Year 2006 Report “Better” Managed and Controlled Transmission Grids using Advanced Technological Concepts Aty Edris EPRI Power Delivery & Markets [email protected]

Year 2006 Report

“Better” Managed and Controlled Transmission Grids

usingAdvanced Technological Concepts

Aty Edris

EPRI

Power Delivery & Markets

[email protected]

2© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Challenges

• Full Use of Transmission

Capacity

• Maintain Power Delivery

Stability, Power and

Voltage Stabilities

• Power Flow Control and Management,

Real and “Reactive” Power


R&D Work in 2006

• Reactive Power Management

• Operator/planner training simulator for the use of advanced technological Concepts

• Grid Shock Absorber Concept

• Bidirectional HVDC Valve and Tripole HVDC

• ETO-Based STATCOM for Wind Farm

• FACTS Technology- Information and Knowledge Sharing


Need

Expected Results

EPRI Interregional Reactive Power Management Initiative

Focused Analysis of Reactive Power and Voltage Control In Large Interconnected Transmission Grids

Demonstration of Reactive Power-Voltage Control Management Strategy for Prevention or Mitigation of Voltage Instability and Cascaded Failure Problems


Interrgional Reactive Power Management

EPRIs Interregional Reactive Power Management project aims at developing better methods for efficient use of reactive power resources and voltage control in order to improve power system operation reliability, security, and the functioning of markets.Reactive power planning is a key component. New methods are needed to help planners design systems which remain strong and robust under all conditions and contingencies.

2006 Results

Development of highly automated method which identify “critical voltage control areas” in a system (for wide ranging topology, conditions, transfers and contingencies) and the required reactive power reserve solutions which will ensure system security.


Voltage Control Area- Changing Shape and size

with Load Levels and/or Transmission Contingencies

750 +282j

250 +84j

100 +62j

20 + 8j

276 + 120j

130 + 8j

300 + 100j

750 + 262j 440+ 200j

120 + 11j

350 + 150j

227 + 420j 704 + 308j

2

3

4

5

7

6

1

8

9

1011

12 13

14

15

1617

176 +88j

1224 + 465j

408 + 155j

163 + 62jj

33 + 13j

458 + 199j

212 + 1297j

488 + 166j

1224 178j 731 + 365j

196 + 296j

531 + 219j

552 + 734j 1170 + 512j

2

3

4

5

7

6

1

8

9

1011

12 13

14

15

1617

282 +178j

1249 +465j

408 +155j

196 +62j

36 + 14j

488 + 203j

216 + 1597j

509 + 199j

1249 + 1550j 747+ 375j

200 + 300j

594 + 254j

602 + 813j 1195 + 523j

2

3

4

5

7

6

1

8

9

1011

12 13

14

15

1617

298 +149j

Load Increase and/or Transmission Contingencies


11 Operating Configurations ModesCSC Schematic Structure

Marcy Convertible Static Compensator

Planner/Operator Training Simulator


Planner/Operator Training Simulator for Advanced Transmission Technological ConceptsTechnical update, Product ID#1012411

Training Simulator SystemCompiled MATLAB code

Dispatch

SystemConfiguration

SetpointsSystemVoltagesand Flows

UPFC control diagram Station one-line diagram

Excelfile

Excelfile


“Grid Shock Absorber” Implementation On Eastern Interconnection (EI)

VV

M W

Implementation of EPRI Converter-Based BTB Technology

Voltage supported junctionsSwitchingconverter

gcV V Vga gb

CouplingTransformer

Q

AT AC TERMINAL 2

DC terminal

Generator 1ac terminal

Vg

Parametersetting

Switchingconverter

gcV V Vga gb

Idc

CouplingTransformer

2V

DC terminal

Generator 2ac terminal

Vg

References

System variables

1V

Control P

2

2

>P2>Q2

P2 >Q2 <

00

00

>0P20Q2

<

0P20Q2

<<

Q

AT AC TERMINAL 1

P

1

1

>P1>Q1

P1 >Q1 <

00

00

>0P10Q1

<

0P10Q1

<<

C

Vdc

C

Vdc

+ +

P1 = -P2

MVA limitMVA limit

The idea !

Area 2Area 1

Grid Shock AbsorberSM


“Grid Shock Absorber” Implementation On Eastern Interconnection (EI)

E

Ontario

D

Hydro Quebec

A

New England

B

New York

C

Outside World

PJM

B

A

D

C


Impact of Generation Trip on Power Flows

G

B

A

D

C

1200 MW1625 MW

1150 MW

2775 MW

G150 MW G150 MW

500 MW500 MW

500 MW500 MW

G50 MW

G50 MW

G

50 MW

G

50 MW

G GG G

450 MW450 MW

Case 1 Case 1 –– With ac linksWith ac links

G

B

A

D

C

1200 MW1625 MW

2225 MW

G600 MW

G600 MW

600 MW

100 MW100 MW

100 MW100 MW

G400 MW G400 MW

Case 1 Case 1 –– With With dcdclinkslinks

B

Case 1 Case 1 –– With ac linksWith ac links Case 1 Case 1 –– With With dcdclinkslinks


Impact of Generation Trip On System Dynamics

AC Links

DC Links


Impact of “Larger” Generation Trip on Power Flows

G

B

A

D

C

2700 MW

1625 MW1625 MW

G100 MW

G100 MW100 MW

2600 MW2600 MW

Case 2 Case 2 –– With ac linksWith ac links

G

B

A

D

C

2700 MW1625 MW

2775 MW

G1550 MW

G1550 MW

1150 MW

150 MW

150 MW

G850 MW G850 MW

Case 2 Case 2 –– With With dcdclinkslinks

Selected bus voltages with ac ties (a) and dc links (b) in place. Voltages are not from the same buses in the two cases.

0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

Volta

ges

(%)

Time (s)

Volta

ges

(%)

Time (s)

Volta

ges

(%)

Time (s)0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

(a)

(b)

Technical Assessment of Grid Shock Absorber Proof of ConceptProduct ID # 1014494


Bidirectional HVDC Valve and Tripole Concepts

Objectives • Enabling power reverse on a DC

transmission, without reversing Voltage Polarities at the transmission ends

• Tapping of existing HVDC lines• AC to DC line conversion• Providing a means for more reliable,

less costly applications of Cross Link Polyethylene (XLPE) cable for submarine & underground

Pole 3

Pole 1

Pole 2

A B

_

+

+/_


Conversion of an AC Line into a Tripole DC Line

Pole 1

Pole 2

Pole 3

+

+

i 1

i 2

i 3

i ground = 0

-

• Higher $$/MW cost. Usually offset by increased transmission capacity

• About 40% more capacity compared to a bipole using the same 3-conductor system

• High redundancy: Loss of a converter or pole position drops just 16% of power at peak load


2007 Planned Activity - Tools for Assessing Conversion of AC Power Transmission Lines to Tripole DC Transmission

Phase I Objective - Feasibility Assessment Tools- An assessment of alternative dc configurations and system benefits.- Procedures, technical background and software references sufficient to

assess conversion of specific ac transmission structures to dc- Guidance in the logistics of AC to DC conversion

Phase II - Applications Studies - Assessment of ac to dc adaptation of existing transmission structures,

including maximum dc voltage- System load flow and dynamic solutions, including modeling of detailed dc

characteristics associated with various dc options - Cost/benefit analysis associated with conversion alternatives including

comparison with ac flow enhancement measures

Phase III - AC to DC Conversion Assessment Software - Software tool for AC/Tripole DC Transmission Conversion

HVDC500 kV 6000 MW

HVAC500 kV6000 MW


Challenges (Cost of Converter-based Transmission Controllers!)

Converter-Based

Thyristor-Based

$ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $

Higher CostBetter PerformanceVersatile Functionality

Lower CostLimited PerformanceSingle Functionality

Cost Breakdown

(25%)

2050


ETO- Technical Characteristics

• 5000A Snubber-less Turn-off 5000A Snubber-less Turn-off CapabilityCapability

• Low Switching losses & Low Switching losses & Conduction lossesConduction losses

• Low Cost Device and CircuitLow Cost Device and Circuit

• Easy for Series and Parallel Easy for Series and Parallel Operation Operation

• Low Gate Drive PowerLow Gate Drive Power

• Built-in Over-Current Built-in Over-Current Protection and Current SensorProtection and Current Sensor

• Easy for Mass-ProductionEasy for Mass-Production

G

A

K


Field Demonstration of ETO-Based STATCOM

• 5-10 MVA ETO-Based STATCOM for Condon Windfarm

– Currently funded by BPA, TVA and TriState G&T

Current Objectives • Field demonstration of ETO-

based STATCOM, technically and economically, in mitigating voltage fluctuation due to a wind-driven induction generator

Big Eddy 115 kV

Klondike (wind)

De Moss 69 kV

Klondike (wind)

Rose bush (customer)

Condon Wind

Condon (customer)

Gordon Hollow (customer)

34 mi.

STATCOM

18 mi.

Fossil 69 kV

Maupin 115 kV

Maupin 69 kV

Bakeoven(customer)

Muddy Ranch(customer)

Antelope(customer)

24mi.

15 mi. 21 mi. 7 mi.

BPA Network-

Proposed Condon WindSTATCOM Project

70.4

70.6

70.8

71.0

71.2

71.4

71.6

71.8

72.0

72.2

72.4

72.6

72.8

5-M

ay-2

005

00:0

0

5-M

ay-2

005

06:0

0

5-M

ay-2

005

12:0

0

5-M

ay-2

005

18:0

0

6-M

ay-2

005

00:0

0

6-M

ay-2

005

06:0

0

6-M

ay-2

005

12:0

0

6-M

ay-2

005

18:0

0

7-M

ay-2

005

00:0

0

7-M

ay-2

005

06:0

0

7-M

ay-2

005

12:0

0

7-M

ay-2

005

18:0

0

8-M

ay-2

005

00:0

0

KV

69KV (69 kV) @CONDWIND: KV (62290), Date 5/5/2005-5/7/2005

Time


FACTS Technology- Information and Knowledge Sharing

• Annual meeting, 9th FACTS Users Group meeting

• Reference Book, EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controllers Reference Book (“The Gold Book”)

• EPRIFACTS.Com


9th FACTS Users Group Meeting

Annual meeting

• Session A: Hydro Quebec’s Variable Frequency Transformer (VFT)

• Session B: FACTS Controllers, Applications and Operating Experience

• Session C: Power Electronics-Based Controllers, New Project Opportunities

• Session D: Power Electronics-Based Controllers, Technology Development

• Session E: Manufacturers Panel session


EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controllers Reference Book

The objectives of this book are to:

• provide the utility members with historical perspectives

• basic design considerations

• factory testing, site installations, commissioning

• operating performance, operation and maintenance, and

• future trends


(“The Gold Book”)

2006 Progress Report

1012414



Written Chapters (five)• Alternating Current (AC)

Transmission Systems

• Power Semiconductors and Valves

• Generalized AC Transmission Controllers:

Unified Power Flow Controller and Interline Power Flow Controller

• Voltage Sourced Converter-Based DC Transmission

• AC to Tripole DC Transmission Conversion

Ten more Chapters to be written


(“The Gold Book”)

2006 Progress Report

1012414


THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Questions?

Together…..Shaping the Future of Electricity

Documents

Year 2006 Report “Better” Managed and Controlled Transmission Grids using Advanced Technological Concepts Aty Edris EPRI Power Delivery & Markets [email protected]