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CITY LEVEL PROJECTS
YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENTIndraprastha Zone
Senior ConsultantSamir Mathur
ConsultantsRanu Farooqui
Monika Soota (3D Visulizer)
Nikhil Pandey (3D Visulizer)
Delhi Urban Art Commission
Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman
Sonali Bhagwati Member
Samir Mathur Member
Sonali Rastogi Member
Durga Shanker Mishra Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development
Vinod Kumar Secretary
DUAC Staf
Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Amit Mukherji, V. K.Tyagi, Uma Bhati, Nishi Sachdeva, Manju Anjali,
Siddharth Sagar, Indu Rawat, Nihal Chand
(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)
Preface
The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city laden with layers of history,
a place where civilizations have lived, prospered and perished over centuries. The modern
city today, built over and around a rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity
at every turn, to allow for co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to
understand this multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various
city level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will help
the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, structure, form and
environment and sensitively address future requirements.
I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission who have
tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this document. I also take this
opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation of the efforts of Secretary and
other staff of DUAC for providing the necessary administrative support to make this
happen.
I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government take these
studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions given herein.
March, 2015 Sd/-
Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman, DUAC
DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the
following in making this report:
Raj Rewal Former Chairman, DUACSatish Khanna Former Member, DUAC
Eric P. Mall Former Member, DUAC
D. Diptivilasa Former Member DUAC & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development
Organisations/Others
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India
Delhi Development Authority
Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi
North Delhi Municipal Corporation
East Delhi Municipal Corporation
South Delhi Municipal Corporation
New Delhi Municipal Council
Geospatial Delhi Limited
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited
BSES Yamuna Power Limited
RWA
Aim and Objectives
CONNECTING the City back to its River using Landscape
Creating PHYSICAL ACCESS to the River
Improve quality of ENVIRONMENT, opportunity for RECREATION.
CONSERVE places of historic signiicance.
Summary
Rivers are an inherent part of the development of the human settlement. They have been fundamentally
involved in the process of settlement location and its continuous formation. The greatest civilizations of the
world have formed and lourished along the banks of rivers. Whether it was the Egyptian civilization along the
Nile River or the Indus valley civilization, rivers have been vital as the providers of water for sustaining life as
well as the agrarian societies. Thus strong relationships existed between man and rivers, the later often being
revered as Gods, not only in ancient times but till date. From daily activities to religious ceremonies, fairs and
festivals, the river formed an integral part of human life.
Monuments developed along the banks of river. Delhi’s oldest city, Indraprastha, dating to the Mahabharata
era (circa 1450 BC), to the great Mughal city of Shahjahanabad (1638–1649), all were set with the Yamuna
and other water bodies as their backdrop. The major monuments of the city of Delhi present strong
evidences of the relationship of the past cities with the river. However with the 20th century and modernist
city planning paradigms, the river was considered more as a functional component rather than recreational,
with which the masses had no everyday connection. The city faced its back to the river.
Today, with the abysmal state of drainage and solid-waste management of the city, the Yamuna has become a
huge drain carrying the waste of this mega city. Millions of rupees have been spent by successive governments
in order to clean the river, but to no signiicant change in the situation. The spaces around the river are also
rather ‘lost spaces’ with either agricultural ields, derelict power stations, stadiums and memorials.
With very high densities in the residential areas, it has to be realized that Delhi is in dire need of a large
public open space. The study aims at reconnecting the city to the river not only metaphorically, but to
establish physical linkages and improve the quality of the environment and create opportunities to activate
the riverfront.
Contents1 Section 1 6
1.1 River Yamuna 6
1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi 8
1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes 10
1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones 11
1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use 12
1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones 14
1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’ 16
1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City 18
2 Section 2 22
2.1 Proposed Area of Development 24
2.2 Site Potential 25
2.3 Site Challenges 26
2.4 Immediate Context 28
2.5 Potential Entrance Nodes 30
2.6 Land Use: Institutional 32
2.7 Road Network : Circulation 42
2.8 Activity Pattern 45
2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank 46
2.10 Comparitive Site Study 49
2.11 Historical Significance 50
3 Section 3 52
3.1 Design Concept 52
3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes 54
3.3 Case Study 62
3.4 Existing Landscape Character 66
3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design 69
3.6 Design Proposal - Plan 76
4 Annexure 98
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6 7CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
1.1 River Yamuna
Yamuna: in Allahabad
Her conluence with the Ganges and the mythical Saraswati rivers at Triveni Sangam is a very holy pilgrimage spot.
Yamuna: at Yamunotri, its source
Yamunotri Temple and Ashram
Yamuna near the Himalayas
Yamuna River Map
Yamuna River: Delhi Stretch (Image Source: Google)
Yamuna: in AgraIn Agra, the Yamuna forms the backdrop to one of the world’s seven wonders, the Taj Mahal.
Yamunotri
Agra
Allahabad
New Delhi
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Mythological HistoryAccording to legend, the Yamuna is
the daughter of Surya (the Sun God)
and his wife Saranya, and the twin
sister of Yama (the God of Death).
A dip in the Yamuna is believed to
free a person from all past sins and
contaminations of the material world.
As a part of timeless civilization,
the River Yamuna, other than being
a traditional water source, is also a
cultural icon and is worshipped as a
Goddess in Indian culture.
Many temple towns are situated
along her banks and their characters
are based on the river.
The Mahabharata also mentions
Yamuna as being one of the seven
tributaries of the Ganges. Bathing
in and drinking Yamuna’s waters is
believed to remove sin since time
immemorial.
Later, Yamuna is associated with
the God Krishna. Krishna’s association
with the river began right from his
birth, when he let her surging waters
touch his feet. Folklore and stories
about his childhood and youth are
told and retold today with a pure and
beautiful Yamuna as the backdrop; this
is further reinforced through most of
our traditional and folk poetry and
dance forms. According to legend,
Krishna jumped into the river to
tame the poisonous Kaliya snake,
who was polluting the river with his
noxious fumes.
Mythology is a complex science.
Century-old tales and stories
can be interpreted by generation
after generation with their ever
complicated contexts and changing
ethos. Kaliya’s modern day
equivalents are the industrial units
that release efluents into the river.
OriginThe Yamuna begins at Yamunotri, north of Haridwar, in the Himalayas. The source of the Yamuna technically is Saptrishi
Kund, a glacial lake. At Tajewala, 75 km upstream of Wazirabad, there is a barrage for the waters of the river to low
into the Western and the Eastern Yamuna Canal. The Yamuna enters Delhi from Palla Village, at a height of 211 metres
above sea level. It exits the city at 197 metres above sea level, thus lowing along a very gentle gradient of 1 in 3000.
Yamuna: in MathuraGhats located on the River Yamuna in Mathura. There are total number of 25 ghats in Mathura.
(Image Source: Google)
Location of Major Cities
River monitoring stations
WYC Western Yamuna Canal
EYC Eastern Yamuna Canal
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8 9CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
The Delhi stretch of River Yamuna is barely 22 kms of
its entire 1,370-km long journey from Yamunotri (its
birthplace) to the ocean. Although barely 2 per cent of
the length of the river basin, it contributes to over 80
per cent of the pollution load in the entire stretch of
the river. There is no water in the river for virtually nine
months of the year. Delhi impounds water at the barrage
constructed at Wazirabad where the river enters the city.
What lows in the river subsequently is only sewage and
waste from Delhi’s 22 drains. In other words, the river
ceases to exist at Wazirabad.
22 K
MS
Wazirabad Barrage
ITO Barrage
Increasing pollution load is deteriorating the water quality
of River Yamuna. Domestic wastewater, agricultural
runoffs, mass bathing, offering of religious materials, clay
idols, etc., increases the pollution.
Due to the presence of large numbers of towns and
cities along the banks of the Yamuna, which use the
river to dump waste makes its condition even worse.
Therefore, it is now imperative to identify viable remedial
methods to clean the River Yamuna.
Okhla Barrage
The Main Sources of Pollution in the Yamuna
1. Industrial wastewaters
3. Immersion of idols2. Dumping of garbage
4. Unauthorized settlements on riverbed 5. Bathing cattle
6. Domestic sewage
1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi
Barrages on River Yamuna
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10 11CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Zonal Plan ‘O’As per MPD 2021 notiied on 07.02.2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi is divided into 15 Planning Zones
(divisions) designated ‘A’ to ‘P’ (except zone ‘I’), eight in urban Delhi (‘A’ to ‘H’), six in Urban Extension (‘J’ to ‘N’ and ‘P’)
and one for the River Yamuna Riverfront which has been designated as Zone ‘O’.
The River Yamuna enters from Palla (north side), traverses a length of 48 kms (22 kms in the urban area) through
the National Capital Territory of Delhi and leaves the city at Jaitpur (south side). The Zone ‘O’ covers an area of about
9700 ha (as per MPD 2001), and 8070 ha (as per MPD 2021).
The site is well connected by Metro
routes. The nearest Metro station is
Indraprastha Metro Station which
falls on the Blue Line.
In the Metro Phase III proposal
there will be a Metro station on
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg which will
also provide access to the site and
the historically signiicant monument
of Feroz Shah Kotla.
Indraprastha Metro Station
1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes
Delhi Metro Routes (Map 01)
Delhi Planning Zones (Map 02)
1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones
Line-1 (Dilshad Garden to Rithala)
Line-2 (Huda City Centre to Jahangirpuri)
Line-3 (Noida City Centre to Dwarka Sector 9)
Line-4 (Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar ISBT)
Line-5 (Inderlok to Mundka)
Line-6 (Central Secretariat to Badarpur)
Airport Express Line
Metro Phase-III (Proposed)
Metro Stations
Study Area (Site)
Operational Network
Zone Boundary
National Highway
Ring Roads
River Yamuna
Zone “O”
Study Area (Site)
Legend
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12 13CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
1
2
3
6
5
410
7
8
9
Site
S. No.
Land Parcel to be Excluded From Current Zone ‘O’
Area to be Excluded (ha) from Current Zone ‘O’
Excluded Areas to be Included in Adjacent Zones
1 Rajghat 213 A (Walled City)
2 IP Power Station 112 D
3 Millennium Bus Depot 33 D
4 Sonia Vihar Area 718 E
5 Shastri Park DMRC Land 104 E
6 Akshardham Temple, CWG Village
109 E
7 Yamuna Bank, DMRC Land 40 E
8 Batla House Area 73 F
9 Jaitpur, Meethapur, Okhla 1310 F
10 Jagatpur 385 P-II
11 Area under Circulation 12 D & F
Planning Zone
Name of the
Zone
Zone Area According to MPD 2021
(ha)
Proposed to be Deducted from Current Zone ‘O’ (ha) and added
to Adjacent Zones
Proposed area in
MPD 2021
ORiver
Yamuna/Riverfront
8,070 (-) 3,109 4,961
(Refer Map 04)
Source : Delhi Development Authority
Source : DDA Zone ‘O’ Land Use (Map 03) Zone ‘O’ Land Use – Updated (Map 04)Source : DDA
The spread of the Yamuna varies
from 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms.
Nine road bridges and two railway
bridges and three fair-weather
pontoon bridges cross River Yamuna.
Nineteen major drains discharge
untreated efluents into the river.
The river bed gently slopes from 210
MSL in the north to 199 MSL in the
south.
The area has an assortment of
authorized and unauthorized uses
like Delhi Secretariat, samadhis,
cremation grounds, sports
complexes, and thermal and gas
power stations.
The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone
‘O’, is bounded as under:
North : NCTD Boundary
South : NCTD Boundary
East : Marginal Bund and NCTD
Boundary
West : Marginal Bund, Ring Road and
proposed NH 2 bypass along Agra
Canal
1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use
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14 15CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
SUB-ZONE 4
SUB-ZONE 5
SUB-ZONE 6
SUB-ZONE 7
SUB-ZONE 3
SUB-ZONE 2
SUB-ZONE 1
Sub zone 4 extends from Old Yamuna Bridge to ITO BarrageDevelopment in and along Sub zone 4 includes:
West: Red Fort Electric Crematorium, Vijay Ghat, Shanti Van, Shakti Sthal, IG Stadium, Power Plant and Delhi Secretariat
East: Unauthorized encroachments, agriculture and cremation grounds
Proposed Predominant Use
West: RecreationEast: Recreation, Pondage (water harvesting)
Sub Zone 4 (Map 06)
Sub zone 5 extends from ITO Barrage to New Railway Bridge Development in and along Sub zone 5 includesWest: Indraprastha Power Plant, Indraprastha Metro Station, Bus DepotEast: Unauthorized encroachment, agriculture, Yamuna Bank Metro Station
Proposed Predominant Use
East : Recreation, Public and Semi-public facilities. Metro DepotWest: Utilities, Recreation, Ghats
Sub Zone Reach Approx. Area (ha)
01 UP Border – Wazirabad Barrage 3620
02 Wazirabad Barrage - ISBT Bridge 1100
03 ISBT Bridge – Old Bridge 225
04 Old Rly bridge – IP Barrage (Refer Map 06) 800
05 IP Barrage – New Bridge (Refer Map 07) 365
06 New Rly Bridge – NH 24 Bridge 390
07 NH 24 Bridge – Okhla Barrage 1300
08 Okhla Barrage – Haryana Border 1900
Total River Yamuna area (NCTD) 9700
Proposed Site
1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones
Sub Zone 5 (Map 07)Zone ‘O’ – Sub-zones (Map 05)
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16 17CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone ‘O’ has special characterstics and ecological signiicance for which various studies
have been conducted from time to time. As such, the Zonal Development Plan for Zone ‘O’ has been conceived to set
the strategies for the rejuvenation of the River Yamuna and ecofriendly development.
MPD 2001River Yamuna is to be made pollution free through various measures. On the vast expanse of its banks, large
recreational areas are to be developed and integrated with other urban developments so that the river is an integral
part of the city, physically and visually.
DUAC Conceptual Plan 2001Landscape potential to be explored
Promote recreational activities, cultural centre, bird sanctuary, botanical gardens, water sports etc.
NCR Regional Plan 2011River channelization, pollution control and riverfront developments
Steering Committee Recommendation on MPD-2001Intercept all drains discharging sewage in the Yamuna
Comprehensive review and suitable change in land use
SPA – Planning & Development of Yamuna River BedAugmenting Water Recharge Potential
Reducing Pollution
Conservation of Natural Areas
Recreation to be limited to ecotourism
Higher level of recreational facilities
Adoption of integrated development model
NEERI – Environmental Management Plan•LowDevelopment,NoBuiltUp Botanical gardens, nurseries, forest and picnic spots, special parks
•ModerateDevelopment,LowBuiltUp Open-air stadium, amphitheatre, theme park, gardens, water sports, camping grounds, recreational clubs,
congregation grounds
•ExtensiveDevelopment,ModerateBuiltUp Convention Centres, Secretariat and Assembly, museums and inancial district, cultural centre
Yamuna Action Plan for NCTDUnder the Yamuna Action Plan of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, the following components are
funded by the Central Govt:
i) Low Cost Toilets
ii) Sewage Treatment Plants
iii) Electric Crematoria
iv) Bathing Ghats
v) Plantation
Conclusion from the StudiesKeeping in view the recommendation made in the various statutory plans, studies undertaken and the conclusions
arrived at, the Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna will have to address the following objectives:
a) Water Supply Augmentation
b) Pollution Abatement
c) Land Utilization/Management
d) Eco-friendly Development
•ThedevelopmentshouldnotincreasethepollutionwithintheRiverYamunaarea,ratheritshouldregenerateahealthy environment.
•Anykindofdevelopmentshouldbesafefromlooddamageevenatpeakloodlevel.•Identifyingthestretcheswhichcanbe/shouldbedevelopedonprioritybasisandwhichdonotrequirelargeinancial
resources and are not prone to encroachments.
Strategies for riverfront development (8.3 ZONAL PLAN 2021):
•Toestablishriverfrontwalkway,trails,parks.•Tocreatevisuallypleasingordertotheriver’sedge.•Toattractpeopleandinvestmenttotheriverfront.•Todevelopanarts/entertainment/culturaldistrict.•Toexpandleisureandrecreationaluseoftheriverandriverfront.•Toemphasizepedestrianstreetsthatconnecttotheriverfront.•Toprovideoutdooractivitiesforthepeople.
DDA Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna Area (May 2006)Two levels of urban design inputs are envisaged:
Riverfront Development: At present the width of the river bed varies between 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms and at most sections
neither the water course nor the opposite banks are visible. In order to integrate the river within the larger framework
of the city and to bring the river closer to the citizens, at certain stretches, ‘aesthetic’ and ‘active’ riverfront development
is desirable. These stretches may comprise the following activities/uses with full complement of recreational activities for
all sections of citizens:
•BathingGhats•PedestrianBoulevards•LandscapedVenues
1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’
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18 19CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City
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20 21CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Lalkotcirca 736 – 1060 AD
Indraprasthacirca 1450 BC
Siricirca 1297 – 1307 AD
Tuglaqabad1321–1325
Jahanpanah1325 –1351
Ferozabad1351–1388
Dinpanah1538 –1545
Shahajahanbad1638 –1649
Lutyens’ Delhi1931 AD
Present Delhi
Chronological Evoloution of the City of Delhi
Lack of Identity. City reduced to a continuous sprawl.
No Connection to the River.
Medieval City between the Ridge and the River. Imperial City between the Ridge and the River ; Cantonment beyond the Ridge.
Contemporary City beyond the Ridge and the River. Future City will eat the Ridge and the River.
Expansion aimed at the reduction of natural resources within the city.
Transformation of the city, the urban form changed from solid to void to scattered.
Creation of impervious surface. Loss of open space.
Collective realm is restricted to the movement corridors, detached from the ground.
Natural resources become mere components of urbanization.
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22 23CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
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24 25CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
2.1 Proposed Area of Development 2.2 Site Potential
Religious Active During Weekdays: Work Hours Potential for Pedestrian Connections and Walking
Rich History and CultureNatural Feature: River National Signiicance Monuments
The site has a magniicent setting. The river forms an excellent opportunity to provide for an active public space.
The historical monument of Feroz Shah Kotla is in close proximity to the site. It is well connected to adjoining historically signiicant monuments like Purana Qila, Red Fort, India Gate, etc.
The site has memorials of signiicant Indian leaders situated in close proximity.The vehicular road connecting the ghats to the site has very low trafic density and can serve as good connection to the site.
The site has an existing ‘Chhath Ghat’, which is extensively used during the ‘Chhath’ festival and people gather here in large numbers during the festival.
The site has many institutional buildings and commercial newspaper ofices, making this a very active area during weekdays.
Few of the roads like, Indraprastha Marg already have a wide, well-connected pedestrian pathway and foot overbridge, providing safe and convenient access for the pedestrians.
Primary
Site
Adaptive
Re-Use
300 Acre
66 Acre
21 Acre
32 Acre
70..25%
28.18%
1.57%
Neighbouring
Inluence Zone
Immediate
Context
Proposed Area of Development (Percentage)
Adaptive Re-Use (28.18%)
Intensive Development (1.57%)(Railway Corridor)
Ecologically Sensitive(70.25%)
Riverfront at
Rajghat Powerplant
As Future Development
In Another Phase
Rajghat
Powerplant
(Future Development)
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26 27CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Disconnected Waterfront Weak Public Life Pattern Minimal Open Space Identity
ChallengeThe site has a beautiful setting at the
water’s edge that has not been fully
embraced.
ConsequencesThe riverfront is poorly connected in
terms of pedestrian links, functions,
views and vistas,
The waterfront itself could be
much more vibrant and interesting,
The waterfront’s potential has been
underutilized.
Absence of Visual Linkages,
Physical Linkages with Riverfront
Challenge The site is well connected, yet there
is a fragile pattern of urban life with
few informal recreational activities
taking place.
Most of the activities taking place
are considered necessary activities,
such as ofices and commercial
operations.
ConsequencesThe site does not have a distinct
character, and is poorly deined.
There are a great deal of important
destinations on-site, but they are
poorly connected and fail to generate
public life activities. It is not a place
that succeeds in inviting people to
go to for informal activities such as
strolling, biking or hanging out.
ChallengeThe public space network is unclear,
since the site lacks interesting, inviting
and varied public spaces. The public
space hierarchy is unclear – where
is the heart of the city? Where are
the places for quiet relection or the
places for physical activities and play?
ConsequencesThe poor public spaces and the
ofice/institution focused activities in
this area cause fragile user patterns. A
strong public life culture demands a
place that is more inviting throughout
the day, week and the year.
Fragile Urban Culture Unbalanced Trafic System Institutional and Ofice Focused Area
ChallengeThere are several historically and
culturally signiicant monuments in
and in close proximity to the site.
But it does not translate into a place
where you just spend time in the
public spaces. The open space has
lost its important role as a preferred
meeting place.
ConsequencesThe public spaces seem underutilized.
Few public spaces in and around the
site manage to invite people to spend
time for informal recreational
purposes and leisure.
The outdoor city culture is
generally underdeveloped and the
city needs more instantly appealing
and inviting public spaces. Lack of
public life is a self-perpetuating
process. Higher levels of public life
tend to generate more life while lack
of public life has the opposite effect.
ChallengeThe site has Ring Road running on
the west and Indraprastha Marg/
Bridge to the north.
These highways create barriers and
limit access to the site.
ConsequencesNot only has the area around the
site, but in general the city too, has
become ‘car centric’. The car tends to
be ‘king,’ meaning that the vehicular
trafic lows are highly prioritized,
compromising pedestrian and bicycle
low most of the times.
Lack of Quick Accessibility
Options to Metro and
Various Civic Destinations for
Pedestrians
Absence of Mix of Functions and
Safe Walking Condition
ChallengeOverall, the site is dominated by
ofices and institutions.
ConsequencesThe lack of diversity and mix in
functions has a number of side
effects. There are generally fewer
attractions and unique experiences in
each area leading to a lack of mixed-
user groups.
In terms of public life, the site is only
highly active during ofice and college
hours. This leads to a perceived
lack of safety in the evenings and
weekends, and also impacts the use
of public spaces.
Precincts Deserted after
Business Hours
2.3 Site Challenges
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28 29CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
The site precinct has number of mixed-uses. The predominant ones being professional
institutes and ofices. It has numerous nationally signiicant monuments (Refer Annexure)
located in close proximity. Four major sports activity buildings, namely IG Indoor Stadium,
Yamuna Velodrome, Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Ambedkar Stadium. Two parks –
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park and Jai Prakash Narayan Park. Two major power stations, Rajghat
Power Plant and Indraprastha Power Plant, and historically signiicant monuments Feroz
Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza. As such there is no residential area in the site precinct
other than Vinod Nagar located close to the Feroz Shah Monument. Daryaganj, one of the
oldest residential areas of the city, is located nearby but is not part of the study area.
Rajghat
Gandhi Ashram
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium
Feroz Shah Kotla
Jai Prakash Narayan Park
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park
Shanti Van
Rajghat Power Plant
Yamuna Velodrome
Indraprastha Power Plant Chhath Puja Ghat
Institutional
Industrial
Historic
Residential
Sports
Greens
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2.4 Immediate Context
Existing Riverfront/Greens
Indraprastha Mixed-UseRiverfront Site(74 Acre)
Vikas Marg/Old ITO Bridge
Sach
ival
aya
Road
Gra
nd T
runk
Road
/Rin
g R
oad
2.5 Potential Entrance NodesS
ec
tio
n 2
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30 31CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
11
22
33
44
55
Potential Node 2: From Vikas Marg/Old ITO Bridge
2
Potential Node 3 : From Sachivalaya Road (Opp. Delhi Secretariat)
33
Potential Node 4 : Under Grand Trunk Road/Ring Road
44
Potential Node 5 : From Grand Trunk Road/ Ring Road
5
Potential Node 1: From Mahatma Gandhi Marg adjacent to Indraprastha Metro Station
11
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32 33CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
InstitutionalImportant government and semi-
government institutional buildings
are located in this area. The most
important being the Secretariat,
Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters,
ITO. Educational institutions like SPA
and IIPM are also located in close
proximity to the site
Potential
These institutions should have a
better access to the riverfront site.
IndustrialThree main power plants are
located in close proximity to the site.
Indraprastha Power Plant, Rajghat
Power Plant and Pragati Maidan
Power Plant.
Potential
The site is located between
Indraprastha Power Plant and River
Yamuna. Adaptive Reuse of the IP
Power Plant and the railway line are
suggested.
Rajghat Power Station
Indraprastha Power Plant
Rajghat Power Plant
SecretariatSchool of Planning and Architecture
Police HeadquartersDDA (on RT) from the ITO FOB
DDA Ofice Building
2.6 Land Use: Institutional
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34 35CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Shanti Van
Land Use : National Signiicance Land Use : Religious Signiicance
Religious Signiicance
Chhath Puja Ghat which is located
on-site is used extensively during the
Chhath Puja festival.
Potential
Chhath Puja is an annual event and
the site remains un-utilized for the
rest of the year. Thus, there is need
to create activity to bring people to
the site.
Historic/National Signiicance
The heritage monuments Feroz
Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are
located in close proximity to the site.
Other places of national signiicance
close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van,
Gandhi Smarak. (For a complete list
of samadhis located close to site
refer Annexure page 100-101)
Potential
A shuttle service along with
provisions for bike/pedestrian
connections from the historically
signiicant monuments to the site
can/should be created.
Feroz Shah Kotla
Shakti SthalRajghat
Veer Bhumi
Gandhi Smarak
Chhath Puja Ghat
Chhath Puja Ghat
Mosque
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36 37CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Doll MuseumOfices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Vikram Nagar Anna Nagar
View of Maharao Krishna Rao Marg
Ofices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Times of India Ofice Express Building
Commercial
Most newspaper ofices are situated
in close proximity of the site.
Potential
As the newspaper industry is such
that it remains open for 365 days a
year, irrespective of holidays, there is
an opportunity to give the people
working here a breathing space on
the riverfront where they can unwind
and relax.
Residential
The residential area of Vikram Nagar
is located adjacent to Feroz Shah
Kotla Monument. Daryaganj, one of
the oldest residential settlements
of Delhi City, is also located in the
immediate context of the site. Anna
Nagar, which is an unauthorized
colony is situated along the railway
and Metro line.
Issues
Few of the residences in Vikram
Nagar share the wall of the
historically signiicant Feroz Shah
Kotla Monument.
Guideline
There should be a setback from the
historic façade.
Land Use: Commercial Land Use: Residential
Daryaganj
Vikram Nagar
Vikram Nagar Vikram Nagar Daryaganj
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38 39CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Yamuna Velodrome Yamuna Velodrome
Yamuna Velodrome from elevated roadIndira Gandhi Indoor Stadium Feroz Shah Kotla
Railway Line
Sports Facility
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium and
Yamuna Velodrome are located within
5–10 minutes walking distance from
the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium
and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also
located in close proximity to the site.
Potential
The stadiums act as activity
generators and this activity can be
dispersed to the riverfront site,
creating an active area. Also, the
parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium
and Yamuna Velodrome can be used
for the proposed site.
Open Spaces
Most of the public ‘open spaces’
are located around the heritage
monuments and other places of
interest – Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla
and also Yamuna Riverfront behind
Indraprastha Power Plant.
Potential:
The open spaces are not easily
accessible. They need to be well
connected to the adjoining areas and
Metro station and roads.
Land Use : Sports Facility Land Use : Open Spaces
Dr Ambedkar Stadium
Near Rajghat Power Station
Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium Near Chhath Ghat
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40 41CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Character
of the
Land Use
Urbanscape
Open Spaces
Most of the public ‘open spaces’ are located around the heritage monuments and other places
of interest: Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla and also Yamuna Riverfront behind Indraprastha Power
Plant.
The open spaces are not easily accessible. They need to be well connected to the adjoining
areas and Metro station and roads.
Institutional
Important government and semi-government institutional buildings are located in this area. Most
important being Secretariat, Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters, ITO. Educational institutions like
SPA and IIPM are also located in close proximity to the site
These institutions should have a better access to the Riverfront Site.
Industrial
Three main power plants are located in close proximity to the site. Indraprastha Power Plant,
Rajghat Power Plant and Pragati Maidan Power Plant.
The site is located between Indraprastha Power Plant and River Yamuna. Adaptive-Reuse of
the IP Power Plant and the railway line are suggested.
Land Use : Analysis - Conclusion
Historic/National Signiicance
The heritage monuments of Feroz Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are located in close
proximity to the site. Other places of national signiicance close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van,
Gandhi Smarak.
A visual link along with providing bike/pedestrian connections from the historically signiicant
monuments to the site can/should be created.
Religious Signiicance
‘Chhath Puja Ghat’ which is located on-site is used extensively during the Chhath Puja festival.
Chhath puja is a once in a year event, and the site remains un-utilized for rest of the year and
lacks activity. Need to create activity to bring people to the site.
Commercial
Most newspaper ofices are situated in close proximity of the site.
As the newspaper industry is such that it remains open for 365 days a year irrespective of
holidays, there is an opportunity to give the people working there a breathing space on the
riverfront where they can unwind and relax.
Residential
The residential area of Vikram Nagar is located adjacent to Feroz Shah Kotla Monument.
Daryaganj, one of the oldest residential settlements of Delhi City, is also located in the
immediate context of the site. Anna Nagar, which is an unauthorized colony is situated along the
railway and Metro line.
Few of the residences in Vikram Nagar share the wall of the historically signiicant Feroz Shah
Kotla Monument.
Sports Facility
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, and Yamuna Velodrome are located within 5-10 minutes walking
distance from the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also located in
close proximity to the site.
The stadiums act as activity generators and this activity can be dispersed to the riverfront site,
creating an active area. Also, the parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium and Yamuna Velodrome can
be used for the proposed site.
Final Land Use Map
2 3
54
1
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42 43CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Bus Stops
Metro Stops
Blue Metro Line
Phase III Metro Line
CirculationThe main ‘Circulation Nodes’ include, Indraprastha Metro Station, Pragati Maidan and Yamuna Bank on the East Bank.
1 2
4
3
5
66
77
88
99
Indraprastha Marg
Vikas Marg
Mahatma Gandhi Marg Ring Road
Sachivalaya Road
Sachivalaya Road
Velodrome Road
Maharao Krishna Rao Marg
Satyagraha Marg
2.7 Road Network : Circulation
High Intensity Road
Mid Intensity Road
Low Intensity Road
Metro Route
8
3
5
41
2
7
6
6
8
3
5
41
7
6
6
2
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Activity Pattern:•IndraprasthaMarghasmostlyinstitutionalbuildingsonbothsides(referpage32)andishighlyactiveonweekdays.•BahadurShahZafarMarghasmostlynewspaperoficesandisactivesevendaysaweek.•ChhathPujaGhatisactiveonlyseasonallyduringChhathPujaFestivalonceayear.IndiraGandhiIndoorStadium,
Yamuna Velodrome, Ambedkar Stadium and Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium are active only when a sports activity is taking
place. Thus the site is active only seasonally.
Reclaiming Public Space for Parking
Public spaces that need to be reclaimed as parking spaces.
•ParkinglotinIGStadiumandDelhiSecretariatareunderutilizedandcanbeused for parking for the proposed site.
•SpaceundertheelevatedRingRoadbypasscanalsobereclaimedforparking.
Space under the elevated Ring Road
On-street parking in front of WHO, near Vikas Bhawan & ITO and Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
Vikas MargIndraprastha Marg
Rin
g R
oad
Bah
adur
Shah
Zaf
ar M
arg
Rin
g R
oad
AmbedkarStadium
YamunaVelodrome
Chhath PujaGhat
Proposed Connections
2.8 Activity Pattern
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46 47CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Density Study of the West and East BankBuilding a footprint study of the East and West Bank along the river for the site precinct shows that the East Bank
is more densely populated than the West Bank. And is in dire need of an open space that provides respite and a
breathing lung space for the residents. The riverfront has a high potential open space available in the heart of the city.
•Peopleinhigherdensitydwellingsneedgreateraccessandqualityopenspaceandpublicrealm–theirbackyardisthe public domain.
•ConnectivityisalsoanimportantconsiderationThereisaneedtoimprovetheconnectivitybetweenthedenselypopulated areas and the open spaces. Recreation facilities and open spaces should be well connected by means of
public transport, walking tracks and bike paths.
2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank
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48 49CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Open Space and Land Use Study for East and West BankThe West Bank has numerous open spaces, while the East Bank clearly lacks open green spaces.
The West Bank has mostly institutional buildings and the East Bank mainly residential.
By creating an active Riverside Green Space, we will provide an area for the residents of the East Bank to visit during
weekends. Due to the commercial and professional nature of land use on the West Bank, the site will remain active
during weekdays and provide a respite from hectic work schedules.
Building Footprint
Greens
Land Use
Existing Vegetation/Trees
Open Space Study
Roads and Nullahs
Land Use Study
2.10 Comparitive Site Study
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The precinct of Feroz Shah Kotla has tremendous heritage value.
•ThesiteincludesarchaeologicalruinsofFerozShahKotlaandthesurvivingremainsofKhooniDarwaza.•TheKotlaofFerozShahalsoincludesoneoftheAshokanstonepillars,removedfromitsoriginallocationandre-
erected here by Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
•Historicallyspeaking,thissiteisanensembleofstructuresbelongingtothereignsofthreesigniicantemperorsofIndia: Ashoka (BC 273 – 232), Feroz Shah (AD 1351 – 88) and Sher Shah Suri (AD 1540 – 55).
•Thesitecontributestotheexperienceofarchitectural,artisticandculturalhistoryofculturesthatlourishedinthehistorical timescape of Delhi.
•KhooniDarwazaestablishesthephysicalextentofSherShah’sDilli,andsuggestsanoverlappingrelationshipbetweenthe two cities – Firozabad (14th C) and Dilli Sher Shahi (16th C) – founded within a time gap of two centuries.
The city of Delhi has enormous numbers and varieties of historic sites like the Qutub Minar, Humayun’s Tomb and, most recently, the Red Fort, that have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Others, like the Old Fort and Jama Masjid, are part of popular tourist circuits. There are many more sites of equal signiicance; however, they lie ‘buried’ within the modern city, neglected and forgotten
Linking Heritage on the SiteDelhi’s heritage can be integrated
and linked to transform the cognitive
image of the city:
•Througharchitecturalconservationand urban design interventions to
create experience and awareness
towards heritage. These will cover
street furniture, lighting, special
transportation system, treatment
to footpaths, roads and intersection
nodes, public places, etc.
•Bymakingthecognitiveexperienceof Delhi as a Heritage City more
manifest for both local inhabitants
and visitors.
•Thesitecontinuestopossesshistorical,archaeological,architecturalandartistic value as the walls of the ruins merge with the newer constructions
around. The signiicance of this site, needs to be protected, preserved
and enhanced for the experience of people who visit or live in Delhi.
The constituent structures hold the potential to continue the original
design intention or suggest interventions for adaptive reuse or new use,
consequently reinstating the cultural relevance of the site, whilst making it a
place for people to enjoy and experience their own heritage.
Khooni Darwaza
An aerial view of the Feroze Shah Kotla Node shows location of those
structures that are signiicant to the project:
N
TOWARDS
RIVER
(Source: Intach, Delhi Heritage Route, Detailed
Project Report, June 2009)
1. Feroz Shah Kotla
2. Khooni Darwaza
3. Lok Nayak Jaiprakash Smriti Udyan (Smriti Udyan)
4. Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park (Shahidi Park)
Kotla Feroz Shah
2.11 Historical Signiicance
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52 53CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Religious Zone (Chhath Puja Ghat):
The Chhath Puja Ghat is massively usedonly once a year during the Chhath Puja festival.
Entrance/Welcome Zone:
Create Activity Zone for the Entry Zone
Entrance/Welcome Zone
Nullah :
Development along the Nullah
Development Zone (Existing Railtrack):
Proposal for Development along the Rail Track
Adaptive Reuse of Indraprastha Power Plant
Green Ecozone
Riverfront ZoneSolar Farm
Improve Existing Pedestrian Paths
Provide seating enclosures and benches along the PathHave Avenue plantation along the pathways
Existing Site Conditions
Chhath Ghat
Green Ecozone
Existing Pedestrian Pathways
Existing Railway Line
Indraprastha Power Plant Structure
Existing Nullah
Existing Open Area
Rin
g R
oad
Vikas Marg / Old ITO Bridge
Metro Line (Blue)Welcome
Zone
Welcome
Zone
Adaptive
Re-Use
Zone
Solar Park
Chhath
Ghat
Link To
River
Ped
estr
ian
Pat
hw
ays
Visual
Connection
Embankment
River Overlook
Connection to Rajghat Power Plant
Connection to Pragati Maidan Power Plant
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54 55CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Strategy tools relating to walking and cycling speciically include:
1. Re-allocation of road space with an emphasis on sustainable modes, including walking and cycling.
2. Aligning usage with policy agenda which looks to increase walking and cycling mode splits.
3. Increase opportunities to rest (pedestrian) and increase the provision of safe, secure and sheltered parking (cycling).
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6
Pedestrian/Battery Operated ShuttleAccess
Vehicular & Pedestrian Access
Parking:195 Cars
Vehicular Access Only
Parking:220 Cars
Vehicular & Pedestrian Access
Parking:75 Cars
Vehicular & Pedestrian Access
Parking:175 Cars
Vehicular & Pedestrian Access
Parking:100 Cars
Entrance Nodes and Parking Vehicular Movement On-siteVehicular movement on the site is restricted to the outer periphery only.
1
2
3
4
5
6
To Rajghat Power Plant
RIN
G R
OA
D
VIKAS MARG/OLD ITO BRIDGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes
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56 57CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Existing - Yamuna River - Nullah
The functioning of a pedestrian route largely depends on the resting spaces provided for the users.
Shade and proper street furnishings improve the quality of the pedestrian environment.
Comfort and shelter are essential characteristics of pedestrian needs and these should be proiciently catered to.
Seating places provide support for people to colonize the centre of the space, thus these should be located parallel to
the pedestrian lows.
The walkways have multiple interjections to create a sense of pause and provide seating spaces. This will be a well
designed open space which is part of an interconnected network to promote pedestrian and bicycle trips between
open space and destinations.
Proposed - Pond in the boardwalk area - Train entrance plaza - Kids Activity Zone- Water Fountain
Pedestrian Movement On-site
Possible Future Pedestrian
Connection
(Refer ‘Vision of Delhi’ Report)
Visual Connections
to The River
Connection To Pragati Maidan
Power Plant
Connection To Rajghat Powerplant
Existing Water Bodies
Proposed Water Bodies
Water Bodies On-site
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58 59CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Indraprastha Power Plant
Issues
•Environmentallyunsound•Coal-basedplantleadingtomassiveemissions•Nocontroloverparticulatematteremissions•Fly-ashgeneration•Fly-ashsludgeoftenmakingitswaytotheYamuna•Coalhastracesofheavymetalthatishazardousto
health
•Usinga2-MWdieselset,powerwasgeneratedfortheirst time in Delhi in 1903
Potential
•AdaptiveReuseofthePowerPlantonthelinesofinternational industrial examples such as Tate Modern,
Gasometer City, The Silos, Battersea Power Plant and
many others. (Refer page no. 62 for case-study)
Existing Guiding Features On-site
Use existing mega structures for
leisure/amusement related activities
Use existing open space as green
connectors/parks/public spaces
Indraprastha Power Plant Indraprastha Power Plant
The development of this area would transform a derelict space and create something which everyone can appreciate;
it will also introduce an accessible green space into the city.
Buildings are meant to evolve and change; they are constantly changing. While they may be designed for a particular
use, they eventually adapt due to ‘usages in and around them constantly changing’.
Indraprastha Power Plant
Railway Line
Chhath Puja Ghat
Indra
pra
stha
Pow
er P
lant
Existing
Railwayline
Chhat
h P
uja
G
hat
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60 61CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Existing Scenario
The railway line connects the IP Power Plant and the
Rajghat Power Plant to the main railway line. And, is
used to supply coal to both these power plants. With
Indraprastha Power Plant closed and Rajghat Power Plant
proposed to be shutdown in 2014, the railway line would
be defunct.
Signiicance of Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is an ancient Hindu festival and the only Vedic festival dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, and Chhathi
Maiya (ancient Vedic goddess, Usha).The Chhath Puja is performed in order to thank Surya for sustaining life on earth
and to request the granting of certain wishes.
Mythology
The rituals inds reference in the epic Mahabharata in which Draupadi is depicted as observing similar rites.
In the Mahabharata, Draupadi and the Pandavas, rulers of Indraprastha (modern Delhi), performed the Chhath
ritual on the advice of the noble sage, Dhaumya. It is also believed that Chhath was started by Karna, the son of Surya
(Surya Putra Karna). Surya Putra Karna ruled over the Anga Desh (present day Bhagalpur district of Bihar) during the
Mahabharata Age.
Ritual
The rituals of the festival are rigorous and are observed over a period of four days. They include holy baths, fasting and
abstaining from drinking water (vratta), standing in water for long periods of time, and offering prashad and arghya to
the setting and rising sun.
Location
Chhath Puja Ghat is located on the western bank of River Yamuna behind the IP Power Plant and is used once a year
during the Chhath Puja festival.
Issues
The area remains isloated for the rest of the year. When it is used once a year, there is lack of proper parking facilities
and a proper planned open space where such an event can be organized.
Potential
•Provideadequateparkingspace.•Create/designalargeopenspacewheretheeventcantakeplace,aspeopletendtostayovernightonthegrounds
there is need for a large space to provide temporary shelter during the festival.
Potential:
Conversion of the existing Railway line into a pedestrian
friendly corridor such as done in New York City for the
Highline Park. (Refer Page no. 63 for Case-Study) Re-use
of railway line as part of the landscape feature.
Railway Line Chhath Puja Ghat
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62 63CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Originally: Opened in 1934 as an
elevated railway, the High Line was
established to provide greater safety
by separating rail and street trafic.
Adapted To: Extremely successful
elevated public park stretching over
one mile, running through the heart
of Manhattan.
Reuse of existing rail lines (currently used for coal trains to the power plants)
for continuous transit connections
•pedestrianpaths,biketrails,•electricshuttlesalongriverfrontdistrictsites
(Source: Google)
(Source: AdaptiveReuse.info, Brooklyn, NY)
Tate Modern, London
Originally: Bankside Power Station
Adapted To: Tate Modern is
Britain’s national gallery for modern
art with 4.7 million visitors/year.
It has transformed a previously
underdeveloped area of London and
has helped give the city a new image
as a leading centre of contemporary
culture.
The remains of industry include dramatic buildings, landscapes, sites and
precincts as well as everyday structures and spaces that work together to give
our cities, towns and regions their character. All offer opportunity for reuse.
Done well, such adaptive reuse can contribute to the building of a social and
cultural capital, environmental sustainability and urban regeneration.
The case studies that accompany this report highlight a range of successful
international projects, across scale and building types.
Xintiandi Factory, Hangzhou, China
Originally: Machine Factory
Adapted To: The Xintiandi old factory will be renovated into a high quality
building with a combination of functions including ofices, retail, hotel and
multipurpose areas.
(Source: Google)
Manhattan’s acclaimed High Line – a
relic of urban history and imaginative
example of adaptive reuse – has
inspired a generation of linear urban
parks occupying abandoned railway
lines
The success of these projects provides the inspiration to look at innovative and environmentally friendly ways to reinvent the disused railways of the industrial past.
Throughout history, the main reason for reuse has been economic. Previously it was done ‘without regard for history
or “character”.’ This shifted in the late 20th century when adaptive reuse evolved more speciically into historic
preservation. We now have shifted to a balance between historic and economic reasons for adaptive reuse. Recent
adaptive reuse projects have generated ‘some of the most innovative and intelligent work’ in the architectural ield. It
is not just a sentimental or historic approach but a desire to create ‘new form out of old fabric’. The rediscovery and
reuse of old buildings and areas is more signiicant for the twenty-irst century urban life.
Originally: The Gasometers were built from 1896 to
1899. The containers were used to help supply Vienna
with town gas facilities. Each is 70 metres tall and 60
metres in diameter. The Gasometers were retired in 1984
due to new technologies in gasometer construction
Gasometer City, Vienna, Austria
Adapted To: Each gasometer is divided into several
zones for living (apartments at the top), working (ofices
on the middle loors) and entertainment and shopping
(shopping malls on the ground loors). The shopping mall
levels in each gasometer are connected to the others by
skybridges.
The Gasometers have developed a village character all
of their own and are a city within a city.
Gasometer A (Inside) Gasometer B (Outside)
(Source: Wikipedia)
(Source: Google)
Adaptive Reuse of Railway LineAdaptive Reuse of Industrial Building
3.3 Case Study
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64 65CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
•Multipleusesandedgetreatmentshavetobeallowed.
•Creatingadestinationratherthanjustathoroughfare.
•Addresstheconcernofoccasionalloodingandhowthedesignwillevolveandrespondtotheseasonalchangesofthe river.
•Thedesignvisioncallsfordesignstrategies,anddeliberateplanningofopenspaces,whichstrikeabalancebetweeninnovation and historic preservation as opposed to a single solution. This will give the riverfront the lexibility to
evolve over time
•Greenspacesthatareconnectedwithothergreenoropenspacesthroughwalkingandcyclingtrailsorgreenwayspromote higher levels of physical activity and encourage more visits and longer stays.
•TheexistingIndraprasthaPowerPlantandtherailwaylineserveasexcellentopportunitiesfordevelopmentoflandmark architecture features on the site.
•Restoringecology,improvingwaterquality,buildingwithnature,partofhistory.
•Supplementingexistingvegetation–agreenfertilemilieuwithanurbanparkcharacterwillbecreated.
The open agricultural character of the grassland/agriculture land on the riverbank
should be preserved as the landscape image for both its natural dimension as well
as its ecological importance for the surrounding Yamuna riverfront.
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Learning from Case Study Design Philosophy
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66 67CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Issues and Potential
There is no visual and physical access to the river from the main roads adjoining the site, namely Mahatma Gandhi
Marg and Vikas Marg.
The railway line has the potential to be reused as part of the landscape element, but the heavy plantation blocks the
access to the railway line from/to the river.
There are numerous native varieties of trees, plants, shrubs and grass which need to be retained.
Existing Vegetation On-site
3.4 Existing Landscape Character
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68 69CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Forest (>50% canopy cover): Plant wherever possible; provides shade, recreation, riparian habitat, stormwater and erosion control, lood mitigation and water quality treatment.
Woodland (<50% canopy cover): Plant wherever views are desired through trees; provides most beneits of forest and may be more acceptable in developed areas.
Shrubland: Plant to protect steep slopes and as natural fences for pedestrian/bicycle trafic control.
Meadow: Plant as a means of managing large open areas; provides riparian buffers and habitat for small mammals, insects and birds.
Lawn: Plant on relatively lat slopes only and active recreation zones; separate lawns from river edges with riparian buffer.
Common Name: RanawaraBotanical Name: Cassia auriculata
Common Name: Babul/KikarBotanical Name: Vachellia nilotica
Common Name: KhairBotanical Name: Senegalia catechu
Common Name: EucalyptusBotanical Name: Eucalyptus obliqua
Common Name: Dhau/DhakBotanical Name: Anogeissus latifolia
Common Name: Yellow OleanderBotanical Name: Cascabela thevetia
Common Name: AshokBotanical Name: Polyalthia longifolia
Common Name: BanyanBotanical Name: Ficus benghalensis
Common Name: PeepalBotanical Name: Ficus religiosa
Common Name: NeemBotanical Name: Azadirachta indica
Common Name: Bottle BrushBotanical Name: Callistemon viminalis
Common Name: Vetiver GrassBotanical Name: Chrysopogon zizanioides
Common Name: BushgrassBotanical Name: Calamagrostis epigejos
Common Name: Blady Grass/Kunai GrassBotanical Name: Imperata cylindrica
Common Name: KansBotanical Name: Saccharum spontaneum
3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design
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70 71CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Avenue Trees
Mosquito/Insect Repellant Plants
Trees as Focal Point
Flowering Trees
Aquatic Plants
Flowering Plants
Plant native or non-invasive species throughout the river
corridors.
Native species are preferred for the river edge landscapes
because of their adaptation to the local environment,
response to lood conditions and biodiversity
enhancement.
Develop a diverse hierarchy of landscape cover typesThe goal of every planting restoration design should be
to restore as much forest as is feasible to each riverfront
site. A diverse mix of forest, woodland, shrubland and
meadow will give signiicant beneits – maximum shade,
oxygen production, carbon sequestration, biodiversity
habitat and pollution and stormwater mitigation – to the
urban environment.
Replace paved surfaces and lawn with plants and porous materialsWith a large percentage of the urban environment paved
with impervious surfaces, plants can play a signiicant role
in decreasing stormwater runoff and improving water
quality. Tree canopies intercept precipitation as it falls and
decrease the amount of runoff leaving a site, even when
the understorey is paved beneath the drip line of a tree.
Where the ground is pervious, plantings help maintain
less compact soil with the growth and death of roots. Soil
that is less compact will absorb more precipitation and
therefore create less runoff. Plants along a riverbank not
only reduce the velocity of surface runoff but also purify
the groundwater before it reaches the river by absorbing
nutrients.
Policy for Planting DesignMaintain canopy trees along the entire riverbank to the
fullest extent possible
(Image Source: Google)
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(Image Source: Google)
Intent Imagery for Proposed Vegetation
Aquat
ic P
lants
Tre
e a
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cal poin
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Untouched Forest Walk
Tree Avenue
Tree Avenue
Entrance
Entrance
Boar
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Flowering Shrubs
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Ecological ZoneSolar Park
Adaptive ReuseIndraprastha Power Plant
Ecological ZoneBoardwalk/Birdwatch Trail
Welcome Zone IIWeekly Haat
Cultural/ReligiousChhath Maidan
Welcome Zone ITrain Entrance Plaza
Adaptive ReuseRailway Line
Adaptive Reuse Zone
Welcome Zone
Cultural/Religious Zone
Ecological ZoneKey Plan - Conceptual Zones
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1. Entrance
2. Parking
3. Welcome Zone (Weekly Haat)
4. Mela Ground For Chhath Puja
5. Chhath Puja Ghat (Existing)
6. Solar Farm
7. Eco Area – Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail
8. Pond
9. Viewing Platform (Existing Embankments)
10. Plaza
11. Grand Lawn – Open Exhibition Space
12. Amphitheatre
13. Exhibition Centre
14. Cafés
15. Railwaytrack
16. Entrance Court
17. Pedestrian/Bike Trail along Nullah
18. Adaptive Reuse IP Powerplant
•TheRiverfrontisenvisionedtobeaplaceofgreatdiversity,offeringactivitiesthroughouttheseasonsforpeopleofall ages.
•ConnectionofexistingtrailstotheRiverfront;creationofnewtrailsthatleaduserstotheRiverfront.•Recognizingloodplainsasecologicallyfragileareas;maintainingtheopenagriculturalcharacteroftheriverbank.•Promotedevelopmentofvegetationalbeltsintheloodplainareaforimprovingwaterqualityandenhancementof
biodiversity
•Useofloodplainareatoaugmenttreatmentofpollutionfromdiffusedsources.
The site is divided into three distinct zones (Refer page 24).
• EcologicallySensitiveZone(70.25%)• IntensiveDevelopment(28.18%)• AdaptiveReuse(1.5%)
Initial sketch looking at entrance from the road
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3.6 Design Proposal - Plan
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Section AA’ Through Nullah View B: Looking at the Food Kiosks
Pedestrian Entrance Plaza (Welcome Zone)
A
B
AA
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View A: View of the Entrance Plaza with the Railway Track
Entrance from the Road
Train Entrance PlazaThis area would have direct access – only pedestrian – from the Ring Road from Node 1(refer 3.2: Entrance Nodes,
page 54). There would be electronic trams running from the parking lot to the Entrance Plaza. It can also be accessed
via the pedestrian connection created along the Nullah running parallel to IP Metro station. Another close parking
location is the existing IP Metro station parking lot. A bridge created over the Nullah will provide access to the
Entrance Plaza from this location.
Activities in this area include a ticket counter for the train ride, food kiosks and seating plaza.
Electronic Trams – Running from Parking Lot to the Entrance Plaza(Source: Disney Theme Park)
Key Plan
Toy Train Reference Images (Source: Disney Theme Park)
Welcome Zone One: Train Entrance Plaza’
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80 81CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Weekly Haat View
Weekly Haat Plan
Entrance Plaza (Weekly Haat)
There are lots of vegetable and fruit vendors on the Old ITO Bridge. All these vendors can be accommodated in the
weekly ‘haat’ market, where they would be provided space to sell their produce once a week like a weekly farmers’
market.
For the rest of the days the space could be utilized by artists and craftsmen as exhibition space.
This space has access from node 5 directly (page 54) and has an adjacent parking lot (page 55) for ease of carrying
purchased goods.
Chhath Maidan View
Chhath Maidan Plan
Pictures of existing maidan during Festival
Chhath Maidan
The preferred use proposed for this area is for more
passive activities such as picnicking, biking, walking and the
like. There are two other suggested active uses for this
location. First, it was felt that the large open space would
adapt well to use as a concert and festival venue during
Chhath Puja. It could also be used during other festivals like
Durga Puja, Ganesh Visarjan, Dussehra.
There will be good pedestrian and bicycle access, with
limited vehicular movement. This area is accessible from
entrance node 5 & 6 (page 54).
Religious/Cultural Zone : ‘Chhath Maidan’ Intensive Development: Welcome Zone Two: Weekly ‘Haat’
Key Plan
Initial Concept SketchKey Plan
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82 83CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Initial Design Study – IP Metro Station Crossover
Initial Design Study – Section
Study Section showing railway track, pedestrian & bike pathways and board overlooking the river
Initial Design Study – Decorative Paving Pattern
(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)View Integrating river edge and rail corridor
Intensive Development: Railway Line Corridor
Birds eye view of site from Indraprastha Marg
Key Plan
Adaptive Reuse – Railway Line
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84 85CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Bird’s-eye View
Initial Study: Intensive Development Corridor
The Intensive Development Corridor would be designed along the existing railway line. It will have a mix of on-street cafés and art shops.
Intensive Development: Railway Line Corridor
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86 87CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Eye-level view of the street
Initial Study – Intensive Development Corridor
Intensive Development Corridor is envisioned as a space with cafés along the pedestrian pathway
and sidewalks with kiosks
Intensive Development: Railway Line Corridor
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88 89CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Observation Platform – Initial Study
Boardwalk/Birdwatch TrailMuch of the Yamuna Riverfront has been envisioned
to remain as natural preserve area. This will require a
signiicant commitment to the removal of noxious and
invasive plants and a revegetation and management plan.
Areas such as the existing ly-ash pond are the primary
candidates for this effort, so that these areas can be
revived ecologically.
It is proposed to have a boardwalk system that
meanders though the wetland and extends to an
overlook on the lake.
This boardwalk will provide an accessible route from
the entrance node 4 and 5 (Refer Section 3.2 Entrance
Node, Page 54).
In addition to the boardwalk, overlooks and benches,
a learning pavilion is also proposed to create a shade
canopy within the wetland and allow for outdoor
classroom space. During invasive plant removal and
revegetation there will be opportunities to educate the
public about invasive plants and how they destroy native
habitats, the advantages of a healthy wetland and the lora
and fauna that can exist within a wetland.
This walk is proposed to allow for enjoyment of the
river birdlife and associated vegetation.
The at-grade boardwalk will provide daily access to this
portion of the site regardless of weather conditions, while
limiting the pedestrian impact to this ecosystem.
Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail
Boardwalk Reference Image
Initial Study – Section through the proposed Lake and the Forest Trail
Reference Images for the Forest Trail, Boardwalk and water edge
Boardwalk Plan
Bloomingdale Line in Chicago
Ecological Zone : Boardwalk
Key Plan
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Initial Design Study
Adaptive Reuse – Solar ParkA Solar Park has been proposed where the existing
power grid is located.
The development of affordable, inexhaustible and
clean solar energy technologies will have huge long-
term beneits. It will increase the country’s energy
security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible
and mostly import-independent resource, enhance
sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of
mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower
than otherwise.
This area is directly accessible from Node 4 (page 54).
Image Source: Google
AmphitheatreThe Amphitheatre extends the adaptive reuse function
(Art Exhibition Space at ground loor, see page 94) of the
IP Power Plant building and forming an interactive space
for the public.
The grand lawn serves as an open exhibition space and
provides a link between the IP Power Plant building and
the amphithetre.
Nodes 2, 3 (page 54) provide direct access to this area.
Solar panels:
1. The sun’s rays do not cost money
2. Fast and eficient way to collect energy
3. No CO2 emissions
4. No harm to the environment
5. Reduce electricity Aerial View of Grand Lawn and Amphitheatre
Ecological Zone : Solar Park Grand Lawn and Amphitheatre
Key Plan AmphitheatreSolar ParkKey Plan
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Status of Thermal Power StationAt present the Thermal Power Station has an outer
envelope building near the Ring Road. Steel sheds, various
sheds, hoppers, training centre building, tanks and various
other permanent and semi-permanent structures exist
behind the front envelope. It is proposed to develop the
front envelope building into the oficial complex (without
dismantling it) by making the suitable changes within the
envelope, while the rest of the buildings, semi-permanent
structures etc., will be demolished.
By doing the above proposed renovation we may get the
following tangible and intangible beneits:
• The government will get the additional space
for subordinate ofices, various commissions and
corporations etc.
• By renovating the front envelope and demolishing the
other small structures from the premises, the ground
coverage will be reduced.
• It is proposed to landscape the area by creating plazas
and plantation of suitable species of trees by which the
greenery and aesthetics of the area will be enhanced.
Ofice Atrium
PublicAtrium
Pedestrian ConnectionsTo The Park
Site Entry And Connections
IP Power Plant Connectivity
(Image Source: NILA Architecture Firm) Approximate Floor Area = 20000 sq m
There is an opportunity to revitalize a part of the site by redeining the function through form of the built mass.
Creating connection to the River
Existing Building Envelope
Evolution of the Building
Existing Edge Condition
MT.
MT.
MT. 186
MT.
Towards Ring Rd.
Towards River
Existing Building Elevation
Adaptive Reuse: IP Power Plant
Key Plan
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(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)
Before After
(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)
WORK ZONE + ATRIUM + CULTURAL ZONE + GREEN CONNECTIONS
Existing Space Proposed Space
TowardsRing Road
TowardsRiver
Revised Urban Typology (Ofice overlapped with Cultural and Landscape Interface)
Adaptive Reuse: IP Power Plant
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Rivers provide critically important
ecosystem services to society, and
play an essential role in maintaining
the structure, function, and integrity
of landscapes in which the rivers
reside.
Better understanding of the
patterns and processes in river
systems requires a broader landscape
approach that goes beyond the
traditional linear and longitudinal
focus.
Such a landscape approach is
especially important for effectively
restoring and managing damaged
and/or degraded rivers.
Elemental reverence for water
as a basis for life, and the deep
cultural and experiential bonds
that water evokes. The site will
blend recreational space and
industrial incubator spaces, marrying
environmental sustainability and
economic redevelopment, with
ecologically restorative water
management and loodplain
restoration as the main concern.
This place will be ‘the’ place for all
families to spend their weekends or
evenings.
Create Identity: Educate the City
Using cultural landscape as an opportunity to increase public awareness about
the natural and cultural history of the river, thereby creating identity for the
region.
Yamuna River at present is the city’s backyard.
It is an asset to enjoy not avoid.
Restore the original ecological
integrity of the area.
Design Conclusion
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A loodplain is an area near a river or a stream which loods when the water
level reaches lood stage.
Floodplains can support particularly rich ecosystems, both in quantity and
diversity.
Floodplains in Delhi
Floodplain is a narrow strip braided by bunds extending to 94.84 sq km
(including river channel 19.31 sq km).
Forests and agriculture are the dominant land uses covering more than 90%
of the areas
45 water bodies including lakes, pools, ponds and puddles etc., identiied play
important roles in biodiversity.
Aquatic vegetation spread all across the loodplain, particularly in Okhla is of
signiicant ecological importance.
(Source: Slideshare, Ritesh Kumar, Wetland International-South Asia)
A barrage is a type of low-head diversion dam which consists of a number
of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water
passing through the structure, and thus regulate and stabilize river water
elevations upstream for use in irrigation and other systems.
The Yamuna in Delhi has three major barrages leading to delineation of four
zones within the river stretch:
Wazirabad Barrage
ITO Barrage
Okhla Barrage
It begins by deining open space as space within the urban environment which
is readily available to the community regardless of its size, design or physical
features and which is primarily intended for amenities or physical recreation,
whether active or passive.
‘Landscape’ is deined as a zone or area as perceived by local people or
visitors, whose visual features and character are the result of the action of
natural and/or cultural (that is, human) factors. This deinition relects the idea
that landscapes evolve through time, as a result of being acted upon by natural
forces and human beings. It also underlines that a landscape forms a whole,
whose natural and cultural components are taken together, and not separately.
The distinct and recognizable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a
particular type of landscape.
The individual components which make up the landscape, including, for
example, hills, valleys, rivers, woods, trees, hedges, buildings and roads. Because
they are physical and visible, they can be measured and quantiied, and they
can be described in an objective way
The term ‘sense of place’ captures the identity of places we recognize. It
embraces natural and cultural features, the distinctive sights, sounds and
experiences rooted to that place, its atmosphere and people. Places with a
strong ‘sense of place’ have a clear identity and character that is recognizable
by inhabitants and visitors alike.
A boardwalk (board walk, boarded path, promenade) is a constructed
pedestrian walkway designed as walking paths and trails over bogs and
wetlands and above fragile ecosystems; it is usually built with wood.
Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to
the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be
distinguished from other measures of population density. Urban density is
considered an important factor in understanding how cities function. Research
related to urban density occurs across diverse areas, including economics,
health, innovation, psychology and geography as well as sustainability.
The MPD emphasizes on rejuvenation of the Yamuna River and its
conservation as an important resource for the city of Delhi.
The Riverfront Development provides a unique opportunity for developing
a strong city image. Keeping this in view, broad urban design guidelines have
been formulated.
Two levels of urban design inputs are envisaged:
i) Riverfront Development: At present the width of the river bed varies
between 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms and at most sections neither the water
course nor the opposite banks are visible. In order to integrate the river
within the larger framework of the city and to bring the river closer to the
citizens, at certain stretches, ‘aesthetic’ and ‘active’ riverfront development is
desirable. These stretches may comprise the following activities/uses with full
complement of recreational activities for all sections of citizens:
a) Bathing Ghats
b) Pedestrian Boulevards
c) Landscaped Venues
ii) Wherever feasible, for short stretches of 2.3 kms, light motorways may
be developed, suitably grade separated from the pedestrian corridors to
provide exclusively for pleasure drives. Strong emphasis needs to given to
selection and design of appropriate hard and soft landscapes, signage system
and outdoor furniture. Outdoor publicity in the form of large hoardings
should be totally discouraged. Restricted three-dimensional development
is envisaged in the central areas which have good locational potential and
are either comparatively free from inundation or can be made free from
inundation expeditiously and/or at low cost.
Terms & Deinitions
Floodplain
Barrage
Open Space
Landscape
Landscape
Character
Landscape
Elements
Sense of Place
Boardwalk
Urban Density
Master Plan Delhi 2021
Zonal Development Plan
Zone ‘O’
8.8 Urban Design
Terms and Deinitions
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Name Title Memorial name Meaning Area Feature
Mahatma Gandhi Father of the Nation Rajghat Royal Steps 44.35 Acres Black marble platform
Jawaharlal Nehru Prime Minister of India Shanti Van Garden of Peace 52.6 Acres A large plinth covered by a lawn
Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Minister of India Vijay Ghat Victory Platform 40 Acres The victory alluded to in the name of the memorial is India’s performance under his leadership in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
Sanjay Gandhi Member of Parliament - - - Located adjacent to Shanti Van
Indira Gandhi Prime Minister of India Shakti Sthal Place of Power 45 Acres A huge greyish-red monolithic stone
Jagjivan Ram Deputy Prime Minister of India Samta Sthal Place of Equality 12.5 Acres -
Choudhary Charan Singh Prime Minister of India Kisan Ghat Farmer’s Platform 19 Acres -
Rajiv Gandhi Prime Minister of India Veer Bhumi Land of Brave 15 Acres A large lotus in full bloom carved out of stone, surrounded by 46 small lotuses to signify the years he lived; rocks from all the states of India are spread around.
Giani Zail Singh President of India Ekta Sthal Place of Unity 22.56 Acres -
Shankar Dayal Sharma President of India Karma Bhumi Land of Duty - Located near Vijay Ghat
Chandra Shekhar Prime Minister of India Smiriti Sthal Place of Remembrance - -
IK Gujral Prime Minister of India Smiriti Sthal Place of Remembrance - -
Devi Lal Deputy Prime Minister of India Sangharsh Sthal Place of Struggle - Located near Kisan Ghat
(Source: Wikipedia)
List of Memorials at Rajghat Area
The complete list of Rajghat and associated memorials is as follows (mentioned in the chronological order of death):
Rajghat Inscription At Rajghat Shakti Sthal Veer Bhumi Memorial of Sanjay Gandhi
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(http://www.livemint.com/Politics/vEzME2yPlKhH1lJQz63EN/Clean-Yamuna-a-mission-impossible.html)
(http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/yamuna-river-vegetables-fecal-
coliform-bacteria-sewage-intestinal-problems/1/250623.html)
(http://timesoindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Hope-loats-as-work-on-Yamuna-
picks-up/articleshow/19210909.cms)
The Yamuna might soon get a new lease of life with
Delhi Development Authority’s ambitious riverfront
development project being put on fast track. The project
will include creation of recreational spaces, revival of the
river’s lora and fauna and development of green spaces.
(March 27, 2013; Times of India; Richi Verma)
DO - Dissolve oxygen in water
BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand
FC - Indicates that the water is contaminated with human
or animal waste
TC - Total Coliform (http://www.livemint.com/Politics/RfuDIpUF3JBDEnf75m3GoK/Yamunas-sewage-burden.html)
Numerous studies have been done and articles written
on the state of River Yamuna’s quality of water and how
it in turn affects the quality of urban life in the capital
city.
According to an expert committee appointed by the SC,
the total installed sewage treatment capacity in Delhi is
2,460 million litres per day (MLD) as against the sewage
generation of about 3,800 MLD.
According to the committee’s report, 1,360 million
litres of sewage water low into the river each day mainly
from Najafgarh drain. Much of the 850 million gallons
of water that Delhi needs every day comes from the
Yamuna River. In return, the city cleans up about 544.72
million gallons of the wastewater it generates and allows
the rest to low into the river untreated. A Central
Pollution Control Board report pointed out that 45% of
the homes in Delhi are not even connected to a sewage
network, making the national capital one of the biggest
contributors to the river’s pollution.(source: livemint.com and indiatoday.com)
(source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk)
The multi-crore Yamuna Action Plan – the core project aimed at cleaning the 22 km stretch of the river along the
capital – has not yet shown any sign of improving the quality of the river, even years after its conception.
The Yamuna Action Plan at Delhi Phase I had a sanctioned project cost of Rs 152.21 crore. The Phase II of the
programme was formulated from January 2007 onwards. The total cost sanctioned was Rs 387.17 crore.
It was multilayered project under which facilities were to be created to ensure polluted water is kept away from the river.(source: dailymail.co.uk, By Mail Today Bureau in New Delhi)
Newspaper Articles on River Yamuna
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104 CITY LEVEL PROJECT
DDA Public Notice
Newspaper Articles on Yamuna
There has been a tremendous amount of work done for River Yamuna and several websites are dedicated to the
present plight of the river.
Here is a list of few such sites:
http://www.saveyamuna.org/
http://yamunakatha.blogspot.com/
http://dda.org.in/greens/biodiv/yamuna-biodiversity-park.html
http://www.azadindia.org/save-yamuna-campaign.html
http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/iles/NRCD/index.html
http://www.artoliving.org/meri-dilli-meri-yamuna
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/crisis/River-yamuna.htm
http://www.brajfoundation.org/yamuna_revitalisation.html
http://www.yamunawaterkeeper.org/subject-tags/yamuna-action-plan
http://fore.research.yale.edu/iles/Sharma_and_Kansal-Yamuna_Action_Plan.pdf
http://www.rowfoundation.org/row/gysummary.html
http://moef.gov.in/report/0102/chap06.html#rd_nrcpgapry
Delhi Urban Art Commission
The Delhi Urban Art Commission was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1973
to “advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing
and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within
Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any
project of building operations or engineering operations or any development
proposal which affects or is like to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality of
the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”.
(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)
fnYyh uxj dyk vk;ksxDelhi Urban Art Commission
Tel: 24619593, 24618607, 24690821, 24636191, Fax: 24648970
Email: [email protected] Website: www.duac.org
(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)