Year 8 Geography Guidance for Assessment in February 2018

Your assessment in Geography will take place in the double lesson during Week 7. Preparation for your assessment takes place during lessons and Prep in weeks 5 and 6. You will not be able to talk to other members of the class during the assessment but you can seek guidance from me. I will not give you the answers but suggest sources you could look at or areas for further investigation. This assessment will account for up to 10% of your overall Holmwood House Certificate. Here are the topics you will be assessed on in the forthcoming paper:- Global Location - (see two tables below). OS map skills - you will be asked questions based on a map extract. We will practice this in your lessons in week 6. Earthquakes and Volcanoes - you did most of the work for this unit in Year 6.

Weather and Climate - Completed in Year 7. This assessment will include questions on the weather and climate of the British your slide show on hurricanes and your project on the microclimate of Holmwood House. Rivers and Flooding - to include questions based on your recent Google slideshow on Flooding in Somerset (you started this in Prep in week 5 - you will be given a question on the extent and causes of the flood). Your main sources for revision are:-

● The ‘Essentials’ sheets on the school’s web site (there are copies of these accompanying this Email). Revise the following essential sheets:-

Map skills - the essentials!

Earthquakes and Volcanoes – the essentials!

Rivers – the essentials!

Weather and Climate – the essentials!

● KS3 Geography Revision Guide (Complete Study and Practice).

Earthquakes and Volcanoes pages 15-26 Types of rocks and weathering pages 27-29 Weather and Climates pages 40-49 Rivers and Flooding pages 50-58

● Exercise Books – you have information in three to four exercise

books; these include all your work in geography from the beginning of Year 6. You are not expected to know everything in these books – read through them but use them as a backup to your main sources of revision – the CGP KS3 Revision Guide, ‘Essentials’ sheets and past papers/examination questions.

● Learning Log and e-learning Log - this is where you will find

Google slideshows (e.g. Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, Somerset Floods, River Brett and Microclimate of HH, extra worksheets, information sheets, completed past papers, practice examination questions, A4 case study sheets and hard copies of the ‘Essentials’ revision sheets.

Global Location To practice for your assessment, you will need to name and locate the following features and places on a World map:-

OS map skills You will be practicing map skills in one of the lessons prior to your assessment. Your Revision Guide (RG) has a summary of the skills you need to use - pages 146 to 148. You need to be able to do the following:-

● Use four and six figure grid references to identify features on the map.

● Identify compass directions (16 point)

● Identify simple relief features on a map e.g. a slope, a hill, a valley, a river etc.

● Work out the straight line distance between two points as well as being able to measure the distance along a winding road, river, railway etc. (use the straight edge of a piece of paper for the latter).

● Work out the range of height between two points on the map using

contour lines and/or spot heights.

● Describe the land use of a part of the map – can be a whole host of things including coniferous/non-coniferous woods, ind est indicating industrial estate, housing, roads/railways, quarry, hotel, caravan and camping etc.

● Identify reasons for the location of settlements – along a flat part of a valley, near a river for water, near woods for fuel (early settlement factors), near roads/railway lines/ports (settlement growth!), nodal points (particularly for Market Towns), away from flooding from a large river.

● Identify reasons for the location of land use such as industrial

estates, airports, seaports, retail parks, business parks etc. – flat land for space and expansion, near urban area for source of labour, not too near an urban area as to cause too much disruption, near transport routes for bringing supplies/raw materials in and transporting finished products to other towns/cities, away from potential flooding of large rivers etc.

● Identify different types of economic activity on a map e.g. Primary (farm, Quarry, Coal Mine, fishing port ), Secondary (Ind est which is an abbreviation for Industrial Estate, Sewage Works, Wks which is an abbreviation for any type of manufacturing activity, Mill) and Tertiary (Shopping Centre, Leisure Centre, Museum, Information Centre, Train Station etc.).

● Describe the course of a river on a map from the source (where

land is higher, indicated by tighter contour lines), through the middle stage (where land becomes gentler indicated by wider contour lines) to the final mature stage (where the land is virtually flat indicated by very wide spacing in contour lines on a map). Please note that you may be asked to describe the changing shape of the channel as well as the changing shape of the valley (look at recent work done in your exercise book).

● Identify which way a river is flowing on a map – look at spot

heights/contour heights along the course of the river; the river will always flow from the higher points towards the lower points.

● Identify general symbols

● Describe a route along a road, rail track or between two points –

this will involve you being able to identify natural features on the map (such as hills, valleys, meanders etc) and man-made features such as roads, pubs etc. You will need to use compass points e.g. turn east rather than left/right!

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

● The global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes. Make sure you know where the Pacific Ring of Fire and Mid-Atlantic Ridge are located! (RG page 17 – your exercise book is better for this).

● How to annotate a diagram of a destructive plate boundary, where oceanic and continental plates meet – this is very important! (RG page 16 - Also, look at the diagram in your Year 6 exercise book).

● Volcanoes – what happens when volcanoes erupt? (RG page 19).

● Different types of volcanoes – a Shield volcano and a Composite

volcano (RG page 19).

● The internal structure of a volcano – layers of ash and lava, main cone, secondary cone, main vent, secondary vent, magma chamber (RG page 19 and exercise book).

● Earthquakes – Focus, Epicentre, seismic waves (RG page 18).

● Earthquakes – Why are earthquakes so destructive? Why are

MEDCs better prepared than LEDCs (RG pages 20 - 23).

● Examples of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions volcano - you need to cover the nature, causes, environmental and human effects and human responses.Your case studies are The volcanic eruption of Mount St Helens (MEDC), The Japanese earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 (MEDC) and the Nepal Earthquake of 2015 (LEDC).

Here is a summary video of the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens:- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_2qtaVs5u4

Also, a straightforward slideshare:- https://www.slideshare.net/PLANETGE0GRAPHY/mt-st-helens-case-study Here is a quick summary of the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami:- https://exploregeography.net/case-study-the-tohoku-tsunami-japan-2011/ A more detailed report:- https://joeblakey.com/geography/case-study-japan-earthquake-tsunami-110311/ Here is a simple but useful Prezis presentation on the Nepal Earthquake of 2015:- https://prezi.com/ll8ne_g03uwu/nepal-earthquake-case-study/

Weather and Climate ● The difference between weather and climate (RG top of page 37

and page 41).

● Microclimates - the influence of aspect, shelter, buildings, surface and natural features in relation to microclimates (RG page 40). Make sure you revise your Google Slideshow on Holmwood House microclimate.

● Weather Instruments (RG page 41).

● The Water Cycle - evaporation, transpiration, condensation,

precipitation, interception, surface run-off, infiltration and throughflow (RG pages 45 and 46).

● Factors affecting temperature – Latitude, Altitude, Distance from the sea, Ocean currents and the prevailing wind (RG page 38).

● Rainfall – relief, convectional, frontal. How to draw or annotate a diagram and explain the formation of different types of rainfall (RG page 42).

● Causes of temperature and rainfall variation from place to place

in the British Isles - the main temperature and rainfall patterns in the British Isles the influence of latitude, altitude, relief, prevailing winds, distance from coast and the impact of the North Atlantic Drift (Essentials sheet - Quick revision Sheet on Britain’s Weather and Climate).

● Hurricanes - You need to revise your Google Slideshow on the

September 2017 hurricanes that hit the south and east of the USA. Remember! - Causes, Impacts and Responses.

Rivers and Flooding ● Processes of Weathering - Physical (Freeze/Frost shattering,

onion-skin), Chemical and Biological weathering (RG pages 29 and 30).

● Processes of erosion – Hydraulic Action, Abrasion, Corrosion and

Attrition (RG page 53).

● Processes of Transportation – Solution, Suspension, traction, Saltation, swash, backwash and Longshore Drift (not in RG; see

exercise book or BBC Bitesize online).

● River landforms and processes – Waterfall, Meander and floodplain (RG pages 54 and 55). Remember! - annotating a diagram means that you have to explain what is going on i.e. the processes such as types of erosion, types of weathering etc.

● Flooding - Causes and impacts. Make sure you revise what you

have done to date on the Somerset Floods of 2013/14 (events and causes).

And that’s about it!

Make sure you do as many practice assessment questions as you can between now and your assessment. These can be found in the separate document ‘Year 8 Practice Questions for Summative Assessment.’

A final note – Assessments are important and people get nervous. The

best way to approach examinations is to be well prepared. Your responses to questions will be more effective if you are relaxed and

confident in your preparation.