Yellow Fever Virus

By Wendy BuahinCheryl Lamptey

Objectives

Background on Yellow Fever History of Yellow Fever What type of virus is it? Current events and topics Questions and Comments

What is Yellow Fever?

Acute viral disease

Caused by an aborvirus

RNA virus

Mosquitoes are the 1̊ vector

Human and Monkeys are affected

Life Cycle of Yellow Fever

ParasiteMosquito

Humans & Monkeys

Environment

Aedes aegypti

Aedes simpsoni

Aedes africanus

Mosquito Anatomy

www.insecta-inspecta.com/ mosquitoes/malaria/

An Electron Micrograph of YFV

http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/cdc/2176.html

YFV History

Outbreak in Philadelphia

Spanish American War-1898

Virginia Outbreaks

Dr. Carlos Finlay

Dr. Walter Reed

Bold ExperimentDr. Carlos Finlay

Dr. Walter Reed

YFV Vaccine

Used since the 1930’s Scientists at the Rockefeller

Foundation in New York developed a live vaccine (17D)

The 17D vaccine was first tested in 1936 in New York and in 1937 in Brazil.

Endemic Zones

Classification

Group:Group IV ((+)ssRNA) Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Flavivirus Species: Yellow fever virus

YFV Complete Genome

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=genome&gi=10413

Accession: NC_002031 Total Bases Sequenced: 10862 bp Completed: Jan 14, 2003.

Karyotype

Comparative Virology of YFV

Mosquito borne flaviviruses Tick-borne flaviviruses NS5 and interferon

Current Issues & Topics Minas Gerias, Brazil -Between January and March 2001, an outbreak of

jaundice and hemorrhagic fever occurred in the state of Minas Gerias, Southeast region of Brazil, in which a mortality rate of 53% was reported. Seroconversion, virus isolation, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) identified yellow fever virus (YFV) as the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak. Partial nucleotide sequence analysis from a fragment of the YFV genome spanning parts of nonstructural (NS) 5 gene and 3’ noncoding region (3’ UTR) showed that the YFV involved in this outbreak belongs to South American genotype 1 and differs from the Brazilian virus identified in 1966. J Med. Virol. 68:620-627, 2002

Norfolk, Virginia- The steamer Ben Franklin en route to NY from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands which had a YF epidemic raging, made an emergency stop at Hampton Roads. Her cargo contained the larvae of the Aedes aegypti and was a “Pandora’s Box”. By beginning of the winter frost 2,000 people had perished. http://www.norkolkhistorical.org/highlights.36.html

References http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.scholar.google.com http://www/cdc.gov http://www.astdhpphe.org Journal of Medical Virology 68:680-627

(2002)

Questions & Comments