Year 7 Technology Assessment Task 1

Technology assessment task 1/3

Design Brief and situation

- Produce a money box vehicle

- Vehicle must have a detachable money box

- Vehicle must work as a toy

- Develop a comprehensive project portfolio

Term 1-2014 Page 1 of 31

Timber Structures

Timber (wood) is the oldest construction material that has been used for thousands of years for different purposes like tools, weapons and huts.

Even today timber has hundreds of uses. Some of the structures made of timber are:

House framework

Outdoor furniture

Indoor furniture


Flooring

Playgrounds

Fencing

Retaining walls


Electrical and telephone poles

Gazebos, pergolas

House doors, windows, stairs etc.


Materials

PVA Glue

PVA (Polyvinyl Acetate) is a water based glue that can be used for interior or exterior projects. Any excess glue must be cleaned quickly because when it dries it is very hard to remove. It is the most popular timber glue because:

- it is non toxic- it does not have any harmful smell- it dries clear- it is flexible- it is easy to apply- it can be handled without gloves- it is very strong when it’s dry- it is not as expensive as other types of timber glue

The white PVA is the interior glue because it dries clear but is not waterproof. The yellow PVA is water resistant so is used for exteriors but doesn’t dry clear.

Acrylic

Acrylic paint is water based paint that is water resistant, meaning that it can’t be washed with water when it’s dry. Even though it is fast drying it can still be cleaned with water before it’s completely dry. Acrylic does not smell much so it can be used indoors and outdoors. It actually has a good resistance to sun as well. It is usually applied by brush. If it has to be repainted, it is easier to remove than oil based paints.

Timber is porous so acrylic paint can’t be directly applied to it. Timber must be sealed and primed first before the top acrylic coats are applied.


Nails

A nail is a pin-shaped metal object which is used for bonding pieces of timber together. They are usually used in combination with other bonding methods because they are not very strong on their own. They usually have a sharp point on one end and a flattened head on the other.


Hoop Pine (lat. Araucaria Cunninghamii)

Hoop Pine is a native Australian tree that grows in Queensland and New South Wales. The colour is very light, the grain is straight and the texture is fine. It is softwood so it is very easy to work with.

It has many uses in construction of flooring, shelving and furniture like cupboards. It is also used to make plywood. It can also be used outdoors for fencing, retaining walls, pergolas and playground equipment but it must be treated first against rotting. Because it is so soft, it can be used for making musical instruments, stationary and brooms and brushes for cleaning.

Plywood

Plywood is an engineered (manufactured) timber board. The layers of solid timber veneer are glued together and compressed under heat. Usually the interior layers are made from cheaper wood but the outer layers are made from more expensive timber. The grains of each layer are at 90 degrees to the next one. The timber grain orientation is important because that is what gives plywood its strength but also helps resist bending, warping, shrinkage and cracking. At the same time, it is lighter in weight than solid timber.

Plywood disadvantage is the look of its layered edges. It may also contain knots.

The main uses are in flooring, walls and ceiling, acoustic insulation, furniture, curved surfaces (eg to make sailing boats) etc. Depending on its use, the main types of plywood are:

- Structural plywood- Concrete formwork plywood- Marine plywood- Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)- LVL/plywood I-Beams.


Dowel

A dowel is a round pin used to attach timber pieces to each other. They can be made of different materials but their main purpose is to make a joint stronger. Usually the dowel is inserted and then the joint is glued together.

Dowels are simple and quick to make. They create neat joint but its strength depends on the glue used. The only problem is how to drill the holes accurately.

Wooden dowels are mostly used in furniture making but can also be used to make frames, boxes, birdcages, coat or key holders etc.



Tools and Machines

Jack plane is used to remove a large amount of wood of a plank surface. It has a slightly rounded blade to make cutting easier.

Router is a machine that makes many fancy shapes on the timber edge.

Portable drill, with a drill bit attached, is used to drill holes in timber. There is a bit designed for timber use. There are corded and cordless drills.


Scroll saw is used to cut shapes out of wood. It has a very fine saw that cuts round shapes nicely without chipping the wood. Hot glue gun is used for joining timber pieces. Sticks of solid glue are passing through the hot gun and molten glue comes out of the front nozzle.The Drill Press is a free standing machine used for drilling holes. It is easier to use than the portable because it is more precise and can drill larger holes, and it is easier to drill at angles.


Band Saw is a free standing machine used for cutting irregular shapes of wood. It can cut thick materials but the width is limited by the arm on the left side of the cutting table

Sliding bevel is a woodworking tool used to set a desired angle or to duplicate an existing angle

Marking gauge is used in woodwork to mark out lines pararlel to a straight edge, for cutting, gluing or other operations.


Bench hook is a jig used to hold timber while sawing or planing. Downward pressure keeps it from moving or a second brace is added on the bottom to hook to the bench

Tenon saw is a type of a hand saw that is used where a stiff blade is needed.

G clamp is a type of a clamp used to hold timber pieces together, or secured to a bench. They are not very adjustable for size but there are many sizes available.


Pincers are hand tool used to remove nails from wood. Because of the rounded shape, the tool is just rolled to remove the nail.

Cross pein hammer is a hammer with a small head. In woodwork it’s used for small nails.

Nail punch is a tool that is hit with a hammer to push the nails below the surface of wood.


Wooden mallet is a wide head hammer designed so to minimise the damage to the wooden object.

Try square is a woodworking tool used to mark the right angles on the wood or measure if the right angles are accurate.


Joints

Butt Joint

The butt joint is when one piece of wood is butted against another and they are glued together. This joint is really simple to make but is the weakest of all so it is often strengthened by nails or screws. It also does not look nice so it is used in areas that will be hidden.

Dowel Joint

Dowels are small cylindrical wooden pieces that fit in the holes of the two wooden objects to be joined together. The connection is even stronger if the two pieces are glued as well. Dowel joint looks much neater than the butt joint.


Dovetail joint

Dovetail joint is one of the most elegant, strongest and the most difficult to make joints. It has two parts: the tails are flared, triangular and are cut on one board. The pins are slender and are cut on the other board. When connected, they can’t slide or twist and need only glue to hold them together, no nails or screws.

Mortise and tenon joint

This is the most commonly used joint and one of the oldest. It is very strong and neat looking but hard to make. There are many variation of the design but the theory is that the tongue of the tenon slides tightly into the slot of the mortise. The pieces are glued together.


Finishes

Clear LacquerLacquer is a clear wood finish that is applied as a liquid but then dries hard when all of the solvent evaporates. It can have any sheen level from matte to gloss. It is the most commonly used wood finish because it is not expensive, dries very fast but gives wood good protection and colour. There are different types of lacquer.

Nitrocellulose is the most common type of lacquer. It has good water resistance but not heat and solvent resistance. When applied it makes the wood look darker. It goes yellow with age so some people don’t like it because of that.

Acrylic lacquer is similar to nitrocellulose, except it is a clear like water and will not go yellow over time.

Water based lacquers release less toxic fumes and are much healthier both for people and environment. They are often used when making wood furniture.Below picture shows the difference between the wood coated with 2 coats of clear lacquer and the raw board.

Wax


Waxes are made from different sources - mineral, vegetable and animal. They may be liquids, paste or stick (solid) form and can have any colour from clear to dark stained. Difference between lacquers is that they penetrate wood, while waxes sit on top. Wax is easy to apply, gives a good shine that can be repolished at any time and has low toxicity. However, there are many minuses. Wax has low resistance to scratching, water, solvents and heat, wax becomes dull over time so require buffing which is hard. Once it gets dirty it is difficult to clean and repair.


Shellac

Shellac is a resin secreted from Lac insect found in Southeast Asia. When they dry, these secretions are collected and mixed with alcohol prior to use as a wood warnish. Shellac is applied with a brush but alcohol dries quickly so extra care is required when applying it. When dry, it is durable and strong. When maintained regularly, it gives excellent protection so is used for flooring in commercial areas. It has very good sealing characteristics. It is also often used for touchups because it blends in with the surrounding finish.Disadvantages are that it is not resistant to either alcohol, water or heat. It lasts longer when stored in glass containers than metal.

Stain

Wood stain penetrate deep in the timber and gives colour to the timber. In other words, stain provides colour and it is usually used with another finish on top of it.Below is the picture of 4 different stains: Ironbark - Jarrah - Cedar – Teak, on three types of timber: Merbau – Pine – Yellow Balau


Existing Designs of Money Boxes

Tardis

21 cm high x 11.5 cm square

Positive- Square shape is

easy to use and fill

- Colour schemeMinus

- Too high to fit the truck

- If lowered, base (11.5cm) is too small

InterestingDoctor Who is my favourite fictional character and his Tardis is the best spaceship in the universe


London Double Decker Bus

11.5cm long die cast metal money box.

Positive- Retro style is ‘in’- I like red vehicles, they go faster

Minus- Too small, can’t fit much money in 11.5cm even in a double decker

InterestingThese buses can’t be seen in Australia so they are interesting.


Rubik's Money Box10cm x 10cm x 10cm

Positive- Rubik’s cube is brightly coloured- Square shape means you can fit more in it

Minus- Not much information on the website- Size is too small

InterestingLooks like a real Rubik’s cube


ATM Money Box

Dimensions 255mm L X 90mm W X 220mm H

Positive and InterestingThis is the most interesting money box. It does things like a real ATM machine like counting money and making noises and lights. The display tells you how much money you have in the money box. If you put birthday dates, it reminds you of those birthdays. The size is really big, you can fit a lot of birthday moneys in it. MinusIt’s a bit wide, I don’t know how it’s going to fit the truck.


Existing Cabin Designs - initial designs

Positive- Looks like a real truck

Minus- Too long- Back doesn’t fit my money box design

Interesting- Very nice, like burnt, exterior


Positive- Large and square so would fit my money box.

Minus- Too long, need to remove the trailer

Interesting- Boring


Positive- Looks simple to make- Tray is square and when removed it will fit my money box

Minus- Nothing

Interesting- It is an army truck and it is a 6x6 (6WD)


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Documents

Year 7 Technology Assessment Task 1