Yap vs DENR

8/16/2019 Yap vs DENR

1/33

Republic of the Philippines

Supreme CourtManila

EN BANC

THE SECRETARY OF THE G.R. No. 167707

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

AND NATURAL RESOURCES, THE

REGIONAL EXECUTIVE Present:

DIRECTOR, DENR-REGION VI,REGIONAL TECHNICAL PUNO, C.J.,

DIRECTOR FOR LANDS, QUISUMBING,

LANDS MANAGEMENT BUREAU, YNARES-SANTIAGO,

REGION VI PROVINCIAL CARPIO,

ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,

RESOURCES OFFICER OF KALIBO, CORONA,*

AKLAN, REGISTER OF DEEDS, CARPIO MORALES,

DIRECTOR OF LAND AZCUNA,

REGISTRATION AUTHORITY, TINGA,DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM CHICO-NAZARIO,

SECRETARY, DIRECTOR OF VELASCO, JR,

PHILIPPINE TOURISM NACHURA,**

AUTHORITY, REYES,

Pet!t!"ners, LEONAR#O-#E CASTRO, $n%

BRION, JJ

- versus -

MAYOR OSE S. YAP, LIBERTADTALAPIAN, MILA Y. SUMNDAD, !"#

ANICETO YAP, $" %&'$( )'&!*+ !"# Pr"&'()$te%:

$" )'&!*+ o+ !** %&o' $$*!(* $%/!%'#,

Res"n%ents O+t"er , .//

0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn1


2/33

DR. ORLANDO SACAY !"# G.R. No. 1777

2ILFREDO GELITO, 3o$"'# )

THE LANDO2NERS OF

BORACAY SIMILARLY

SITUATED NAMED IN A LIST,

ANNEX A OF THIS PETITION,

Pet!t!"ners,

- versus -

THE SECRETARY OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

AND NATURAL RESOURCES, THEREGIONAL TECHNICAL

DIRECTOR FOR LANDS, LANDS

MANAGEMENT BUREAU,

REGION VI, PROVINCIAL

ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL

RESOURCES OFFICER, KALIBO,

AKLAN,

Res"n%ents

0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0

D E C I S I O N

REYES, R.T., J .4

AT st$1e !n t2ese +"ns"(!%$te% +$ses !s t2e r!)2t "3 t2e resent "++'$nts

"3 B"r$+$4 Is($n% t" se+'re t!t(es "5er t2e!r "++'!e% ($n%s

T2ere $re t6" +"ns"(!%$te% et!t!"ns T2e 3!rst !s GR N" 7899/9, $ et!t!"n

3"r re5!e6 "n certiorari "3 t2e #e+!s!"n7; "3 t2e C"'rt "3 Ae$(s


3/33

79?99@, $ et!t!"n 3"r r"2!!t!"n, &$n%$&'s, $n% n'((!3!+$t!"n "3 Pr"+($&$t!"n

N" 7/8?; !ss'e% 4 Pres!%ent G("r!$ M$+$$)$(-Arr"4" +($ss!34!n) B"r$+$4 !nt"

reser5e% 3"rest $n% $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%

T&' A"%'5'#'"%

G.R. No. 167707

B"r$+$4 Is($n% !n t2e M'n!+!$(!t4 "3 M$($4, A1($n, 6!t2 !ts "6%er4 62!te

s$n% e$+2es $n% 6$r& +r4st$((!ne 6$ters, !s re'te%(4 $ re&!er P2!(!!ne t"'r!st

%est!n$t!"n T2e !s($n% !s $(s" 2"&e t" 7.,//? !n2$!t$nts; 62" (!5e !n t2e "ne-

s2$e% !s($n%s t2ree barangays@;

On Ar!( 7, 798, t2e #e$rt&ent "3 En5!r"n&ent $n% N$t'r$(

Res"'r+es $(!", A1($n

In t2e!r et!t!"n, res"n%ents-+($!&$nts $((e)e% t2$t Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/7

$n% PTA C!r+'($r N" ?-. r$!se% %"'ts "n t2e!r r!)2t t" se+'re t!t(es "5er t2e!r

"++'!e% ($n%s T2e4 %e+($re% t2$t t2e4 t2e&se(5es, "r t2r"')2 t2e!r re%e+ess"rs-

!n-!nterest, 2$% een !n "en, +"nt!n'"'s, e0+('s!5e, $n% n"t"r!"'s "ssess!"n $n%

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4/33

"++'$t!"n !n B"r$+$4 s!n+e J'ne 7., 7@, "r e$r(!er s!n+e t!&e !&&e&"r!$( T2e4

%e+($re% t2e!r ($n%s 3"r t$0 'r"ses $n% $!% re$(t4 t$0es "n t2e&7/;

Res"n%ents-+($!&$nts "s!te% t2$t Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/7 $n% !ts

!&(e&ent!n) C!r+'($r %!% n"t ($+e B"r$+$4 e4"n% t2e +"&&er+e "3 &$n S!n+et2e Is($n% 6$s +($ss!3!e% $s $ t"'r!st "ne, !t 6$s s's+et!(e "3 r!5$te

"6ners2! Un%er Se+t!"n


5/33

T2e RTC t""1 D'%!+!$( n"t!+e7; t2$t +ert$!n $r+e(s "3 ($n%

!n B"r$+$4 Is($n%, &"re $rt!+'($r(4 L"ts 7 $n% ?/, P($n PSU-@?, 6ere +"5ere%

4 Or!)!n$( Cert!3!+$te "3 T!t(e N" 7@/.


6/33

HEREORE, !n 5!e6 "3 t2e 3"re)"!n) re&!ses, D'%)&ent !s 2ere4

ren%ere% 4 's #ENYING t2e $e$( 3!(e% !n t2!s +$se $n% AIRMING t2e

%e+!s!"n "3 t2e ("6er +"'rt.;

T2e CA 2e(% t2$t res"n%ents-+($!&$nts +"'(% n"t e reD'%!+e% 4 $

%e+($r$t!"n t2$t t2e ($n%s t2e4 "++'!e% s!n+e t!&e !&&e&"r!$( 6ere $rt "3 $

3"rest reser5e

A)$!n, t2e OSG s"')2t re+"ns!%er$t!"n 't !t 6$s s!&!($r(4 %en!e%.@; Hen+e, t2e resent et!t!"n 'n%er R'(e @

G.R. No. 1777

On M$4 .., .//8, %'r!n) t2e en%en+4 "3 GR N" 7899/9, Pres!%ent G("r!$

M$+$$)$(-Arr"4" !ss'e% Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/8.8; +($ss!34!n) B"r$+$4 Is($n%

!nt" 3"'r 2'n%re%


7/33

7/. $n% A+t N" .8, 1n"6n $s t2e 3!rst P'(!+ L$n% A+t?.; T2's, t2e!r

"ssess!"n !n t2e +"n+et "3 "6ner 3"r t2e re'!re% er!"% ent!t(e% t2e& t" D'%!+!$(

+"n3!r&$t!"n "3 !&er3e+t t!t(e

O"s!n) t2e et!t!"n, t2e OSG $r)'e% t2$t et!t!"ners-+($!&$nts %" n"t2$5e $ 5este% r!)2t "5er t2e!r "++'!e% "rt!"ns !n t2e !s($n% B"r$+$4 !s $n

'n+($ss!3!e% '(!+ 3"rest ($n% 'rs'$nt t" Se+t!"n ?


8/33

AGRICULTURAL LAN#S AS #EINE# BY LAS THEN ON JU#ICIAL

CONIRMATION O IMPERECT TITLES OR PUBLIC OREST AS

#EINE# BY SEC ?$, P# 9/@

II

HAVE PETITIONERS OCCUPANTS ACQUIRE# PRIOR VESTE# RIGHT OPRIVATE ONERSHIP OVER THEIR OCCUPIE# PORTIONS

O BORACAY LAN#, #ESPITE THE ACT THAT THEY HAVE NOT

APPLIE# YET OR JU#ICIAL CONIRMATION O IMPERECT TITLE

III

IS THE EKECUTIVE #ECLARATION O THEIR AREAS AS

ALIENABLE AN# #ISPOSABLE UN#ER SEC 8, CA 77 AN;IN#ISPENSABLE PRE-REQUISITE OR PETITIONERS TO OBTAIN

TITLE UN#ER THE TORRENS SYSTEM

IVIS THE ISSUANCE O PROCLAMATION 7/8 ON MAY .., .//8,

VIOLATIVE O THE PRIOR VESTE# RIGHTS TO PRIVATE ONERSHIPO PETITIONERS OVER THEIR LAN#S IN BORACAY, PROTECTE# BY

THE #UE PROCESS CLAUSE O THE CONSTITUTION OR IS

PROCLAMATION 7/8 CONTRARY TO SEC , CA 77, OR SEC


9/33

Pr!5$te +($!&$nts re(4 "n t2ree


10/33

"st$+(es !n t2e 6$4 "3 t2e!r e0er+!se "3 62$t "t2er6!se 6"'(% e "r%!n$r4 $+ts "3

"6ners2!;

O'r resent ($n% ($6 tr$+es !ts r""ts t" t2e Re)$(!$n #"+tr!ne U"n t2e

S$n!s2 +"n'est "3 t2e P2!(!!nes, "6ners2! "3 $(( ($n%s, terr!t"r!es $n% "ssess!"ns !n t2e P2!(!!nes $sse% t" t2e S$n!s2 Cr"6n@/; T2e Re)$(!$n

%"+tr!ne 6$s 3!rst !ntr"%'+e% !n t2e P2!(!!nes t2r"')2 t2e Laws of the Indies and

the Royal Cedulas, 62!+2 ($!% t2e 3"'n%$t!"n t2$t $(( ($n%s t2$t 6ere n"t $+'!re%

3r"& t2e G"5ern&ent, e!t2er 4 'r+2$se "r 4 )r$nt, e("n) t" t2e '(!+ %"&$!n@7;

T2e Laws of the Indies 6$s 3"(("6e% 4 t2e Ley Hipotecaria "r

t2e Mortgage Law of 1!" T2e S$n!s2 M"rt)$)e L$6 r"5!%e% 3"r t2es4ste&$t!+ re)!str$t!"n "3 t!t(es $n% %ee%s $s 6e(( $s "ssess"r4 +($!&s@.;

T2e R"4$( #e+ree "3 7 "r t2e M$'r$ L$6@?; $rt(4 $&en%e% t2e S$n!s2

M"rt)$)e L$6 $n% t2e Laws of the Indies It est$(!s2e% "ssess"r4 !n3"r&$t!"n $s

t2e &et2"% "3 (e)$(!!n) "ssess!"n "3 5$+$nt Cr"6n ($n%, 'n%er +ert$!n +"n%!t!"ns

62!+2 6ere set 3"rt2 !n s$!% %e+ree @; Un%er Se+t!"n ?? "3 t2e M$'r$ L$6,

$n infor#acion posesoria "r "ssess"r4 !n3"r&$t!"n t!t(e,@@; 62en %'(4 !ns+r!e% !n

t2e Re)!str4 "3 Pr"ert4, !s +"n5erte% !nt" $ t!t(e "3 "6ners2! "n(4 $3ter t2e ($se

"3 t6ent4


11/33

($n%s87; T2e $+t r"5!%e% 3"r, $&"n) "t2ers, t2e %!s"s$( "3 &!ner$( ($n%s 4

&e$ns "3 $s"('te )r$nt


12/33

'(!+ %"&$!n "t2er t2$n t!&er $n% &!ner$( ($n%s,9/; $n% r!5$te(4 "6ne% ($n%s

62!+2 re5erte% t" t2e St$te97;

Se+t!"n


13/33

$(!en$(e "r %!s"s$(e; T2ere &'st st!(( e $ "s!t!5e $+t %e+($r!n) ($n% "3 t2e

'(!+ %"&$!n $s $(!en$(e $n% %!s"s$(e T" r"5e t2$t t2e ($n% s'De+t "3 $n

$(!+$t!"n 3"r re)!str$t!"n !s $(!en$(e, t2e $(!+$nt &'st est$(!s2 t2e e0!sten+e

"3 $ "s!t!5e $+t "3 t2e )"5ern&ent s'+2 $s $ res!%ent!$( r"+($&$t!"n "r $n

e0e+'t!5e "r%erF $n $%&!n!str$t!5e $+t!"nF !n5est!)$t!"n re"rts "3 B're$' "3 L$n%s!n5est!)$t"rsF $n% $ (e)!s($t!5e $+t "r $ st$t'te@; T2e $(!+$nt &$4 $(s" se+'re $

+ert!3!+$t!"n 3r"& t2e )"5ern&ent t2$t t2e ($n% +($!&e% t" 2$5e een "ssesse% 3"r

t2e re'!re% n'&er "3 4e$rs !s $(!en$(e $n% %!s"s$(e8;

In t2e +$se $t $r, n" s'+2 r"+($&$t!"n, e0e+'t!5e "r%er, $%&!n!str$t!5e

$+t!"n, re"rt, st$t'te, "r +ert!3!+$t!"n 6$s resente% t" t2e C"'rt T2e re+"r%s $re

ere3t "3 e5!%en+e s2"6!n) t2$t, r!"r t" .//8, t2e "rt!"ns "3 B"r$+$4 "++'!e% 4

r!5$te +($!&$nts 6ere s'De+t "3 $ )"5ern&ent r"+($&$t!"n t2$t t2e ($n% !s$(!en$(e $n% %!s"s$(e Asent s'+2 6e((-n!)2 !n+"ntr"5ert!(e e5!%en+e, t2e

C"'rt +$nn"t $++et t2e s'&!ss!"n t2$t ($n%s "++'!e% 4 r!5$te +($!&$nts 6ere

$(re$%4 "en t" %!s"s!t!"n e3"re .//8 M$tters "3 ($n% +($ss!3!+$t!"n "r

re+($ss!3!+$t!"n +$nn"t e $ss'&e% T2e4 +$(( 3"r r""39;

Ankron and De Aldecoa did not make the whole of Boracay Island or

portions of it agricultural lands Pr!5$te +($!&$nts "s!t t2$t B"r$+$4 6$s $(re$%4

$n $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n% 'rs'$nt t" t2e "(% +$ses %n&ron v. $overn#ent of the

'hilippineIslands (1!1!); $n% *e %ldecoa v. +he Insular $overn#ent (1!,!); T2ese +$ses 6ere %e+!%e% 'n%er t2e r"5!s!"ns "3 t2e P2!(!!ne B!(( "3 7/.

$n% A+t N" .8 T2ere !s $ st$te&ent !n t2ese "(% +$ses t2$t !n t2e $sen+e "3

e5!%en+e t" t2e +"ntr$r4, t2$t !n e$+2 +$se t2e ($n%s $re $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%s 'nt!( t2e

+"ntr$r4 !s s2"6n/;

Pr!5$te +($!&$nts re(!$n+e "n %n&ron $n% *e %ldecoa !s &!s($+e% T2ese

+$ses %!% n"t 2$5e t2e e33e+t "3 +"n5ert!n) t2e 62"(e "3 B"r$+$4 Is($n% "r "rt!"ns

"3 !t !nt" $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%s It s2"'(% e stresse% t2$t t2e P2!(!!ne B!(( "3 7/.$n% A+t N" .8 &ere(4 r"5!%e% t2e &$nner t2r"')2 62!+2 ($n% re)!str$t!"n

+"'rts 6"'(% +($ss!34 ($n%s "3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n 2et2er t2e ($n% 6"'(% e

+($ss!3!e% $s t!&er, &!ner$(, "r $)r!+'(t'r$( %een%e% "n r""3 resente% !n e$+2

+$se

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14/33

%n&ron $n% *e %ldecoa 6ere %e+!%e% $t $ t!&e 62en t2e Pres!%ent "3 t2e

P2!(!!nes 2$% n" "6er t" +($ss!34 ($n%s "3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n !nt" &!ner$(,

t!&er, $n% $)r!+'(t'r$( At t2$t t!&e, t2e +"'rts 6ere 3ree t" &$1e +"rres"n%!n)

+($ss!3!+$t!"ns !n D'st!+!$(e +$ses, "r 6ere 5este% 6!t2 !&(!+!t "6er t" %" s",

%een%!n) '"n t2e re"n%er$n+e "3 t2e e5!%en+e7; T2!s 6$s t2e C"'rts r'(!n)!n Heirs of the Late pouses 'edro . 'alanca and oterranea Rafols da. *e

'alanca v. Republic,.; !n 62!+2 !t st$te%, t2r"')2 J'st!+e A%"(3" A+'n$, vi/.:

0 0 0 Pet!t!"ners 3'rt2er&"re !ns!st t2$t $ $rt!+'($r ($n% nee% n"t e

3"r&$((4 re(e$se% 4 $n $+t "3 t2e E0e+'t!5e e3"re !t +$n e %ee&e% "en t"

r!5$te "6ners2!, +!t!n) t2e +$ses "3 Ra#os v. *irector of Lands $n% %n&ron v.$overn#ent of the 'hilippine Islands.

0 0 0 0

Pet!t!"ners re(!$n+e '"n Ra#os v. *irector of Lands $n% %n&ron v.

$overn#ent !s &!s($+e% T2ese +$ses 6ere %e+!%e% 'n%er t2e P2!(!!ne B!(( "3

7/. $n% t2e 3!rst P'(!+ L$n% A+t N" .8 en$+te% 4 t2e P2!(!!ne C"&&!ss!"n"n O+t"er 9, 7.8, 'n%er 62!+2 t2ere 6$s n" (e)$( r"5!s!"n 5est!n) !n t2e C2!e3

E0e+'t!5e "r Pres!%ent "3 t2e P2!(!!nes t2e "6er t" +($ss!34 ($n%s "3 t2e '(!+

%"&$!n !nt" &!ner$(, t!&er $n% $)r!+'(t'r$( s" t2$t t2e +"'rts t2en 6ere 3ree t"&$1e +"rres"n%!n) +($ss!3!+$t!"ns !n D'st!+!$(e +$ses, "r 6ere 5este% 6!t2

!&(!+!t "6er t" %" s", %een%!n) '"n t2e re"n%er$n+e "3 t2e e5!%en+e?;

T" $!% t2e +"'rts !n res"(5!n) ($n% re)!str$t!"n +$ses 'n%er A+t N" .8, !t6$s t2en ne+ess$r4 t" %e5!se $ res'&t!"n "n ($n% +($ss!3!+$t!"n T2's e5"(5e%

t2e %!+t'& !n %n&ron t2$t t2e +"'rts 2$5e $ r!)2t t" res'&e, !n t2e $sen+e "3

e5!%en+e t" t2e +"ntr$r4, t2$t !n e$+2 +$se t2e ($n%s $re $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%s 'nt!( t2e

+"ntr$r4 !s s2"6n;

B't e +$nn"t 'n%'(4 e0$n% t2e res'&t!"n !n %n&ron $n% *e %ldecoa t"

$n $r)'&ent t2$t $(( ($n%s "3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n 2$% een $'t"&$t!+$((4 re+($ss!3!e%$s %!s"s$(e $n% $(!en$(e $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%s B4 n" stret+2 "3 !&$)!n$t!"n %!% t2e

res'&t!"n +"n5ert $(( ($n%s "3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n !nt" $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%s

I3 e $++et t2e "s!t!"n "3 r!5$te +($!&$nts, t2e P2!(!!ne B!(( "3 7/.

$n% A+t N" .8 6"'(% 2$5e $'t"&$t!+$((4 &$%e $(( ($n%s !n t2e P2!(!!nes,

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15/33

e0+et t2"se $(re$%4 +($ss!3!e% $s t!&er "r &!ner$( ($n%, $(!en$(e $n% %!s"s$(e

($n%s T2$t 6"'(% t$1e t2ese ($n%s "'t "3 St$te "6ners2! $n% 6"rse, 6"'(% e

'tter(4 !n+"ns!stent 6!t2 $n% t"t$((4 re')n$nt t" t2e ("n)-entren+2e% Re)$(!$n

%"+tr!ne

T2e res'&t!"n !n %n&ron $n% *e %ldecoa $tt$+2es "n(4 t" ($n%

re)!str$t!"n +$ses r"')2t 'n%er t2e r"5!s!"ns "3 A+t N" .8, "r &"re se+!3!+$((4

t2"se +$ses %e$(!n) 6!t2 D'%!+!$( $n% $%&!n!str$t!5e +"n3!r&$t!"n "3 !&er3e+t

t!t(es T2e res'&t!"n $(!es t" $n $(!+$nt 3"r D'%!+!$( "r $%&!n!str$t!5e

+"n3"r&$t!"n "3 !&er3e+t t!t(e 'n%er A+t N" .8 It +ert$!n(4 +$nn"t $(4 t"

($n%"6ners, s'+2 $s r!5$te +($!&$nts "r t2e!r re%e+ess"rs-!n-!nterest, 62" 3$!(e%

t" $5$!( t2e&se(5es "3 t2e ene3!ts "3 A+t N" .8 As t" t2e&, t2e!r ($n% re&$!ne%

'n+($ss!3!e% $n%, 4 5!rt'e "3 t2e Re)$(!$n %"+tr!ne, +"nt!n'e% t" e "6ne% 4 t2eSt$te

In $n4 +$se, t2e $ss'&t!"n !n %n&ron $n% *e %ldecoa 6$s n"t

$s"('te L$n% +($ss!3!+$t!"n 6$s, !n t2e en%, %een%ent "n r""3 I3 t2ere 6$s

r""3 t2$t t2e ($n% 6$s etter s'!te% 3"r n"n-$)r!+'(t'r$( 'ses, t2e +"'rts

+"'(% $%D'%)e !t $s $ &!ner$( "r t!&er ($n% %es!te t2e res'&t!"n In %n&ron,

t2!s C"'rt st$te%:

In t2e +$se "3 Jocson vs. *irector of 0orestry


16/33

P2!(!!ne Is($n%s $re $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%s t2$t t2e +"'rts 2$5e $ r!)2t t" res'&e, !n

t2e $sen+e "3 e5!%en+e t" t2e +"ntr$r4, t2$t !n e$+2 +$se t2e ($n%s $re $)r!+'(t'r$(

($n%s 'nt!( t2e +"ntr$r4 !s s2"6n 2&!%'9'( %&' *!"# $"9o*9'# $" ! ;!(%$5/*!(

*!"# ('


17/33

6$s $(re$%4 !n e33e+t 2riven&o +!te% t2e "(% +$ses Mapa v. Insular $overn#ent ,7/7; *e %ldecoa v. +he Insular $overn#ent ,7/.; $n% %n&ron v. $overn#ent of the

'hilippine Islands7/?;

2riven&o, 2"6e5er, !s n"t +"ntr"((!n) 2ere e+$'se !t !n5"(5e% $ t"t$((4%!33erent !ss'e T2e ert!nent !ss'e !n 2riven&o 6$s 62et2er res!%ent!$( ("ts 6ere

!n+('%e% !n t2e )ener$( +($ss!3!+$t!"n "3 $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%sF $n% !3 s", 62et2er $n

$(!en +"'(% $+'!re $ res!%ent!$( ("t T2!s C"'rt r'(e% t2$t $s $n $(!en, >r!5en1"

6$s r"2!!te% 4 t2e 7?@ C"nst!t't!"n7/; 3r"& $+'!r!n) $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%, 62!+2

!n+('%e% res!%ent!$( ("ts Here, t2e !ss'e !s 62et2er 'n+($ss!3!e% ($n%s "3 t2e '(!+

%"&$!n $re $'t"&$t!+$((4 %ee&e% $)r!+'(t'r$(

N"t$(4, t2e %e3!n!t!"n "3 $)r!+'(t'r$( '(!+ ($n%s &ent!"ne%

!n 2riven&o re(!e% "n t2e "(% +$ses %e+!%e% r!"r t" t2e en$+t&ent "3 A+t N" .9,

!n+('%!n) %n&ron $n% *e %ldecoa7/@; As e 2$5e $(re$%4 st$te%, t2"se +$ses

+$nn"t $(4 2ere, s!n+e t2e4 6ere %e+!%e% 62en t2e E0e+'t!5e %!% n"t 2$5e t2e

$'t2"r!t4 t" +($ss!34 ($n%s $s $)r!+'(t'r$(, t!&er, "r &!ner$(

!rivate claimants continued possession under Act "o# $%& does not create

a presumption that the land is alienable Pr!5$te +($!&$nts $(s" +"nten% t2$t t2e!r

+"nt!n'e% "ssess!"n "3 "rt!"ns "3 B"r$+$4 Is($n% 3"r t2e re'!s!te er!"% "3 ten


18/33

+"&(et!"n "3 !&er3e+t t!t(es, $n% 3"r t2e +$n+e(($t!"n "r

+"n3!r&$t!"n "3 S$n!s2 +"n+ess!"ns $n% )r$nts !n t2e Is($n%s In

short the 'ublic Land %ct operated on the assu#ption that title to public lands in the 'hilippine Islands re#ained in the govern#ent5

and that the govern#ents title to public land sprung fro# the

+reaty of 'aris and other subse6uent treaties between pain and the 7nited tates T2e ter& '(!+ ($n% re3erre% t" $(( ($n%s "3 t2e

'(!+ %"&$!n 62"se t!t(e st!(( re&$!ne% !n t2e )"5ern&ent $n% $re

t2r"6n "en t" r!5$te $r"r!$t!"n $n% sett(e&ent, $n% e0+('%e%t2e $tr!&"n!$( r"ert4 "3 t2e )"5ern&ent $n% t2e 3r!$r ($n%s

T2's, $% $ ;*!$" '((o( +o( ;'%$%$o"'( %o !(

#ENR 7/; $n% t2e N$t!"n$( M$!n) $n% Res"'r+e In3"r&$t!"n

A't2"r!t477/; +ert!34 t2$t B"r$+$4 Is($n% !s $n 'n+($ss!3!e% ($n% "3 t2e '(!+

%"&$!n

P# N" 9/@ !ss'e% 4 Pres!%ent M$r+"s +$te)"r!e% $(( 'n+($ss!3!e% ($n%s

"3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n $s '(!+ 3"rest Se+t!"n ?


19/33

Ne5ert2e(ess, t2$t t2e "++'$nts "3 B"r$+$4 2$5e '!(t &'(t!-&!((!"n es"

e$+2 res"rts "n t2e !s($n%F777; t2$t t2e !s($n% 2$s $(re$%4 een str!e% "3 !ts 3"rest

+"5erF "r t2$t t2e !&(e&ent$t!"n "3 Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/8 6!(( %estr"4 t2e

!s($n%s t"'r!s& !n%'str4, %" "o% ne)$te !ts +2$r$+ter $s '(!+ 3"rest

"rests, !n t2e +"nte0t "3 "t2 t2e P'(!+ L$n% A+t $n% t2e

C"nst!t't!"n77.; +($ss!34!n) ($n%s "3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n !nt" agricultural forest or

ti#ber #ineral lands and national par&s, %" n"t ne+ess$r!(4 re3er t" ($r)e tr$+ts "3

6""%e% ($n% "r e0$nses +"5ere% 4 %ense )r"6t2s "3 trees $n% 'n%err's2es77?; T2e %!s+'ss!"n !n Heirs of %#unategui v. *irector of 0orestry77; !s $rt!+'($r(4

!nstr'+t!5e:

A 3"reste% $re$ +($ss!3!e% $s 3"rest ($n% "3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n %"es n"t ("se

s'+2 +($ss!3!+$t!"n s!&(4 e+$'se ("))ers "r sett(ers &$4 2$5e str!e% !t "3 !ts3"rest +"5er P$r+e(s "3 ($n% +($ss!3!e% $s 3"rest ($n% &$4 $+t'$((4 e +"5ere% 6!t2

)r$ss "r ($nte% t" +r"s 4&aingin +'(t!5$t"rs "r "t2er 3$r&ers "rest ($n%s %"

n"t 2$5e t" e "n &"'nt$!ns "r !n "'t "3 t2e 6$4 ($+es S6$&4 $re$s +"5ere% 4 &$n)r"5e trees, n!$ $(&s, $n% "t2er trees )r"6!n) !n r$+1!s2 "r se$ 6$ter

&$4 $(s" e +($ss!3!e% $s 3"rest ($n% T&' 5*!$+$5!%$o" $ #'5($;%$9' o+ $% *'

($n%s "3 t2e '(!+ %"&$!n, t2e r'(es "n +"n3!r&$t!"n "3 !&er3e+t t!t(e %" n"t

$(477@;

($4"'t Hen+e, e5en !3 !ts 3"rest +"5er 2$s een re($+e% 4 e$+2 res"rts,

rest$'r$nts $n% "t2er +"&&er+!$( est$(!s2&ents, !t 2$s n"t een $'t"&$t!+$((4

+"n5erte% 3r"& '(!+ 3"rest t" $(!en$(e $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%

!rivate claimants cannot rely on !roclamation "o# (.)( as basis for

/udicial confirmation of imperfect title# 0he proclamation did not convert

Boracay into an agricultural land H"6e5er, r!5$te +($!&$nts $r)'e t2$t

Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/7 !ss'e% 4 t2en Pres!%ent M$r+"s !n 79 ent!t(es t2e& t"

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn115http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn116http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn117http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn118http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn119http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn120http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn115http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn116http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn117http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn118http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn119http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/167707.htm#_ftn120


20/33

D'%!+!$( +"n3!r&$t!"n "3 !&er3e+t t!t(e T2e Pr"+($&$t!"n +($ss!3!e% B"r$+$4,

$&"n) "t2er !s($n%s, $s $ t"'r!st "ne Pr!5$te +($!&$nts $ssert t2$t, $s $ t"'r!st

s"t, t2e !s($n% !s s's+et!(e "3 r!5$te "6ners2!

Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/7 "r PTA C!r+'($r N" ?-. %!% n"t +"n5ert t2e 62"(e"3 B"r$+$4 !nt" $n $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n% T2ere !s n"t2!n) !n t2e ($6 "r t2e C!r+'($r

62!+2 &$%e B"r$+$4 Is($n% $n $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n% T2e re3eren+e !n C!r+'($r N" ?-

. t" r!5$te ($n%s779; $n% $re$s %e+($re% $s $(!en$(e $n% %!s"s$(e77; %"es n"t

4 !tse(3 +($ss!34 t2e ent!re !s($n% $s $)r!+'(t'r$( N"t$(4, C!r+'($r N" ?-. &$1es

re3eren+e n"t "n(4 t" r!5$te ($n%s $n% $re$s 't $(s" t" '(!+ 3"reste% ($n%s R'(e

VIII, Se+t!"n ? r"5!%es:

N" trees !n 3"reste% r!5$te ($n%s &$4 e +'t 6!t2"'t r!"r $'t2"r!t4 3r"&

t2e PTA A(( 3"reste% $re$s !n ;/)*$5 *!"# !(' #'5*!('# +o('%(''(9'


21/33

$!&e% $t $%&!n!ster!n) t2e !s($n%s 3"r %o/($ !"# '5o*o


22/33

!roclamation "o# ()&* does not violate the 1omprehensive Agrarian

Reform 2aw Pr!5$te +($!&$nts 3'rt2er $ssert t2$t Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/8 5!"($tes

t2e r"5!s!"n "3 t2e C"&re2ens!5e A)r$r!$n Re3"r& L$6 '(' /"5*!$+$'#

*!"# *'!# %o %&' !' ('/*% In t2e $sen+e "3 t2e +($ss!3!+$t!"n $s &!ner$( "r t!&er ($n%, t2e ($n% re&$!ns 'n+($ss!3!e% ($n% 'nt!( re(e$se% $n% ren%ere% "en t"

%!s"s!t!"n7.@;


23/33

M"re"5er, t2e r"2!!t!"n 'n%er t2e CARL $(!es "n(4 t" $ re+($ss!3!+$t!"n

"3 ($n% I3 t2e ($n% 2$% ne5er een re5!"'s(4 +($ss!3!e%, $s !n t2e +$se "3 B"r$+$4,

t2ere +$n e n" r"2!!te% re+($ss!3!+$t!"n 'n%er t2e $)r$r!$n ($6 e $)ree 6!t2

t2e "!n!"n "3 t2e #e$rt&ent "3 J'st!+e7.8; "n t2!s "!nt:

In%ee%, t2e 1e4 6"r% t" t2e +"rre+t $(!+$t!"n "3 t2e r"2!!t!"n !n

Se+t!"n


24/33

res'"ses t2$t t2e ($n% "ssesse% $n% $(!e% 3"r !s $(re$%4 $(!en$(e $n%

%!s"s$(e T2!s !s +(e$r 3r"& t2e 6"r%!n) "3 t2e ($6 !tse(3 7.; 2ere t2e ($n% !s

n"t $(!en$(e $n% %!s"s$(e, "ssess!"n "3 t2e ($n%, n" &$tter 2"6 ("n), +$nn"t

+"n3er "6ners2! "r "ssess"r4 r!)2ts7?/;

Ne!t2er &$4 r!5$te +($!&$nts $(4 3"r D'%!+!$( +"n3!r&$t!"n "3 !&er3e+t

t!t(e 'n%er Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/8, 6!t2 rese+t t" t2"se ($n%s 62!+2 6ere

+($ss!3!e% $s $)r!+'(t'r$( ($n%s Pr!5$te +($!&$nts 3$!(e% t" r"5e t2e 3!rst e(e&ent "3

"en, +"nt!n'"'s, e0+('s!5e, $n% n"t"r!"'s "ssess!"n "3 t2e!r ($n%s !n B"r$+$4

s!n+e J'ne 7., 7@

e +$nn"t s'st$!n t2e CA $n% RTC +"n+('s!"n !n t2e et!t!"n 3"r %e+($r$t"r4

re(!e3 t2$t r!5$te +($!&$nts +"&(!e% 6!t2 t2e re'!s!te er!"% "3 "ssess!"n

T2e t$0 %e+($r$t!"ns !n t2e n$&e "3 r!5$te +($!&$nts $re !ns'33!+!ent t"

r"5e t2e 3!rst e(e&ent "3 "ssess!"n e n"te t2$t t2e e$r(!est "3 t2e t$0

%e+($r$t!"ns !n t2e n$&e "3 r!5$te +($!&$nts 6ere !ss'e% !n 7? Be!n) "3 re+ent

%$tes, t2e t$0 %e+($r$t!"ns $re n"t s'33!+!ent t" +"n5!n+e t2!s C"'rt t2$t t2e er!"%

"3 "ssess!"n $n% "++'$t!"n +"&&en+e% "n J'ne 7., 7@

Pr!5$te +($!&$nts !ns!st t2$t t2e4 2$5e $ 5este% r!)2t !n B"r$+$4, 2$5!n) een

!n "ssess!"n "3 t2e !s($n% 3"r $ ("n) t!&e T2e4 2$5e !n5este% &!((!"ns "3 es"s !n%e5e("!n) t2e !s($n% !nt" $ t"'r!st s"t T2e4 s$4 t2e!r +"nt!n'e% "ssess!"n $n%

!n5est&ents )!5e t2e& $ 5este% r!)2t 62!+2 +$nn"t e 'n!($ter$((4 res+!n%e% 4

Pr"+($&$t!"n N" 7/8

T2e +"nt!n'e% "ssess!"n $n% +"ns!%er$(e !n5est&ent "3 r!5$te +($!&$nts

%" n"t $'t"&$t!+$((4 )!5e t2e& $ 5este% r!)2t !n B"r$+$4 N"r %" t2ese )!5e t2e& $

r!)2t t" $(4 3"r $ t!t(e t" t2e ($n% t2e4 $re resent(4 "++'4!n) T2!s C"'rt !s

+"nst!t't!"n$((4 "'n% t" %e+!%e +$ses $se% "n t2e e5!%en+e resente% $n% t2e($6s $(!+$(e As t2e ($6 $n% D'r!sr'%en+e st$n%, r!5$te +($!&$nts $re

!ne(!)!(e t" $(4 3"r $ D'%!+!$( +"n3!r&$t!"n "3 t!t(e "5er t2e!r "++'!e% "rt!"ns

!n B"r$+$4 e5en 6!t2 t2e!r +"nt!n'e% "ssess!"n $n% +"ns!%er$(e !n5est&ent !n

t2e !s($n%

O"' L!% No%'



25/33

T2e C"'rt !s $6$re t2$t &!((!"ns "3 es"s 2$5e een !n5este% 3"r t2e

%e5e("&ent "3 B"r$+$4 Is($n%, &$1!n) !t $ 4-6"r% !n t2e ("+$( $n% !ntern$t!"n$(

t"'r!s& !n%'str4 T2e C"'rt $(s" n"tes t2$t 3"r $ n'&er "3 4e$rs, t2"'s$n%s "3

e"(e 2$5e +$((e% t2e !s($n% t2e!r 2"&e 2!(e t2e C"'rt +"&&!ser$tes 6!t2 r!5$te +($!&$nts (!)2t, e $re "'n% t" $(4 t2e ($6 str!+t(4 $n%

D'%!+!"'s(4 T2!s !s t2e ($6 $n% !t s2"'(% re5$!( Ito ang batas at ito ang dapat

umiral

A(( !s n"t ("st, 2"6e5er, 3"r r!5$te +($!&$nts 2!(e t2e4 &$4 n"t e

e(!)!(e t" $(4 3"r D'%!+!$( +"n3!r&$t!"n "3 !&er3e+t t!t(e 'n%er Se+t!"n


26/33

T" e s're, 3"rest ($n%s $re 3'n%$&ent$( t" "'r n$t!"ns s'r5!5$( T2e!r

r"&"t!"n $n% r"te+t!"n $re n"t D'st 3$n+4 r2et"r!+ 3"r "(!t!+!$ns $n%

$+t!5!sts T2ese $re nee%s t2$t e+"&e &"re 'r)ent $s %estr'+t!"n "3 "'r

en5!r"n&ent )ets re5$(ent $n% %!33!+'(t t" +"ntr"( As $t(4 "ser5e% 4 J'st!+eC"nr$%" S$n+2e !n 78 !n *irector of 0orestry v. Muno/ :7?;

T2e 5!e6 t2!s C"'rt t$1es "3 t2e +$ses $t $r !s 't !n $%2eren+e t" '(!+

"(!+4 t2$t s2"'(% e 3"(("6e% 6!t2 rese+t t" 3"rest ($n%s M$n4 2$5e 6r!tten

&'+2, $n% &$n4 &"re 2$5e s"1en, $n% '!te "3ten, $"'t t2e ress!n) nee% 3"r

3"rest reser5$t!"n, +"nser5$t!"n, r"te+t!"n, %e5e("&ent $n% re3"rest$t!"n N"t6!t2"'t D'st!3!+$t!"n "r, 3"rests +"nst!t'te $ 5!t$( se)&ent "3 $n4 +"'ntr4s

n$t'r$( res"'r+es It !s "3 +"&&"n 1n"6(e%)e 4 n"6 t2$t $sen+e "3 t2e

ne+ess$r4 )reen +"5er "n "'r ($n%s r"%'+es $ n'&er "3 $%5erse "r !(( e33e+ts "3

ser!"'s r""rt!"ns !t2"'t t2e trees, 6$ters2e%s %r4 'F r!5ers $n% ($1es 62!+2t2e4 s'(4 $re e&t!e% "3 t2e!r +"ntents T2e 3!s2 %!s$e$r #en'%e% $re$s

e+"&e %'st "6(s As 6$ter3$((s +e$se t" 3'n+t!"n, s" 6!(( 24%r"e(e+tr!+ ($nts

!t2 t2e r$!ns, t2e 3ert!(e t"s"!( !s 6$s2e% $6$4F )e"(")!+$( er"s!"n res'(ts !t2er"s!"n +"&e t2e %re$%e% 3(""%s t2$t 6re$1 2$5"+ $n% %estr'+t!"n t" r"ert4

+r"s, (!5est"+1, 2"'ses, $n% 2!)26$4s n"t t" &ent!"n re+!"'s 2'&$n

(!5es In%ee%, t2e 3"re)"!n) "ser5$t!"ns s2"'(% e 6r!tten %"6n !n $ ('&er&$ns%e+$(")'e7?@;

2HEREFORE, D'%)&ent !s ren%ere% $s 3"(("6s:

7 T2e et!t!"n 3"r certiorari !n GR N" 7899/9 !s GRANTED $n% t2e

C"'rt "3 Ae$(s #e+!s!"n !n CA-GR CV N" 9777 REVERSED AND SET

ASIDE

. T2e et!t!"n 3"r certiorari !n GR N" 79?99@ !s DISMISSED 3"r ($+1 "3

&er!t

SO ORDERED

RUBEN T. REYES

Ass"+!$te J'st!+e



27/33

E CONCUR:

REYNATO S. PUNO

C2!e3 J'st!+e

LEONARDO A. UISUMBING CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO

Ass"+!$te J'st!+e Ass"+!$te J'st!+e

ANTONIO T. CARPIO MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINE



28/33


$(!", Br$n+2 @?; Rollo


29/33

; I% $t .-.9 R'(es $n% Re)'($t!"ns G"5ern!n) A+t!5!t!es $t B"r$+$4 Is($n% T"'r!st Z"ne7/; Re+"r%s, 7?-?.F Anne0es A t" A-777; Iss'e% "n M$4 7, 79@7.; Re+"r%s, 77?; I%7; RULES O COURT, R'(e 7., Se+ .7@; Re+"r%s, 778; I% $t 799, 7979; Rollo


30/33

9; =arate v. *irector of Lands s'r$F Collado v. Court of %ppeals GR N" 7/998, O+t"er , .//., ?/ SCRA

??F *irector of Lands v. Inter#ediate %ppellate Court GR N" 9?.8, M$r+2 ., 7?, .7 SCRA ??; Republic v. 3stonilo GR N" 7@9?/8, N"5e&er .@, .//@, 98 SCRA .8@F =arate v. *irector of Lands s'r$; *e los Reyes v. Ra#olete GR N" L-9??7, J'ne .7, 7?, 7.. SCRA 8@., +!t!n) $on/aga v. Court of

%ppeals GR N" L-.9@@, J'ne ., 79?, @7 SCRA ?7@/; Collado v. Court of %ppeals, s'r$, +!t!n) Chave/ v. 'ublic 3states %uthority s'r$@7; I%, +!t!n) se$r$te "!n!"n "3 t2en J'st!+e Re4n$t" S P'n" !n Cru/ v. ecretary of 3nviron#ent and 4atural

Resources GR N" 7?@?@, #e+e&er 8, .///, ?9 SCRA 7., $n% Chave/ v. 'ublic 3states %uthority s'r$ n"te8@.; Collado v. Court of %ppeals s'r$ n"te 9@?; E33e+t!5e er'$r4 7?, 7@; *e %ldecoa v. +he Insular $overn#ent 7? P2!( 7@


31/33

8; Se+ @, $r 88; Se+ @


32/33

een er3e+te% &$4 $(4 t" t2e C"'rt "3 L$n% Re)!str$t!"n "3 t2e P2!(!!ne Is($n%s 3"r +"n3!r&$t!"n "3

t2e!r +($!&s $n% t2e !ss'$n+e "3 $ +ert!3!+$te "3 t!t(e t2ere3"r t" 6!t

0 0 0 0


33/33

7?/; 'ublic 3states %uthority v. Court of %ppeals s'r$ n"te 87?7; C"&&"n6e$(t2 A+t N" 77, C2$ter IV7?.; I%, C2$ter V7??; H"'se B!(( N" 77/ #e+($r!n) Cert$!n P$r+e(s "3 t2e P'(!+ #"&$!n !t2!n B"r$+$4 Is($n%, M$($4, A1($n $sA)r!+'(t'r$( L$n% Oen t" #!s"s!t!"n7?; GR N" L-.98, J'ne ., 78, .? SCRA 77?, +!te% !n Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co#pany v.

*u#yung GR N"s L-?7888-8, Ar!( ?/, 79, SCRA @?.7?@; *irector of 0orestry v. Muo/ !% $t 7.7
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