ;"rgfsf] ;[hgf ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .

e"juL{s/-f gS;f (Land Classification Maps)

lhNnfleqsf] e"efunfO{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfcg';f/ b]xfosf] ju{df s] slt If]qkmn /x]sf] 5 ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;+sng u/L gS;fdf b]vfpg'kg]{5 .

-s_ jg If]q (Forest Land)

s=! ;'/lIft jg (forest reserves)

s=@ kfs{ (parks)

s=# ;fd'bflos jg (community forest)

s=$hnLo If]q/water bodies -kf]v/L, tfn, gbL_s=% zfxL;]gf If]q (royal army reserves)

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s=^ gful/s If]q (civil reserves)

s=& r/g If]q (grasslands)

s=* cglws[t pkof]u If]q (illegally occupied areas)

s=( JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jg -lghL jg_ s=!) sj'lnotL jg -lnh jg_

-v_ jgaflx/sf] If]q (Alienable and Disposable Land)

v=! JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] tyf ;+:yf jf ;/sf/L lgsfon] pkof]u u/]sf If]q (titled land)

v=!=! s[lif (agricultural)

v=!=@ a;f]af; (residential)

v=!=# cf}Bf]lus (industrial)

v=!=$ df5fkf]v/L (fish ponds)

v=!=% r/g (pasture land)

v=!=^ afFemf] (idle)

v=!=& cGo (others)

v=@ P]nfgL If]q (untitled land)

v=@=! ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] nflu v'nf If]q tyf kfs{ (open space)

v=@=@ cglws[t pkof]u If]q (illegally occupied areas)

v=@=# v]nd}bfg (playing field)

v=@=$r/g (pasture land)

v=@=% afFemf] (idle) v=@=^ 3f6 -bfx;+:sf/ ug]{ 7fpF_

le/fnf]kg gSzf (Slope Map)

hldgsf] le/fnf]kg hlt a9L x'G5 e"–Ifosf] ;Defjgf Tolt g} a9L x'G5 . hldgsf] le/fnf]kgcg';f/ e"–pkof]unfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos /xG5 . kof{j/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] !*Ü ;Ddsf] le/fnf]kg hldgdf -() l8u|LnfO{ zt k|ltzt le/fnf]kg dfGbf_ Go"gtd e"–Ifo (soil erosion) x'g] tYonfO{ b[li6ut u/L sltko d'n'sn] !*Ü eGbf dflysf] le/fnf]kg hldgsf] e"–pkof]unfO{ lgoGq0f u/]sf] tyf %)Ü eGbf dflysf] le/fnf] hldgnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] ;+/lIft e"dL (protected land) sf] ¿kdf /fv]sf] kfOG5 . lhNnfsf] e"ldsf] le/fnf]kg tyf e"–pkof]unfO{ t'ngf u/L e"–pkof]u åGå (land use conflit)

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nfO{ klxrfg ug{ b]xfoadf]lhd ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] 5'§f5'§} ¿kdf le/fnf]kg tYof+s tyf gSzf tof/ ubf{ ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;xhtf cfpg]5 .

tflnsf g+. 3 le/fnf]kg juL{s/-f ug]}{ cfwf/

le/fnf]kg

Slope range %

ljj/0f Description

If]qkmn x]= jf ju{ ls=ld=df

-ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] gfd_

lhNnfsf] s"n If]qkmn1 2 3 4

0–3 nueu;Dd k/]sf] e"ld Level to nearly level

3–8clncln ptf/r(fj ePsf] e"ldGentle sloping to undulating

8–18 a(L ptf/r(fj ePsf] Undulating to rolling

18–30 dWod le/fnf]kg ePsf] Rolling to moderately steep

30–50 le/fnf] kxf*L If]q Steep hills & mountains

50 k|ltzt

eGbf a(L

clt le/fnf] If]q Very steep hills and mountains

lhNnfsf] contour gSzf pknAw ePsf] v08df le/fnf]kg gSzf tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . contour line k|To]s !)) ld6/ prfO (verticle) sf] nflu lvlrg] x'Fbf b'O{ contour line sf] aLrsf] b'/L (horizontal)

nfO{ :s]nn] gfkL !)) ld6/nfO{ efu u/]/ le/fnf]kg lgsfNg ;lsG5 . (tan = p/b)

le/fnf]kg (slope)-l8u|Ldf_ =

prfO (verticle) = !)) ld6/b'O{ sG6'/nfOgaLrsf] b'/L ld6/df (horizontal)

s[lif pkof]u gSzf (Agricultural Land Use Map)

s[lifn] dfgjsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ x'Fbf s[lif pTkfbg clej[l4sf] nflu l;+rfO tyf cGo s[lif k"jf{wf/df 7"nf] nufgL eO/x]sf] x'G5 eg] ljsf;sf] qmddf cGo pkof]usf nflu e"ldsf] a9\bf] dfunfO{ klg s[lif e"ldn] k"/f ul//x]sf] x'G5 .

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d'n'snfO{ vfBfGg pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/ agfpgsf nflu sltko d'n'sn] s[lif e"ldnfO{ juL{s/0f u/L cGo pkof]udf hfg glbg] u/L lgoGq0f tyf k|ltaGw;d]t nufOPsf] kfOG5 . l;+rfO ;'ljwf k'u]sf] tyf l;+rfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg ;lsg] wgx/ v]tnfO{ cGo pkof]udf hfg glbg] u/L /f]Sg'kg]{ tyf cGo v]tx¿nfO{ ljleGg txsf] lgoGq0f (highly/moderately/conditionally

restricted) u/L s[life"ldsf] If]qkmnnfO{ 36\gaf6 /f]Sg clt cfjZos klg 5 . ctM lhNnfleq s[lif e"–pkof]udf eO/x]sf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] jt{dfg e"–pkof]usf] clen]v /fvL lat]sf] cjlwsf] e"–pkof]u;DaGwL ljj/0f cGtjf{tf{ ljlwaf6 tof/ u/L e"–pkof]u ;d:ofsf] lrq0f ug'{ cfjZos kb{5 .

tflnsf g+. 4 s[lif e"–pkof]u lsl;d (Agriculture Land Use Type)

ljj/0f -b'O{ jfnL x'g]df Ps jfnL pNn]v

ePkl5 csf]{ afnL pNn]v gug]{_

s[lif e"ldsf] If]qkmn

uflj; -s_

uflj; -v_

g=kf=-s_

=======

s"n If]qkmn

1= afnL If]q 1=1 wgx/ v]t (rice field)

;dy/ e"ld (plain land) 1=1=1 l;+lrt -s'nf],

gx/ nfUg]_1=1=2 cl;+lrt -

jiff{tdf e/ kg'{kg]{_ kxf*L e"ld (high land) 1=1=3 u/f (terrace)

– l;+lrt– cl;+lrt

1,1,4 cGo 1=2 ds}1=3 sf]bf]1=4 kmfk/¿hf}1=5 cGo vfBafnL 1=6 gub] afnL

1=6=1 pv'1=6=2 ;"tL{ 1=6=3 skf;

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1=6=4 ;"o{d'vL1=6=5 cGo

2= kmnkm"n 1=2=3=

3= t/sf/L

jftfj/-f ;+j]bgzLn If]q gSzf(Maps showing environmentally constrained areas)

b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ;"rgf ;+sng u/L ;f] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df jftfj/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] If]q tyf ;f] If]qdf eO/x]sf] dfgj ultljlw tyf j:tLljsf;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] j0f{g ug{ cfjZos 5 . jftfj/0fLo ;+j]bg If]qnfO{ cTolws, dWod tyf Go"g (severely, moderately, slightly_ u/L tLg k|sf/df juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

!= af9Laf6 k|efljt If]q, 8'afg If]q @= e"–Ifo klx/f]af6 k|efljt If]q jf e"–Ifo÷klx/f]

hfg ;Sg] If]q #= cGo b}jLk|sf]k 36gf x'g ;Sg] If]q -lxdgbL÷tfn

km'6\g]_$= e'FOrfnf]af6 k|efljt x'g ;Sg] If]q

zx/L e"–pkof]u gSzf (Urban Land Use Maps)

j:tLx¿sf] cfsf/ tyf 3gTj a9\b} hfFbf To;n] ljleGg ;d:ofx¿ ;d]t lgDTofpF5 . zx/L ljsf;nfO{ oyf;dodf g} lgof]hg (planning) ul/Pg eg] zx/L ;d:of emg\ emg\ hl6n x'Fb} hfG5 . gu/jf;Ldf k|b'if0fsf] k|efj sd ug{ pBf]ux¿nfO{ k|b'if0f ug]{ tyf gug]{ u/L b'O{ ju{df ljeQm u/L ltgLx¿sf] :yfkgf lglZrt :ynx¿df ug]{Ù Jofkfl/s :ynx¿df dfgj tyf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk cTolws x'g] ePsfn] tL :ynx¿df ;8s km/flsnf] /fVg'kg]{Ù oftfoft, kfls{ª\ tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿ ;d]t ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf lglZrt :ynx¿nfO{ Jofkfl/s If]qsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug'{kg]{Ù j:tLsf] 3gTj a9\b} hfFbf v'nf 7fpF (open space) tyf v]n d}bfgx¿sf] dfu a9\b} hfg] ePsf]n] j:tLsf] cfsf/ x]/L v'nf 7fpF tyf v]n d}bfgsf] nflu lglZrt If]qx¿ 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ tyf

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cfjf;Lo If]qdf hg3gTjsf] cfwf/df ljleGg ;'ljwfx¿ h'6fpg'kg]{ ePsf]n] cTolws, dWod tyf Go"g 3gTj ePsf] cfjf;Lo If]qsf] juL{s/0f u/L lglZrt :ynx¿ cfjf;Lo If]qsf] ¿kdf 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu sltko d'n'sx¿df zx/L e"–pkof]u of]hgf (urban land use planning) sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] kfOG5 . zx/L pkof]usf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] e"ld pkof]usf] cfjZostf /xG5 .

hdLgsf] k|of]u k|ltzt cfjf;Lo (residential) –

%)Ü Jofkfl/s (commercial)

– !)Ü cf}Bf]lus (industrial)

– %Ü ;+:yfut (institutional)

– %Ü v'nf If]q tyf cGo (open space & others) – #)Ü

s"n !))Ü

Jofkfl/s tyf v'nf If]qsf] ljsf;n] zx/L If]qsf] ;'Gb/tf tyf cfsif{0fdf clej[l4 ug]{ ePsf]n] Jofkfl/s If]q tyf v'nf If]qsf] ;[hgf tyf ljsf;df :yfgLo lgsfox¿n] k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{ x'G5 . ljZj vfB ;ª\u7gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :t/ (FAO standard)

cg';f/ k|lt !))) hg;ª\Vofsf] nflu )=% b]lv # x]S6/;Ddsf] v'nf 7fpF cfjZos k5{ .

:yfgLo ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df e"–pkof]u of]hgf dxTjk"0f{ ePsfn] g} :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfx¿n] cf–cfˆgf]] If]qsf] e"–pkof]u of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . gu/kflnsfx¿ tyf %,))) eGbf a9L hg;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf Pp6f l;ª\uf] j:tL (nucleated settlement)

ePsf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿sf nflu b]xfosf] e"–pkof]u If]qsf] If]qkmn v'Ng] u/L gSzf tof/ u/L zx/L e"–pkof]usf] ;d:of tyf ;antfsf] j0f{g ug'{kb{5 .

!= cfjf;Lo If]q (residential zones)

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– Go"g 3gTj (low density)

– dWod 3gTj (medium density)

– pRr 3gTj (high density)

@= Jofkfl/s If]q (commercial zones)

– ;fgf] (minor)

– k|d'v (major)

– 7"nf] s]Gb| (matropolitan malls)

#= cf}Bf]lus If]q (industrial zones)

– k|b'if0f/lxt÷vt/fo'Qm (light/non-pollutive/non hazardous)

– k|b'if0fo'Qm÷vt/fhgs (medium/pollutive/hazardous)

$= kfs{ tyf dgf]/~hg If]q (parks and recreation zones)

%= z}lIfs If]q (educational zones): -dfWolds ljBfno / ;f]eGbf dflysf_

^= ;+:yfut (institutional) If]q&= kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng / yfGsf] nufpg] If]q (solid waste disposal

areas)

dfly pNn]v ul/Psf ;a}k|sf/sf e"–pkof]u gSzf tyf ;"rgfx¿sf cfwf/df lhNnfleqsf] e"–pkof]u;DaGwL ;d:of, e"dL aLrsf] åGå tyf ;an kIfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 .

4.4.4 zx/Ls/-f tyf j:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k (Urbanization and Settlement Pattern)

o; lzif{scGtu{t lhNnf leq zx/Ls/0f tyf j:tLljsf;sf] :j¿ksf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 . lhNnfleq hg;ª\Vof s] slt j:tLdf 5l/P/ /x]sf] 5 < j:tLsf] cfsf/ s:tf] 5 < 7"nf, demf}nf tyf ;fgf j:tLx¿ s] slt b"/Ldf cjl:yt 5g\ < s'gs'g j:tLx¿n] ahf/ s]Gb| tyf ljleGg ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ s]Gb| (market centers/service centers) sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf 5g\ eGg] ;DaGwL ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] nflu j:tL ljZn]if0f ug]{ s]xL cf}hf/x¿ (settlement pattern

analysis/scalogram analysis) sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . j:tL ljZn]if0fsf nflu j:tLx¿sf] ;"rL (inventory) tof/ ubf{ ;a}eGbf klxn] d"n j:tLx¿ (nucleated settlement) klxrfg u/L d"n j:tLsf] ! lsnf]ld6/ kl/lwdf /x]sf cGo j:tLx¿nfO{ Pp6} j:tL dfg]/ j:tLsf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{kb{5 . ;"rLs[t j:tLx¿nfO{ hg;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df ^

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txdf juL{s[t ug'{k5{ . j:tLx¿nfO{ zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ / ltgLx¿nfO{ 7"nf], dWod, ;fgf] jf clt ;fgf]df juL{s/0f ug'{k5{ . sltko 3f]lift gu/kflnsfx¿nfO{ zx/L If]q eGg g;lsg] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf sltko j:tLx¿n] zx/L If]qsf] :j¿k lnO;s]sf] 5 . tyflk ljZn]if0fsf] qmddf gu/kflnsfx¿nfO{ xfnsf] Joj:yf cg'¿k zx/L If]qsf] ¿kdf juL{s[t ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . j:tLx¿nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ljleGg cfsf/df juL{s/0f ug{ ;'emfj ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+. 5 j:tLx?sf] juL{s/-f

tx/Rankhg;ª\Vof

t/fO If]q kxf8L If]q lxdfnL If]qzx/L If]q &"nf] 2 nfveGbf

a(L2 nfveGbf

a(L2 nfveGbf

a(L(Urban) dWod 50,000–2

nfv50,000–2

nfv 50,000–2 nfv

;fgf] 20,000 – 50,000

20,000 – 50,000

20,000 – 50,000

u|fdL)f &"nf] 5,000 – 20,000

2,500 – 20,000

2,000 – 20,000

(Rural) dWod 2,500 – 5,000

1,000 – 2,500 500 – 2,000

;fgf] 1,000 – 2,500 500 – 1,000 100 – 500

clt ;fgf] 1000 eGbf sd 500 eGbf sd 100 eGbf sd

;|f]tM ESCAP sf] Guidelines for Rural Center Planning / :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] cfwf/df tof/ u/]sf] .

j:tLsf] cfsf/ tyf k|sf/cg';f/ j:tLx¿df cfly{s ultljlw s]Gb|Lt /xg] tyf cfˆgf]] jl/kl/sf] If]q (hinter land) df ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿ k|bfg ug]{ x'Fbf j:tLx¿sf] juL{s/0fkZrft\ ahf/ tyf ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf /x]sf a:tLx¿ klxrfg u/L tL j:tLx¿df lgDgadf]lhdsf ;]jf÷;'ljwf tyf ;+:yfx¿ s] slt ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf] 5 ;f] olsg ug'{kb{5 .

tflnsf g+. 6 j:tL juL{s/-fsf nflu cfwf/sf ?kdf lnOg] ;]jfsf] lsl;d / k|sf/

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;]jfsf] lsl;dCategory

;]jfsf] k|sf/ (Functions)

-;ª\Vofdf_;fdflhs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfSocial Services and Facilities

1= dfWolds ljBfno 2= SofDk;¿10

± 23= ljZjljBfno 4=

Jofj;flos :s"n5= c:ktfn 6=

:jf:Yo s]Gb|7= :jf:Yo rf}sL 8=

:jf:Yo pkrf}sL9= lghL lSnlgs -

*fS^/ ePsf]_ 10= cf}iflw k;n

11= sDKo'^/ k|lzIf)f s]Gb| 12= cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwfno

oftfoft tyf ;~rf/ ;'ljwfTransport and Communication Services & Facilities

1= ^]lnkmf]g j'y¿PCO

2= a; :^k3= x'nfs #/4= s'l/o/ ;le{;

k"jf{wf/ tyf dd{t ;]jf ;'ljwfInfrastructure and Maintainance Services

1= kfOkaf^ #/#/df kfgL ljt/)f k|)ffnL (Piped Water System)

2= lgdf{)f;fdu|L ljqmL k;n3= ljB't\ cfk"lt{ 4= uf*L dd{t k;n5= /lhi^*{ lgdf{)f ;]jf tyf &]s]bf/

dgf]/~hg ultljlwRecreational Activities

1= l;g]df xn, lyP^/2= kfs{3= v]nd}bfg (indoor stadium) cflb

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;]jfsf] lsl;dCategory

;]jfsf] k|sf/ (Functions)

-;ª\Vofdf_cfly{s ultljlw Economic Activities

1= s[lif ;fdu|L ljqmL k;n2= yf]s ;fdu|L ljqmL k;n3= sk*f k;n4= ls/fgf k;n5= xf]^n tyf /]i^'/])^ -lrofk;n afx]s_6= #/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u7= demf}nf tyf &"nf pBf]u -u}/s[lif_8= a}ª\sx?9= C)f tyf art ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?10= s[lifhGo j:t'sf] k|zf]wg /

laqmL s]Gb| -df%f, df;' ;d]t_11= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?12= lxtsf]if hDdf ug]{ s[ifs tyf

cGo ;fd'bflos ;d"x ;fd'bflos ;ª\u&g ultljlwCommunity Organization Activities

1= jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x ;+:yf2= :jfjnDjL ;d"xx? (self-help groups/saving

and credit groups)3= :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?

k|;f/ tyf ;'/IffTds ;]jfx?Extension and Protective Services

1= lhNnf s[lif¿kz' ljsf; sfof{no / 2= s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|¿pks]Gb| 3= kz' ;]jf s]Gb|¿pks]Gb| 4= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 5= Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no 6= k|x/L rf}sL7= ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt¿gu/kflnsf sfof{no 8= zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]s -u)f jf

u'ndf_ dfly pNn]lvt ;]jfx¿ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] j:tLx¿df s] slt ;ª\VofTds ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ ;f]sf] cfwf/df ahf/s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] j:tLx¿nfO{ %÷^ txdf juL{s/0f u/L j:tL >[ª\vnf (settlement hierarchy) lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . oL j:tLx¿sf] hg;ª\Vof tyf pQm j:tLx¿af6 ;]jf;'ljwf kfpg] If]q (influence area) sf] hg;ª\Vof (hinterland population) ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L j:tL >[ª\vnfsf] pRr, dWod tyf lgDg tx (level) df /x]sf j:tLx¿sf] ljsf;sf] ;d:of tyf ;dfwfgsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;af6 ;]jf / ;'ljwfsf] :yfgut ljt/0f l:ylt Pjd\ To;df ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Frsf] l:ylt kQf

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nufpg ;lsG5 . ;fy} lhNnfleq ;]jf / ;'ljwf slQsf] ;Gt'lnt ¿kdf ljt/0f ePsf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f ;d]t :ki6 x'G5 .

j:tLx¿ cTolws 5l/P/ /x]sf] sf/0f ljleGg ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ubf{ k|ltJolQm nfut vr{ cTolws /xg], ;fwg ;|f]tsf] pRrtd k|of]u gx'g], ;]jf;'ljwfsf] :t/ Go"g /xg] tyf nufgL klg 5l/P/ vf; k|efj gb]lvg] x'“bf j:tL >[ª\vnfsf] ljZn]if0faf6 j[l4sf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf /x]sf j:tLx¿df ;]jf, ;'ljwfx¿ tyf nufgL s]Gb|Lt u/L hg;ª\Vofsf] ljt/0fnfO{ lglZrt :ynx¿df s]Gb|Lt u/L zx/Ls/0fsf] ultdf lgof]lht ¿kdf ltj|tf lbg ;lsg] ;Defjgfsf] ljZn]if0f o; lzif{sdf ug{ ;lsG5 .

4.4.5 lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/L l:ylt(District Economy and Employment Situation)

of]hgfn] cfly{s j[l4 tyf k"0f{ /f]huf/LnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ p2]Zo /fVg] x'Fbf o; lzif{s cGtu{t lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/Lsf] l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu pknAw tYof+sx¿sf] cfwf/df b]xfosf] ;"rgfx¿sf] ;[hgf, ljj]rgf tyf JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 .

lhNnf cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfTds :j?k (Sectoral Share)

lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ljleGg ljifout If]qn] k|bfg u/]sf] /f]huf/L (sectoral employment) sf] tYof+ssf] cfwf/df s'g If]q (sector) n] slt of]ubfg ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu sDtLdf !(&!, !(*!, !((! tyf To;kl5sf] /fli6«o hgu0fgfaf6 b]xfoadf]lhdsf] If]q (sector) n] slt /f]huf/L /fli6«o:t/, If]qLo:t/ tyf lhNnf:t/df k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 .

!= k|fylds If]q (primary sector)

!=! s[lif, kz'kfng, dT:okfng tyf jg (agriculture, livestock, fishery and forest)

@= bf];|f] If]q (secondary sector)

@=! vfgL (mining and quarrying)

@=@ pTkfbg pBf]u (manufacturing)

@=# lgdf{0f (construction)

(49)

@=$ ljB't\, kfgL tyf UofF; (electricity, water and gas)

#= t];|f] If]q (tertiary sector)

#=! Jofkf/ (wholesale and retail trade/commerce)

#=@ oftfoft, e08f/ tyf ;~rf/ (transportation, storage and communications)

#=# ljQ, l/on:6]6 tyf Jofj;fo ;]jf (finance, real state and business services)

#=$ ;fd'bflos, ;fdflhs tyf JolQmut ;]jf (community, social and personal services)

dfly pNn]lvt If]qut /f]huf/Lsf] tYof+snfO{ b]xfoadf]lhd ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5M

!= lhNnfsf] If]qut /f]huf/L l:yltnfO{ /fli6«o tyf If]qLo -ljsf; If]q, lxdfnL÷kxf8L÷ t/fO{_ /f]huf/L l:ylt;Fu t'ngf u/L ;f] sf] sf/0fx¿sf] ljZn]if0ffTds ¿kdf JofVof ug]{ .

@= lhNnfsf] If]qut /f]huf/L l:yltnfO{ cfwf/ jif{ (base year) -pbfx/0f !(&! sf] hgu0fgf_ / cGo jif{x¿sf] l:ylt;Fu t'ngf u/L If]qut /f]huf/Lsf] kl/jt{g (sectoral shift/structural change)

sf] JofVof ug]{ . #= If]qut /f]huf/Ldf dlxnfx¿sf] l:yltnfO{ dfly a'Fbf ! / @

adf]lhd 5'§f5'§} ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

o; ;DaGwL lhNnf txsf] hfgsf/L hgu0fgfsf] d"n k|ltj]bgsf] ;DalGwt v08af6 lng ;lsG5 .

lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzli^s/-f (Specialization)

lhNnfsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgnfO{ /fi6« jf If]qsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg;Fu t'ngf u/]/ (local quotient) lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzi6Ls/0fnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu lhNnf, If]q / /fli6«o txdf s"n d"No clej[l4 (gross value added) sf] tYof+s cfjZos kb{5 . pQm tYof+s pknAw gePdf pTkfbgsf] ck|ToIf ;"rs (proxy indicator) sf] ¿kdf cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/Lsf] tYof+snfO{ klg pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df ljleGg lsl;dsf] /f]huf/L, hgzlQm jf pTkfbg -s[lif;d]t_ ;d]tnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu lgDglnlvt ;"qsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

= Ri/R

(50)

:yfgLo ljlzi6Ls/0f

(location quotient/LQ)Ni/NR

Ri = lhNnfdf i gfds pBf]un] k|bfg u/]sf] /f]huf/L -pBf]u ljz]if jf ljifout pBf]u_

R = lhNnfsf] s'n cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/L Ni = /fi6«df i gfds pBf]un] k|bfg u/]sf] /f]huf/LNR = /fi6«sf] s'n cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/L

pk/f]Qm ;'qsf] k|of]uaf6 cfpg] glthfnfO{ lgDgadf]lhd JofVof ug{ ;lsG5M

(i) :yfgLo ljlzi6Ls/0f cyf{t\ LQ value PseGbf 7"nf] eof] eg] pNn]lvt pBf]udf /fi6«sf] t'ngfdf lhNnfsf] ljlzi6tf a9L b]lvG5 tyf pNn]lvt cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf lgof{t jrt (export-orientation) /x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 .

(ii) LQ value Ps a/fa/ eof] eg] lhNnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ dfq k'Ug] u/L pNn]lvt pBf]un] pTkfbg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

(iii) LQ value PseGbf sd eof] eg] pNn]lvt cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf /fi6«sf] t'ngfdf ;DalGwt lhNnf k5fl8 k/]sf] (under specizliation) s'/f hgfpF5 . o;af6 pNn]lvt pTkfbgsf nflu :yfgLo cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ aflx/af6 cfoft x'g] u/]sf] b]vfpF5 .

(51)

cfly{s cGt/;DaGw tyf nufgL–pTkfbg ljZn]if-f (Economic Linkages and Input-Output Analysis)

lhNnf txdf tYof+ssf] sdLn] ubf{ nufgL–glthf ljZn]if0f (input-output analysis) ug{ lgs} sl7gfO x'G5 . lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] j0f{g ubf{ lhNnfleq slt /sd k|j]z ub{5 (inflow) tyf slt /sd aflx/ hfG5 (outflow) ;f] s'/fsf] df]6fdf]6L cg'dfg dfq x'g ;Sof] eg] klg lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] lrq0f cy{k"0f{ 9ª\un] ug{ ;lsG5 . lhNnfdf k|j]z ug]{ /sd (inflow) tyf aflx/ hfg] /sd (outflow) af6 :yfgLo cy{tGqdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] /sd (money incirculation) df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf u0fgf ug{ ;lsG5 . :yfgLo cy{tGqdf o:tf] art /sdaf6 Tof] 7fpFsf] ljsf; ult dGb jf tLj| s:tf] x'G5 eGg] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . :yfgLo cy{tGqdf o:tf] artnfO{ a9fpg tyf a9L ;dosf] nflu :yfgLo :t/d} /fvL /fVgsf nflu ljleGg ljZn]if0f u/L lhNnf txaf6 cfjZostf cg';f/ /0fgLltx¿ clVtof/ ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf o:tf] ljZn]if0f lgs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . lhNnfleq k|j]z ug]{ / aflx/ hfg] /sdsf] cfsf/ df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf b]xfosf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

(i) lhNnfdf lelqg] /sdsf ;|f]tx¿ (contributors of money in flow)

s"n lgof{t -;fdu|L tyf ;]jf b'j}sf]_ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;/sf/n] lbPsf] cg'bfg /sd lhNnfaflx/ sfd ug]{ sfdbf/n] k7fPsf] /sd (remittances) afXo ;|f]taf6 :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] lnPsf] C0f /sd ko{6g If]qaf6 ePsf] cfDbfgL lhNnfjf;Ln] lhNnf jf b]z aflx/ u/]sf] nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfDbfgL j}b]lzs ;xof]u k|fKt cfof]hgfx¿ (foreign funded project) af6 :yfgLo txdf x'g] nufgL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] tnj /sd ;xof]uL ;+:yfn] lbPsf] rGbf, bfg, bftJo, pkxf/ / ;xof]u (donation of charity organization) lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf] ljsf; ah]6 -lhNnf leq vr{ x'g]_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dfkm{t vr{ x'g] /sd

(ii) lhNnfaflx/ hfg] /sdsf ;|f]tx¿ (contributors of money out-flow)

(52)

cfoft -lhNnfjf;L aflx/ uO{ jf aflx/af6 cfoft u/]sf] vl/bbf/L_ sf] nflu x'g] vr{ -nQfsk8f, cf}iflw, s[lif ;fdu|L cflb ;d]t_ eG;f/, cfos/, d"No clej[l4s/afkt ;/sf/nfO{ lhNnf leqaf6 ltg'{kg]{ /sd cGo s/ tyf z'Nsx¿ afktsf] /sd C0f tyf Aofh e'QmfgL /sd aflx/ nluPsf] gfkmf (profit repartiated) /sd lhNnfaflx/ 3/ x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] tnj -:yfgLo txdf x'g] cg'dflgt vr{ s6fO{_ lhNnfaflx/ nufgL x'g] :yfgLo art /sd

(53)

#/kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/ tyf ul/jLsf] l:yltlhNnfs]f cfly{s l:yltsf] lrq0f ubf{ lhNnfsf] k|ltJolQm s"n ufx{:y pTkfbg k|ltJolQm slt 5, a]/f]huf/ tyf cw{a]/f]huf/sf] b/ slt 5, ;/b/ kfl/jfl/s cfo slt 5 cflbsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . ;fdfGotof of]hgfsf] a[xt\ nIo÷p2]Zo hgtfsf] ;/b/ cfoj[l4 u/L lg/k]If ul/jL /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;ª\Vofsf] k|ltztnfO{ 36fpg' /xg] x'Fbf o;;DaGwL ;"rgf tyf tYof+ssf] ;+sng / JofVof cfjZos x'G5 . lhNnfleq ul/jLsf] l:yltsf] lrq0f 3/kl/jf/n] vfgfsf] nflu kg]{ Joo (expenditure) jf cfDbfgL (income) sf] cfwf/df klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

@)%# -!((^_ df s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefuaf6 ePsf] g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0faf6 k|ltJolQm k|ltlbg @!@$ Sofnf]/L cfjZos x'g] cg'dfg u/]cg'¿k pQm Sofnf]/L a/fa/sf] vfBj:t'x¿sf nflu k|ltJolQm jflif{s ¿= @,^#& pkef]u vr{sf ¿kdf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;df u}/vfB j:t'sf] vr{ ;d]t hf]8\bf k|ltJolQm jflif{s ¿= $,$)$ cfjZos x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfwf/df g]kfn clw/fHodf ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg k/]sf hg;ª\Vof @)%# ;fndf $@Ü /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} adf]lhd lhNnfleq /x]sf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfdf 5'§f5'§} ¿kdf s] slt ul/j kl/jf/ 5g\ ;f] sf] ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{k5{ . o;sf] nflu cfwf/ jif{ @)%@ sf] Go"gtd cfosf] /sddf ;/b/ jflif{s !)Ü n] j[l4 u/L xfnsf] Go"gtd cfosf] df]6fdf]6L /sd lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

cfo:t/sf] ;j]{If0f ubf{ jf:tljs cfosf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{df x'g] sl7gfOnfO{ dgg u/]/ sltko d'n'sn] vfBfGgdf x'g] Joosf] cg'kftdf ul/jLnfO{ kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ . kfl/jfl/s s"n cfosf] slt k|ltzt vfBj:t'df tyf slt k|ltzt u}/vfB j:t'df vr{ x'g] eGg] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df kfl/jfl/s ;DkGgtfsf] JofVof b]xfocg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

tflnsf g+. 7 kfl/jfl/s ;DkGgtfsf] :t/ vfBj:t'df vr{ x'g] s"n kfl/jfl/s

cfosf] lx:;fkfl/jfl/

s ;DkGgtfsf] :t/30 k|ltzteGbf sd ;DkGg (well-off)

30–49 k|ltzt dWod (middle)

(54)

50–69 k|ltzt u/Lj (poor)

70 k|ltzteGbf a(L clt u/Lj (ultra poor)

ul/jLsf] lrq0f tyf ljZn]if0f ubf{ cfly{s ¿kn] ul/a ;d"x (economically deprived group) sf] dfly pNn]v ul/Padf]lhd cfo:t/af6 ug{ ;lsG5 eg] ;fdflhs ¿kn] ul/j (socially deprived group) ju{sf] klg ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . ;fdflhs ;+/rgfleq hfltut ¿kn] lk5l8Psf] ju{ -blnt tyf cGo hghflt_ sf] ljt/0f tyf cfly{s l:yltsf] cnUu} ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

4.4.6 s[lif tyf l;+rfO If]qo; lzif{scGtu{t lhNnfsf] s[lifIf]qsf] pknlAw (performance)

tyf ;d:ofx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{k5{ . ;fy} s[lif tyf l;+rfO If]qtkm{ ljut % jif{df ;+rflnt sfo{qmd ;dLIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . s[lif ljsf; of]hgf (agriculture development planning) sf] p2]Zox¿dWo] s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjsf] l:ylt (status) s] 5 / pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjsf] j[l4b/sf] k|j[lQ (trend) s:tf] 5 ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos /xG5 . o;k|sf/sf] ljZn]if0faf6 of]hgf cjlwdf s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4b/ s] slt /xg] xf] ;f]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . s[lif pTkfbgsf] ;fdfGo j[l4 (trend scenario) nfO{ yk k|of;åf/f tLj| j[l4df kl/0ft (development scenario) ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4 b/ tf]lsPadf]lhd xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 jf ;lsFb}g eGg] s'/f lgwf{/0f ug{sf nflu lgDglnlvt k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5M s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ a9L hUuf pknAw

x'G5÷x'Fb}g < kof{Kt s[lif shf{ pknAw x'G5÷x'Fb}g < s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ xfnsf] j[l4b/eGbf a9fP/ n}hfg ;f]xL

cg'kftdf s[lif ;fdu|L M dnvfb, pGgt ljp, cflbsf] cfk"lt{df j[l4 x'G5÷x'Fb}g < oL ;fdu|L ;dod} pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yfut Joj:yf s:tf] 5 <

l;+lrt If]qsf] k|ltzt j[l4 x'G5÷x'Fb}g < pTkfbg j[l4 ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ pGgt ljp, v]tL ug]

{ tf}/tl/sfdf ;'wf/ (better cultivation practices), s[lif cf}hf/ tyf d]l;g/L cflbsf] If]qdf gofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf; x'G5÷x'Fb}g < gofF k|ljlw ls;fg;Dd k'¥ofpg] k|;f/ ;]jf k|efjsf/L

(55)

x'G5÷x'Fb}g tyf ls;fgx¿nfO{ tflnd lbOG5÷lbOFb}g <

s[lifsf] nflu yk dhb'/x¿ pknAw x'G5÷x'Fb}g < art pTkfbg ug]{sf] s[lif pkhn] ahf/

kfpg ;S5g\ ;Sb}gg\ < s[lif k|;f/ tLg tl/sfaf6 ug{ ;lsG5M JolQmut (individual

approach), ;d"xut (group appraoch) tyf ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L (mass approach) . pNn]lvt tl/sfx¿dWo] xfnsf jif{x¿df ;d"xut (group

approach) dfWod ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L kfOPsf] x'Fbf ;d"xut tl/sfaf6 eO/x]sf] s[lifk|;f/sf] k|ult l:ylt tyf ;d:ofs]f ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

s[lif If]qsf] p2]Zo ;du| s[ifsx¿sf] cfo:t/df j[l4 ug'{kg]{ ;d]t /xg] x'Fbf s[lif k|;f/ ;]jf pTkfbg j[l4d'vL dfq x'g' x'Fb}g . o;n] ljz]if u/L ;fgf s[ifsx¿nfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9L gfkmf x'g] jfnL nufpg] lg0f{odf k'Ug d2t lbg], kmfd{ Joj:yfkg (farm management) df ;'wf/ Nofpg], s[lif pTkfbg leq\ofpg] ;dodf x'g] gf]S;fgLx¿ (post harvesting losses) sd ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] cflb sfo{x¿ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM o; ljifodf s[lif k|;f/ sfo{x¿sf] d"Nof+sg cfjZos 5 .

b]zdf ;;fgf s[ifssf] afx'Notf ePsf] / ;;fgf s[ifs kl/jf/sf] pTkfbg 3/fo;L vktsf] nflu dfq x'g] ePsf]n] s[lif If]q lgjf{x d'vL /x]sf] 5 . lgjf{xd'vL s[lifnfO{ Jofkf/ d'vL agfpg cfjZos 5 . o;sf] nflu kl/jf/ tx (Farm household level) df /x]sf] ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug'{ k5{ . s[lif kl/jf/ txdf ljleGg k|sf/sf] afnL tyf kz' pTkfbgaf6 s] s:tf] kmfO{bf eO/x]sf] 5 / t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L kmfObf s] df x'G5 ;f] sf] ljZn]if0faf6 s[lif kl/jf/ txdf lg0f{odf ;3fpg tyf s[lif pTkfbsTj a9fpg cGo tl/sfx¿sf cltl/Qm s"n l;dfGt ljZn]if0f (gross margin analysis) ug{ ;lsG5 .

s"n l;dfGt ljZn]if0f (gross margin) eg]sf] s"n kmfd{ cfo (gross

farm income) tyf pTkfbg vr{ (variable cost) aLrsf] km/s xf] . of] (gross margin) k|lt x]S6/ jf k|lt kz' (per head of live stock) sf nflu lgsflnG5 . ;DalGwt ultljlw -afnL÷kz' kfng_ sf] s"n cfo u0fgf ubf{ 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf nflu vkt x'g] kl/0ffdsf] ;d]t u0fgf ul/G5 . kz' jf ufOj:t'sf] s"n pTkfbg d"No u0fgf

(56)

sfo{ afnL pTkfbgsf] t'ngfdf hl6n x'G5 . o;df kz' j:t'sf] xfnsf] d"NofÍg tyf z'?sf] d"NofÍg / vr{sf] km/snfO{ ;d]t (closing valuation minus opening valuation minus expenditure) ;dfj]z ul/G5 .

;DalGwt ultljlw -afnL÷kz' kfng_ sf] pTkfbg nfut (variable

cost) k|lt x]S6/ jf k|lt kz'sf] nflu b]xfosf ljifosf] nfut tyf vr{af6 lgsfNg'k5{ .

lap ljhg (seeds and seedlings) dnvfb (fertilizers) ls6gfzs cf}iflw (pesticides) l;+rfO kz' :jf:Yo vr{ (veterinary service & drugs) af]/f (bags) d]lzg/L tyf hf]Tg]÷ bfOF ug]{ k|of]hgsf kz'x? dfgj >d t]n, OGwg, df]lan cflb oftfoft vr{ sfo{ut k"FhLdf nfUg] Aofh ahf/df a]r lavg ubf{sf] vr{

dfgj >dsf] u0fgf ubf{ kl/jf/ ;b:on] u/]sf] sfdsf] klg u0fgf ul/G5 . sfo{ut k"FhL (working capital) sf] Aofhsf] u0fgf ;a} pTkfbg nfut (variable cost) nfO{ hf]8L b'O{n] efu ug]{ / ahf/df k|rngdf /x]sf] Aofh b/n] u'0ff u/L lgsflnG5 .

s"n l;dfGt ljZn]if0f (gross margin analysis) sf] gd"gf b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .

tflnsf g+. 8 s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin) (gd"gf 1)ljj/0f abfd k|lt

x]S6/ -?=_skf; k|lt

x]S6/ -?=_s"n pTkfbg d"Nod"Vo pTkfbg -?=_

&@,))) !,#%,)))

;xfos pTkfbg -?=_

%,)))* –

(57)

hDdf &&,))) !,#%,)))pTkfbg nfutlap @,!)) !,)))dnvfb !@,))) @*,)))ls^gfzs cf}iflw – –:k|]o/ – –>d dhb"/ @,@%) !,!@%)af]/f¿k]lsª ;fdu|L

!,@)) !,*))

sfo{ k"“hLsf] Aofh

&)@ @,^!$

hDdf !*,@%@ ^&,(^$s"n ldl>t cfo (gross margin)

%*,&$* ^&,)#^

* abfd v]tLsf] af]6 (hay) ufO afv|fnfO{ v'jfpg sfd nfUg] .

tflnsf g+. 9 k|d'v pTkfbgsf] s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin calculation) (gd"gf 2)

pkhpTkfbg

÷x]S6/ lsnf]

ahf/ d"No (Fargale price)

k|lt lsnf]

s"n cfo Gross output

-?=_

pTkfbgnfut-?=_

Gross margin

k|lt x]S6/-?=_

! ds} dfq (maize mono) @,))) % !),))) !,))) (,)))@ ds} / s]/fp– ds}– d6/

!,%))&%)

%!#

&,%))&%)

!&,@%) !,%)) !%,&%)# s]/fp !,))) !# !#,))) %)) !@,%))$ skf;– u'0f:t/Lo– sd;n

%))%)

!&=)=)

*,%))$%))%) !,))) &%)

% wfg !,%)) *=) !@,))) !,@%) !),&%)

4.4.7 pBf]u tyf vfgL If]qsf] l:yltb]zdf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg Go"gtd /x]sf] 5 . s"n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf pTkfbgzLn pBf]u (manufacturing industries) sf] of]ubfg

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s]jn !) k|ltzt dfq 5 eg] o;n] nueu tLg k|ltzt dfq /f]huf/L k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg tyf /f]huf/Ldf clwsf+z lx:;f ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]usf] /x]sf] 5 . pBf]u If]qsf] ljsf;df cfzfltt ljsf; gx'g'sf] d'Vo Ps sf/0f b]zdf zx/Ls/0fsf] ult dGb x'g' klg Ps xf] . b]zsf] () k|ltzt hgtf cem} klg u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf] tyf u|fdL0f cy{tGq s[lifdf a9L lge{/ /x]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf ;–;fgf s[ifsx?sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] / s[lif If]q a9L lgjf{xd'vL ePsf]n] ubf{ u|fdL0f If]qdf hg;+Vof a9L 5l/P/ /x]sf] 5 . ;;fgf c;+Vo j:tLx?df hg;+Vof 5l/P/ /x]sf] sf/0f pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu Go"gtd hg;+Vof (threshold

population) sf] sdLn] ubf{ u|fdL0f If]qdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] ult ;d]t dGb /x]sf] 5 . zx/Ls/0f tyf cf}Bf]lus/0f lar ulx/f] cGt/;DaGw /x]sf]n] lhNnf leq ljsf;sf ;Defjgf ePsf d'Vo d'Vo ahf/ s]Gb|x? (potential rural market centres) 5gf}6 u/L To:tf s]Gb|x?df >f]t tyf nufgL s]Gb|Lt u/L u|fdL0f cf}Bf]lus/0f (rural industrialization) nfO{ ult lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] /0fgLltn] lhNnf leq lglZrt :ynx?df hg;+Vof s]lGb|t x'g], pBf]u wGwfsf] ljsf; lta| x'g] / ;f] sf] k|efj lj:tf/} 5]p 5fpsf] ufpF (hinterland) df s|dzM kb}{ hfg] x'G5 .

o; ;Gbe{df cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljsf;sf] jt{dfg k|of;x? :ynut ;Defjgf (location potential) sf] cfwf/df s]lGb|t 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f ljj]rgf cfjZos /xG5 . clwsf+z lhNnfx? u|fdL0f k|s[ltsf /x]sf]n] u|fdL0f If]qdf demf}nf jf 7"nf pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgfsf] cj;/ tyf ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] x'''G5 . tyflk :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] glhs (Proximity to local raw material)

snsf/vfgf vf]Ng' kg]{ l:ylt eof] eg] dfq u|fdL0f If]qdf demf}nf jf 7"nf pBf]u v'Ng ;Sg] x'Fbf u|fdL0f If]qdf ;fgf, 3/]n' tyf n3' pBf]ux? v'Ng ;Sg] ;Defjgf a9L /x]sf] x'G5 . ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]ux? >dd'vL (labor-intensive)

x'g], :yfgLo dfunfO{ k"/f ug]{ tyf :yfgLo ;'z'Kt k"FhL (dormant capital) nfO{ kl/rfng / k|of]u ug]{ ePsf]n] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] n3', ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]usf] of]hgf (micro,

small and cottage industries planning) df hf]8 lbg' k5{ . o;sf nflu lgDg If]qsf] ;"rgf, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ul/g' k5{ .

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u|fdL0f cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] nflu lhNnf leq a9L ;Defjgf /x]sf :ynx? s'g s'g 5g\ < (settlement pattern analysis), h'g klxn] g} j:tL ljsf;sf] :j¿k / >[ª\vnf cGtu{t rrf{ eO;s]sf] 5 .

cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf nflu k|of]u x'g] sRrf kbfy{ -s[lif, aghGo, kz'hGo, vfgL_ sxfF sxfF s] slt kl/df0fdf pknAw 5 <

sRrfkbfy{sf] ¿kdf aflx/ hfg] j:t' / kl/df0f s] slt 5 < lhNnf leq k|zf]wg u/L k7fpg ;d:of / ;Defjgf s] 5 <

:yfgLo k|d'v ahf/x?df lhNnf leq tyf lhNnf aflx/ pTkfbg x'g] j:t'x? s"g s"g s] slt kl/df0fdf vkt ePsf] 5 tyf ahf/df To:tf j:t'sf] dfusf] l:ylt s] 5 <

lhNnfleq k/Dk/fut zLk k|of]u ug]{ ;d"x÷hflt (occupational skill & caste) sf] afx'Notf sxfF sxfF 5 < o:tf ;d"xn] ;~rfng u/]sf pBd slt / s'g cj:yfdf 5g\ < k/Dk/fut pBd (traditional enterprise) nfO{ clea[l4 (upgrade)

ug]{ lbzfdf ;d:of s] /x]sf] 5 < :yflkt pBf]ux? bL3{sfn;Dd rln/xg] b/ (survival rate) s:tf] 5

< pBf]u aGb x'g'sf sf/0f s] s] x'g\ < gofF pBf]u v'Ng] b/ (new entry rate) s:tf] 5 < gofF

pBf]u :yfkgf x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < lhNnfdf k|bfg ul/g] l;k ljsf; tflndx?af6 gofF pBf]u

hlGdg] b/ s:tf] 5 < l;k ljsf; tflndnfO{ k|efjsf/L gx'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] ;d:of s] 5 < lhNnfdf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f s] xf] < cf}Bf]lus u|fdL0f tyf n3' shf{df pBdLsf] kx'Fr (access

to rural/micro credit) sf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 tyf ;d:ofx¿ s] s] 5g\ < sRrf kbfy{sf] ¿kdf aflx/ hfg] j:t' / kl/df0f s] slt 5 < lhNnf leq k|zf]wg u/L k7fpg ;d:of / ;Defjgf s] 5 <lhNnfsf] pBf]u ljsf; of]hgf (district industrial development planning)

sf] p2]Zo lhNnfsf cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg, cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/L, pBf]u :yfkgf b/df j[l4 ug'{ /xg] x'Fbf o;/L o; If]qdf xfnsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 ;f] ;DalGwt ;"rgfsf] ;[hgf ug'{ k5{ .

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4.4.8 Jofkf/, ko{^g tyf ;]jfIf]qsf] l:ylto; lzif{s cGtu{t b]xfosf If]qx¿sf] jt{dfg cj:yf, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿sf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5M

– yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/– lgsf;L k}7f/L l:ylt – 9'jfgL tyf e08f/g Joj:yf– ljQLo tyf Joj;fo ;]jf– ko{6g ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg

yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/lhNnf leq s] s:tf ;dfu|Lx¿sf] yf]s Jofkf/ x'G5 < yf]s Jofkf/Lx¿ s] slt 5g\ < s'g s'g 7fpF -lhNnf leq÷aflx/_ af6 vl/bstf{x¿ cfpF5g\ < k|d'v Jofkf/ :yn s'g s'g xf] < lhNnf leqsf k|d'v j:tLx¿df s] s:tf yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/Lx¿ 5g\ < ;f] ;DaGwL ljj]rgfx¿ o; If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ .

lgsf;L k}&f/L l:yltdfly æyf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/Æ pklzif{sdf pNn]v ePsf yf]s tyf v'b|f ;fdu|Lx¿sf] pTkfbg lhNnf leq jf aflx/ s] slt kl/df0fdf ePsf] xf] < lhNnfsf] pTkfbg aflx/ slt hfg], aflx/ pTkfbg ePsf ;fdu|L lhNnf leq s] slt cfpg] ;f]sf] lgsf;L k}7f/L l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f u/L o; If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿sf] lrq0f ug'{k5{ .

_'jfgL tyf e-*f/ Joj:yflhNnf leq pTkfbg j:t'x¿sf] Ps ahf/af6 csf]{ ahf/df n}hfg 9'jfgL tyf oftfoft ;]jf sltsf] k|efjsf/L 5 < ljz]ifu/L s[lif pkh, s[lif ;fdu|L tyf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ljt/0f k|lqmofdf 9'jfgL tyf oftfoft ;]jfn] s] s:tf] ;d:of l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 ;f] pNn]v ug'{k5{ . lhNnfsf] pTkfbg artnfO{ e08f/ ug]{ Joj:yf s:tf] 5 < zLt e08f/gsf] ;'ljwf s] slt pknAw 5g\ < clt cfjZosLo

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j:t'x¿sf] ;+lrlt s:tf] 5 ;f] ;DaGwL ljj]rgf u/L o; If]qdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿sf] rrf{ ug'{kg]{5 .

ko{^g ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg lhNnf leq s] s:tf ko{6sLo :ynx¿ 5g\ < s] slt ko{6gx¿ lhNnf leq cfpF5g\ < s'g s'g 7fpFx¿df ko{6gx¿ hfg] u5{g\ < lhNnf leq ko{6s j[l4 b/ slt 5 < zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qx¿df cf};t s] slt lbg ko{6sx¿ a:g] u5{g\ < ko{6sx¿n] ;/b/ s] slt vr{ u5{g\ ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f u/L o; If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ s] s:tf ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw 5g\ < ko{6s s] slt ;'/lIft 5g\ < u|fdL0f ko{6g (village tourism)

tyf kof{ ko{6g (eco tourism) sf] ljsf; s] slt ePsf] 5 < ko{6sx¿sf] j[l4n] s] s:tf ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg ePsf 5g\ ;f] ;DaGwL ljj]rgf ;d]t ug'{kg]{5 .

4.4.9 ef}lts tyf ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ (Physical Infrastructure & Utilities)

lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf nflu k"jf{wf/ (infrastructure) cfjZos x'G5 . ;fj{hlgs If]qn] k"FhL (capital) nfO{ l:y/ h]yf (fixed assets)

df kl/jt{g u¥of] eg] To;nfO{ k"jf{wf/ elgG5 . af6f] 3f6f]sf] lgdf{0f, ejg, l;+rfO{ tyf gbL lgoGq0f ;+/rgf, ;+rf/ k|0ffnL, uf]bfd 3/, 9n lgsf;x? k"jf{wf/ ePsf]n] o;sf] l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f o; zLif{sdf ug'{ kg]{5 .

;*s oftfoftljsf; k|ls|ofaf6 xfdLn] rfxgf /fv]sf] l:ylt (ideal condition) tyf ;f] l:ylt;+u xfd|f] jf:tljs l:ylt (existing condition) ;+u t'ngf u/L k"jf{wf/ ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfsf] d"NofÍgsf nflu t'ngfwf/ (standards)

sf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

;8s, /]n, hndfu{ tyf oftfoft ;]jfx?n] Ps 7fpFnfO{ csf]{ 7fpF;+u hf]8g] tyf u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ zx/ If]qsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf kx'Fr u/fpF5 . lhNnf leq ;8s oftfoftsf] l:yltsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfx?sf] cfjZostf /xG5 .

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-s_ ;8s k|0ffnLsf] 3gTj (density of road system) M o;nfO{ lhNnf leq oftfoft ;'ljwfsf] ;"rs (accessibility indicator) sf ¿kdf k|of]u ul/G5 . lhNnf leq Onfsfut, uf=lj=;=ut tyf lgjf{rg If]qut ¿kdf ;8s, 9n;DaGwL o; k|sf/sf] ;"rgf ;[hgf ePdf lhNnf leq oftfoft ;'ljwfsf] t'ngf u/L s'g If]qdf ;8s oftfoftdf a9L Wofg lbg' kg]{ xf], ;f] sf] ljj]rgf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} lhNnf ;8s oftfoft l:yltnfO{ cGo lhNnfx?;+u ;d]t bfFHg ;lsG5 . ;8s 3gTj b'O{ k|sf/n] u0fgf ug{ ;lsG5 . h'g txdf ;8s 3gTj lgsflng] xf] -tx eGgfn] lhNnf, uf=lj=;=, Onfsf jf lgjf{rg If]q_ ;f] txdf /x]sf] ag h+unsf] If]qkmnnfO{ 36fO{ k|lt ju{ lsld arable land df s] slt lsnf]ld6/ ;8s 5 ;f] lgsfNg' kg]{ 5 . k|lt ju{ ls=dL= If]qdf ! ls=dL= ;8s x'g'nfO{ standard dfGg ;lsG5 . bf]>f] ljlwdf k|lt !,))) hg;+Vofdf slt ls=dL= ;8s /x]sf] 5 ;f] sf] u0fgff u/L ;8s 3gTj lgsfNg ;lsG5 .

-v_ u|fdL0f hgtfsf] oftfoft cfjZostf (access needs) M lhNnf leq oftfoft ;]jf (transportation services) sf] cj:yf tyf ljleGg If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ oftfoft ;]jf pkof]u ug{ cf}ift lx8\g' kg]{ ;dosf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df (accessibility analysis) u|fdL0f hgtfsf] oftfoft cfjZostf klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

-u_ oftfoft ;fwg (mode of transportation) M lhNnf leq ljleGg If]qdf Ps :ynaf6 csf]{ :yndf hfgsf] nflu k}bn lx+8\g] jf jonuf8f, ;fOsn, 6]Dk', 6«s, 6«]S6/, a;, l/S;f cflb ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] x'G5 . lhNnf leq ljleGg If]q tyf lgdf{0f ePsf ;8sdf k|of]u eO/x]sf] ;fwgsf] ;+Vof, ?6, k'¥ofO/x]sf] ;]jf cflb ;DaGwL ;"rgf ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ;fy} oftfoft ;fwgsf] dd{t ;+ef/ ug]{ s]Gb|x¿÷ js{;kx¿sf] pknAwtfsf] af/]df klg ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{k5{ .

-3_ ;8ssf] juL{s/0f (road classification): ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf To;sf] dd{t;+ef/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ug{sf nflu ;8ssf] juL{s/0f ug{ cfjZos 5 . ;8snfO{ ljleGg p2]Zosf nflu ljleGg lsl;dn] juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

k|zf;lgs pQ/bfloTj (administrative responsibility) sf cfwf/df–

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– /fli6«o – lhNnf– gu/kflnsf – ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ;8s Ifdtf (capacity) sf cfwf/df–– b|'t dfu{ (express ways) : -o;df crossing x'Fb}g tyf

right of way ^) ld6/ x'G5 . g]kfndf o:tf] dfu{sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g ._

– /fhdfu{ (highway) : -right of way sDtLdf @) ld6/ x'g] ._

– ;xfos dfu{ (secondary roads) : (Right of way !# ld6/)– Go"g dfu{ (miner roads) : (right of way & ld6/)– 3f]8]6f] rqm]6f (right of way #=% ld6/) ;8ssf] lgdf{0f k|sf/sf] cfwf/df (types of pavement)

– 9nfg (concrete) – sfnfkq] (asphalt)

– v08fl:dt (gravel) – sRrL (earthfil)/

gf]6M cfjZostf cg';f/ afx|} dlxgf oftfoft rNg] grNg] v'nfpg' kg]{ .

;8s oftfoft;DaGwL k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;qmddf 3gfj:tL tyf zx/LIf]qdf s]xL clgjfo{ ;]jf;'ljwfsf] l;h{gf ug'{k5{ . o:tf ;]jf ;'ljwfcGtu{t kfls{ª, a;:6k, k|ltIffno (waiting sheds), ;8s lah'nL (street lighting), k}bnofqLsf] ;8s kf/ ug]{ Joj:yf (pedstrian crossing),

;8s ;ª\s]t lrGx (directional signs), a;sf] clGtd la;f}gL (terminals)

cflb kb{5g\ . pNn]lvt k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] ljBdfg cj:yf, k'¥ofO/x]sf] ;]jf tyf ;f];DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;d]tsf] ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ .

;~rf/ k|-ffnL;~rf/k|0ffnL cGt/ut lhNnfleq x'nfs, 6]lnkmfg nfOg ljt/0f, 6«Í sn ;]jf, cfsfzjf0fL, ˆofS; Od]n, OG6/g]6, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg cflb pknAw ;~rf/ ;]jfx¿df :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] kx'Frsf] l:ylt tyf ;d:ofx¿sf] ljj]rgf o; zLif{sdf ul/G5 . lhNnf leqsf ljleGg ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿n] pNn]lvt ;]jfx¿sf] k|of]u ug{ cf};t slt ;do vr{ ug'{k5{ < ;]jfsf] :t/ s:tf] 5 < ;"rgfx¿ k|fKt ug{ cf};t slt ;do nfU5 < cflb ;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;+sng ug'{k5{ .

zx/Ls/0fsf] ;Fu;Fu} 6]lnkmf]g nfOgsf] dfu a9\b} hfg] x'Fbf zx/L If]qdf xfn s] slt 6]lnkmf]g nfOg 5 tyf eljiodf slt

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nfOg rflxg] xf] < dfuadf]lhdsf] 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] Ifdtf s:tf] 5 < pknAw k|ljlw s:tf] 5 < ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ .

ljB't\ tyf j}slNks pmhf{ ljsf; l:ylto; zLif{scGtu{t u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf] ljBdfg l:ylt tyf ;d:of ;Fu;Fu} ;f}o{ pmhf{ (solar energy), afof] Uof;, n3' hnljB't\ (micro hydro electricity) tyf cGo j}slNks phf{ ljsf; ;DaGwL l:ylt tyf ;d:ofsf] ljj]rgf ul/g'k5{ .

ljB'tLs/0fn] u|fdL0f If]qdf ultljlwnfO{ a9fpg] / cfly{s ultljlwsf] j[l4 ;8s oftfoft, 3gfj:tL tyf cGo cfly{s cj;/df ;d]t lge{/ /xg] x'G5 . ctM ljB'tLs/0fsf] cefjdf cfly{s cj;/ a9\g g;s]sf ;Defljt If]qx¿sf] klxrfg u/L To:tf 7fpFdf n3'hnljB't\sf] ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf ;d]t klxNofpg cfjZos kg]{ x'Fbf o;k|sf/sf] ljZn]if0f o; zLif{sdf ug'{k5{ . ljB't ;]jf k'u]sf] a:tL / ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf ;+Vof, kx'Fr ePsf 3/w'/L, ljt/0f l:ylt cflbsf cfwf/df ;d:of / ;Defjgf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} :yfg ;'xfpFbf] j}slNks phf{ ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf s] x'g ;S5 -;f}o{, uf]j/UofF; cflb_ / To;sf] jt{dfg ljsf; / pkof]u l:ylt s] 5 ;f] ;d]t o;df s]nfpg' k5{ .

vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ (Drinking Water Supply)

lhNnfleq vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ;fdfGotof tLg tl/sfn] eO/x]sf] kfOG5 . kfgL cfk"lt{df oL tLg tl/sf j:tLsf] cfsf/ (Size) tyf kfgL ;|f]tsf] b"/Ln] ;d]t lgwf{/0f u/]sf] x'G5 . klxnf] tl/sf (Level I) cGt/ut vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk (piping) sf] k|of]u ul/Fb}g . kfgLsf] ;|f]taf6} :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] kfgL e/L n}hfg] ub{5g\ . o;k|sf/sf] Joj:yfdf kfgL d"n, Ogf/, s'jf tyf sn wf/f -x}G8 kfOk, /f]j/ kDk_ sf] k|of]u ePsf] x'G5 .

kfgL cfk"lt{sf] bf];|f] tl/sf (Level II) cGt/ut vfg]kfgLsf] kfOksf] k|of]u ePsf] x'G5 t/ 3/3/} kfgLsf] wf/f lbOFb}g . kfgLsf] d"n, l8k 6\o"aj]n jf cGo ;|f]taf6 kfgL ;+sng u/L kfOksf] dfWodåf/f a:tL glhs kfgL k'¥ofOG5 tyf ;fj{hlgs wf/faf6 kfgL cfk"lt{ ul/G5 . o:tf] ;fj{hlgs wf/f (stand point) k|To]s !)–@) 3/sf] nflu Pp6f wf/fsf] b/n] l;h{gf ug'{kg]

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{ x'G5, kfgL cfk"lt{cGtu{t t];|f] tl/sf (Level III) 3/3/} kfgLsf] wf/f lbOG5 . pNn]lvt tLg tl/sfdWo] t];|f] txsf] cfk"lt{ k|0ffnL ;a}eGbf ;'/lIft xf] / o; ljlwdf kfgLnfO{ :jR5 kfg]{ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u klg ul/G5 . t];|f] tl/sfnfO{ dfq piped water system

cGt/ut /fVg ;lsG5 . j}slNks tl/sfx¿df s]xL lhNnfx¿df jiff{t\sf] kfgL ;+sng u/L pkof]u ug]{ Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . :yfg cg';f/ o;;DaGwL s'/fx¿sf] ;d]t tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ul/g'k5{ .

lhNnfleq kfgL cfk"lt{sf] l:ylt lrq0f ubf{ dfly pNn]lvt ul/Padf]lhdsf] ljleGg txsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yfaf6 s]slt hg;ª\Vofn] vfg]kfgL k|fKt u/]sf] 5g\ ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0faf6 vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf] ;d:ofsf] ljZn]if0f cy{k"0f{ 9ª\un] ug{ ;lsG5 .

kfgLsf] cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ug{ lhNnfleq j:tLsf] cfsf/cg';f/ dfly pNn]lvt k|d'v tLg tl/sfn] dWo] s'g pko'Qm xf] jf j}slNks tl/sf a9L pko'Qm x'G5 ls < ;f];DaGwL ljZn]if0f cfjZos /xG5 . ljz]if u/L 3gf hg;ª\Vof ePsf] j:tL tyf gu/ If]qdf t];|f] tl/sfaf6 kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf kfgLsf] cfjZostfsf k|If]k0f tyf cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] km/s (gap) ;d]tsf] klxrfg ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . o; lzif{s cGtu{t ljut % jif{df ;+rflnt cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

gbL lgoGq-f (Flood Control)

sltko lhNnfx¿df gbL s6fgsf] ;d:of ljs/fn /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;d:ofu|:t gbLx¿n] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] l:ylt, k|efljt hg;+Vof tyf To;sf] sf/0fsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L gbL lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{ :ynx¿ / ;f]sf] k|fyldstf ;d]t ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df to ul/g'k5{ .

4.4.10 ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf (Social Infrastructure and Services)

lzIff (Edcuation)

(66)

lzIff h:tf] ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf ;a}sf nflu k'¥ofpg' kg]{ x'Fbf o;sf] dfu (demand) tyf cfk"lt{ (supply) l:yltsf] uxg ljZn]if0f ug{ cfjZos /xG5 . lzIff ;]jfsf] dfusf] l:ylt ljBfno hfg] pd]/ hg;ª\Vof (school age population) slt 5 ;f]af6 lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . ljBfno hfg] pd]/ ;d"x hg;ª\VofnfO{ lgDglnlvt $ ju{df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5M

(i) lzz' sIff -:ofxf/ s]Gb|_ tyf k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno -g;{/L, lsG8/uf8{g_ hfg] pd]/ ;d"x – #–% jif{

(ii) k|fylds ljBfno hfg] pd]/ ;d"x -sIff !–% ;Dd_– ^–!) jif{

(iii) lgDg tyf dfWolds ljBfno hfg] pd]/ ;d"x -sIff ^–!) ;Dd_–!!–!^ jif{

(iv) pRrdfWolds ljBfno (tertiary school) hfg] pd]/ ;d"x -!)±@_ –!&–@) jif{

dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df lgDglnlvt ;"rgfaf6 ljBfno ;'ljwfsf] cfk"lt{ l:ylt ljZn]if0f ul/G5M 5fq÷5fqf cg'kft / dlxnf lzlIfsf ;ª\Vof dlxnf lzIfs 5fq cg'kft ljBfno ;ª\Vof -k"j{ k|fylds÷k|f=lj=÷df=lj=÷bz hf]8

b'O{_ sIffsf]7f ;ª\Vof -k"j{ k|fylds÷k|f=lj=÷df=lj=÷bz hf]8

b'O{_ sIffut ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof -k"j{ k|fylds÷k|

f=lj=÷df=lj=÷bz hf]8 b'O{_ lzIfs ;ª\Vof -k"j{ k|fylds÷k|f=lj=÷df=lj=÷bz hf]8

b'O{_ aLrd} ljBfno 5f8L hfg] (drop out) ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof -5fq

5fqf_ k|lt ljBfyL{ 8]:sj]Gr cg'kft cGo ef}lts ;'ljwf -rkL{, k|of]uzfnf, vfg]kfgL, v]n

d}bfg cflb_

(67)

lhNnfsf] z}lIfs l:yltnfO{ txut¿kdf -k"j{ k|fylds÷k|fylds ljBfno÷dfWolds ljBfno÷pRr dfWolds ljBfno_ tyf If]qut ¿kdf -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, Onfsf tyf lgjf{rg If]q_ b]xfosf ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljBfyL{ sIff cg'kft -k|lt sIff ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof_ ljBfyL{ lzIfs cg'kft -k|lt lzIfs ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof_ ljBfyL{ egf{ b/ (enrolment participation rate)

;"q =

ljBfno ljz]if -k"j{ k|fylds÷k|f=lj=÷df=lj=_

df s"n egf{ ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof !))ljBfno ljz]ifdf hfg]

ljBfyL{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;ª\Vof ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ (dropout rate)

;"q =ljBfno jif{df ljBfno 5f8\g]

ljBfyL{ ;+Vof !))ljBfno egf{ hg;ª\Vof

ljBfno :yfkgfsf] nflu Go"gtd hg;ª\Vof (threshold population)

rflxG5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf Go"gtd hg;ª\Vofsf] cefjdf x/]s j:tL jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf dfWolds ljBfno ;~rfng ug{ ;lsFb}g . s'g} Ps If]qdf dfWolds ljBfno ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 eg] To; df=lj= If]qdf csf]{ df=lj= :yfkgf x'gf ;fy b'j} dfWolds ljBfno ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf klg k'Ug ;S5 . o:tf s'/fx¿ klg Vofn ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

ctM ljleGg txsf] ljBfnonfO{ rflxg] Go"gtd hg;ª\Vof lgwf{/0f ug'{sf ;fy} :yfkgf eO;s]sf ljBfnox¿sf] If]q ls6fg u/L To:tf] If]qleq csf]{ ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{nfO{ xtf]T;fx ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM o;;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] ;+nsg tyf ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 .

ljleGg txsf ljBfnodf k'Ug ljBfyL{n] slt 306f ofqf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 ;f];DaGwL ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos 5 . ljz]if u/L sd pd]/ ;d"xsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sd b"/L lxF8\g] u/L k|f=lj=sf] :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf o:tf] ;"rgf ljZn]if0faf6 a9L lxF8g\'kg]{ If]q tyf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug{ d2t k'Ug] x'G5 . ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL ePsf lhNnfx¿df To; k|0ffnLsf] ;"rgfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Laf6 of] ;xh} ljZn]if0f

(68)

ug{ ;lsG5 . o; lzif{s cGtu{t ljut % jif{df ;+rfng ul/Psf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

:jf:Yoo; zLif{s cGtu/t lhNnf leq :jf:Yo;DaGwL jt{dfg l:ylt tyf ;d:ofsf] j0f{g ug{ lgDglnlvtsf] tYof+s l;h{gf ug{ ;lsG5 . sf]/f d[To'b/ (Crude Death Rate) k|lt xhf/

;"q =

u0fgf jif{df ;a} k|sf/sf] sf/0faf6 ePsf] s"n d[ts ;+Vof !)))

u0fgf jif{sf] hg;ª\Vof lzz' d[To'b/ (Infant Mortality Rate) k|lt xhf/

;"q =

u0fgf jif{df ! jif{ d'lg pd]/sf lzz'sf] s"n d[ts ;+Vof !)))

u0fgf jif{df s"n hLljt hGd ;+Vof afn d[To'b/ (Young Child Mortality Rate) k|lt xhf/

;"q =

u0fgf jif{df !–$ jif{ pd]/sf afnssf] s"n d[ts ;+Vof !)))

u0fgf jif{sf] !–$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"x hg;ª\Vof dft[ d[To'b/ (Maternal Mortality Rate) k|lt nfv

;"q =

u0fgf jif{df cfdfsf] d[To' ;+Vof (Maternal Deaths) !,)),)))

u0fgf jif{df s"n lhljt hGd ;+Vof cf}ift hGdb/ -!((!–!(*!_

;"q =

!((! df )–!$ pd]/ ;d"xsf] s"n hg;+Vof

—!(*! df !%–$$ pd]/ ;d"xsf]

dlxnf hg;+Vof !)!(*! df !%–$$ pd]/ ;d"xsf] dlxnf

hg;+Vof:jf:Yo;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿nfO{ lgDglnlvt ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/df j0f{g ug'{k5{M lhNnfleq ;d:ofu|:t ¿kdf /x]sf] !) k|d'v /f]ux¿ tyf tL

/f]uaf6 dg]{sf] ;ª\Vof -pknAw eP;Dd ljut % jif{sf] l:ylt / k|j[lt_

(69)

s'kf]if0f, sd tf}nsf] hGdg] lzz'x¿sf] k|ltzt ;/;kmfOsf] ;"rsM afnaflnsf -)–$ jif{_ x¿df emf8fkvfnf

nfUg] b/ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kof{KttfM s]slt hg;ª\Vofsf]

nflu :jf:YosdL{ -8fS6/, g;{, x]Ny cl;:6]G6, c=x]=j= cflb_, x]N6 kf]i6, ;jx]N6 kf]i6, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, c:ktfn, cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwfno /x]sf] 5 .

/f]u, d[To' tyf :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] lhNnfleqsf] ljt/0f l:ylt (spatial distribution) .

:jf:Yo s]Gb|x¿af6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ :jf:Yo;DaGwL r]tgf hufpg] lzIff (education in health care) sf]

d"Nof+sg . cf}ift cfo' .o; lzif{s cGtu{t :jf:Yo If]qdf ljut % jif{df ;+rfng ul/Psf] cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

v]ns'b tyf qmL*f:yn (Recreation and Parks)

:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf]/~hgsf nflu v'Nnf 7fpF (open space) sf] Joj:yf ug'{ :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'v bfloTj xf] . o:tf] v'nf If]q ljZj vfB ;+u7gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :t/ (FAO

Standard) cg';f/ k|lt !,))) hg;ª\Vofsf] nflu )=% b]lv # x]S6/;Dd x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . lhNnfleq s]slt v'Nnf If]q /x]sf] 5 ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;+sng u/L :yfgLo lgsfosf] lsl;d tyf Ifdtf adf]lhd ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf] kfs{sf] lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ug{sf nflu ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos 5 . v'nf If]qsf] u0fgf ubf{ j:tL, If]q tyf To;sf] glhs ePsf] v'nf If]qsf] dfq lx;fa ug'{kb{5 . sltko ;fj{hlgs hUuf -P]nfgL_ cglws[t ¿kdf sAhf ul/Psf] jf ljBfno jf ;fj{hlgs ejg agfpg] k|rng /x]sf] kfOG5 . ctM o:tf hUufsf] nut lnO{ ;fj{hlgs v]ns'b, d}bfg, kfs{ tyf lqm8f:ynsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ ;Defjgfsf] ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

lhNnfleq /x]sf] wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s :yn (religious and historical

sites) x¿n] ;d]t v'nf If]qsf] sfd ug]{ ePsfn] o:tf If]qsf] ljj/0f tyf ljsf;sf] ;d:of;DaGwL n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

(70)

;dfh sNof-f>L % sf] ;/sf/n] &% jif{ k'u]sf ;dfhsf h]i7 gful/sx¿ / ^) jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf c;xfo ljwjfx¿nfO{ Pjd\ zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czQm eO{ sfd ug{ c;Ifd gful/sx¿nfO{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf dfl;s ¿kdf s]xL eQf /sd k|bfg ul//x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf lhNnfleq o; pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;ª\Vof tyf To;sf] ef}uf]lns ljt/0fsf] ;"rgf tyf o:tf] eQf ljt/0f;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] n]vfhf]vf cfjZos b]lvG5 . ;fy} cgfyf>d, afncf>d, s'i7/f]u cf>d, cGwf, cfkª\u, ljwjf cflbsf] s'g} cf>d ePdf ;f] ;d]tsf] tYof+s ;+sng u/L n]vfhf]vf ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} JolQmut 36gf btf{af6 b]lvPsf] l:yltnfO{ ;d]t o;df ;d]6\g' kb{5 .

;'/IffTds ;]jfcfunfuL, af9L, dxfdf/Lh:tf] b}jLk|sf]k tyf cGo ljklQsf] a]nf tTsfn ;xof]u tyf ;]jf k'¥ofpg cfjZos x'G5 . ;fy} la/fdLx¿sf] nflu PDa'n]G; ;]jfsf] k|aGw ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] o;k|sf/sf] /IffTds ;]jf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos ug]{ k"jf{wf/ l;h{gf ug]{ lbzfdf ePsf] ;d:ofsf] n]vfhf]vf o; zLif{sdf ug'{kg]{5 .

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; l:yltxfd|f] b]zsf] ljsf;qmddf dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf lgs} k5fl8 k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] o; ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f uxg ¿kd x'g' cfjZos 5 . lhNnf leq dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt n}+lus ¿kdf cnu cnu ljZn]if0f u/L lk5l8g'sf jf:tljs sf/0fx¿ v'6\ofpg' kb{5 . ;fy} /fli6«o l:ylt;Fu t'ngf ug]{ u/L t'ngfTds l:ylt tof/ ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL–%_

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gs]f p2]Zo, gLlt / efjgf cg';f/ ;dfhdf ljBdfg c;dfgtfsf] b'/L sd ug]{ / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] :yfkgf ug{ cfjlws of]hgfn] :ki6 wf/0ff /fvL p2]Zo tyf sfo{gLlt to ul/g'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . o; sfo{sf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] l:yltnfO{ lhNnf:t/ / lhNnf leq klg s'g} ljz]if If]qdf ljz]if kl/l:ylt /x]df To;sf] hfgsf/L tYo tYof+s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts /

(71)

cfly{s kl/j]zdf ljZn]if0f u/L pko'Qm gLlt th'{df ul/g' kg]{ x'G5 . tL gLltx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg ;fwf/0f sfo{qmd / ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿sf] dfWodaf6 cfjlws of]hgf leqdf dlxnf–k'?if / afnaflnsfaLrsf] b'/L slt sd ug{ ;lsG5 :ki6 ;"rsf+ssf cfwf/df nIo tf]Sg] kl/kf6L a;fpg ljz]if kl/R5]bsf] Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 .

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] l:yltnfO{ lgDglnlv d'Vo lzif{sx¿df /fvL ljZn]if0f ul/g' kb{5 .

-!_ z}lIfs l:ylt– dlxnf ;fIf/tf k|ltztafn / aflnsf egf{ b/ afn / afnaflnsf aLrsf] egf{ b/sf] b'/L -k|ltztdf_aflnsf ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ lzIfs÷lzlIfsf ;+Vof – k|lt lzIfs afnaflnsf ;+Vofdlxnf k'?if lzIfs cg'kft–k|fylds, lgDgdfWolds, dfWolds :t/

-@_ :jf:Yo l:ylt– dft[ d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_k|hgg :jf:Yo

dft[ ;]jfsf] l:ylt hGdfGt/ l:ylt

vf]k (TT), cfof]8fOH8 g"g lng]x¿sf] ;+Vof

;'/lIft dft[Tj – :jf:YosdL{sf] /]vb]vdf lzz' hGd

-#_ /f]huf/ l:ylt pTkfbglzn (productive) sfo{df dlxnfx¿ M cf}krfl/s s[lif, pBf]u sfo{ ;+nUgtf / cgf}krfl/s sfo{df ;]jf, Joj;fo cflbdf ;+nUgtf af/] ljZn]if0f ug]{ .-s_ :ofxf/ ;+ef/ sfo{df dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsfM

afnaflnsfx¿sf] x]/rfx, 3/]n' wGbf,

r'nf], rf}sf, hfFtf] l9sL, ;/;kmfO, kfgL cf];fg]{ cflb

-v_ /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf – :yfgLo :t/ – j8f

(72)

– uflj; – lhlj;

– /fli6«o :t/ – ;+;b– k|ltlglw;ef – /fli6«o;ef

/fhgLlts÷;fd'bflos sfo{ – community role

M cf}krfl/s ¿kdf k|ltlglwTj ;d"x a}7s, /fhgLlts eft[ ;+u7gdf k|ltlglwTj cflb

-u_ cfly{s pTkfbg If]qdf k|ToIf /f]huf/ z}lIfs If]q –k|zf;lgs –gf]s/L –Jofkf/ –pBdL –

-$_ j}jflxs l:ylt – ljjfxsf] pd]/ -cf};t_5f]8kq (divorce) ;ª\Vof jf b/ ljw'jf, kl/ToQmf ;+Vof jf b/

-%_ dlxnf 3/d'nL ;+Vof-^_ 3/]n'÷;fdflhs pTkL8g (violence) l:ylt -&_ cgf}krfl/s If]qsf] /f]huf/ l:ylt -*_ dlxnf a]rlavg tyf >lds l:ylt / sf/0f-(_ k'gM:yflkt dlxnf ;+Vof / k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ ;+:yfx¿-!)_ dlxnf lj?4 x'g] e]befj ;DaGwL ;fdflhs s'/Llt / k/Dk/fsf]

lrq0f-!!_ ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿df kx'Fr, ;xeflutf / ;fwg ;|f]t dflysf]

lgoGq0f Joj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{

afnaflnsfsf] hg;+Vof)–! jif{sf] afnaflnsf -afns– _ -aflnsf– _!–% jif{sf] afnaflnsf -afns– _ -aflnsf– _^–!% jif{sf] afnaflnsf -afns– _ -

aflnsf– _– vf]k l:ylt – BCG/DPT/Polio –

– le6fldg P, cfof]l8g –

(73)

– afn >lds l:ylt – afn;/f]sf/ s]Gb|x¿sf] ;+Vof / k'¥ofO/x]sf] ;]jf – afnpBfg÷kfs{ / lqm8f:yn– cgfy afnaflnsf– ;8s afnaflnsf– lzz' sIff – afnaflnsf ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs hfu/0f l:ylt / afn clwsf/ – lhNnf n}ª\lus ljsf; l:ylt ;"rs – GDI

pk]lIft, pTkLl*t, blnt tyf hghfltsf] l:ylt;dfhdf ;fdflhs / cfly{s ¿kn] lk5l8Psf hfthflt / k/Dk/fsfnb]lv g} ckx]lnt, pk]lIft ju{sf] jf:tljs lhNnfut j:t'l:ylt kQf nufO{ ltgLx¿sf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs l:yltsf] ljZn]if0faf6 ltgLx¿sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg / ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf u/fpg ;d]t cfjlws of]hgfaf6 ;3fp k'Ug hfg] p2]Zon] 5'§} kl/R5]b /fVg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf / lhNnf leqsf ljz]if If]qdf s'g hflt, s'g hghflt / s'g k|sf/sf blnt tyf pk]lIft ju{sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5, :Ki6 p2]Zo / sfo{gLlt lgwf{/0f u/L tbg';f/ nlIft / ;fwf/0f kl/k"/s sfo{qmdx¿ th'{df ug{ ;3fp k'Ug hfg]5 .

o;/L sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ tL hflt hghfltnfO{ kl/nlIft u/L tYof+ssf dfWodaf6 l:ylt ljZn]if0f ug{ h?/L x'G5 . pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blnt tyf hghfltsf] l:yltnfO{ lgDglnlvt zLif{sdf /fvL ljZn]if0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

!= -s_ pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blntsf] lsl;d – hflt / y/ cg';f/ juL{s/0f ug]{ ;+Vof – kl/jf/ – dlxnf÷k'?if -y/ / hflt cg';f/_

-v_ hghfltsf] lsl;d – hft / y/ cg';f/ juL{s/0f ug]{ ;+Vof – kl/jf/ – hg;+Vof -dlxnf÷k'?if_

@= z}lIfs l:ylt;fIf/tf b/ -blnt, pk]lIft / pTkLl8tsf] / hghflt, cflbjf;Lsf]

5'§f5'§} /fVg]_

(74)

#= ul/jLsf] :t/ M ul/jLsf] /]vf d'lg /x]sf kl/jf/ ;+Vof -ul/jLsf] /]vf d'lg lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df_

$= /f]huf/ l:ylt k]zf– cgf}krfl/s cf}krfl/s

s[lif – gf]s/L – b]z leq / aflx/v]tLkftL ;dosf] Hofnfbf/L z}lIfs If]q –

;]jf Joj;fo – cfˆg} jf csf{sf]

pBf]u÷Joj;fodf sfd ug]{

%= :jf:Yo l:ylt^= ;fd'bflos / /fhgLlts lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj

-s_ ;d'bfo :t/ – ;d"x÷;+:yf tyf ;xsf/Ldf k|ltlglwTj -v_ :yfgLo :t/df k|ltlglwTj – lgjf{lrt÷dgf]lgt-u_ s]Gb|Lo :t/df k|ltlglwTj – lgjf{lrt÷dgf]lgt

-&_ kx'“rM ljleGg ;fwg ;|f]t;Ddsf] kx'Fr l:ylt, ;xeflutfsf] :t/ / lgoGq0fsf] dfWod

o;/L ljZn]if0f u/L b]lvPsf ;"rgfsf cfwf/df pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blnt tyf hghfltsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] nlIft sfo{qmdx¿sf] th'{dfdf ul/g'k5{ .

4.4.11 jg tyf jftfj/-f Joj:yfkgo; lzif{s cGtu{t b]xfosf If]qx¿sf] jt{dfg cj:yf, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿sf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 .

– jg If]qsf] l:ylt– jg ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf– jg pTkfbg tyf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf– u|fdL0f tyf zx/L jftfj/0f l:ylt– kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg– e"–b[Zo Joj:yfkg (landscape management)

jg If]qsf] l:ylt

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o; lzif{s cGtu{t lhNnf leq s] slt jg If]q /x]sf] 5 < jg If]qdWo] jgn] 9fs]sf] If]q (forest canopy) slt 5 < 3fF;] d}bfg (grassland) slt 5 < v'nf If]q (deforested land) slt 5 < s'g} klg lsl;dsf] jg k}bfjf/ glgsfNg] u/L ;+/lIft jg (protection forest) sf] ¿kdf s] slt jg ;+/lIft ul/Psf] 5 -kfs{, ;/sf/L jg cflb_ < Joj;flos ¿kn] pTkfbg lng ;lsg] u/L pTkfbg jg (production forest)

sf] ¿kdf s] slt jg /flvPsf] 5 -;/sf/L jg, lghL jg, ;fd'bflos jg, lnh jg cflb_ < ;f] sf] ljj]rgf u/L jg If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿sf] ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

jg ;+/If-f tyf h}ljs ljljwtfo; lzif{s cGtu{t jg ;+/If0fsf s] s:tf ultljlw ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 < ;+/If0f jg leq s] s:tf hflt k|hfltsf jg:klt tyf hLjhGt'x¿ kfOG5g\ < jg ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtfdf ;Gt'ng Nofpg] ljifodf s] s:tf ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿ 5g\ ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;df jg kmF8fgL tyf sf7 rf]/L tyf rf]/L lzsf/L (poaching) sf] ;d:ofsf] ;d]t ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

jg pTkfbg tyf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfo; zLif{s cGtu{t b]xfosf ljifox¿sf] ljZn]if0f u/L jt{dfg l:ylt, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿sf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 .

;fd'bflos jgsf] If]qkmn, cfDbfgL, jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx¿ sf7 (timber) pTkfbg, dfu tyf cfk"lt{, /fh:j u}/ sf7 jg pTkfbg (NTFP), dfu tyf cfk"lt{, /fh:j bfp/f (fuelwood) pTkfbg, dfu tyf cfk"lt{, /fh:j bfp/f a]rL hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{ ;d"x tyf jg ljgf; j}slNks phf{, w'Fjf/lxt r'Nxf]sf] ljsf; tyf jg ;+/If0f

u|fdL-f tyf zx/L jftfj/-f l:yltu|fdL0f tyf zx/L If]qsf] jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx¿ leGbfleGb} x'gfn] 5'§f5'§} ¿kdf jftfj/0fLo If]qsf] jt{dfg l:ylt, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . u|fdL0f If]qtkm{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf :yfg v'Ng] u/L b]xfosf] ljifosf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

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ljiffbL tyf ljB't t/+u k|of]u u/L df5f dfg]{ k|rng kfgL d'xfgsf] k|b"if0f e"ldut hn ;tx ;Gt'ng cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0f rkL{sf] sdLsf] sf/0f x'g] k|b"if0f e"–:vng, af9L tyf klx/f] s[lif e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf x|f; vf]nf, gbL tyf tfn k|b"if0f

zx/L jftfj/0ftkm{ gu/kflnsf tyf %))) eGbf a9L hg;ª\Vof /x]sf] j:tL ljz]ifdf b]xfosf] ljifosf] ljZn]if0f ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

;jf/L ;fwg ;ª\Vof, 6«flkms rfk tyf ;f]af6 ePsf] jfo' tyf Wjlg k|b"if0f pBf]ux¿sf] :yn tyf cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0f 9n tyf gfnf Joj:yfkg tyf ;f]af6 l;h{gf ePsf] k|b"if0f vf]nf, gbL tyf tfn k|b"if0f e"ldut (underground) hn ;tx ;Gt'ng

_n lgsf; (Sewage/Drainage) / kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ljZn]if0f ;Fu;Fu} 9n lgsf;;DaGwL Joj:yf cfjZos /xG5 . ljz]if u/L 3gfhg;ª\Vof ePsf] j:tL tyf gu/If]qdf 3/fozL k|of]ukl5 aflxl/g] kfgL (domestic sewage) tyf jiff{tsf] kfgLsf] lgsf; (storm runoff) sf] Joj:yf ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;d:of ePsf gu/ tyf j:tLx¿sf] ;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . ;fy} kmf]x/d}nfsf] pTkfbg slt 5, To;sf] agfj6 s:tf] 5, 3/ kl/jf/df s;/L Jojl:yt ug]{ rng 5 < ;+sng / clGtd yfGsf] s;/L nufpg] ul/Psf] 5 < o;sf] Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ s] s] 5g\ < kmf]x/d}nfsf] jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yodf s] s:tf] c;/ kfl//fv]sf] 5 cflb ;DaGwL tYof+s / ;"rgf ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ .

o; zLif{s cGtu{t gu/kflnsf tyf sDtLdf %))) ;Dd hg;ª\Vof ePsf] d'Vo j:tLdf kmf]xf]/d}nf ;DaGwL ;d:of tyf Joj:yfkgsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . pNn]lvt :yfgx¿df ;]ˆ6L 6}+s ePsf] rkL{x¿ lgdf{0f ug]{ k|rng s] s:tf] 5 < 9n (sewage) nfO{ :jR5 (treatment) ul/Psf] 5 5}g < 3/af6 s] slt

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kl/df0fdf kmf]xf]/d}nf lg:sG5 / ;f]sf] ;ª\sng tyf Joj:yfkg s] s;/L eO/x]sf] 5 ;f] sf] ljj]rgf u/L xfnsf] l:ylt, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

e"–b[Zo Joj:yfkg (Landscape Management)

kxf8, lxdfn, gbL lsgf/, tfn, tn}of, jg hª\un tyf 7"nf kmfF6x¿ x]bf{ cfsif{s tyf /d0fLo x'G5g\ . o:tf /d0fLo :ynx¿n] ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ x'G5 . o:tf :ynx¿df dfgjLo ultljlw a9\gf;fy ljsf; ultljlwx¿ ;~rfngdf cfpg] / ;f]af6 e"–b[Zo vNalng] x'Fbf ;f]sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg h?/L x'G5 . lhNnf leq o:tf dgdf]xs /d0fLo :ynx¿ (attractive physiographic features) sxfF sxfF, s] s:tf] cj:yfdf 5g\ < ltgLx¿sf] cfsif{0fnfO{ cIf'0o /fVg] ljifodf s] s:tf ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

4.4.12 ;+:yfut ;|f]t tyf Ifdtfcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf cjlw leq s] slt ;|f]t pknAw x'g ;S5, cfof]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhNnf:t/df k|fljlws Ifdtf (technological capacity) tyf Joj:yfksLo bIftf (managerial

efficiency) s:tf] 5 eGg] ljifodf n]vfhf]vf u/L ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ljj]rgf o; lzif{scGtu{t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ o; lzif{snfO{ lgDglnlvt tLg pklzif{sdf ljeQm u/L ljZn]if0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g]5 .

!= ljQLo ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0f@= :yfgLo k|fljlws Ifdtf ljZn]if0f#= of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljZn]if0f $= cGt/–lhNnf ;DaGw

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ljQLo ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if-f s'g} klg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu tof/ ul/g] x'Fbf of]hgf tyf sfof{GjogaLrsf] vf8n (gap) hlt Go"g ug{ ;lsof] Tolt g} of]hgf ;kmn dflgG5 . of]hgf cjlwe/df cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ;|f]t (demand) tyf pknAw x'g] ljQLo ;|f]t (supply) aLrsf] km/snfO{ Go"gtd /fVgsf nflu pknAw ;|f]tsf cfwf/df of]hgf tof/ ug]{ xf] jf of]hgf tof/ u/]kl5 cfjZos ;|f]tsf] vf]hL ug]{ xf] eGg] ljifodf sltko lhNnfx¿df cGof]n /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

xfn s]xL lhNnfx¿n] pknAw x'g ;Sg] ljQLo ;|f]tsf] %)–^) k|ltzt;Dd a9L x'g] u/L of]hgf th'{df u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cflhljof]df ;|f]tsf] nflu dfu tyf cfk"lt{aLrsf] olt 7"nf] vf8n (financial gap) s;/L x6fpg] xf] ;f] sf] ljZj;gLo cfwf/ tyf ;|f]t h'6fpg] pko'Qm / 7f]; /0fgLlt of]hgf th'{dfs} a]nf vf]lhg'kg]{ x'G5 . s]Gb|sf] bfFhf]df lhNnfsf] cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ Ifdtf ck]Iffs[t ¿kdf lgs} sd x'g] x'Fbf lhNnfnfO{ ljut kfFr jif{leq s] slt ljQLo ;|f]t pknAw x'g ;Sof] / ;f]sf] cf}ift j[l4b/ slt lyof] < ljut % jif{df cfGtl/s tyf jfXo ;|f]t kl/rfng slt eof] < / ;f]sf] cf};t j[l4b/ slt lyof] < ljut % jif{df s] slt hg;xeflutf kl/rfng x'g ;Sof] < lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 ljut % jif{df cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf] ;[hgfdf s] slt /sd kl/rfng x'g ;Sof] tyf ;f]sf] cf}ift j[l4b/ slt lyof] cflbsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f u/L (regression

analysis) cflhljof] cjlwdf s] slt ljQLo ;|f]t pknAw x'g ;S5 ;f] sf] k|If]k0f (projection) ug'{k5{ . o;sf cfwf/df dfq cflhljof]sf] nIfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{ a9L Jofjxfl/s x'g]5 . tyflk ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff eg]sf] ljutdf hlt ul/of] ;f]xL ultdf cufl8 a9\g' eGbf (trend scenario) yk k|of; u/L cufl8 a9\g' xf] (development scenario)

ctM ljBdfg :yfgLo Ifdtfdf clej[l4 u/L s]xL ;|f]t vf8n (resource

gap) nfO{ yk ljQLo ;fwg (financial instruments) af6 k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf :yfgLo :jzf;g P]g tyf lgodn] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/ If]qnfO{ k|of]u u/L s] slt yk cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfng ug{ ;lsG5 tyf s] slt yk hg;xeflutf kl/rfng ug{ ;lsG5 ;f] sf] ;Defjgfsf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 .

cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pknAw x'g] ;|f]tsf] cg'dfg ubf{ cflhljof]sf] b]xfocg';f/sf] cfGtl/s tyf jfXo

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jftfj/0fleq ;d]6\g] lgsfo tyf sfo{qmdsf] ljut % jif{df ePsf] cfDbfgL jf ljlgof]hgsf] cfwf/ lng'k5{ . – lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfo – sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmddf kl/rfng ePsf] hg;xeflutf – ljifout sfof{nox¿af6 sfof{Gjog ePsf] lhNnf:t/Lo

sfo{qmddf ljlgof]lht /sd– ljifout sfof{nox¿af6 sfof{Gjog ePsf] s]Gb|Lo:t/

sfo{qmddf ljlgof]lht /sd– u};;x¿n] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]

{ sfo{qmddf vr{ u/]sf] /sd– lghL If]qn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]

{ sfo{qmddf nufgL u/]sf] /sd– lhNnfsf] ;f+;b ;b:ox¿af6 kl/rfng x'g] /sd o; ;DaGwL tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ;xof]uL x'g] s]xL gd"gf kmf/fdx¿ cg';"rL–^ -s, v, u, 3_ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfolhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]tnfO{ s/ (tax), u}/s/ (non-tax) tyf cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j afF8kmfF8 (grants, aids and allotment) u/L tLg efudf afF8\g ;lsG5 h;dWo] s/ tyf u}/s/ /fh:j lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfGtl/s cfo;|f]t (local income) xf] . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgdfojnLdf ePsf] Joj:yf cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;8s, af6f], k'n, l;FrfO, s'nf] tyf kf]v/Lsf] k|of]u÷pkef]ustf{x¿af6 s/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} vf]6f], hl8a'6L, jgs;, sjf8L, pmg, 9'ª\uf, :n]6, afn'jf, d[t hgfj/sf] xf8, l;ª, KjfFv tyf 5fnf ;ª\snsx¿af6 s/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . pNn]lvt s/x¿ ljut % jif{df s] slt ;+sng eof], p7]sf] s/ /fh:j / ;f]sf] jflif{s j[l4b/sf] cfwf/df pNn]lvt s/sf ;|f]tx¿ sltsf] l:y/ jf ljZj;gLo (stable) 5g\, s/ p7fpg] ljlw (tax

collection methods) s] s:tf] 5, p7]sf] s/ cfDbfgL afFWg] tyf s/ p7\g ;s] g;s]sf] x]g]{ k|0ffnL (reporting system) s:tf] 5, s] slt s/ p7fpg g;sL afFsL jSof}tf /x]sf] 5 / s/ c;'nL b/ s:tf] 5 ;f]sf] ljZnif0f u/L s/ kl/rfng If]qdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿sf] klxrfg u/L yk s/ p7fpg] tyf s/sf] c;'nL b/df clej[l4 ug{ ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/ sfo{x¿ ;d]t nlIft u/L ;f]sf]

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cfwf/df cflhljof] cjlwe/ s] slt s/ tyf u}/s/ /fh:j cfDbfgL x'g ;S5 ;f]sf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljsf; tyf sfo{qmd cg'bfgsf] ¿kdf ah]6 tyf lhG;L ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] k|fKt ug]{ b:t'/ tyf /f]oN6Lsf] tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] sfg"gL k|fjwfg ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ s] s:tf] cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j afF8kmfF8 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;f]sf] jflif{s j[l4b/ slt 5, ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lbPsf] jflif{s÷cfjlws l;lnª ;d]tsf]cfwf/df cflhljof] cjlwe/ k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j afF8kmfF8sf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL–&_

sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf kl/rfng ePsf] hg;xeflutf l:ylt ljZn]if-f tyf k|If]k-f:yfgLo:t/df sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ a9LeGbf a9L :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf] ;xeflutf / >d kl/rfng x'g ;Sg] ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] x'Fbf pkef]Qmfx¿af6 gub, j:t'ut >d / To:t} cGo of]ubfg kl/rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf lhNnfsf] gLlt, /0fgLltsf] ;dLIff ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf:t/df ljut % jif{df s]

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slt d"No a/fa/sf] hg;xeflutf kl/rfng x'g ;Sof], hg;xeflutfsf] jflif{s j[l4b/ s:tf] 5, s] s:tf] cfof]hgfx¿df hg;xeflutf a9L p7\g ;Sg] tyf s] s:tf cfof]hgfx¿df hg;xeflutf sd p7\g] ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ;fy} hg;xeflutf kl/rfngdf b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ljj]rgf ug'{sf ;fy} cflhljof] cjlwdf lng'kg]{ gLlt / /0fgLltsf] pNn]v u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df s] slt d"No a/fa/sf] hg;xeflutf kl/rfng x'g ;Sg] xf] ;f]sf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL–&_

lhNnf:t/Lo ljifout sfo{qmddf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k-flhNnfl:yt ljleGg ljifout sfof{no tyf ;+:yfgx¿n] ;+rfng u/]sf lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{qmd, cfof]hgf jf ultljlwx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pNn]lvt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] s'n nfut tyf ljifout lgsfox¿df ljut % jif{df jif]{gL ljgof]lht ah]6sf] ljZn]if0f u/L lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmddf k|fKt ah]6sf] j[l4b/sf] u0fgf u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cflhljof] cjlwd/df k|bfg ug]{ ah]6 cg'dfg -l;lnª\_ sf] cfwf/df ;d]t lhNnf:t/Lo ljifout sfo{qmdsf] ah]6 k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL–&_

s]Gb|Lo:t/ ljifout sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfdf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k-flhNnfl:yt ljleGg ljifout sfof{no, ;+:yf tyf cfof]hgfx¿n] ;+rfng u/]sf s]Gb|Lo:t/ sfo{qmdsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pNn]lvt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] s"n nfut ljut % jif{df jif]{gL ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] ljZn]if0f u/L s]Gb|Lo:t/ sfo{qmddf k|fKt ah]6sf] j[l4b/sf] u0fgf u/L cflhljof] cjlwe/df s]Gb|Lo:t/ ljifout sfo{qmddf k|fKt x'g ;Sg] ah]6sf] k|If]k0f ug{ ;lsG5 . -cg';"rL–^_

u};;x?n] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k-flhNnfsf] ljsf; sfo{df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ k|d'v lx:;]bf/ (partner)

sf] ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . sltko u};;x¿n] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s k"FhL lgdf{0f tyf dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ;d]t lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ . lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljleGg :yfgLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o u};;x¿n] ljut % jif{df s] s:tf

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ultljlw ;+rfng u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]sf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pNn]lvt ultljlwx¿ ;+rfng ug{ ljut % jif{sf] cjlwdf k|To]s jif{ s] slt ah]6 vr{ u/]sf] xf] ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f u/L jflif{s j[l4b/sf] u0fgf u/L cflhljof] cjlwe/df u};; If]qaf6 cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{df pknAw x'g ;Sg] ;|f]tsf] k|If]k0f ug'{kg]{5 . o;sf nflu u};;x¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L 5'§} sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwL ;dli6ut tYof+s b]vfpg] Pp6f gd"gf cg';"rL–* df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lghL If]qn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k-fk"FhL (capital), t/n (liquid) tyf l:y/ (fixed) b''j} x'g ;S5 . t/n k"FhLnfO{ ejg, e"ld, :6«Sr/ cflbsf] ¿kdf l:y/ ;DklQ (fixed

assets) df kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 t/n k"FhLnfO{ l:y/ k"FhLdf kl/jt{g ul/of] eg] To;nfO{ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f (infrastructure) elgG5 eg] lghL If]qaf6 x'g] o;k|sf/sf] kl/jt{gnfO{ nufgL (investment) elgG5 . ahf/ cy{Joj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf lghL If]qsf] nufgL lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tyf jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ul/lbg' klg xf] .

;fdfGotof t/n k"FhLnfO{ l:y/t k"FhLdf kl/jt{g u/L k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{ ;/sf/L If]qsf] eP tfklg xfnsf jif{x¿df lghL If]qnfO{ k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{, lglZrt cjlwe/ ;f] k"jf{wf/ ;+rfng u/L nfut p7fpg] / To;kl5 To:tf k"jf{wf/ ;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg u/fpg] ul/Psf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf] Joj:yfnfO{ ælgdf{0f, ;+rfng tyf x:tfGt/0f (build, operate and transfer/BOT) elgG5 .

lghL If]q ljz]ifu/L Joj;foL ju{ (business membership organization) sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 tyf ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u ;+3x¿n] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;d]t ;+rfng u/]sf 5g\ . ctM ljut % jif{df lghL If]qn] o:tf sfo{qmdx¿df s] slt nufgL u/]sf 5g\ -cg';"rL–&_ . BOT k|0ffnLnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ s] s:tf ;d:ofx¿ 5g\, s] s:tf sfo{qmdx¿ BOT k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;+rfng x'g ;S5 ;f]sf] ;d]t ljj]rgf u/L cflhljof] cjlwe/ lghL If]qaf6 cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug{sf nflu pknAw x'g ;Sg] nufgLsf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu lghL If]q;Fu ;dGjo u/L 5'§} sfo{zfnf

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uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . o;sf cfwf/df lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf If]q / k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ul/lbg'k5{ .

:yfgLo hgzlQm tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf ljZn]if-f cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhNnfdf pknAw hgzlQm tyf k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] ljj]rgf u/L ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿ klxNofpg' k5{ . of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf nflu ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ tYof+s tyf ;"rgfx¿ cfjZos k5{ t/ o:tf ;"rgf tyf tYof+sx¿sf] ;[hgf tyf ljZn]if0f x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f lhNnfdf ljsf; Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsfl/tf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf lhNnfl:yt ljifout sfof{nox¿sf] tYof+s Joj:yfkg Ifdtf (data management capability) tyf cg'udg–d"Nof+sg Ifdtf (monitoring and evaluation capability) sf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;d:ofx¿ :ki6 ¿kn] klxrfg ug'{k5{ .

of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ Ifdtf lhNnfdf s:tf] 5 ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f dxTjk"0f{ 5 . o;sf] nflu ;j{k|yd ljut % jif{df ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿sf] ef}lts k|ultsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 . nIoadf]lhd k|ult xfl;n ug{ lsg ;lsPg < lhNnfdf k|fljlws hgzlQm b/aGbL adf]lhd pknAw 5g\ 5}gg\ jf slt ;dob]lv l/Qm /x]sf] 5 < s] s:tf] sfo{sf nflu hgzlQm lhNnfdf pknAw 5}gg\ / o;af6 nIoadf]lhd k|ult xfl;n ug{ k/]sf] ;d:ofaf/] ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

;fy} lhNnfdf xfn pknAw / eljiodf x'g] dfu tyf cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] cf+sng ug'{k5{ . pknAw hgzlQmsf xsdf s'g txsf hgzlQmn] s:tf] tflnd kfPsf 5g\, ;f] ;d]t ;d]6L lhNnfsf] hgzlQm ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ug'{k5{ . eljiosf nflu cfjZos hgzlQmsf] l:yltsf cfwf/df yk cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf cfjZos ePdf ;f] ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljZn]if-f lhNnfdf ljsf; sfo{df ;+nUg lgsfox¿sf] of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog k|lqmof s:tf] 5 < :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof lhNnfdf :yflkt ePsf] 5, 5}g < tYof+sLo cfwf/ / cBfjlws ug]{ k4lt slQsf] bl/nf]

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5 < tYof+ssf] pkof]u, k|rf/ k|;f/, n]gb]g / ;femf pkof]usf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 < ;xeflutfTds of]hgf k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg s] s:tf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 < pNn]lvt ;+:yfut Joj:yfdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg s] s:tf] hgzlQm tyf k|lqmofsf] cjnDjg ul/Psf] 5 < ;f] sf] ljj]rgf x'g cfjZos 5 .

lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] ;a} ljifox¿ (sector) ;d]6\g] x'Fbf of] Ps PsLs[t ax'ljifos ljsf; of]hgf (integrated multi-sectoral development)

xf] . o;sf] th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfox¿aLr ;dGjo tyf ;Dks{ x'g' h?/L 5 . lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'[df tyf sfof{Gjogdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf cu|0fL x'G5 . ctM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] c;dembf/L (misunderstanding) tyf c;xdlt (disagreement) x6fpg ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfox¿aLr lg/Gt/ ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg x'g] u/L cGt/lqmof (communication) sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} cK7\of/f] kl/l:ylt (bottleneck situation) tyf d'Vo d'Vo d'2fx¿ (key areas) df ultljlw s]Gb|Lt ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmd tyf ultljlwx¿aLr ;fd~h:o (harmony)

Nofpg ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfonfO{ k|]l/t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;dGjo tyf ;+hfn (coordination and

networking) k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . o; kl/k|]Iodf ljut % jif{df s] s:tf k|of;x¿ ePsf 5g\ < o:tf] k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] lbzfdf s] s:tf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;+:yfut ;dGjo tyf ;+hfnsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDgadf]lhd lgsfox¿n] s] s:tf sfo{qmd tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ / oL sfof{nox¿sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf cGo sfof{no;Fu ;DaGw, ;dGjo tyf ;+rf/ s:tf] 5 < tyf s;/L ePsf] 5 < eGg] s'/f ljZn]if0fsf] qmddf :ki6 cfpg' h?/L 5 . ;fy} ;f]sf] k|efj ;+rflnt sfo{qmd tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ s:tf] k/]sf] 5 ;f] ;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds l6Kk0fL u/L ;d:of tyf ;dfwfg klxNofpg'kg]{ x'G5 .

!= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ -:yfgLo, /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o_@= ;xsf/L, pkef]Qmf ;d"x, :jfjnDjL ;+:yf, art tyf C0f ;d"x

cflb h:tf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx¿ (community based organization including cooperatives, users group, self-help groups, saving credit group)

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#= a}ª\lsª tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ -jfl0fHo a}+s, ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL cflb_

$= Jofkf/ tyf Joj;foL ;d"x -pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, xf]6n ;+3, oftfoft Joj;fo ;+3, lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3, n]vfk/LIf0f ;+:yf, sfg"g Joj;foL, cGo_

%= :yfgLo lgsfox¿ -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsf_

^= ljifout sfof{nox¿ tyf ;+:yfx¿

;|f]t pkof]u l:yltM :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] ah]6 vr{sf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;|f]t pkof]u l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ljifodf ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 . -cg';"rL–^s, ^v, ^u, ^3_

sd{rf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo kbflwsf/L, cfly{s ;xof]u, e}k/L tyf k"FhL lgdf{0fdf s] slt cg'kftdf vr{ ePsf] 5 lzif{sut vr{ ljZn]if0f :yfgLo lgsfosf] ljlgof]hg, lgsf;f tyf vr{sf] b/ ;~rflnt cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof, cfsf/ tyf lsl;d tyf cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ b/ a]?h' /sd, a]?h' j[l4 b/ tyf km5\of}{6sf] l:ylt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfo tyf pkof]u b/

cGt/–lhNnf ;DaGw (Inter-district relationship)

sltko ljsf; ;d:ofx¿sf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu l5d]sL lhNnfx¿;Fu ;Dks{ tyf ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ x'G5 tyf lhNnfsf] kl/lwdfly p7]/ If]qLo :t/df of]hgf th'{df ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM cGt/–lhNnf ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug]{ vfnsf ljutdf s] s:tf k|of;x¿ eP ;f]sf] ljj]rgf u/L cGt/–lhNnf ;DaGwsf] cfwf/df ;fd"lxs k|of;åf/f ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ ;d:ofx¿sf] ljZn]if0f o; lzif{s cGtu{t ug'{kg]{5 . ;fy} log} ;d:ofx¿nfO{ If]qLo :t/sf] ;+hfn a}7s (regional networking

meeting) df j:t'ut ¿kdf p7fO{ If]qLo :t/df ;fem]bf/L ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' k5{ . -o; ;DaGwdf cufl8 cg'R5]b @=%=% df rrf{ ul/;lsPsf] 5 ._

4.4.11 ljZn]if-fsf ljleGg tf}/tl/sf / cf}hf/x?sf] k|of]u

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dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ tYof+s tyf ;"rgfx¿sf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v ePb]lv cltl/Qm cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg tf}/tl/sf / ljZn]if0f cf}hf/ (analytical tools)

x¿sf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ x'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfjZostf x]/L ltgLx¿sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lhNnf ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df :yfgut ljsf; (spatial development) sf cf}hf/x¿ a9L ;fGble{s / pkof]uL x'g ;S5g\ . logLx¿sf] af/]df ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] tof/ u/L k|sflzt u/]sf] "Manual for District Development

Planners" ;xof]uL x'g ;S5 .

;fy} xfd|f] b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs agf}6sf ;Gbe{df x/]s tYof+s ;+sng ubf{ n}+lus ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ;Dej eP;Dd k|To]s ;"rssf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] cnu cnu ;+sng ug'{k5{ / dlxnf / k'?ifsf] l:ylt s] s:tf] /x]5 egL t'ngfTds ¿kdf ljZn]if0f ul/g'k5{ . n}+lus ljZn]if0sf ljleGg tl/sfx¿ 5g\ . tL ;a} oxfF pNn]v ug'{ ;Dej / ;fGble{s gePsf] x'Fbf n}+lus ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;xof]uL x'g] s]xL ;+lIfKt dfu{bz{gx¿ cg';"rL–( df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

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4.5 lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf ljZn]if-f sfo{zfnf uf]i&L ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if1sf] ;]jf ;d]t lnO{ lhNnfsf] ljBdfg cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ljifout (sectoral) tyf If]qut (spatial) ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx¿ ;d]6\g] u/L 5f]6f] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{k5{ . To;kl5 lhNnf ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} ;fem]bf/x¿aLr 5nkmn tyf ljrf/ljdz{ (deliberation) sf] nflu k|:t't ug{ Ps jf b'O{lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{kb{5 .

o; uf]i7Ldf lhNnf ;"rgf ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/x¿, o;df ckgfOPsf tl/sfx¿ / ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt ;dli6ut ;"rgfx¿ (development issues,

problems, potentials, and challenges) nfO{ k|:t't u/L 5nkmn ug'{kb{5 . To;df 5'6 x'g uPsf s'g} dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx¿ eP ;xefuLx¿af6 k|fKt ;'emfjsf cfwf/df ;j{;Ddltdf k'uL lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0fnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbOG5 . o;sf] k|lqmof / o; ;DjlGw lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr–!) df lbOPsf] 5 .

4.6 lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f b:tfj]h k|sfzg uf]i7Laf6 cfPsf ;'emfj / ePsf lg0f{ox¿sf cfwf/df cBfjlws ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿ eP ;f] ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0fnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg'sf ;fy} k|sfzg ;d]t ug'{ kb{5 . of] j:t'ut lrq0f cflhljof]sf] klxnf] b:tfj]h xf] .

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of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df(Planning and Programming)

5.1 e"ldsfcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] klxnf] efusf] ¿kdf lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tyf ljZn]if0f b:tfj]h tof/ ePkl5 cflhljof] th'{dfsf] bf];|f] r/0fdf k|j]z ug'{k5{ . o; r/0fdf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df (planning and programming) ug]{, cfjlws of]hgfsf] cjlwe/ ;+rfng ul/g] k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf k|fyldstf k|fKt kl/of]hgfx¿sf] 5gf}6 tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf tof/ ug]{ h:tf sfo{x¿ kb{5g\ . pNn]lvt sfo{x¿sf] cfwf/df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] bf];|f] efu tof/ ug'{k5{ .

o; cg'R5]bdf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ k|lqmof, cg'R5]b–^ df k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfx¿ tyf sfof{Gjog cfof]hgf th'{df ug]{ k|lqmofsf] af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

5.2 lhNnf ljsf;sf r'gf}lt tyf cj;/x?lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f kZrft\ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df r/0fdf k|j]z ul/G5 . of]hgfn] jt{dfgsf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg] x'gfn] ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fsf] lgrf]8sf cfwf/df ljsf;sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ k'gM Psk6s s]nfO{ r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf /x]sf k|d'v ;d:ofx¿sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{k5{ . o;}u/L :yfgLo txdf pknAw cj;/ / ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy} ljutsf ljsf; k|of; tyf pknlAwsf] t'ngfTds l:ylt tyf ljsf; ultsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn] ug'{kg}{5 .

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5

5.2.1 ljsf;sf k|d'v ;d:of ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] lhNnf ljsf;sf k|d'v ;jfn / ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L k|f/lDes txsf] ljZn]if0f ;d]t u'g{k5{ . oL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfj]z ubf{ lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fdf tYok"0f{ Pjd\ j:t'k/s ¿kdf ;dfj]z ePsf dWo]af6 d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx¿ 5gf}6 u/L ug'{kb{5 . ;d:ofx¿ tn lbOPsf] gd"gf jdf]lhd tof/ u/L k|To]s k|d'v ;d:ofx¿sf] sf/0f / cGt/gLlxt sf/0f -sf/0fsf] klg sf/0f_ ;d]t klxNofpg' kb{5 . ;fy} tL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu lnOg'kg]{ 7f]; ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ / /0fgLltx¿ ;d]t tof/ ug'{k5{ .

tflnsf g+. 10 ;d:of÷;jfn ljZn]if-f tflnsf

;d:oF÷ ;jfnx¿

tTsfnLg c;/

d'Vo sf/0fx

¿

cGtgL{lxt

sf/0fx¿

;dfwfgsf ;Defljt

pkfox¿

/flvg] ;+efljt ljifout p2]Zo-k|:tfjsf ¿kdf_

lng'kg]{ d'Vo

–d'Vo /0fgLltx

¿! @=!

@=@

#=!#=@

$=!$=@

%= ^=!^=@

@

#

o;/L ;d:of÷;jfnx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf ;"rgfx¿nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . d"n ;d:of÷;jfnx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd Onfsf :t/df emlNsg] u/L gS;fdf ;d]t c+lst ug'{kb{5 .

;jfn÷;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg / ljZn]if0f ubf{ Vofn ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿

;jfn÷;d:ofx¿nfO{ hlxn] klg gsf/fTds jfSosf ¿kdf n]lvg'kb{5 .

jt{dfgdf ljBdfg ePsf] cj:yf jf b]vf k/]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ dfq ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . eljiodf b]vf kg{ ;Sg] ;+efljt ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{x'Fb}g .

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;jfn÷;d:of n]Vbf 7f]; ¿kdf n]Vg'kb{5 . To;df ;dfwfgsf] c+z ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L n]Vg'x'Fb}g, h'g tnsf] pbfx/0faf6 :ki6 x'G5 .

sL6gfzs cf}iflw pknAw gx'g'

sL/fx¿n] afnLgfnL gi6 ug'{

a]7Ls 7Ls

;d:ofsf] s'/f ubf{ ;s];Dd nlIft ju{ jf hgtfsf] b[li6sf]0f (people perspective) af6 klxrfg ug'{kb{5 .

;d:ofx¿ s]nfpFbf ;dfwfgsf pkfo ePsf jf x'g ;Sg] ;d:ofx¿ dfq ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ . ;dfwfg x'g} g;Sg] ;d:ofnfO{ sl7gfO (constraints) sf ¿kdf cnUu} 5'6\ofpg' k5{ .

5.2.2 lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfx? ;d:of÷;jfnx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ul/;s]kl5 To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu pknAw cj;/÷ ;Defjgf, :yfgLo ;Lk / bIftf Pjd\ ;antf cflb s'/fx¿sf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ul/g' kb{5 . o;sf nflu lhNnfsf] ;|f]tgS;f klg ;xof]uL x'g ;S5 . ;Defjgf ljZn]if0fsf w]/} tl/sfx¿ 5g\ . To;dWo]sf] Ps ;/n tl/sf (potential analysis matrix) sf] gd'gf cg';"rL–!! df lbOPsf] 5 .

5.2.3 ljutsf k|of; / pknlAwx?o; cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu ljutdf ePsf k|of;x¿, lnOPsf gLltut lg0f{ox¿, ljutdf ;+rflnt of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ -sDtLdf % jif{_ sf] ljj]rgf Pjd\ pknlAw d"Nof+sg ;+lIfKt ¿kdf ul/g' kb{5 . of]hgf th'[df ;ldltx¿n] of] tof/ ubf{ k|d'v ¿kdf b]xfosf s'/fx¿nfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . -s_ lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0fdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf tYof+s, ;"rgf tyf

ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf s'/fx¿ .

(91)

-v_ jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff tyf pknlAw d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgx¿ .-u_ ;DalGwt If]qdf ePsf cWoog k|ltj]bgx¿ . o;sf nflu kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds ¿kdf lhNnfsf] ljsf; ult stflt/ cl3 a9]sf] 5 < o;sf] b/ s] s:tf] 5 < / o;n] s] s] s'/fdf k|efj kfl//fv]sf] 5 < cflb s'/fx? ;dLIffTds ¿kdf :ki6 ul/g' kb{5 . ljutsf] k|of; / pknlAwnfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf k|:t'tLsf nflu ;xof]uL x'g] tflnsf gd"gfsf nflu cg';"rL–!@ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

ljutsf k|of; / pknlAwsf] ljj]rgf ubf{ ef}lts lgdf{0f sfo{qmdx¿ (hardware programme) sf] dfq geO{ dfgjLo ljsf; jf bIftf clej[l4 ;DaGwL (software) sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;d]t ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 .

5.3 lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL#{sfnLg ;f]r tyf l;$fGtx? lgwf{/-f

5.3.1 lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL#{sfnLg ;f]r lgwf{/-flhNnfsf] eljio s:t]f x'g'kg]{ xf] Ps ;DefJo cfbz{ cj:yf (attainable ideal situation) sf] kl/sNkgf u/L ;j{k|ydtM lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r (long term vision) s] x'g] eGg] s'/f klxNofpg'kb{5 . lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r tof/ eO{ g;s]sf] eP of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] k|f/Dedf o:tf] ;f]r lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . ;fdfGotM bL3{sfnLg ;f]r @) b]lv #) jif{sf] nflu lng] ul/G5 . ;fdfGotof o;/L agfOPsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r bzf{pg] jfSo w]/} x'g'x'Fb}g, t/ o;n] lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut kIfnfO{ emNsfpg'kb{5 . of] ;xeflutfTds k4ltaf6 5nkmn u/L lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . o;sf] lgwf{/0f ;xefuLx¿ ;a}sf] ;j{;Ddt lg0f{oaf6 lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .

;fdfGotof bL3{sflng ;f]r (long term vision) sf b]xfosf ljz]iftf x'G5g\ . -s_ of] olt g} ;dodf xfl;n x'g] egL ;do ls6fg (time bound)

ul/Psf] x'Fb}g .

(92)

-v_ ;;{tL x]bf{ o;n] cfbz{jfbL cj:yf bzf{pF5 . -u_ of] k"0f{tM xfl;n x'Fb}g, t/ To;tkm{ lhNnf ;w}F

pGd'v x'G5 . -3_ o;n] lhNnfsf] ljz]iftf emNsfpg'kb{5 / ;a}n] a'e\mg]

u/L ;/n t/ cfsif{s efiffdf n]lvg'k5{ . tfls ;a}sf] :d/0fdf ;xh} /xg ;sf];\ . To;}n] noa4 ¿kdf pRRff/0f ug{ x'g] u/L cfsif{s zAbx¿ rog ug]{ klg rng 5 .

-ª_ o;n] kl/df0f pNn]v ub}{g t/ u'0f:t/ eg] :ki6 emNsfpF5 .

-r_ of] a9L lj:t[t / km/flsnf] (broad) x'G5 . -5_ lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf] lgwf{/0f ;xeflutfd"ns k|

lqmof (visioning exercise) åf/f ug'{k5{ .

5.3.2 lhNnf ljsf;sf] nflu lgb]{zs l;$fGtx?sf] lgwf{/-f ljsf; k|lqmofn] dfgjsf] hLjg:t/df pNn]vgLo kl/jt{g NofP tfklg o;n] hl6ntf klg yKb} nu]sf] 5 . a9\bf] ul/jL tyf ef}uf]lns ljifdtfn] ubf{ ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;fn] k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] yfngL ;Fu} ljsf;sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ s] s:tf] /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf ljleGg ljsf; cjwf0ffx¿sf] hGd tyf k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . ljsf; l;4fGtn] ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu cufl8 a9\g] af6f] b]vfpg] x'Fbf s] s:tf] ljsf; l;4fGtx¿nfO{ ckgfpg' kg]{ xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf lhNnfsf] ljsf;;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a} kIfaLr Jofks 5nkmn x'g' cfjZos 5 . ljsf;sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljsf; cjwf/0ff af/] 5nkmn u/L lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt (guiding principles) x¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 .

!= hgs]Gb|Lt ljsf; (people-centered development/people orientation)

hgtfn] rfx] cg';f/sf] ljsf; sfo{x¿sf] ;+rfng hg;anLs/0f (people empowerment)

k|hftflGqs/0f (democratization of planning process)

hgtfsf] ;+nUgtf / ;xeflutf

@= bLuf]kgf (sustainability)

wfGg ;lsg] Ifdtf cg'¿k k|fs[lts ;|f]t pkof]u (sustainable use of natural resources)

(93)

jftfj/0f d}qL ljsf; (environment friendly development)

#= :yfgLotf (endogenous)

:yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;Lksf] pkof]u x'g] vfnsf] ljsf; cfly{s ultljlw a9fO{ :yfgLo cy{tGqdf lelqg] /sdnfO{ :yfgLo If]qdf g} /fVg] ljsf; (local economic circuit)

$= ;+:yfut ljsf; (institution building)

:yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ljsf; pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ljsf; ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx¿sf] ljsf; ;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf;

(94)

%= cj;/df ;dfgtf (equality of opportunities)

Go"gtd cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ ;a}nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;]jf / ;'ljwfdfly ;a} ju{sf] ;dfg kx'Fr

^= lghL If]q ljsf; (private sector development)

;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bfl/tf (public private partnership) lghL If]qnfO{ nufgLsf] jftfj/0f / lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;df lghL If]qsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf

&= zx/Ls/0f tyf j:tL ljsf; (urbanization and settlement development)

j:tLx¿nfO{ lglZrt 7fpFdf s]Gb|Ls[t u/L ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] ;DefJo (economies of scale) ug]{ vfnsf] ljsf; e"ldsf] Ifdtf tyf pTkfbsTj cg'¿ksf] k|of]u (land use planning)

*= ;fdflhs Gofo (social equity)

;fdflhs ¿kn] lk5l8Psf ju{sf] pTyfg cfly{s ¿kn] lk5l8Psf] ju{sf] pTyfg dlxnf, afnaflnsf, j[4, :s"n ghfg] o'jf, ckf+u tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]k kLl8tx¿sf] pTyfg tyf ljsf;

bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf] cfwf/df lhNnfsf] k|lta4tf, ljz]iftf / rfxgf :ki6 bzf{pg] u/L ljsf;sf l;4fGtx¿ to ug'{kb{5 . o:tf l;4fGtx? bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . o;sf ljz]iftfx¿ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g'k5{M

l;4fGtx¿ a9L a[xt\ x'g'kb{5 . cyf{t\ logLx¿n] lhNnf ljsf;sf w]/} cfofdx¿ ;d]6]sf] x'g'k5{ . logLx¿ lhNnfsf] cfk\mgf] ljz]iftf, r'gf}lt, k|lta4tf, ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo :t/df pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfx¿sf cfwf/df to ug'{kb{5 . cyf{t oL s'/fx? l;4fGtx¿df bzf{OPsf] x'g'k5{ . ;fy} lhNnfsf] rfxgf ;d]t o;n] :ki6 ¿kdf bzf{pg'kb{5 .

(95)

5.4 lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli^ut nIo, p@]Zox? tyf /-fgLlt lgwf{/-flhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zox¿ tyf /0fgLlt lgwf{/0f ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Lsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{5 -cg';"rL–!)_ . pNn]lvt s'/fx¿ lgwf{/0f ubf{ lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0faf6 lg:s]sf lgisif{x¿nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ lng'kb{5 . lglb{i6 nIo tyf p2]Zox¿ xfl;n x'g ;xof]u ug]{ u/L lhNnfsf] ljz]iftfsf] cfwf/df /0fgLltx¿ ;d]t th'{df ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo tyf /0fgLlt lgwf{/0f ubf{ ts{k"0f{ of]hgf k4lt (logical frame approach) nfO{ k|of]u ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o; k4ltdf ljleGg txdf /x]sf p2]Zox¿ (hierarchy of objectives) h:t} nIo, p2]Zo, ljifout p2]Zo -glthf_, sfo{qmd tyf kl/of]hgf -ultljlw_ nfO{ ts{a4 tflnsfdf /fvL 7f8f] / t];f]{ b'j} ¿kdf ts{;+ut (vertical and horizontal logic) 5g\ 5}gg\ x]g'{k5{ -cg';"rL–!$s, v_

ljsf;sf nIo, p2]Zo / tL nIo / p2]Zox¿ xfl;n x'g ;xof]u ug]{ u/L lhNnfsf] ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df pko'Qm /0fgLltx¿ th'{df ug'{kb{5 .

lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'kb{5M lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox¿ xfl;n ePkl5sf] l:ylt o;df lrq0f

ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . o;n] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] d"ne"t ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg u/]sf]

cfbz{ l:yltnfO{ k|ltljlDjt u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . of] cflhljof]sf] cjlwe/sf] ;dosf nflu lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . o;n] lhNnfsf] ljz]iftf emNsfpg'kb{5 . nIon] lhNnfsf] ;antf / ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf /

cj;/x¿nfO{ clwstd pkof]u ug]{ s'/f ;+s]t u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

of] /fli6«o of]hgfsf] nIo -a[xt nIo_ xfl;n ug{ ;3fpg] lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 .

(96)

lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox¿ PseGbf a9L x'g ;S5g\, logLx¿df b]xfosf ljz]iftf x'g'k5{ . – nIosf] t'ngfdf p2]Zox¿ a9L ls6fgL (specific) ul/Psf]

x'g'k5{ . – lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox¿n] lhNnfnfO{ cGttM ;dli6ut nIo

xfl;n ug]{tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg'k5{ . – lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox¿n] ;Dk"0f{ kIfnfO{ ;d]6]sf]

x'g'k5{ .

5.5 lhNnf ljsf;sf ljifout p@]Zox? tyf k|fyldstf lgwf{/-flhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ lgsfNg'kg]{ glthfx¿ g} ljifout p2]Zox¿ x'g\ . lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo, /0fgLltx¿ to eO;s]kl5 ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut nIo tyf p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ ;3fpg] u/L lgDgadf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cf–cfˆgf]] If]q (sector) sf] If]uqt ¿kdf ljifout p2]Zox¿ klxrfg ug'{kg]{5 .

!= lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf ljsf;sf d'2fx¿ (issues), ;d:of (problems) tyf ;Defjgfx¿ (potentials)

@= a'Fbf ! sf] cfwf/df b]lvPsf ljsf; r'gf}ltx¿ (challenges) tyf cj;/x¿ (opportunities)

#= ;~rfngdf /x]sf ljleGg ljsf; of]hgfx¿ -s]Gb|Lo, ljifout, lhNnfut_

$= lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r (vision of the district), lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿, nIo, p2]Zo tyf /0fgLlt

ljifout p2]Zo klxrfg ubf{ lhNnfleqsf] ljleGg :yfgut cfwf/df ;d]t ug'{kg]{5 . dfly pNn]v ePadf]lhd p2]Zo klxrfg eO;s]kl5 tL ljifout p2]Zosf] lgDglnlvt a'Fbfx¿df s:tf] k|efj (implication) k5{ ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . – lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;– k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f– e"–pkof]u– hg;+Vof tyf j:tLsf] ljt/0f÷lj:tf/

(97)

– ;/sf/L nufgL cfjZostf– lghL If]q tyf u};;– ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf hg;xeflutf– ljs]Gb|Ls/0f – ;+:yfut Joj:yf ;fy} lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ljifout p2]Zox¿ b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\ 5}gg\ ;f] ;d]tsf] ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

– ;DalGwt /fli6«o gLlt / sfg"gL Joj:yf ;Fu d]n vfPsf] 5 . – lhNnfleqsf] :yfgut p2]Zox¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L Jofks

(comprehensive) 5 .– :yfgut p2]Zox¿n] If]qljz]if (area specific) nfO{ :ki6

¿kn] ;d]6]sf] 5 .– ljifout p2]Zox¿ klxrfg ul/Psf] ;d:ofx¿;Fu d]n vfg]

5g\, ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;d]t hgtfnfO{ :jLsf/of]Uo 5g\, ;+VofTds ¿kdf kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG5g\ (quantifiable), lglZrt ;doleq (time-bound) k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf 5g\ (attainable) .

ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?n] ljifout p2]Zox¿ lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5 cf–cfˆgf] ljifout k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5 . k|fyldstf If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ljZn]if0fsf] lgrf]8, ljifout p2]Zo / lhNnfsf] ljZf]iftfsf cfwf/df b]xfosf] ljifo (sector) sf] k|fyldstf ls6fg ug'{k5{ . – cfly{s ljsf;– ;fdflhs ljsf;– k"jf{wf/ ljsf; – jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg – ;+:yfut ;|f]t tyf IfdtfoL k|fyldstfx? tf]Sbf ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿aLr 5nkmn / ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df tf]Sg' kg]{5 . k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx¿nfO{ d"n cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 .-s_ bL3{sfnLg ;f]r / ljsf; l;4fGtx¿-v_ lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo / ljifout p2]Zox¿

(98)

-u_ lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo txdf pknAw ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;Lk nufotsf cj;/ / ;Defjgfx¿

-3_ ljsf;sf k|d'v r'gf}ltx¿-ª_ ljutsf k|of;, pknlAw / Ifdtf ;fy} ljifout k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df pko'Qm /0fgLltx¿ ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .

5.5.1 cfly{s ljsf; k|fyldstf cl3Nnf efux¿df ul/Psf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df lhNnf cy{tGqsf] cu|0fL If]q (lead sector) klxrfg x'g]5 . d"nt To;}sf cfwf/df cfly{s ljsf; k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . xfd|f] b]zdf ;a}h;f] lhNnfx¿df s[lifIf]q g} lhNnf cy{tGqsf] cu|0fL If]qsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 eg] sltko lhNnfdf s[lif If]q leq klg t'ngfTds nfe / c¿ yk ljz]if1tf xfl;n ePsf] x'g ;S5 -h:t} – kmnkm"n, t/sf/L, gub] jfnL cflb_ . oL s'/fx¿n] lhNnf cy{tGqdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg (share) nfO{ oxfF Vofn ug'{kb{5 . o;}u/L sltko lhNnfx¿sf] ;Gbe{df cf}Bf]lus / ko{6g If]q klg cfpg ;S5 . To;}n] lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljZn]if0f, pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgf Pjd\ lhNnfsf] ;f]r / l;4fGtx¿ ;d]tsf cfwf/df of] lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . ;fy} ljifout k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df pko'Qm /0fgLltx¿ ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .

5.5.2 ;fdflhs ljsf; k|fyldstf lhNnfdf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;]jf / ;'ljwfdflysf] kx'Fr s:tf] 5 < cfo / ljt/0fsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 < ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ul/j ju{;Ddsf] kx'Frdf 5 5}g, nlIft sfo{qmdaf6 s'g ju{ a9L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ < cflb s'/fx¿sf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df of] ;fdflhs ljsf; k|fyldstf klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 . k|fyldstf tf]Sbf b]xfosf s'/fx¿ ;d]6\g' k5{ . -s_ hg;+Vof Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf -v_ dfgjLo / ;fd'bflos ljsf;-u_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cflb ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/

ljsf;

(99)

-3_ ;Lk ljsf;, bIftf clej[l4, 1fg Joj:yfkg, cflb -ª_ n}lËs ;dfgtf, pTkLl8t, hghflt ljsf; Pjd\ cfly{s / ;fdflhs

Gofo -r_ ;f+:s[lts ljsf;, P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs :ynx¿sf] ;+/If0f . -5_ ;fdflhs ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt cGo .

5.5.3 jftfj/-fLo ljsf; k|fyldstf lhNnf jftfj/0fLo If]qdf ePsf ;d:of / ;Defjgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf s'/fx¿sf cfwf/df k|b"if0f, b}jLk|sf]k, af9Lklx/f], kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg, jg ;+/If0f cflb s'/fx¿sf] uxgtfsf] hfgsf/L x'g]5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df bLuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eO{ of] If]qsf] ljsf; k|fyldstf klxrfg ug'{kg]{5 . o;nfO{ gS;fdf c+lst u/LPdf cem pQd x'g]5 . jftfj/0f jx' cfoflds ljifoj:t' (cross cutting issue) ePsfn] of] k|fyldstfn] ljsf;sf cGo If]qx¿nfO{ ;d]t k|efj kfg]{ x'gfn] pko'Qm /0fgLltx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

5.5.4 k"jf{wf/ ljsf; k|fyldstf of] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; k|fyldstf klxrfg ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf s'/fx¿nfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

-s_ k"jf{wf/sf] pkof]udf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Frsf] l:ylt -v_ lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ pkof]u ug{ k"jf{wf/

ljsf;n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg (h:t} – s[lif ks]6 If]q / jhf/, ko{6g ljsf; cflb_

-u_ k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cfly{s ljsf; Pjd\ hgtfsf] cfo j[l4 u/fpgdf k'¥ofPsf] ;xof]u

-3_ ljutdf lgld{t dd{t ;+ef/sf] l:ylt / Ifdtf

5.5.5 ;+:yfut ljsf; k|fyldstf o; k|fyldstf cGtu{t b]xfosf s'/fx¿ ;d]l6g'kg]{ x'G5 .

-s_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, :jzf;g Pjd\ hg;xeflutf kl/rfng -v_ gful/s ;dfhsf] ;jnLs/0f, ;zlQms/0fsf ljljw kIf

(100)

-u_ :yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg, ;Lksf] clej[l4 / clwstd pkof]u -3_ ;+:yfut ;dGjo / ;+hfn, sfo{ut Pstf-ª_ ljsf;df ;fem]bf/Lkgsf] ljsf; -r_ ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf / bIftf clej[l4 -5_ lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTj lgjf{xdf k|efjsfl/tf-h_ cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f, d"Nof+sg nufot of]hgf th'{df / ljsf;

Joj:yfkgdf ;'b[9Ls/0f-em_ ;+:yfut ljsf; / ;'zf;g

of] If]qn] ;du| lhNnf ljsf;sf] kIfnfO{ ;d]6\g] x'gfn] k|fyldstf If]qx¿sf] klxrfgsf ;fy} pko'Qm /0fgLltx¿sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] k|efjsfl/tfn] ;du| lhNnf ljsf;df g} k|efj kfb{5 .

5.6 ;"rsx?sf] lgwf{/-fnIob]lv k|To]s txsf p2]Zosf nflu kl5 ;f] k|fKt eof] ls ePg egL :ki6 ¿kdf gfKg jf dfkg ug{ ;lsg] ;"rsxs¿ lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 . ;"rs g} of]hgfsf] ;kmntf gfKg] s8L xf] . o:tf ;"rsx¿ ;fdfGotof kfFr k|sf/sf x'G5g\ – -s_ nufgL txsf cfwf/e"t ;"rs jf ultljlw ;"rs (input indicator) -v_ pknlAw ;"rs (output indicators) -u_ c;/ ;"rs (effect indicator) -3_ k|efj ;"rs (impact

indicator) -ª_ k|lqmof ;"rs (process indicator)  -cg';"rL–!%_ . oL ;a} k|sf/sf ;"rsx¿df b]xfosf ljz]iftfx¿ x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . kl/df0fhGo (quantity) – of] :ki6¿kdf dfkg ug{ ;lsg]

x'g'k5{ . u'0f:t/Lotf (quality) – o;n] :ki6;Fu u'0f:t/ emNsfpg'k5{ . ;do (time)– of] olt ;dodf xfl;n x'G5 egL :ki6 lsl6Psf]

x'g'k5{ . nlIft ju{ (target beneficiaries) –nlIft ju{ s'g xf] :ki6

v'Ng'k5{ . :yfg (place) – lhNnfsf] s'g :yfgljz]ifsf nflu pQm ;"rs

tf]lsPsf] xf] ;f] :ki6 v'nfOPsf] x'g'k5{ .

(101)

oL ;a} ljz]iftfnfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{ ;Demgfy{ æku';n:yf (QQTBP)Æ klg eGg] ul/G5 .

;fy} ;"rs agfpFbf b]xfosf s'/fx¿nfO{ klg Wofg lbOg'k5{ . ljBdfg /fli6«o gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿ Pjd\ P]g÷lgodx¿,

h;sf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L jf ltgLx?;+u afem\g] u/L ;"rsx¿ to ul/g'x'Fb}g .

lhNnfsf] ljutsf] pknlAw, ;ª\u7gfTds Pjd\ Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf Pjd\ cfly{s Ifdtf / cg'ejnfO{ Vofn ug'{kb{5 h;n] ;"rsx¿ dxTjfsf+IfL x'g glbO{ jf:tljstfdf cfwfl/t u/fpg d2t k'¥ofp5 .

pknAw cfly{s, ljQLo / dfgjLo Ifdtf Pjd\ ;ª\u7gfTds Joj:yfnfO{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

;"rsx¿ ldtJooL -sd nfutdf_ ¿kdf ;xh} t/ :ki6 ¿kdf dfkg ug{ ;lsg] x'g'kb{5 .

dflysf ;a} kIfx¿ ku';n:yf (QQTBP) ;dfj]z u/L ;"rs tof/ ug]{ tl/sfsf]Ps pbfx/0f tn lbOPsf] 5 .

p2]Zo M s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

r/0f !M nlIft ju{ ls6fg u/L ;"rssf] klxrfgpbfx/0fM ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf] wfgsf] pTkfbg

a9]sf] x'g]5 . r/0f @M kl/df0f

pbfx/0fM !),))) ;fgf ls;fgx¿ -a9Ldf !) /f]kgL jf ;f]eGbf sd hldg ePsf_ sf] wfgsf] pTkfbgdf %)Ü n] j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

r/0f #M u'0f:t/ pbfx/0fM @)%%÷%^ sf] h:t} u'0f:t/ sfod

u/L pTkfbg j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

(102)

r/0f $M ;do pbfx/0fM @)%&÷%* b]lv @)^#÷^$ sf]

aLr÷;Ddr/0f %M :yfg

pbfx/0fM sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnf

o;/L r/0fa4 qmddf dfly b]vfOPem} a'Fbfut ¿kdf ;a} s'/f v'6\ofO;s]kl5 To;nfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf tn lbPsf] h:tf] u/L n]Vg'kb{5 .

sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfdf a9Ldf !) /f]kgL;Dd hUuf ePsf ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf] ;fljsdf ePsf] wfgsf] u'0f:t/ -@)%^ sf] h:tf]_ sfod} /fvL pTkfbsTjdf ;'wf/åf/f cfpFbf] @)%&÷%* b]lv @)^#÷^$ ;Ddsf] cjlwdf wfgsf] pTkfbgdf %)Ü n] j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

5.7k|dfl-ft ug]{ cfwf/x?sf] klxrfg (Means of Verification–MOV)

;"rsx¿ lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5 tL ;"rsx¿ xfl;n eP ls ePgg\ jf of]hgfsf p2]Zox¿df s'g xb;Dd ;kmntf k|fKt eof] egL n]vfhf]vf ug]{ cfwf/ jf of]hgfsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ ;kmntf dfkg ug{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/ kl5 sxfF kfOG5 eGg] s'/f klg of]hgf th'{dfs} qmddf lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . o;/L k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/ klxrfg ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx¿ Vofn ug'{kb{5 .

– s] tL k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/x¿ df}h'bf ;|f]taf6} pknAw x'G5g\ -tYof+s, clen]v, cjnf]sg cflb_ <

– tL ;|f]tx¿ slQsf] e/ kbf{ 5g\ <– s] ljz]if lsl;dsf] tYof+s ;+sng ug'{knf{ < olb k5{

eg] slt vr{ nfUnf < – s] gofF ;|f]t v8f ug'{k5{ < k5{ eg] Tof] s'g xf]

< – olb s'g} ;"rssf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/ (MOV) e]l6Pg

eg] To:tf]sf] xsdf ;DalGwt ;"rs g} abNg'k5{ .

(103)

– olb MOV sf nflu gofF ;+/rgf g} v8f ug'{kg]{ jf gofF tYof+s ;+sng ug'{kg]{df / ;f] dx+uf] x'g] ePdf To:tf] ;"rs klg kl/jt{g ug'{kb{5 .

5.8hf]lvd kIfx¿sf] klxrfg hf]lvd kIfx¿ o:tf cj:yf x'g\ h'g eljiodf of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf b]vf kg{ ;S5g\ / of]hgfsf] p2]Zo jf glthf xfl;n ug{df gsf/fTds afwf kfg{ ;S5g\ . t/ tL cj:yfx¿ of]hgfsf] lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf hf]lvd kIfx¿ of]hgf th'{dfs} qmddf /fd|/L s]nfO{ klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} To;sf] b]vf kg]{ ;Defjgf / ulx/fOsf cfwf/df s]xL lqmofsnfkx¿ th'{df u/L logLx¿af6 of]hgfdf kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ Go"g ug]{ k|of; ug'{kb{5 .

hf]lvd kIfx¿ oL dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . logLx¿sf] ulx/fO / ;Defjgfsf

cfwf/df n]vfhf]vf ul/G5 . logLx? of]hgfsf] l;w} lgoGq0fsf] l:ylteGbf aflx/ /x]sf

x'G5g\ t/ of]hgfnfO{ k|efj kfb{5g\ . of]hgfsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu logLx¿nfO{ Vofn ug'{kb{5 . o:tf hf]lvd kIfnfO{ ;sf/fTds jfSo (worded as positive condition)

df n]lvG5 . h:t}M lzlIft o'jfx¿sf nflu kof{Kt /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ pknAw x'g]5g\ .

hf]lvd kIfx¿sf] klxrfg / n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tl/sf hf]lvd kIfx¿ s;/L klxrfg ug]{ / s:tf]nfO{ hf]lvd kIfsf

¿kdf lng] / s:tf]nfO{ glng] eGg] s'/f tn pNn]lvt # cf]6f k|Zgx¿sf] d2taf6 ls6fg ug{ ;lsG5 .

(104)

lrq g+. 3. hf]lvd kIfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tl/sf

k|Zg !M s] Tof] hf]lvd dxTjk"0f{ 5 <

5}g -o;nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{kb}{g_

5

k|Zg @M Tof] eljiodf b]vfkg]{ sltsf] ;Defjgf 5 <

Ps lsl;dsf] lglZrt g} 5 -o;nfO{ ;dfj]z gug]{_

w]/} xb;Dd b]vf kg{ ;S5 -%)Ü eGbf a9L ;Defjgf 5_-o;nfO{ hf]lvd kIfsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ /;Dej eP;Dd To;nfO{ k|efljt u/L of]hgfsf];kmntfdf cfFr cfpg glbg] k|of; ug'{k5{ ._

5}g

k|Zg #M s] Tof] nIo, p2]Zo jf glthfnfO{ s]xL abNg jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 < tfls To;sf] s'g} hf]lvd kIf g} gxf];\ .

(105)

;lsFb}g -o;nfO{ vt/gfs hf]lvd kIf (killer

assumption) elgG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg' x'Fb}g / lg0f{ostf{nfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 ._

;lsG5 -o; cj:yfdf csf]{ j}slNks th'{df ug'{kb{5 ._

(106)

5.9 ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i&Lsf] cfof]hgfof]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿n] o; cg'R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ tof/ u/]sf] cfcfkm\gf] ljifout nIo, p2]Zo / k|fyldstfx¿ ;a} ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿ tyf lhNnf ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] e]nfdf k|:t't u/L Jofks 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df clGtd ¿k lbg'kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . of]hgf th'{df uf]li7sf] k|lqmof / cGo Joj:yfx¿ cg';"rL–!# df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o; uf]i7Ldf cGo cf}hf/x¿sf cltl/Qm ts{k"0f{ of]hgf k4lt (logframe approach) nfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . -cg';"rL–!$s, v_ 

dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ qmdz >[+vnfa4 ¿kdf lgwf{/0f ul/b} cfPsf ljleGg txsf nIo / p2]Zox¿ Pjd\ glthf / sfo{qmdx¿aLr ts{a4 (logcal) l;nl;nf / ltgLx¿sf] plrt cGt;{DaGw (linkage) sfod x'g'kb{5 . o;nfO{ tnsf] lrqdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .

lrq g+. 4. ;f]rb]lv ljleGg txsf p@]Zox?aLrsf] cGt;{DaGw

ljz]iftf p2]Zox¿sf] >[+vnf

lgwf{/0f ug]{ qmd

qmdz

a[xt\ -@)–#) jif{sf]_

a9L cfbz{jfbL b]lvg]

bL3{sfnLg ;f]r /ljsf;sf l;4fGtx¿ !

dflyNnf]eGbf

a9L :ki6 (specific) cfbz{ cj:yf -%–& jif{sf]_

lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo-cflhljof]sf]_ @

(107)

General

lhNnf ljsf;sf];du| kIf ;d]6\g]

lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox¿ #

ljifout kIf ;d]6\g] u/L

ls6fgL (specific)

ePsf / p2]Zo k|flKtdf l;w} ;xof]u

ug]{

ljifout p2]Zo, k|fyldstfx¿ / /0fgLltx¿

$

/0fgLltsf ;xof]un] glthf k|fKt

ug{df ;xh x'g]

k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstf k|fKt

kl/of]hgfx¿%

(108)

Specific

lrq g+. 5. bL#{sfnLg ;f]rb]lv sfo{qmd;Ddsf] ts{a$ <[ª\vnf

;dotflnsf (Time Frame)

lhNnfsf] ;ª\u&gfTds

b[li^sf])f (Organizational

Perspective)

sfof{Gjog tx (Operational Level)

bL#{sfnLg(Long Range)

bL#{sfnLg ;f]r (Vision)

lgb]{zs¿ljsf;sf l;$fGtx?

(Guiding Principles)

dWod cjlw cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgflhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo (District Dev't

Goal)

;"rs

k|dfl)f

t ug]{ cfwf/

hf]lvd kIf

(Medium Range) lhNnf ljsf;sf p@]Zox? / glthfx? (dev't objectives & results)

ljifout p@]Zox?, k|fyldstfx?, / /)fgLltx?(sectoral objectives proiorities and strategies)

%f]^f] cjlw(Short Range)

k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstfk|ft kl/of]hgfx? (major programs and priority

(109)

projects)

o;k|sf/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] vfsf tof/ x'G5 . ;fy} oL >[ª\vnfa4 nIo / p2]Zox¿ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf cflhljof] s} c+usf ?kdf sfof{Gjog of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . of] tof/ ug]{{ tl/sf Pj+ o;df ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ ljifoa:t' ;DjGwdf tnsf v08x¿df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

(110)

k|d'v sfo{qmd, k|fyldstfk|fKt cfof]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf (Major Programmes, Priority Projects & Implementation Design)

6.1 cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/-f :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ul/Psf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof cGtu{t /x]/ Onfsf of]hgf th'{df a}7sn] Onfsf leqsf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt cfof]hgfnfO{ ljifoIf]q cg';f/ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / ;DalGwt ljifout ;ldltnfO{ df3sf] t]>f] xKtfleq pknAw u/fO;Sg'kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 .

o;/L k|fKt ePsf] cfof]hgfx¿ tyf ljleGg ljifout sfof{nox¿af6 sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿dWo]af6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf cjlwdf sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] r/0fx¿ (steps) af6 5gf}6 u/L k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

6.1.1 cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ljj/-f ;+sngOnfsf of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Laf6 k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f eO cfPsf cfof]hgfx¿sf ;fy} ljifout sfof{no, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf lghL If]qaf6 klxrfg jf k|:tfj ul/Psf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ ;

(111)

6

+sng u/L b]xfoadf]lhdsf] k|:tfljt of]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f k+lhsf tof/ ug'{k5{ .

(112)

tflnsf g+. 11 k|:tfljt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmd ;DaGwL k+lhsf != cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] gfd@= cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmd k|:tfj ug]{ JolQm÷;+:yf #= Onfsf of]hgf a}7sn] k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f u/]sf] eP

k|fyldstf qmd g+= tyf ldlt$= k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f %= cfof]hgf :yn ^= cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo -x¿_&= nfeflGjt ;d"x tyf hg;+Vof *= nfut÷cg'dflgt nfut ?=(= nfut Joxf]g]{ >f]t -x¿_ -gf]6M of] k|To]s cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] nflu cnu cnu tof/ ug'{k5{ ._

6.1.2. sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] %gf}^ k|To]s k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f÷k+lhsf tof/ eO;s]kl5 cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] 5gf}6 k|lqmof ;'? ug'{kg]{5 . 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf] k|f/Dedf bf]xf]/f] kg{ uPsf], cgfjZos tyf cGo lgsfox¿af6 sfof{Gjog x'g] of]hgfx¿ x6fO{ k|f/lDes ;"rL (initial list) tof/ ug'{k5{ . k|f/lDes 5gf}6 (initial

screening) ubf{ b]xfosf p2]Zox¿nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;lsG5 .

s. bf]xf]l/Psf jf cltl/Qm cfof]hgfx? ufEg] (Consolidate repetitive or redundant proposals)

k|To]s k|:tfljt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0fx¿ cWoog u/L Ps} lsl;dsf] ljj/0f, p2]Zo, nfeflGjt ;d"x tyf cfof]hgf:yn ePsf cfof]hgfx¿ klxrfg u/L Ps} lsl;dsf] jf nueu Ps} lsl;dsf] cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ ufeL Pp6} cfof]hgfsf] ¿kdf dfGotf lbg' k5{ .

v. x]b}{ cJojxfl/s jf grflxg] h:tf] nfUg] cfof]hgfx? x^fpg]

(113)

k|To]s k|:tfljt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f cWoog ubf{ x]b}{ cJojxfl/s jf cgfjZos nfUg] cfof]hgfx¿ k|f/lDes ;"rLaf6 x6fpg ;lsG5 .

u. cGo lgsfoaf^ sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgfx? x^fpg] s]Gb|Lo of]hgfsf] ¿kdf ;+rfng x'g] jf cGo ;|f]taf6 ;+rflnt x'g] cfof]hgfx¿ k|f/lDes ;"rLaf6 x6fpg'kg]{5 . sltko of]hgfx¿ s]Gb|Lo of]hgfsf] ¿kdf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu lhNnfn] s]Gb|nfO{ cg'/f]w ;d]t kg]{ kl/k|]Iodf To:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf] cnu ;"rL agfO{ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

dfly pNn]v ul/P ad]flhdsf cfof]hgfx¿ ufeL jf x6fO{ k|f/lDes ;"rL tof/ ul/;s]kl5 cfof]hgfsf p2]Zox¿ cfkm}Fdf aflemPsf 5g\ 5}gg\ (conflicting objectives) ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . cfof]hgfx¿sf] Pscfk;df b]xfoadf]lhdsf] tLg k|sf/sf] ;DaGw (relationship) x'g ;S5M

!= åGå ;DaGw (Conflict relationship): Pp6f cfof]hgfaf6 x'g] kmfObfnfO{ csf]{ cfof]hgfaf6 x'g] xfgLn] lg/y{s u/fpF5 jf Pp6f cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 csf]{ cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf NofpF5 . pbfx/0fM hnfwf/ ;+/If0f cfof]hgf tyf hnfwf/ If]qdf af6f] lgdf{0f .

@= kl/k"/s ;DaGw (Complementarity relationship): Pp6f cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogn] csf]{ cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf yk an k'¥ofpF5 .

#= cg's"n ;DaGw (Compatible relationship): cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogn] csf]{ cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf c8\rg k'¥ofpFb}gg\ .

k|f/lDes ;"rLdf /x]sf cfof]hgfx¿aLr dfly pNn]lvt tLgk|sf/sf] ;DaGwdWo] s'g k|sf/sf] ;DaGw 5 ;f]sf] d"Nof+sg u/L w]/} cfof]hgf;Fu åGå ;DaGw /fVg] cfof]hgfnfO{ k|f/lDes ;"rLaf6 x6fpg ;lsG5 . s]xL;Fu åGå ;DaGw eP klg c¿;Fu kl/k"/s jf cg's"n ;DaGw eP To:tf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ åGå x6fpg] u/L k'gM th'{df ug{ ;lsG5 .

(114)

o;/L åGå–kl/k"/s–cg's"n ;DaGw ljZn]if0fsf nflu lgDgadf]lhdsf] tflnsf tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .

tflnsf g+. 12 åGå–kl/k"/s–cg's"n ;DaGw ljZn]if-fsf] gd"gf cfof]hg

f g+=

cfof]hgf !

cfof]hgf @

cfof]hgf #

cfof]hgf $

cfof]hgf %

cfof]hgf ^

cfof]hgf !

åGå kl/k"/s kl/k"/s cg's"n cg's"n

cfof]hgf @

cg's"n åGå cg's"n kl/k"/s

cfof]hgf #

åGå kl/k"/s cg's"n

cfof]hgf $

kl/k"/s kl/k"/s

cfof]hgf %

cg's"n

cfof]hgf ^

dfly pNn]v ul/P adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cfof]hgfx¿af6 sfF65fF6 u/L k|f/lDes ;"rL b]xfosf] tflnsfdf b]vfpg ;lsg]5 .

tflnsf g+. 13 sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] k|f/lDes ;"rL

cfof]hgf g+= /

gfd

klxnf] ;"rL (initial list)

-klxnf] 5gf}6af6 5gf}6

ePsf cfof]hgfx¿_

bf];|f] ;"rL (preliminary list)

-åGå–kl/k"/s–cg's"n ;DaGw

ljZn]if0faf6 5gf}6 ePsf cfof]hgfx¿_

(115)

6.2 sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] juL{s/-f (Ranking of the Projects)

k|:tfljt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] k|fylds ;"rL (preliminary list) tof/ eO;s]kl5 To;dWo] s'g cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdn] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;jf{lws d2t ub{5 ;f]sf] cfwf/df k|:tfljt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdnfO{ juL{s/0f tyf qmd lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf] nflu lgDglnlvt b'O{ ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5M nIf k|flKt d"Nof+sg ljlw (Goal achievement pay-off matrix evaluation

technique)

k"FhLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf d"Nof+sg ljlw (Capital project priority matrix evaluation technique)

klxnf] ljlw — nIfk|flKt d"Nof+sg ljlw(Goals-achievement matrix evaluation technique)

cflhljof]sf] nIo tyf p2]Zox¿nfO{ k|fKt ug{ ljleGg cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . k|:tfljt ;a} cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;do tyf ;|f]tsf] sdL x'g] kl/k|]Iodf ;a}eGbf pkof]uL tyf cfjZos cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . xfn ;+rfngdf /x]sf sltko cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ qmdfut ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf ;+rflnt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdx¿ klg sfof{Gjog ug]{ jf :ylut ug]{ ;f]sf] lg0f{o ;d]t of]hgf th'{df s} cj:yfdf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM xfn ;+rfngdf /x]sf tyf k|:tfljt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ b]xfoadf]lhd nIo k|flKt d"Nof+sg ljlwaf6 qmd lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ .

kfOnf 1 — d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/ to ug]{ (Selection of evaluation criteria)

k|lt:kwf{df /x]sf cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdx¿aLr t'ngf ug{ d"Nof+sg cfwf/ (evaluation criteria) cfjZos x'G5 . cflhljof]sf] nIo, p2]Zo, ljifout p2]Zo, glthf tyf ;"rsx¿af6 d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

(116)

d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5fGbf b]xfosf s'/fx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . ;a} ljifout If]q -cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo, k"jf{wf/, ;

+:yfut_ sf] nIo, p2]Zo, glthf tyf ;"rsx¿dWo]af6 d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5fGg'kg]{ .

d"Nof+sg cfwf/ ;fdfGo (general) eGbf vf; lsl;dsf] (specific)

x'g'kg]{ . o;n] lhNnfsf] d'Vo ;d:of jf d'2fx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;jf{lws

d2t ug]{ x'g'kg]{ . a9Ldf lj;cf]6f d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5fGg' kg]{ . lhNnfsf] ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfx¿sf] e]nfdf Jofks 5nkmnsf]

cfwf/df 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ .

kfOnf 2 — d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/nfO{ ef/ lbg] 5flgPsf d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/x¿ lhNnfsf] k|fyldstf cg';f/ ;dfg lsl;dsf x'Fb}gg\ cyf{t\ s'g} sd tyf s'g} a9L dxTjsf x'G5g\ . s"n c+sef/ (weights) nfO{ !)) dfg]/ k|To]s d"Nof+sg cfwf/nfO{ slt c+sef/ lbg] xf] ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfx¿sf] e]nfdf Jofks 5nkmnaf6 c+sef/sf] afF8kmfF8 ug'{k5{ .

kfOnf 3 — k|:tfljt cfof]hgf tyf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{

;+rfngdf /x]sf tyf k|:tfljt cfof]hgfx¿n] d"Nof+sg cfwf/df pNn]lvt nIo÷p2]Zodf sltsf] of]ubfg (contribution) u5{g\ jf To;df s:tf] k|efj (impact) kf5{g\ To;sf] d"Nof+sg ug'{k5{ . cfof]hgfsf] of]ubfg jf k|efjsf] d"Nof+sg lgDgk|sf/sf] cfwf/ (rating) af6 ug{ ;lsG5 . d"Nof+sg cfwf/df s'g} k|efj gkfg]{ jf s'g} lsl;dsf]

of]ubfg gug]{nfO{ z"Go -)_ d"Nof+sg c+s (rating value)

lbg] . d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df clncln k|efj (slight impact) jf clncln

of]ubfg lbg] (slight contribution) nfO{ Ps -!_ d"Nof+sg c+s lbg] .

d"Nof+sg cfwf/df dxTjk"0f{ (significant) k|efj kfg]{ jf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg]nfO{ b'O{ -@_ d"Nof+sg c+s lbg] .

(117)

d"Nof+sg cfwf/sf] k|flKt (attainment) sf] nflu geO{ gx'g] (essential) cfof]hgfnfO{ tLg -#_ d"Nof+sg c+s lbg] .

k|:tfljt cfof]hgfnfO{ dfly pNn]lvt d"Nof+sg c+s (rating value) lbgsf nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfsf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . sfo{zfnfsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cf–cfˆgf]] ;d"x (ljifout sfof{no, :yfgLo lgsfo, u};;, lghL If]q, Joj;foL ;d"x, nfeflGjt ;d"x cflb) df ljefhg u/L dfly pNn]v ul/P adf]lhdsf] d"Nof+sg c+s lbg nufpg'k5{ .

kfOnf 4 — k|To]s cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdn] k|fKt u/]sf] c+s hf]*L cfof]hgfsf] qmd lgwf{/-f ug]{

k|To]s ;/f]sf/ ;d"xn] cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] d"Nof+sg c+s (rating value) nfO{ c+s ef/ (weights) ;Fu u'0ff u/L cfPsf] c+snfO{ nIo k|flKt ljZn]if0f tflnsf pNn]v ug'{k5{ . k|To]s d"Nof+sg cfwf/ (evaluation criteria) df cfof]hgfn] k|fKt u/]sf] c+s hf]8\g' kb{5 .

tflnsf g+. 14 nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f tflnsf (gd"gf)

cfjlws of]hgfdf to ul/Psf nIo tyf p2]Zoef/k|ltzt

ljifout sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfn] k|fKt u/]sf]

c+s! @ # $

!= ;fdflhs Gofo (social equity) #% !=! ljz]ifu/L Go"g cfo ;d'bfonfO{ cfwf/e"t ;]jf k'¥ofpg]

!)

!=@ :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;d"xx?sf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{

!)

!=# u|fdL0f zx/L ;DaGw (rural-urban integration) k|j4{g ug]{

%

!=$ n}lËs Gofo (Gender equality) %!=% lk5l8Psf] If]qnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] (regional balance)

%

@= cfly{s s'zntf (economic efficiency) @) @=! l;h{gf eO ;s]sf] k"jf{wf/ tyf ;x'lnotsf] pkof]u ug]{

$

@=@ s/, b:t'/sf] ?kdf :yfgLo /fhZj clej[l4 ug]{

$

(118)

cfjlws of]hgfdf to ul/Psf nIo tyf p2]Zoef/k|ltzt

ljifout sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfn] k|fKt u/]sf]

c+s! @ # $

@=# :yfgLo cfly{s ultljlw k|j4{g ug]{ $ @=$ klxrfg ul/Psf ;d:ofsf] sd nfutdf ;dfwfg lbg]

%

@=% /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ >[hgf ug]{ ##= jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f (environmental protection) !) #=! kof{j/0fLo b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{

%

#=@ ;+/lIft If]qnfO{ jrfpg] %$ hg:jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff @) $=! k|b"if0f, Wolg k|b"if0fsf] sf/0f l;lh{t hgtfsf] c;'ljwf 36fpg]

%

$=@ b}jL k|sf]k 36fpg d2t ug]{ % $=# d[To'b/ 36fpg] !)% :yfgLo Ifdtf tyf g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; !% %=! lghLIf]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ a9fpg] % %=@ :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ k"/f ug]{

%

%=# hg;xeflutf kl/rfng ug]{ %hDdf M !))

k|fyldstf qmddfly pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd ljleGg ;/f]sf/ kIfn] lbPsf] c+snfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf hf]8L ;a}eGbf a9L c+s kfpg]nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfqmddf /fvL ;f]eGbf sd c+s Nofpg]nfO{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] tflnsfdf qmdzM k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ .

tflnsf g+. 15 nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f d"Nof+sgaf^ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/-f (gd'gf)

k|:tfljt cfof]hgf

ljleGg ;/f]sf/ kIfaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf] c+s k|Fyldstf qmd

:yfgLo lgsfo

ljifout sfof{n

o

u};;

lghL

If]q

nfeflGjt ;d

"x

hDdf

c+s

(119)

cfof]hgf g+= !

cfof]hgf g+= @

cfof]hgf g+= #

cfof]hgf g+= $

cfof]hgf g+= %

cfof]hgf g+= ^

cfof]hgf g+= &

cfof]hgf g+= *

(120)

bf]<f] ljlw — k"+lhut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf d"Nof+sg ljlw(Capital project priority evaluation technique)

k|:tfljt tyf ;+rfngdf /x]sf k"FhLut cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ nIo k|flKt ljZn]if0f d"Nof+sg ljlwaf6 qmdlgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps} lsl;dsf] p2]Zo jf nIo k|flKt x'g] cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdn] a/fa/ c+s Nofpg] / k|fyldstfqmd g5'l§g] x'Fbf k"FhLut cfof]hgfsf xsdf o; ljlwaf6 juL{s/0f ug{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . o; ljlw cGtu{t cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ dxTj tyf cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df lgDgadf]lhd ^ txdf ljefhg ug'{k5{ . != clt h?/L (urgent)@= h?/L (essential)#= cfjZos (necessary)$= OlR5t (desirable)%= :jLsf/of]Uo (acceptable)^= eljiosf] nflu kG5fpg ;lsg] (deferrable)

s] s:tf] cfof]hgfnfO{ clt h?/L, h?/L jf cfjZos eGg] xf] ;f] 5'6\ofpg lglZrt dfkb08 (criteria) rflxG5 . ljleGg ;/f]sf/ kIfx¿sf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf Jofks 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg dfkb08 (evaluation criteria) to ug{ ;lsG5 . k"FhLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if0fsf] d"Nof+sg dfkb08sf] gd"gf b]xfoadf]lhd pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+. 16 k"+hLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if-f (gd'gf)ju{ juL{s/0f cfwf/ (General criteria)

!=

clt h?/L cfkTsfnLg cj:yfnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf

(Urgent) hgtfsf] :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff tyf sNof0fdf cfOk/]sf] vt/fk"0f{ cj:yf ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf

s'g} klg cj:yfdf :ylut ug{ g;lsg] cfof]hgf clt h?/L sfo{qmd (critically needed program)

nfO{ sfod /fVgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf@=

h?/L jfx\o ;xof]u pknJw ePsf cfjZos cfof]hgf

(Essential) cfˆg} cfoaf6 jf lghL >f]t kl/rfngaf6 ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] cfof]hgf (desirable self liquidating projects)

rfn' sfo{qmdnfO{ sfod /fVgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf ;fj{hlgs If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu rfxlg] cfof]hgf

(121)

#=

cfjZos :ki6 ?kn] klxrfg ePsf cfjZostf (clearly identified needs) k"/f ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf

(Necessary) ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf g/x]sf k'/fgf, cg'ko'Qm ;'ljwfx?nfO{ abNgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf

ljBdfg ;'ljwfx?sf] cfo' jf k|of]u cjlw nDofpgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf

$=

OlR5t rfn' sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:yflkt ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf

(Desirable) ;d'bfosf nflu pko'Qm 7xl/Psf gofF sfo{qmd yfngL ug{sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] cfof]hgf

ljBdfg ;'ljwfnfO{ cGo pkof]udf kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf

%=

:jLsf/ of]Uo

( Acceptable)

ah]6÷/sd s6f}tL ug{ cfjZos k/]sf] cj:yfdf :ylut /fVg ;lsg] cfof]hgf

^=

eljiosf nflu of] cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z gu/L eljiosf] lglDt :ylut /fVg ;lsg] cfof]hgf

kG5fpg ;lsg]

(Deferrable)

;di6Lut cfjZostf, of]hgf th'{dfsf] kof{Kttf tyf ;dosf] pko'Qmtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;Gb]xhgs (questionable) cfof]hgf

(122)

lrq g+. 6. tYof+s÷;"rgf ljZn]if-f, ;fem]bf/x?sf sfo{qmd tyf :yfgLo hgrfxgfaLrsf] ;lDdng / ;Gt'ng

jflif{s of]hgf dfkm{t sfof{Gjog

(123)

tYof+s÷;"rgf ljZn]if0fbL#{sfnLg ;f]r

/ l;$fGtx?

ljifout lgsfo / ljsf;sf

;fem]bf/x¿af6 k|:tfljt

cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo k|flKt ljZn]if0f tflnsf

;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4ltaf6 cfPsf hgrfxgf

Onfsf:t/Lo uf]li&df %nkmn

ljifout sfof{nox?sf]

of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd

lhNnf ljsf;sfnIo, p@]Zo tyf glthfx?

ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?

u};; / ;fd'bflos ;+u&gx?

ljifout p@]Zo, k|fyldstf, ;"rs

/ /)fgLltx?lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

:yfgLo lgsfox?-lhNNff

ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, uf=lj=;_

k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstfk|fKt

kl/of]hgfx?

sfo{qmd tyf kl/of]hgfx?sf]

k|:tfj

cGo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf of]hgf /

sfo{qmdx?

sfo{qmd tyf kl/of]hgfx¿sf] clGtd

5gf}6/ sfof{Gjog tof/L

jflif{s of]hgf

jflif{s of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6

jif{ ! @ # $ % ====

====

6.3 k|d'v sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx? %gf}^ tyf ah]^ Joj:yf nIo k|flKt ljZn]if0f tyf k"FhLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cflhljof] cjlwleq pknAw x'g] s"n ah]6sf] cfwf/df ;+rfng x'g] d'Vo d'Vo cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ 5gf}6 u/L o; zLif{sdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . k|To]s cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ah]6 tyf ah]6 pknAw x'g] ;|f]tsf] pNn]v ug'{kg]{5  -cg';"lr–!^_ .

pknAw x'g] ah]6eGbf a9L ah]6 cfjZos k/]sf] v08df a9L x'g] /sd s;/L k"lt{ ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] n]vfhf]vf ;d]t u/L yk ah]6 h'6fpg] /0fgLlt ;d]t oxfF pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿ b]xfosf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ug'{k5{ .

tflnsf g+. 17 k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] ljj/-fqmd cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmds

f] gfdof]hgf :yn nfut cg'dfg

5gf}6 eO;s]sf k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿n] cflhljof]sf] s'g glthf tyf ljifout p2]Zo k|fKt ug{df of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5 ;f] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df b]xfoadf]lhdsf] tflnsfdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .

(124)

tflnsf g+. 18 k|d'v sfo{qmdx?, kl/of]hgf / To;sf k|d'v lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;f/f+z

ljifout p2]Zo(Sectoral Objective)

glthfx¿ (Result

s)

k|d'v sfo{qmdx¿

(Major programmes)

k|d'v lqmofsnfkx¿

(Program Components)!= !=

@=

#=$=

!=!!=@

@=!@=@

!=!!=@!=#

@=#=$=

k|d'v sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/-fo; lzif{s cGtu{t ;+rfngsf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/Psf] cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f b]xfosf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ug'{k5{ .

tflnsf g+. 19 cfof]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/-f (gd"gf) (Project Briefs)

!= k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt!=! cfof]hgfsf] gfd!=@ cfof]hgf ljj/0f !=# cfof]hgf lsl;d -k"+hLut÷cGo_!=$ cfof]hgf :yn!=% cfof]hgf :t/

-/fli6«o÷If]qLo÷lhNnf÷Onfsf÷uflj;÷gkf÷j8f_!=^ nlIft nfeflGjt ;d'bfo

@= k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt c;/@=! cfof]hgfaf6 ;dfwfg x'g] ;d:of÷cj;/@=@ cfof]hgfsf] sf/0f nfeflGjt ;d'bfodf x'g] ck]lIft

kl/jt{g

(125)

@=# :yfgLo /fhZj tyf vr{df cfof]hgfsf] k|efj@=$ cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljt x'g] cGo rfn' jf k|:tfljt

ultljlwx?#= sfof{Gjog tyf Joj:yfkg

#=! ;DefJotf cWoog cfjZos kg]{÷gkg]{ < kg]{eP s:n] ug]{ <

#=@ cg'dflgt cfof]hgf nfut <#=# cfof]hgfsf] ah]6sf] ;|f]t <#=$ sfof{Gjog s:n] ug]{ <#=% ;~rfng s:n] ug]{ <#=^ cfof]hgf cjlwe/ ;+rfng ;+ef/sf] nflu rflxg] ;|

f]t ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 5}g <#=& cfof]hgfsf] ;kmntf jf o;af6 x'g] kmfObf ;'lglZrt

ug{ s] k"/f ug'{kg]{ xf]<#=* cfof]hgfsf] k|lts"n jftfj/0fLo k|efj kg]{ gkg]{ <

k|efj kg]{ eP ;Gt'ng Nofpg s] ug]{ <

6.4 cfof]hgf z'? / ;DkGg x'g] cjlw (Project Phasing)

tyf sfof{Gjog tflnsfcfof]hgfx¿ 5gf}6 u/L sfof{nodf cfPkl5 slt ;dofjlw leq k"/f ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] /0fgLlt to ul/g' clt cfjZos 5 . o:tf] /0fgLltsf] cefjdf cfof]hgf z'? ePsf] bzf} jif{ lalt;Sbf klg w]/} cfof]hgfx¿ cw'/f] /x]sf 5g\ . cfof]hgfx¿ lglZrt cjlwleq k"/f ug{ Ifdtf eGbf a9L cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug'{ x'Fb}g . ;fy} sd cjlwleq k"/f ug{ ;lsg] cfof]hgfx¿sf] 5gf}6 ug'{k5{ . ctM o; lzif{scGtu{t 5gf}6 ul/Psf cfof]hgf z'? tyf ;DkGg x'g] cjlwsf] lgSof]{n ug'{kg]{5 .

cflhljof]sf] k"0f{ cjlw -%–& jif{_ df sfo{qmdsf] k|s[lt / k|fyldstfcg';f/ s'g jif{ s'g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / To;sf] nflu slt ah]6 Joj:yf 5 cflb s'/fx¿ v'n]sf] sfof{Gjog tflnsf ;d]t

(126)

tof/ ug'{k5{ . o;sf cfwf/df kl5 sfof{Gjog txdf cg'udg ug{ klg ;lhnf] k5{ . o;sf] gd'gf cg';"rL–!& df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

6.5 k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf] ef}uf]lns vfsf(Land use and spatial structure)

s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ljsf; e"ld (land) ;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 jf ljsf;sf] c;/ e"lddf kg]{ x'G5 . ctM ljsf;sf] qmddf e"–pkof]udf kl/jt{g cfpF5 . ;fy} ef}uf]lns ljsf; vfsfdf kl/jt{g cfpg] x'G5 . ctM cflhljof] cjlwdf x'g] nufgL tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;n] e"–pkof]u tyf ef}uf]lns :j¿kdf s:tf] kl/jt{g Nofpg] ;f]rfO /flvPsf] 5 ;f]sf] ljj]rgf o; lzif{scGtu{t u/L k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u tyf ef}uf]lns :j¿kdf s:tf] kl/jt{g Nofpg] ;f]rfO /flvPsf] 5 ;f]sf] ljj]rgf o; lzif{scGtu{t u/L k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u tyf ef}uf]lns :j¿knfO{ oyfzSo gSzfaf6 b]vfpg'kg]{5 .

6.6 ;+u&gfTds ;+/rgf / ljsf; Joj:yfkg 6.6.1 lhDd]jf/L tflnsf

o; tflnsfdf s'g sfo{qmd s;n] ;~rfng ug]{, s;n] cg'udg ug]{ / s'g lgsfon] ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ eGg] s'/f to ul/G5 . o;n] kl5 cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg sfo{df klg ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 . cfjlws of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;~rfng ul/g] ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjog d"nt ljifout sfof{nox¿, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf÷;fd'bflos ;ª\3;+:yfdfkm{t\ Pjd\ lghL If]qsf] kl/rfngåf/f ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . o;df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;+of]hs, pTk|]/s, ;xof]uL / ;dGjostf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 .

k|:t't cfjlws of]hgfsf] bfo/f (framework) leq /x]/ o;n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf nIo / p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltåf/f jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g'k5{ cyf{t\ jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6 cflhljof]s} Ps cleGg c+u xf] . -cufl8 tflnsf !& / !* x]g'{xf];\_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnLn] lgwf{/0f u/]cg';f/ lhDd]jf/L tflnsf tof/

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ubf{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf d"ntM b]xfosf s'/fx¿df s]lGb|t /xg] u/L lgwf{/0f ul/g'k5{ . lhNnfsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' (district planning

agency) . lhNnfsf nflu ljleGg ;fem]bf/x¿ kl/rfng u/L ljsf;

sfo{ cl3 a9fpg] pTk|]/s Pjd\ ;dGjostf{ ;+:yf . of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug]

{ lhNnf:t/Lo d'Vo lgsfo . lhNnf ljsf;sf] gLlt lgdf{tf . lhNnfjf;Lx¿nfO{ ljleGg Ph]G;L / ;ª\3;+:yfdfkm{t ;]jf /

;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] d'Vo lgsfo (service ensuring agency) .

lhDd]jf/L tflnsfsf] gd'gf tn lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+. 20 lhDd]jf/L tflnsfsf] gd'gf

p2]Zo

sfo{qmd

lhDd]jf/L s}lkmot;dGjost

f{sfof{Gjo

gstf{;xof]uL

1= 2=

nlIft sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ nlIft ju{df ;s];Dd a9L nfe k'Ug], Gofof]lrt x'g] Pjd\ cfly{s k|efjsfl/tf (cost-efficiency) ;d]tsf cfwf/df b]xfoadf]lhd j}slNks Joj:yfkg k4lt;d]t cfjZostfg';f/ cjnDjg ug{ ;lsG5 . j:t' jf ;]jf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf nlIft ju{;Dd k'¥ofpg

s/f/ / ;Demf}tf (contracting out) ljlw;d]t ckgfpg] . pkef]Qmf, ;ldlt, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / ;fd'bflos ;ª\u7g

Pjd\ :yfgLo:t/sf cGo ;ª\3;ª\u7gdfkm{t\ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ . ;fem]bf/lsf cfwf/df ;d]t sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

ljsf; sfo{df gful/s ;dfhnfO{ clwstd kl/rfng ug]{ . lghL / Jofj;flos ;ª\u7gx¿sf] ;|f]t;fwg / ;Lksf] pkof]u

ug{ ;fem]bf/Ldf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

(128)

6.6.2 cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k$ltbl/nf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg k4ltn] g} sfof{GjognfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L, ldtJooL / glthfd'vL agfpF5 . To;}n] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ cg'udg s;n], s;/L ug]{, To;sf] tf}/tl/sf s] x'g], cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf s'/fx¿sf cfwf/df sfof{Gjog kIf s;/L ;'wfg]{ cflb nufot lgoldt, dWofjlw / clGtd d"Nof+sg s'g lgsfon] s;/L ug]{ / pQ/bfloTjsf] kIf s:tf] x'g] eGg] s'/f ;d]t of]hgf b:tfj]h o;df :ki6 ul/g'k5{ . cg'udg ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx¿sf] cfwf/df ug{ ;lsG5 .

-s_ sfof{Gjog of]hgf -cg';"rL–!&_-v_ cfof]hgf ljj/0f tflnsf -u_ lhDd]jf/L tflnsf -3_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf !! df pNn]lvt

b]xfoadf]lhdsf cfwf/x¿ ;DkGg ePsf k|To]s cfof]hgfsf] Ps jif{kl5 k|efj d"Nof+sg ug]{ . ;~rfng eO/x]sf cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljifout ljj/0f tyf k|ult d"Nof+sg k|To]s

^ dlxgfdf ug]{ . ;DkGg ePsf cfof]hgfsf] dd{t ;+ef/;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] d"Nof+sg k|To]s jif{ ug]{ . cfof]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt ;d'bfosf] lsl;d / kl/0ffd klxrfg ug]{ . cfof]hgfaf6 ePsf] pTkfbg j[l4 Pjd\ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x¿ klxrfg ug]]{ . cfof]hgfaf6 kof{j/0fdf k/]sf] k|efj klxrfg ug]{ .

-ª_ cfof]hgfsf] xsdf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnLsf] lgod @)^ df pNn]lvt b]xfoadf]lhdsf cfwf/df ;d]t cfof]hgfsf] k|efj d"Nof+sg ug'{kg]{M ;fdflhs k|efj cfly{s k|efj ;]jf ;'ljwf jftfj/0fLo k|efj

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cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|0ffnLsf] 5gf}6 tyf lgwf{/0f b]xfosf s'/fx¿ (factors) nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ug'{k5{ . s] s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ xf] (what should be measured):

clhljof]df p7]sf dxTjk"0f{ d'2fx¿ (crucial issues)

x¿sf] ;dfwfgsf] l:ylt s] 5 jf cflhljof] cjlw leq ul/Psf ultljlwn] oL ;d:ofx¿df s:tf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 ;f] ;DaGwL n]vfhf]vf ug{ cjfZos x'g] x'Fbf s] s] s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ xf] ;f] sf] cfwf/df cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL lglZrt ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu k|To]s ljifout If]qsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ ;"rsx¿ (indicators) 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsG5 . -cg';"rL–!%_

s;sf] nflu o:tf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ xf] (for whom it should be

measured): cg'udg÷d"Nof+sg glthfsf] k|of]ustf{ sf] x'g\ ;f] sf] klxrfg u/L k|of]ustf{sf] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df ;"rgf jf ;"rsx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 . k|of]ustf{sf] cfwf/df ;"rsx¿ (indicators) nfO{ rf/ k|sf/df ljeQm ug{ ;lsG5 . -!_ nufgL txsf cfwf/e"t ;"rs jf ultljlw ;"rs (input indicator):

cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog jf ug'{kg]{ ultljlw s] s] x'g\ < sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfnfO{ lglb{i6 ;dodf k"/f ug{ s'g s'g ultljlw slxn] ug'{kg]{ xf] < s] s:tf] ;]jf / ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ xf] < ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] nufgL slt / s;/L ug]{ cflb s'/fx¿ k|f/Dedf lglZrt u/L sfo{of]hgf (plan of operation) tof/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . pNn]lvt s'/fx¿ 7Ls ;dodf eP gePsf] cg'udgsf] nflu d'Vo d'Vo ultljlw (milestone activities) nfO{ ultljlw;"rs (input indicator) sf] ¿kdf klxrfg ug'{k5{ . o;k|sf/sf] ;"rs cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogstf{nfO{ cfjZos k5{ .

-@_ k|ltkmn ;"rs (performance/output indicators): cflhljof] sfof{Gjogaf6 lg:sg] glthfnfO{ gfkhfFr ug{sf nflu k|ltkmn ;"rssf] cfjZostf /xG5 . pbfx/0ffy{ dn, ljp, s[lif C0f, k|;f/ ;]jfx¿ input x'g\ eg] s[lif pTkfbg k|ltkmn (output) xf] . k|ltkmn ;"rssf] k|of]ustf{ cg'udg ug]{ tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ lgsfo x'g ;S5 .

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-#_ c;/ ;"rs (effect indicators): cflhljof] sfof{Gjogaf6 lg:sg] glthfsf] s] s:tf] c;/ k¥of] ;f] gfkhfFrsf] nflu c;/ ;"rsx¿sf] cfjZostf /xG5 . pbfx/0ffy{ s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ePkl5 s[ifs kl/jf/sf] cfo (income) j[l4 x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;"rssf] k|of]ustf{ of]hgf tyf gLltlgdf{0f txdf /xg] lgsfox¿ x'g ;S5 .

-$_ k|efj ;"rs (impact indicators): cflhljof] sfof{Gjogaf6 x'g] c;/sf] s] s:tf] k|efj k¥of] ;f] gfkhfFrsf] nflu k|efj ;"rsx¿sf] cfjZostf /xG5 . pbfx/0ffy{ s[ifs kl/jf/sf] cfo (income) j[l4 ePkl5 s[ifs kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/ (income level) df j[l4 x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;"rssf] k|of]ustf{ of]hgf tyf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf /xg] lgsfox¿ x'g ;S5 .

cflhljof] th'{dfsf qmddf cg'udg k|0ffnL :ki6 ¿kdf to u/L cg'udgsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{k5{ . :yfgLo :jfoq zf;g P]gdf pNn]lvt dfly j0f{g ul/Psf s'/fx¿sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fx¿sf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o:tf] n]vfhf]vf s;/L ug]{ xf] (how it should be measured ?):

lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ;"rsx¿n] l:yltdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ gfkhfFr ug{ ;S5 ls ;Sb}g eGg] ljifodf Jofks 5nkmn x'g cfjZos 5 .

tYof+s÷;"rgf s;/L ;+sng ug]{ < (how data should be

collected): ;"rs ;DaGwL tYof+sx¿ ljZj;gLo / e/kbf]{ x'gsf nflu of] s;/L s;af6 ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f k|i6 x'g'kb{5 . tYof+ssf] ;|f]t / ;+sng tl/sf e/kbf]{ 5 5}g z'?d} 5nkmn u/L 6'+uf] nufpg'k5{ .

;"rgf slxn] / s:tf] ¿kdf cfjZos kg]{ xf] (when and in what

form information is needed): ;"rgfx¿ cfjZos x'g] a]nf pknAw x'g ;Sg] l:yltnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;"rgf slxn] / s:tf] ¿kdf cfjZos k5{ ;f] sf] clu|d ¿kdf cg'dfg ug'{k5{ .

;"rgf ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t't s;n] s] slt ;dodf ug]{ xf] (who will collect, analyze, and present the information): cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] nflu ;"rgf ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'ltsf] lhDd]jf/L s;sf] xf] / o;sf] nflu slt ;|f]t tyf ;do nfU5 ;f] sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

(131)

;fy} cg'udg sfo{of]hgfnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ;"rgf ;+sng, k|zf]wg Pjd\ ljZn]if0fsf] nflu k|ltj]bg lng] / lbg] lhDd]jf/L ls6fg u/L pko'Qm ;+oGq ;d]t tof/ ug'{kb{5 .

gjf} of]hgfn] ul/jL lgjf/0fnfO{ j[xb\ nIosf] ¿kdf c+lusf/ u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf ul/jL /]vf d'lg /x]sf hg;+Vofsf] u'0f:t/Lo cfwf/e"t ;]jf (quality basic services) / cfly{s cj;/x¿sf] kx'Frdf clej[l4 ug]{ tyf ltgLx¿sf] ;+:yfut lgdf{0f u/L /fHo Joj:yf (governance) df k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf a9fpg] sfo{ eP gePsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug{ cfjZos /xG5 . o;sf nflu s]xL ;"rsx¿sf] gd"gf b]xfo adf]lhd 5 .

tflnsf g+. 21 ljifout ?kdf dfu tyf cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rsx?sf] gd"gf

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs (demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs(supply side indicator)

vfB tyf kf]if0f

lzz'x?sf] hd/f slDtdf 2=5 lsnf]sf] x'g'kg]{ .

kf“r jif{ d'lgsf lzz'x? sd tf}n (severly or moderately underweight)

gx'g'kg]{ . ue{jtL

tyf ;'Ts]/L cfdf (pregnant and lactating mother) nfO{ iron tyf iodine sf] sdL gx'g'kg]{ .

s'kf]lift afnaflnsfnfO{ k'gM:yflkt (rehabilitated) ug'{kg]{ .

afnaflnsf tyf cfdfnfO{ micro-nutrient

supplements k|bfg ug]{ . cfdf

lzz' :ofxf/ ;DaGwL k|;f/ ;]jf ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ .

vfB pTkfbg tyf j[l$ sfo{qmd kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfo;Dd k'u]sf] x''g'kg]{ .

:jf:Yo

tflndk|fKt :jf:YosdL{sf] /]vb]vdf lzz' hGd x'g'kg]{ .

Ps jif{ d'lgsf ;a} lzz'x?n] vf]k kfPsf]

k|f/lDes :jf:Yo ;]jf (primary health care facilities) sf] nflu 6 ls=ld= eGbf a(L lx+*\g' gkg]{ .

*fS^/ ePsf] ;/sf/L jf lghL lSnlgsdf kx'“r .

;fdfGo /f]syfd ug{ ;lsg] /f]ux?

(132)

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs (demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs(supply side indicator)

x'g'kg]{ . ue{jtL cfdfn]

l^^fg; ^f]S;fO*sf] b'O{ dfqf kfPsf] x'g'kg]{ .

kf“r jif{ d'lgsf afnsnfO{ emf*fkvfnf (diarrhea

episode) Psk^seGbf a(L gnfUg'kg]{ .

/f]syfd ug{ ;lsg] /f]uaf^ kl/jf/df s;}sf] d[To' gx'g' kg]{ .

ljjflxtx?df kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf k'u]sf] x'g'kg]{ .

(lgdf]lgof, emf*fkvfnf cflb) sf] kof{Kt Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] :jf:YosdL{ tyf bafO¿cf}iflwx?sf] pknAwtf l:ylt

:jf:Yo rf}sLx?df Ps dlxgfsf] nflu rflxg] cTofjZos bafO¿cf}iflwx?sf] df}Hbft x'g'kg]{ (essential drugs) .

tflndk|fKt :jf:YosdL{ (trained community health worker) k|To]s j*fdf sDtLdf Pp^f x'g'kg]{ .

Ifo/f]u nIf)fx? hf“rL ;s]sf] lgbfg ug'{kg]{ .

:s"n] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ h'sf tyf cGo k/lhjL lgoGq)f bafO¿cf}iflw k|bfg u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ .

vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

vfg]kfgLsf] nflu Ps kl/jf/n] 10 ldg]^eGbf a(L lx+\*\g' gkg]{ .

k|To]s #/df :jR% rkL{ (water-seated, flush type) x'g'kg]{ .

;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff

JolQm lj?$ x'g] ck/fw -xTof, anfTsf/, b'Jo{jxf/, zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s rf]^k^s cflb_ af^

b}jLk|sf]k p$f/ ;ldlt k|efjsf/L x'g'kg]{ .

k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;ldlt ;Ifd

(133)

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs (demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs(supply side indicator)

kl/jf/ ;b:o ;'/lIft x'g'kg]{ .

;DklQ lj?$ x'g] ck/fw -*s}lt, rf]/L, anhkm\tL, rGbf ;+sng, cflb_ af^ kl/jf/ ;b:o ;'/lIft x'g'kg]{ .

k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf^ kl/jf/ ;b:o kLl*t gx'g'kg]{ .

x'g'kg]{ .

cfwf/e"t lzIff tyf ;fIf/tf

tLgb]lv kf“r jif{sf afnaflnsf lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| jf k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno hfg] u/]sf]

6 b]lv 12 jif{sf afnaflnsf k|f/lDes :s"n (elementary school) hfg] u/]sf

13–16 jif{sf ljBfyL{ dfWolds ljBfno hfg] u/]sf

bz jif{ dflysf kl/jf/ ;b:ox?n] n]vk( tyf ;fwf/)f ul)ft -;fIf/_ hfGg] x'g'kg]{ .

ljBfno kl/Tofu u/]sf o'jf tyf k|f}(sf] nflu ;fIf/tf sIff ;+rfng

zf/Ll/s ?kn] czQmx?sf] nflu lzIff

ljBfyL{–lzIfs cg'kft

ljBfyL{–sf]&f¿a]Gr cg'kft

;fIf/tf b/, ljBfno hfg] b/df j[l$

ljBfno kl/Tofu b/df sdL

;Gtf]ifhgs ljBfyL{ pQL)f{ b/

cfo tyf hLjgofkg

#/d"nL /f]huf/¿k]zfdf nfu]sf]

#/sf] jo:s ;b:o k]zf¿

s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf j[l$

JolQm tyf ;fd'bflos pBd ;+rfngdf j[l$

(134)

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs (demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs(supply side indicator)

/f]huf/df nfu]sf] kl/jf/sf] cGo

Go"gtd :t/ (subsistence threshold level) eGbf dfly /x]sf]

:yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x?df j[l$

:yfgLo pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/)f ;]jf

pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjsf] j[l$sf nflu pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf k|j${g

dlxnfx?sf] /f]huf/Ldf j[l$

k/Dk/fut tyf :yfgLo k|ljlwx?sf] ljsf;, ;Da${g tyf ;+/If)f

;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf; sfdbf/x?

sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff s

hf{ ;]jf nufgLstf{n]

dfu]sf] a]nf shf{ k|fKt u/]sf]

pTkfbgzLn ultljlwsf] nflu kof{Kt dfqfdf shf{ k|bfg ePsf] .

pTkfbgzLn ultljlwdf uPsf] shf{sf] ;Gtf]ifhgs C)f e'QmfgL b/ /x]sf] .

pTkfbgzLn ultljlwsf] nflu klxnf] shf{ (first loan) k|bfg ul/Psf] .

pTkfbgzLn ultljlwsf] nflu gof“ shf{ (new loan) k|bfg ul/Psf] .

jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg

lbuf] tYo jftfj/)f d}qL ;|f]t pkof]u tyf pko'Qm k|ljlwnfO{ ckgfOPsf] 

(135)

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs (demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs(supply side indicator)

. jftfj/)f d}qL

kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg k|)ffnL :yfkgf u/]sf] .

pko'Qm e"–pkof]u of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/]sf] .

k"jf{wf/ ljsf;

#/#/df ljh'nL k'u]sf]

;+rf/ ;'ljwfdf kx'“r

x'nfs ;'ljwfdf kx'“r

ahf/ ;'ljwfsf] :yfkgf

af(L lgoGq)f ;'ljwf

l;+rfO k|)ffnL lj:tf/

:jf:Yo s]Gb| lgdf{)f

;*s lgdf{)f tyf ;Def/

k"nk"n];f lgdf{)f tyf ;Def/

:yfgLo Ifdtf lgdf{0f tyf hg–;xeflutf

;fd'bflos ;+:yfdf ;b:otf lng] #/ ;+Vof

:yfgLo u};;x?sf] :yfgLo lgsfodf k|ltlglwTj

;d'bfodf art kl/rfng

;fd'bflos C)f nufgL

6.6.3 dWofjlw / clGtd d"Nof+sg

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lgoldt ¿kdf cg'udg, d"Nof+sg / ;dLIffsf cltl/Qm cfjlws of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] t];|f] jif{df :jtGq k]zfljb\ d"Nof+sgstf{ ;d]t /x]sf] 6f]nLn] uxg cWoog u/L cfjlws of]hgfsf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sg ug]{ s'/f ;d]t b:tfj]hdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . dWofjlw d"Nof+sg ug]{ 6f]nLdf /xg] cGo ;b:ox¿ / o;sf] sfo{If]q / sfo{ljlw lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf lhNnf kl/ifb\n] lg0f{o u/L lgwf{/0f ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5  . dWofjlw d"Nof+sg 6f]nLn] u/]sf l;kmfl/zsf cfwf/df cfjlws of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog cem k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cl3 a9fOg' ;xh Pj+ pko'Qm x'G5 .

dWofjlw d"Nof+sg ubf{ cGo s'/fx¿sf cltl/Qm ;"rsx¿sf] ;+VofTds / u'0ffTds l:ylt, ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltsf] ljsf;, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{sf avt ;+sng x'g g;s]sf t/ lglZrt ;do leq ;+sng ug]{ elgPsf tYof+sx¿sf] cBfjlws l:ylt cflbsf] ;d]t j:t'ut ¿kdf d"Nof+sg ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} o;/L yk ¿kdf ;+slnt / cBfjlws tYof+s / ;"rgfnfO{ pkof]u ub}{ hfg] kl/kf6L a;fNg'k5{ .

;fy} cflhljof]sf] clGtd jif{df of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/df ;+VofTds, u'0ffTds / k|lqmofut ;Dk"0f{ kIfx¿ ;d]6\g] u/L clGtd d"Nof+sg ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] lgrf]8sf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfufdL cjlwsf] cflhljof] th'{df ug'{k5{ .

6.7 cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k"j{tof/L tyf jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmd

6.7.1 cflhljof]sf] :jLs[lt tyf k|sfzgcflhljof] b:tfj]h tof/ eO;s]kl5 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] a}7n] kfl/t u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu lhNnf kl/ifb\df k7fpg' kg]{5 . lhNnf kl/ifb\n] cflhljof]nfO{ :jLs[t u/]kl5 ;f] df k|ltlqmofsf] nflu :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t\ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno tyf ljifout dGqfnox¿df k7fpg' kg]{5 . s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf k|ltlqmof adf]lhd cflhljof]df

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cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] u/L cflhljof]sf] k|sfzg ug'{k5{ .

6.7.2 cflhljof]sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k"j{tof/L cflhljof] b:tfj]h kfl/t eO;s]kl5 ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ tyf ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfaLr ;dGjo, ;dembf/L tyf ;fem]bfl/tf ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf Ps sfof{Gjog k"j{tof/L uf]i7L ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

6.7.3 jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmdcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog of]hgf (implementation design) df pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu jflif{s ah]6 l;lnª, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u tyf ljifout dGqfnosf] dfu{lgb]{zgsf] cfwf/df k|To]s cfly{s jif{df sfof{Gjogsf nflu jflif{s nufgL of]hgf jf sfo{qmd tof/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] nfe nfut ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg ;d]t /fv]sf]n] k|fyldstfqmddf /x]sf cfof]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu 5gf}6 ug'{ k"j{ tL cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;DefJotf cWoog u/L ;DefJo cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdnfO{ dfq jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ .

sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog cflhljof]df ;dfj]z ul/Psf cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdx¿ nufgLsf] lx;fan] ;fgf, demf}nf jf 7"nf vfnsf klg x'g ;S5g\ . cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] cfsf/sf] lx;fan] ;DefJotf cWoog klg s'g} cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] nflu lj:t[t ¿kdf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 eg] s'g} cfof]hgf÷ sfo{qmdsf] nflu df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf ubf{ k'Ug] x'G5 . cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ b[li6ut ug'{kg]{ s'/f lgDgadf]lhd 5g\ .

;DefJotf cWoog s] xf] <

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of] Ps k|lqmof xf] h;af6 k|:t't cfof]hgf pknJw ahf/, k|fljlws, ljQLo tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] ;+rfng of]Uo (viable) 5 5}g eGg] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] ;Lldttfn] ubf{ :yfgLo rfxgfsf ;a} cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;lsg] x'Fbf k|lt:kwf{df /x]sf ;+efljt cfof]hgfx¿dWo]af6 ;a}eGbf pQd cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ ;DefJotf cWoogn] d2t ub{5 . o;n] cfof]hgf Jojxfl/s (practical) tyf wfGg ;lsg] (viable) 5 5}g eGg] 5fgaLg ub{5 .

;DefJotf cWoogsf] d'Vo d'Vo c+ux?(Major components of the feasibility study)

;DefJotf cWoog cGtu{t b]xfosf ljZn]if0fx¿ ul/G5 . ahf/ ljZn]if0f (market analysis)

k|fljlws ljZn]if0f (technical analysis)

ljQLo ljZn]if0f (financial analysis)

cfly{s ljZn]if0f (economic analysis)

jftfj/0fLo ljZn]if0f (environmental analysis)

n}+lus ljZn]if0f (gender analysis)

;+u7g Joj:yfkg ljZn]if0f (operational analysis)

ahf/ ljZn]if-f

cfof]hgfsf] k|ltkmn (output) sf] clGtd k|of]ustf{ (end-users) sf] sf] x'g\ < cfof]hgfaf6 lg:sg] pTkfbg jf ;]jfsf] dfu s] slt 5 tyf s] slt ahf/ d"Nodf ;f] pknAw 5 eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ ahf/ ljZn]if0fdf vf]lhG5 . o;n] lglZrt pTkfbgsf] dfu–cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] n]vfhf]vf ub{5 .

k|fljlws ljZn]if-f

nlIft ju{ jf ahf/n] ck]Iff u/] cg'¿ksf] u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, nfut tyf ;dodf cfof]hgfn] pTkfbg jf ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;S5 jf ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf k|fljlws ljZn]if0faf6 lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws ljZn]if0fdf b]xfosf s'/fx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{M cfof]hgfsf] cfsf/, cfof]hgf :yn tyf k|ljlw cfjZostf jf dfu

cg'¿ksf] 5 5}g tyf pko'Qm 5 5}g <

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cfof]hgfsf] x/]s k|fljlws kIf (all technical features) :ki6 u/L kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 5}g tyf sltsf] Jojxfl/s (workable), k"0f{ (adequate) tyf ;fdflhs ¿kn] :jLsf/of]uo (socially acceptable) 5 <

cfof]hgfsf] nflu rflxg] ;fdu|Lx¿ (input resources) cfjZos kl/df0f tyf u'0f:t/sf] pknAw 5 5}g <

cfof]hgfn] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ljZj;gLo 9+un] ck]Iff u/] cg'¿k ;]jf ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug{ ;S5 ;Sb}g .

:yfgLo txaf6 dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ k|fljlws ¿kdf slQsf] ;Dej 5 .

ljQLo ljZn]if-f

cfof]hgf Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] u|fXo (commercial viability) 5 5}g eGg] ljQLo ljZn]if0fn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . cfof]hgfn] C0f nufgL (debt obligations) tyf ;+rfng vr{ (cost of operation)

p7fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 5}g eGg] n]vfhf]vf ub{5 . ljQLo ljZn]if0fn] b]xfosf s'/fx¿ :ki6 kf5{ . cfof]hgfdf s] slt k"FhLsf] cfjZos k5{ . cfjZos k"FhLsf] nufgL ;|f]t (funding source) s] x'g ;S5 . cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo pknlAw (financial performance) ;Gtf]ifhgs

5 5}g .s[lif ljsf; cfof]hgfs]f ljQLo ljZn]if0f ubf{ kmfd{ cfo ljZn]if0f (farm income analysis) ug{ ;lsG5 . s[lif kmfd{df yk nufgL ubf{ s] slt yk cfo k|fKt x'G5 eGg] n]vfhf]vf ug'{k5{ . sltko cfhf]gfx¿ ljQLo b[li6sf]0fn] u|fXo (viable) geP klg ;fdflhs ¿kn] kmfObfhgs (socially beneficial) x'g] x'Fbf sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ l:ylt cfpg] x'G5 .

cfly{s ljZn]if-f

cfly{s ljZn]if0fn] cfof]hgf ;d'bfosf] nflu slQsf] kmfObfhgs 5 eGg] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . cfof]hgfn] lhNnf÷/fi6«sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs lxt (welfare) df slQsf] of]ubfg (net contribution)

k'¥ofpF5 eGg] n]vfhf]vf u5{ . cfof]hgfsf] nfut (cost) eGbf kmfObf (benefit) a9L eof] eg] Tof] cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] u|fXo (viable) x'G5 .

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jftfj/-fLo ljZn]if-f

cfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fdf x'g] c;/ pNn]vgLo (significant) ePsf] v08df 5'§} æjftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg (environmental impact

assessment/EIA)Æ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . s] s:tf] cfof]hgfx¿sf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo d"Nof+sg (intial environmental examination/IEE)

ug'{kg]{ xf] jf s] s:tf] cfof]hgfsf] nflu EIA cfjZos k5{ ;f] ;DaGwLt P]g lgoddf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . P]g / lgoddf Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg u/fP/ dfq cfof]hgf sfof{Gjo ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

cfof]hgfn] jftfj/0fdf s] s:tf] k|efj kf5{, ;f] k|efj pNn]vgLo (significant) 5 5}g tyf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogaf6 jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjnfO{ 36fpg (mitigation) ;lsG5 jf ;lsb}g . 36fpg ;lsg] eP s] s:tf] 36fpg] pkfox¿ (migitation measures) ug{ ;lsG5, tyf jftfj/0fLo c;/ 36fpg] sfo{sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL s:tf] x'g'kg]{ xf] eGg] tYox¿ jftfj/0fLo ljZn]if0fn] lgwf{/0f u5{ .

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n}+lus ljZn]if-f

o;df s'g} klg cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdn] dlxnf / k'?ifdWo] s'g ju{nfO{ a9L kmfObf k'U5Ù ;fdflhs ;dfgtf / sfo{af]emdf ;Gt'ng Nofpgdf pQm cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdn] sltsf] d2t k'¥ofpF5 jf k'¥ofpFb}g eGg] s'/fx¿sf] ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f ul/g'k5{ . -cg';"rL–(_

;+u&g Joj:yfkg ljZn]if-f

o;k|sf/sf] ljZn]if0fn] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pko'Qm ;+u7gfTds :j¿k s:tf] x'g'kg]{] xf], cfof]hgfsf] nflu s] slt hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf kb{5, cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ jt{dfg ;+u7gsf] Ifdtf s:tf] 5 eGg] ljifosf] ljj]rgf ub{5 .

o;sf ;fy} cfof]hgfsf] Jojxfl/stf (practicability) tyf cfjZostf (desirability) df c;/ kfg]{ /fhgLlts, ;+:yfut, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts h:tf dxTjk"0f{ kIfnfO{ ;d]6L ljZn]if0f ub{5 .

cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ k|d'v s'/fx¿sf] ;"rL (checklist) tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 . ;fy} 7"nf cfof]hgfx¿sf] nflu tof/ ul/g] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] ljifo;"rLsf] gd"gf klg tn lbOPsf] 5 .

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tflnsf g+. 22 cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? (Ps gd"gf)

v08 (Component) p2]Zo (Objective) glthf (Output) ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿ (Scope of work/inputs)

ahf/ ljZn]if0fMarket Analysis

cfof]hgfaf6 pTkflbt ;fdu|L jf ;]jfsf] slt dfu 5 < s] slt laqmL x'g ;S5 tyf s] slt laqm|L ug'{k5{ eGg] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

dfu÷cfk"lt{ l:ylt ljZn]if0f

pTkflbt ;fdu|L÷;]jfsf] nflu ljBdfg dfFu tyf cfk"lt{sf] cg'dfg

eljiodf x'g] dfFu / cfk"lt{sf] k|If]k0f

k|fljlws ljZn]if0fTechnical Analysis

nlIft ju{ jf ahf/n] ck]Iff u/] h:tf] u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, nfut tyf ;do cg'¿ksf] ;fdu|L jf ;]jf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

pTkfbg ljj/0f (product specification)

nufgL tyf k|If]lkt nfut pTkfbg

ahf/ ljj/0f (market specification)

laqmL÷k|If]k0f÷:6s gLlt

j}slNks k|ljlwx¿

pTkfbg ;fdu|L, kl/df0f tyf nfut

ljQLo ljZn]if0fFinancial Analysis

cfof]hgfdf s] slt k"FhLsf] cfjZostf 5, cfjZos k"FhL stfaf6 h'6fpg] tyf cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo pknlAw ;Gtf]ifhgs 5 jf 5}g ;f] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

s"n cfof]hgf nfut

sf]ifsf] ;|f]t (source of funds)

gfkmf / gf]S;fgL k|If]k0f

gub k|jfx (cash flow)

cfDbfgL vr{ ljj/0f (balance sheet)

ljQLo cg'kft ljZn]if0f

l:y/ k"FhL nufgL

sfo{ ;~rfng k"FhL

C0f nufgL laqmL tyf nfut

cfly{s ljZn]if0fEconomic Analysis

;fdflhs cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 cfof]hgf cfjZos 5 5}g lgwf{/0f ug]{

;fdflhs cfly{s kmfObfx¿

nfe nfut ljZn]if0f

jftfj/0fLo ljZn]if0fEnv'tal Analysis

cfof]hgf jftfj/0f d}qL 5 5}g lgwf{/0f ug]{

cfof]hgfs]f jftfj/0fdf x'g] gsf/fTds tyf ;sf/fTds c;/x¿

k|f/lDes jftfj/0f d"Nof+sg

jftfj/0f k|efj d"Nof+sg

;+u7g÷Joj:yfk

cfof]hgfsf] pko'Qm ;+u7gfTds :j¿k,

;+u7gfTds

;+u7gfTds :j¿k ljZn]if0f

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g ljZn]if0f O & M Analysis

hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf tyf ;+rfng cjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{

9fFrf hgzlQ

m cfjZostf cfof]h

gfsf] ;do ;fl/0fL

ahf/Ls/0f, pTkfbg, k|zf;g, n]vf, ;+rfngsf] nflu sd{rf/L cfjZostf ljZn]if0f

ahf/Ls/0f, pTkfbg, ;+rfng of]hgf

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tflnsf g+. 23 ;DefJotf cWoog kmd]{^sf] gd"gf!= cfof]hgf ljj/0f (Project Profile)

cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt, d'Vo sfo{x¿, dxTjk"0f{ :j¿k cfof]hgf :yn nlIft ju{ ljQLo cfjZostf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo ahf/, k|fljlws, ljQLo, cfly{s, jftjf/0fLo tyf ;

+u7gfTds b[li6sf]0fn] cfof]hgf u|fXo 5 5}g ;f] sf] ljj]rgf

@= k[i7e"ld (Background)

cfof]hgfn] ;dfwfg ug]{ ;d:of jf cj;/sf] ljj/0f cfof]hgfsf] cf}lrTo (rationale or justification)

k|efljt If]qsf] ljj]rgf tyf cfof]hgfsf] cGt/;DaGw

#= ahf/ cWoog (Market Study)

cfof]hgfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf jf pTkfbg ;fdu|Lsf] ljut, jt{dfg tyf eljiodf x'g] dfFusf] ljZn]if0f

To:tf] ;]jf÷;'ljwf jf pTkfbg ;fdu|Lsf] ;|f]tx¿ / ljut tyf ljBdfg cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f

cGo ahf/ ;DaGwL kIfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ahf/ ;DaGwL ;DefJotf cWoogsf] lgrf]8

$= k|fljlws kIfsf] cWoog (Technical Study)

cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ j}slNks pkfox¿sf] k|fljlws ;DefJotf

ef}lts ;|f]t cfjZostf ;fdflhs ;DefJotf -k|ljlwsf] pko'Qmtf,

hg;xeflutf, ;fdflhs afwf c8\rgx¿_ lgdf{0f sfo{of]hgf tyf ;+rfng k|fljlws cWoogsf] lgrf]8

%= nfut nfe ljZn]if0f (Cost Benefit Study)

cfof]hgfsf] hLjgsfn (life time) e/ nfUg] nfut (cost)

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– k"FhLut nfut– ;+rfng tyf ;Def/ nfut

cfof]hgfsf] hLjgsfn (life time) e/ x'g] kmfObfx¿

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Case Study of Batangas City, Philippines, School of Urban and Regional planning, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Queson City.

Advisories for Local Development Investment Programme (1994), Guidelines for Local Planning, NEDA/DILD/League of Province, municipalities, Vities and Liga NG MGA Barangay, Philippines.

Asian Regional Environmental Assessment Programme, (1996), EIA Training Manual for Professionals and Managers, The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Kathmandu, Nepal.

Bernd Jenssen (Ed.), (1992), Planning as Dialogue: Selected Methods in District Development Planning and Management, University of Dortmund, Germany.

Canadian Co-operation Office (1995), Gender Analysis Guidelines, Kathmandu, NepalDeutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), (1989), Managing On-site

Project Implementation: A Guideline, Federal Republic of Germany. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, (1979), Guidelines for Rural

Centre Planning, United Nations, New York. Guy Benveniste (1989), Mastering the Politics of Planning: Crafting Credible Plans and

Policies That Make a Difference, Jossey-Bass Publishers, London. H. Detlef Kammeier and Peter J Swan (Ed.) )1984), Equity with Growt: Planning

Perspectives for Small Towns in Developing Countries, AIT, Bangkok Law Books Management Board, (2055), Local Self-Governance Act, 2055, Ministry of Law

and Justice, HMG/Nepal, Kathmandu.Law Books Management Board, (2056), Local Self-Governance Regulations, 2056, Ministry

of Law and Justice, HMG/Nepal, Kathmandu.National Economic and Development Authority (1984), Project Development Manual,

Republic of the Philippines, ManilaNational Economic and Development Authority (1984), Project Development Manual,

Republic of the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines.National Economic and Development Authority, (1995), Guidelines for the Preparation of

the Regional Physical Framework Plan, Republic of the Philippines, National Planning Commission (2055), The Ninth Plan, His Majesty's Government of Nepal,

Kathmandu Nicholas Schall (1993), Appropriate Techniques for Regional Development Planning and

Management, SPRING Working Papers, University of Dortmund, Germany. Participatory District Development Programme, (2000), District Development Planning and

Management: Manual for District Development Planners, NPC/MLD/UNDP, Kathmandu, Nepal

Rondinelli, D.A. (1985), Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimentions of Development Policies, West View Press-London.

School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines and Facultat Raumplanung, SPRING Centrum, University of Dortmund, (1998), Comprehensive Development Plan for the Batangas Bay Area, Volume I and II, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

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School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines and Facultat Raumplanung, SPRING Centrum, University of Dortmund, (1997), Comprehensive Development Plan for Guimras Provice, Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

Society for Environment and Development (1999), A Training Manual (Local Self-Governance Act and Regulations) for VDC Officials, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Strategic Planning and Policy Division (1999), Is a Project Being Managed for Development Results: Integration of RBM Principle in Project Monitoring, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Asia Branch

Tridiv Borah and Roswitha Piesch (Compiled), (1996), Reader on Agriculture, University of Dortmund, Germany.

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tflnsfx?sf] ;"rLtflnsf g+. 1 tYof+s / of]hgfaLrsf] ;DaGw.................................21tflnsf g+. 2 ;xeflutfd"ns k$lt / k|fljlws kIf aLrsf] ;Gt'lnt lqmofsnfk 25tflnsf g+. 3 le/fnf]kg juL{s/-f ug]}{ cfwf/................................30tflnsf g+. 4 s[lif e"–pkof]u lsl;d (Agriculture Land Use Type)...........31tflnsf g+. 5 j:tLx?sf] juL{s/-f...................................................34tflnsf g+. 6 j:tL juL{s/-fsf nflu cfwf/sf ?kdf lnOg] ;]jfsf] lsl;d / k|sf/ 34tflnsf g+. 7 kfl/jfl/s ;DkGgtfsf] :t/............................................39tflnsf g+. 8 s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin) (gd"gf 1)..............41tflnsf g+. 9 k|d'v pTkfbgsf] s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin calculation) (gd"gf 2)...................................................................41tflnsf g+. 10 ;d:of÷;jfn ljZn]if-f tflnsf........................................41tflnsf g+. 11 k|:tfljt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmd ;DaGwL k+lhsf.............41tflnsf g+. 12 åGå–kl/k"/s–cg's"n ;DaGw ljZn]if-fsf] gd"gf..........41tflnsf g+. 13 sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] k|f/lDes ;"rL....................41tflnsf g+. 14 nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f tflnsf (gd"gf).............................41tflnsf g+. 15 nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f d"Nof+sgaf^ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/-f (gd'gf) 41tflnsf g+. 16 k"+hLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if-f (gd'gf).............41tflnsf g+. 17 k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] ljj/-f.........................41tflnsf g+. 18 k|d'v sfo{qmdx?, kl/of]hgf / To;sf k|d'v lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;f/f+z 41tflnsf g+. 19 cfof]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/-f (gd"gf) (Project Briefs)..........41tflnsf g+. 20 lhDd]jf/L tflnsfsf] gd'gf.........................................41tflnsf g+. 21 gjf} of]hgfdf lgwf{l/t ;"rsx?sf] gd"gf.....................41tflnsf g+. 22 cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? (Ps gd"gf) 41tflnsf g+. 23 ;DefJotf cWoog kmd]{^sf] gd"gf..........................41

lrqx?sf] ;"rLlrq g+. 1. ljleGg txsf of]hgfx?aLr cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo............18lrq g+. 2. of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof............................................22

lrq g+. 3. hf]lvd kIfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tl/sf.........................41lrq g+. 4. ;f]rb]lv ljleGg txsf p@]Zox?aLrsf] cGt;{DaGw......41lrq g+. 5. bL#{sfnLg ;f]rb]lv sfo{qmd;Ddsf] ts{a$ <[ª\vnf..41lrq g+. 6. tYof+s÷;"rgf ljZn]if-f, ;fem]bf/x?sf sfo{qmd

tyf :yfgLo hgrfxgfaLrsf] ;lDdng / ;Gt'ng................41

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zAb ;+If]kcflhljof] M cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf STD : Sexually Transmitted Diseases

uflj; M ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt lhlj; M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt g=kf= M gu/kflnsf /f=of]=cf= M /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u:yf=lj=d+= M :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno u};; M u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf BOT : Build, Operate and Transfer

of]hgf;DaGwL s]xL zAbfjnLx?sf] kl/efiff(Operational Definitions)

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf

M o;nfO{ efu @ sf] @=! df kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 .

lgb]{zs÷ljsf; l;4fGt

M lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;nfO{ bL3{sfndf stflt/ n}hfg] eGg] s'/f lgb]{lzt ug]{ k|lta4tf ;lxtsf] Jofks If]q ;d]6\g] a[xt\ gLlt

nIo M lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ;dli6ut p2]Zox¿ xfl;n eO;s]kl5 glhs k'lug] pRrtd cj:yf

lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zo

M nIodf k'Ug of]ubfg ug]{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;sf ;dli6ut p2]Zox¿

sfo{qmd M glthf / p2]Zox¿ kl/k"lt{df k|ToIf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d]6\g] a[xt\ ultljlw

/0fgLlt M elfjiodf xfl;n ug{ /flvPsf] nIo jf p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ df}h'bf cj:yfdf lnOg'kg]{ gLltut sbd

ultljlw M sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf k|ToIf ;xof]u

k'¥ofO{ glthf xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ lqmofsnfkx¿

;"rs M cfzfltt k|ltkmn k|fKt eP gePsf] j:t'ut, kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds ¿kdf dfkg ug]{ cfwf/

hf]lvd kIf M of]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] lgoGq0fdf g/x]sf], t/ of]hgfsf] nIo, p2]Zo / glthf xfl;n ug{ k|efj kfg]{ ;Defljt cj:yf jf tTj

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v)* s M kl/ro, gLltut / sfg"gL cfwf/x?Introduction, Policy & Legal Bases

v)* v M of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|lqmofut (f¤rf

Planning Framework

v)* u M tYof+sLo cfwf/ / ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if)f

Database & Information Analysis

v)* # M of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{dfPlanning and Programming

v)* ª M sfof{Gjog of]hgfImeplementation Design

cg';"rLx?Annexes