-
: : .
( ) ::
2008
-
1.
-
1.
1.
. . http://www.waterinfo.gr/index0.html . , 70% 86% (, 2004).
11..
\\
( .. , , , ) . 1. . (, 2005)
-
(, 2005) HMmeanq (, 2005).
-
1. . . . : :
tPP 0n +=
,tP =
= . t = 0 P0 To t = 1 P0 + To t = 2 P0 + 2 To t = n P0 + n ,
.
:12
12
ttPP
= =,
0tPP 0t
=
t0n )1(PP += ,
:
,tPP
= : t = 0 P0 To t = 1 P0 + P0 = P0(1+) To t = 2 P0(1+)+ (P0(1+))
= P0(1+)(1+)= P0(1+)2 To t = n P0(1+)n , .
-
t = 0 P0
( ) )1ln(PlnPlnnl)1ln(n)
PPln(
)1(PP)1(PP
0n0
n
n
0
nn0n
+=+=
+=+=
( ) =
1PlnPln
nlexp 0n
:
( ) =
1PlnPln)tt(
lexp 1212
.
tcot ePP
= ,
cPdtdP = . , . t = 0 P0
= dtcP
dP
[ ] [ ]c
ttPlnPln
tcPln
12
12
tttt 1212
=
=
A t1 = 0 , P = P0 ( ) :
=
ct1
PP
ln0
t
=
=
c
0
t
ct1
PP
ln
et1
PP
ee 0t
ctot ePP =
( )
-
. . 2 . (, 2000).
( ) Ltosatsatt ePPPP = , .
)PP(LdtdP
tsat = Psat o L t = 0 P0. . . L :
= )PP(LdtdP
tsat
= )PP()PP(ln
)tt(1L
2sat
1sat
12
= [T-1].
. L .
{ }btexpa1PP satt +=
1 2 3
-
:
(1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) .
. : : (0, P0), (t1, P1), (t2, P2), 2 t1 = t2 :
2120
202
1210sat
PPP)PP(PPPP2P
+= ,
0
0sat
PPP
a=
=
)PP()PP(
PP
ln)t(
1b0sat
1sat
1
0
1
(Gupta, 1989)
:
0,tPP 0n += . 1.. , , , . . . :
nn110 XA...XAAQ +++= :
nn110 XlnA...XlnAAQln +++= (, 2005) : - , - ,
-
- (.. ) - (.. ..) (, 2007) . . (, 2004). ( ) , :
tHMHM PmeanqmeanQ = . HMmeanq , . 1.. P: == (( QQ))//((
PP))==
PE =dPdQ
QP
PP
QQ
=
. 1.. . .
21H
2H
1H
H
meanQQmax
QmaxQmax
meanQQmax
=
=
=
Q(m3 / t ())
P(/m3)
-
[ ]
[ ][ ]6,3
3,2.13,2.1
21
2
1
(, 2004)
. , . 2 , . , 2 .
(, 2004)
-
(, 1981)
-
:
(.. 30 40 )
(, 2004).
HMmeanq : tHMHM PmeanqmeanQ = . .
.
.
HMmeanq ( ) (.. ( t)0(meanq)t(meanq HMHM += ).
. :
1. ( ) . 2.
(, 2005), (, 2007). .
3. , - (..
, ) (.. ) .
-
10000 . :
tcot ePP
= c > 0 20 : ) ec . ) 10, 30 40 . ) Pt. 1 ) 20 , t = 20
20000P 100002PP2P 2020o20 === . c :
===== 2e1000020000e
PP
eePPePP 20c20co
2020c20co20
tcot
2ln201c)2ln()eln( 20
1c == Pt :
tot 20
2lnePP =
:
ct1
PPln
0
t =
) 10, 30 40 Pt . :
t = 10 : 14142Pe10000PePP 102010
1020t
102ln2ln
o === t = 30 : 28284Pe10000PePP 3020
30
3020t
302ln2ln
o === t = 40 : 40000Pe10000PePP 4020
40
4020t
402ln2ln
o === ) Pt : 1: Pt
t 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Pt 11892 14142 16818 20000 23784 28284
33636 40000
-
1 :
Pt
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
, t ( )
, Pt (
)
1: Pt : : 10000 ( ), 10, 20, 30 40 , 20
-
2.
-
, .
.
:
.
.
,
Qmax ,
Qmax . (
) (
)
,
.
.
.
.
, .
, 60
m, 10 Atm.
.
, 70 m (
10 atm) .
-
, 60 m.
. ,
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
-
2. . :
. , .
.
-
2.A. A 2.1. . . ,, ::
n
H Q 9.81N M= , ((KKWW)),, QQ ((mm33//ss)),, HH.. ((mm)),,
nn
1155%% 2200%% .. :
()24Q. ..Qmax H =
Bernoulli :
ABA
fBA
fBM
BAf
BAfBMA
HhhHH
hhHHH
++=
++=+
:
AH
BH BA
fh
BA
fh
:
)..(zHH)..(zH
zH
BB
AA
+=+=
=
:
+++=BA
fBA
fM hh)..(zH
-
, ( ) , ( ) . . . . , ( ). . .
L
.
+ A..
...
-
2.2. . . TT ::
(( ))
.. . 2.3. : , ( ) , . : , . . . ( ) ( ) ( , , ) . .
-
70 m . o 2 70 m. Y 2 :
1. 2.
70 m, . .
( )< =70 m
.
. > 70 m i< 70 m
i< 70 m
.i< 70 m
i< 70 m
> 70 m 1
2
1
2
-
2.4. ,, .. :: .. iijj DDmm ::
5.1D
Q45.0 2
m
ij iijj kk DDmm.. mm iijj XXiijj,, mm (( )) ::
+
=
k
1m gggm,ijm,ij XPCPXcMin
ij
k
1mm,ij LX =
=
MAX,HpHHS,fg
gSMIN,Hp hh zhXPH + XXiijj,, mm>>== 00 XXPPgg>>== 00
,, ((.... )) ..
-
2.5. .
1 .
1. , 2.
, . .
-
2: D . D1 D ( ) D2 .
2f QRh = , 52Dg
Lf8R = ,
2
1
f
DDDD
hD
>
