Yaw (Tropical Syphilis)

7/31/2019 Yaw (Tropical Syphilis)

1/16

YAWSNurul Nadia Mohammed Saffari

Group 40 A2012


2/16

Definition

A common chronic infectious disease thatoccurs mainly in the warm humid regions of the tropics with characteristic bumps on theskin of the face, hands, feet and genital

The disease has many names (for example,pian, parangi, paru, frambesia tropica).


3/16

Cause

The disease is caused bythe bacterium calledTreponema pertenue, a

Gram-negativeSpirochete closelyrelated to Treponemapallidum which causes

syphilis.


4/16

Way of infection

Yaws is transmitted by direct skin contact andprimarily affects children younger than 15years, with a peak incidence in those aged 6-10 years.

Similar to syphilis, yaws can persist for years asa chronic, relapsing disease


5/16

Clinical picture The disease most often starts as a single lesion that

becomes slightly elevated, develops a crust that isshed, leaving a base that resembles the texture of araspberry or strawberry.

This primary lesion is termed the mother yaw (alsotermed buba, buba madre, or primary frambesioma).

Secondary lesions, termed daughter yaws, develop inabout six to 16 weeks after the primary lesion. Almostall cases of yaws begin in children under 15 years of age, with the peak incidence in 6-10-year-old children.The incidence is about the same in males and females.


6/16

Stage Primary stage, in which the initial yaws lesion develops

at the inoculation site Secondary stage, in which widespread dissemination of

treponemes results in multiple skin lesions that are

similar to the primary yaws lesion Latent stage, in which symptoms are usually absent but

skin lesions can relapse Tertiary stage, in which bone, joint, and soft tissue

deformities may occur Cutaneous lesions characterize the primary andsecondary stages of yaws. The tertiary stage of yawsmay involve the skin, bones, and joints.


7/16

Initial papilloma, also called mother yaw orprimary frambesioma


8/16

Another classification distinguishes early yawsfrom late yaws.

Early yaws includes the primary andsecondary stages and is characterized by thepresence of contagious skin lesions.

Late yaws includes the tertiary stage, whenlesions are not contagious.


9/16

Early yaws ulcero-papillomatous lesions

on hands and legs


10/16

Late yaws on face causing facialdisfiguration


11/16

Differential diagnosis

Atopic Dermatitis Cutaneous Tuberculosis Impetigo Leishmaniasis Leprosy Molluscum

Contagiosum Psoriasis, Plaque

Rhinoscleroma Sarcoidosis Scabies South American

Blastomycosis Syphilis Tungiasis Warts, Nongenital


12/16


13/16

No serologic test can distinguish yaws fromother nonvenereal treponematoses;therefore, diagnosis is ultimately based oncorrelation of the clinical findings,epidemiologic history, and positive serologicresults that are suggestive of yaws. Biopsy of

late lesions may be needed to showcharacteristic histopathology.


14/16

Treatment

Penicillin is the drug of choice for yaws. After asingle penicillin injection, early lesionsbecome noninfectious after 24 hours and healwithin 1-2 weeks.

Tetracycline, erythromycin, or doxycyclineshould be considered for patients allergic topenicillin


15/16

Ulcers in patients withprimary-stage orsecondary-stage yawswho were re-examined 2

weeks after treatment(A,B) Red, moist, bedded, 5cm ulcer on the left leg of a 9-year-old patient withprimary yaws.

(C, D) Partiallyepithelialised tumour 2weeks after treatmentwith azithromycin.


16/16

Thank you

Documents

Yaw (Tropical Syphilis)