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cÖfve| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k †h mKj cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi wkKvi n‡”Q Zv n‡jv eb¨v, Liv,

R‡jv”Q¡vm, b`xfv½b, mvB‡K¬vb, U‡b©‡Wv cÖf…wZ| GB mKj cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ cÖK…wZ

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cvV - 9.3 : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vMmg~n

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I MwZ, Av`ª©Zv, e„wócvZ cÖf…wZ n‡jv AvenvIqvi Dcv`vb| AvenvIqvi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni ZviZ‡gï cwigv‡ci

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ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©b n‡jv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó AÂj ev GjvKvi `xN©‡gqv‡` AvenvIqvi cwieZ©b| Avgiv Rvwb, cÖK…wZi

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wewKwiZ ev cÖwZdwjZ nq| cÖK…wZi GB †kvlY I wewKi‡Yi wbq‡g †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó n‡jB Rjevqyi

cwieZ©b N‡U| c„w_exi Rjevqy AZx‡ZI cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q Ges fwel¨‡ZI cwiewZ©Z n‡e e‡j Rjevqy weÁvbxMY

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ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j hv êwkK Dòvqb (Global Warming) bv‡g cwiwPZ| c„w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq eûwea

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1| AwZgvÎvq Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi eënvi e„w×|

2| hvbevn‡bi A`»xf~Z Kve©b †hgb- Kve©b g‡bv-A·vBW (CO), Kve©b WvB-A·vBW (CO2), mvjdvi WvB-

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3| †ZRw¯Œq `~lY †hgb- 1986 mv‡j ivwkqvi †Pi‡bvwej cwigvbweK `yN©Ubv|

4| wkíKviLvbvi wbM©Z †auvqv I welv³ eR© Ges wk‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi AwZgvÎvq wkívqb|

5| AcwiKwíZfv‡e ebf~wg DRvo A_ev ebf~wg GjvKvq we¯Í……Z `vevbj|

6| gvby‡li wejvmeûj Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ ‘ZK…Z mvgMÖx (†hgb- Gqvi KwÛkbvi, cÖmvab mvgMÖx, cøvw÷K

mvgMÖx)|

7| RbmsL¨vi AwZwi³ e„w× I Amg e›Ub|

8| I‡Rvb ¯Í…i ¶q n‡q m~h© †_‡K AvMZ ¶wZKi AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥ c„w_ex c„‡ô †cuŠQv‡bv|

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9| K…wl‡¶‡Î AwZgvÎvq mvi I KxUbvkK eënv‡ii d‡j cvwb `~wlZ n‡q fvimvg¨ webó nIqv|

10| dm‡ji Aewkóvsk cPb I avb‡ÿZ †_‡K D™¢~Z wg‡_b|

11| m~‡h©i kw³ Drcv`‡bi n«vm-e„w× (G n«vm-e„w× wbf©i K‡i †mŠi`xwß Pµ ev Sunspot Cycle Gi Dci)|

12| Av‡MœqwMwii AMœy¨rcvZmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK I gvbem„ó KviY|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I evsjv‡`‡ki wec`vcbœZv (Climate Change and Vulnerability of Bangladesh) : c„w_ex

e¨vcx Rjevqyi †h cwieZ©b n‡”Q Zvi avivevwnKZvq mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q evsjv‡`‡kI wKQz wKQz bgybv cwijw¶Z n‡”Q|

wb‡gœ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖfvemg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-

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eQi a‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, c„w_exi cwieZ©bkxj Rjevqyi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ FZzi AvMgb Ges cÖ ’v‡bi

mgqKv‡ji mvgvb¨ cwieZ©b n‡”Q| †hgb-Avlvp I kªveY gvm el©vKvj n‡jI Avwk¦b gv‡mI fvix e„wócvZ n‡Z

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†`‡ki DËivÂ‡j iv‡Z cÖPÐ kxZ Abyf~Z nq Ges †jc, Kuv_v gywo w`‡q Nygv‡Z nq| †`‡ki DËivÂ‡j we‡kl

K‡i iscyi, w`bvRcyi, VvKziMuvI, cÂMo cÖf…wZ †Rjvq kxZ FZzi c‡iI AvKv‡k `ycyi ch©šÍ Nb Kzqvkv †`Lv

hvq, hv c~‡e© KLbI †`Lv hvqwb| GQvov kir, †ngšÍ, kxZ I MÖx®§ FZzi †h wbR¯ êwkó¨ wQj ZviI wKQzUv

cwieZ©b j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q| MÖx®§Kv‡j KLbI KLbI Zxeª Mig c‡o Ges Zv GKvav‡i K‡qKw`b ch©šÍ weivRgvb

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gvby‡li Rb¨ Zv LyeB A¯w¯Í…Ki| d‡j eû cÖvYnvwb N‡U _v‡K|

2. giygqZv : cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY Kg n‡j Ges ¯’vwbK wePv‡i Zv mgfv‡e ew›UZ bv n‡j

giygqZv †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y DËi-cwðg I cwðg-`w¶YvÂ‡j

Livi cÖ‡Kvc †`Lv hvq| Rjevqyi g„`y cwieZ©b n‡j Livi e¨vwß AviI evo‡e Ges Liv KewjZ GjvKvi cwiwaI

e„w× cv‡e| Gi d‡j avb, Mg, Avjymn wewfbœ K…wl c‡bï Drcv`b cÖfvweZ n‡e|

3. A¯vfvweK eb¨v I b`xi cÖevn n«vm : evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡Z eb¨v GKwU ¯vfvweK NUbv| eb¨v GKw`‡K †hgb

¶wZ K‡i Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb DcKviI K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Nb Nb Ges

`xN© ’vqx eb¨v j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q| †hgb- 1974, 1988, 1995, 1998 I 2007 mv‡j eb¨v wQj cÖjqsKvix Ges

G‡Z Rvbgv‡ji e¨vcK ¶q¶wZ mvwaZ nq| GQvov 2016 mv‡jI jvjgwbinvU, KzwoMÖvg, MvBevÜv, wmivRMÄ,

Rvgvjcyi, mybvgMÄmn †`‡ki ga¨vÂ‡ji wewfbœ †Rjvq eb¨v cwiw¯’wZ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| eb¨vi G aviv Ae¨vnZ

_vK‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z `xN©‡gqv`x cÖfve cwijw¶Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K IPCC Gi Z_¨vbyhvqx, 2030 mv‡ji ci

G‡`‡ki b`xi cvwbi cÖevn A‡bK K‡g hv‡e| hv BwZg‡a¨ A‡bK b`x‡Z †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| A‡bK b`x ïaygvÎ

el©vKv‡j mPj _v‡K Ges ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g cvwb cÖevn G‡Kev‡i K‡g hvq|

4. K…wl I grm¨ m¤ú` : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ g~jZ K…wl wbf©i| †`‡ki cÖvq yB-Z…Zxqvsk gvbyl K…wli mv‡_ m¤ú„³|

Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ jeYv³Zv, ¯í ev AwaK ZvcgvÎv K…wli Drcv`b e¨vnZ Ki‡e Ges hv BwZg‡a¨ wewfbœ

AÂ‡j †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡k c~‡e©i g‡Zv †`kxq gvQ Avi cvIqv hvq bv| gv‡Q fv‡Z evOvwj cÖev`wU

AvR Avi †mfv‡e D”PvwiZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j gv‡Qi Avevm ’j, Lv`¨ msMÖn Ges cÖRbb

cÖwµqvq weNœ N‡U| 32

0

†mjwmqv‡mi AwaK ZvcgvÎv n‡j A‡bK gvQI g‡i †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov D”P ZvcgvÎv

†ivM-RxevYy Rb¥v‡Z mnvqZv Kivq gv‡Qi †ivM cÖebZv †e‡o wM‡q cÖRvwZ ûgwKi gy‡L co‡Z cv‡i|

5. Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ n«vm : Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve BwZg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨ cwijw¶Z n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡ki

cÖvq 39 cÖRvwZi cÖvwY ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi, wPÎv nwiY, ARMi, ey‡bv nuvm,



Kv‡jv nuvm, bxj MvB, ey‡bv gwnl, wgVv cvwbi Kzwgi, Nwiqvj cÖf…wZ| aviYv Kiv nq, RjevqyRwbZ cwieZ©‡bi

d‡j evsjv‡`‡k 30 kZvsk Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ aŸsm n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| eb weÁvbxM‡Yi g‡Z, evsjv‡`‡k 125wUi g‡Zv

e„¶ cÖRvwZ wecbœ cÖvq| Gi g‡a¨ Kv÷j I Jlwa Dw™¢` we`¨gvb| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j my›ìe‡bi

Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ ¶wZMÖ ’ nIqvi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q|

6. N~wY©So : Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Nb Nb I aŸsmvZ¡K N~wY©S‡oi msL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q| weMZ K‡qK `k‡K

evsjv‡`‡k †ek K‡qKwU D‡jø L‡hvM¨ N~wY©So msNwUZ n‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk N~wY©So `w¶Y I `w¶Y-c~e©vÂ‡j

AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q| wb‡gœ K‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ N~wY©So msNwUZ nIqvi mgqKvj D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:

mviwY 9.1. 1: evsjv‡`‡ki msNwUZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ N~wY©Somg~n

msNwUZ nIqvi mvj N~wY©S‡oi bvg

12 b‡f¤i, 1970 µvšÍxq N~wY©So

29 b‡f¤i, 1988 µvšÍxq N~wY©So

29 GwcÖj, 1991 µvšÍxq N~wY©So

15 b‡f¤i, 2007 wmWi

25 †g, 2009 AvBjv

7. DcK~jxq GjvKv : DcK~jxq †Rvqvi-fuvUvi †mªvZ, eb¨v, b`x ¶q, jeYv³Zv cÖf…wZi Øviv DcK~jxq GjvKv

¶wZMÖ ’ nq| mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv †e‡o †M‡j DcK~jxq GjvKvi A‡bK gvbyl DØv¯‘ n‡q hv‡e| G‡¶‡Î G

AÂ‡j emevmKvix 30 wgwjqb gvbyl I bvbv cÖRvwZi RxeRš‘, m¤ú` cÖf…wZ ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡Z cv‡i|

8. Lv`¨ wbivcËv : Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j A‡b‡KB K…wl Rwg nviv‡e| evsjv‡`‡k msNwUZ N~wY©So, wmWi, AvBjv

cÖf…wZi cÖfv‡e wKQz Rwg‡Z mvgwqK Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y Drcv`b e¨vnZ

n‡j Lv`¨ wbivcËv wewNœZ n‡e| hwÌ eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k cÖavb Lv`¨ avb Drcv`‡b cÖvq ¯vej¤x|

9. jeYv³Zvi cwigvY : Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv e„w× †c‡q `w¶YvÂ‡ji bZzb bZzb

GjvKv cøvweZ n‡j jeYv³Zvi cwigvY †e‡o hv‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji DcK~jxq Lyjbv, ev‡MinvU

I mvZ¶xiv †Rjvi cÖvq 13% K…wl Rwg BwZg‡a¨B jeYv³Zvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| 2050 mvj bvMv` Zv 16% Ges

2100 mvj bvMv` 18% G †cuŠQv‡e e‡j Avk¼v Kiv n‡”Q| myZivs ejv hvq †h, mgy`ª c„‡ôi cvwb e„w×

evsjv‡`k‡K bvbvfv‡e cÖfvweZ Ki‡e Ges msKUgq Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡e|

10. ¯v¯’ SzuwK : Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j eb¨v, N~wY©So cÖf…wZi gvÎv †e‡o †M‡j `y‡h©vM cieZ©x wewfbœ †ivM- RxevYy

Qov‡e hv Rb¯v¯’ SzuwK e„w× Ki‡e| G ai‡bi `y‡h©v‡Mi c‡i bvbvwea †ivM †hgb- K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv, Pg©mn

Ab¨vb¨ msµvgK †ivM †e‡o hv‡e| GQvov Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j A¨vb_ªv‡·i g‡Zv A‡bK cÖvYNvZx

†ivM-RxevYyI m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|

11. ebvÂj : Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv e„w× I N~wY©S‡oi gvÎv †e‡o †M‡j ebf~wgi

DciI cÖfve co‡e| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv hw` 45 †mw›UwgUvi ev‡o, Zvn‡j GKgvÎ

g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡bi 75% cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q hv‡e| Avi hw` mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 1 wgUvi e„w× cvq Zvn‡j cÖvq cy‡iv

my›ìeb I Gi Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ aŸs‡mi gy‡LvgywL n‡e| GQvov AwaK nv‡i eb-R½j aŸsm Kivi d‡j evqygÐ‡j

Kve©b WvB-A·vBW Gi cwigvY †e‡o hv‡e Ges ZvcgvÎvI e„w× cv‡e|

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Rjevqy cwieZ©b I AvšÍR©vwZK †cÖ¶vcU (Climate Change and International Perspective)

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I Gi cÖfve| Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ cÖfve g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ 1988 mv‡j MwVZ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Gi PZz_© g~j¨vqb wi‡cvU© (AR4) Abyhvqx, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve ax‡i ax‡i e„w×

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e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ eû cÖRvwZi Dw™¢ I cÖvwYK~j wejyß n‡e| hv Dw™¢ I cÖvwYi emev‡mi AbyK~j cwi‡e‡k mivmwi

AvNvZ nvbvi ga¨ w`‡q aŸsm mvab Ki‡e|

1961-2003 mvj ch©šÍ cÖwZ eQi 1.8 †mw›UwgUvi mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| 2080 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mgy`ª

c„‡ôi D”PZv 34 †mw›UwgUvi ch©šÍ evo‡Z cv‡i e‡j weÁvbxMY aviYv Ki‡Qb| G‡Z evsjv‡`kmn gvjØxc, wgki,

wf‡qZbvg, wdwR, wKwievwZ cÖf…wZ †`‡ki DcK~jxq AÂj mgy`ªM‡f© wejxb n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov K…wl Rwg

jeYv³ n‡q Drcv`b ¶gZv n«vm cv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K bvwZkx‡Zvò I welye‡iLvi †_‡K `~ieZ©x AÂ‡j cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv

†e‡o hv‡e Ges welye‡iLvi wbKUeZ©x I gvSvgvwS ¯’v‡b cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv K‡g hv‡e| A_©vr †Kv‡bv AÂ‡j eb¨vi gvÎv

cÖKU n‡e Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv AÂ‡j Liv †`Lv w`‡e| GKB mv‡_ wek¦e¨vcx N~wY©So msNU‡bi nviI e„w× cv‡e hv

BwZg‡a¨ †`Lv †h‡Z ïiy K‡i‡Q Ges Zv AviI e„w× cv‡e| GQvov Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y mgy‡`ªi cvwbi

ZvcgvÎv e„w×, f~-Mf© ’ cvwbi ¯Í…i wb‡P †b‡g hvIqv, gvwUi De©iZv n«vm, cÖvK…wZK Rjvk‡qi Drm webó nIqv,

Lv‡`¨ AwbivcËv, ev¯‘ms¯’v‡bi Pµ webó, I‡Rvb ¯Í…‡ii Kvh©µg bó nIqv, mgy‡`ª Aw·‡Rb `ªexf~Z nIqvi cwigvY

K‡g hvIqvmn wewfbœ ai‡bi ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q c„w_exevmx| GQvov AmsL¨ gvbyl ev¯‘Py¨Z n‡q kibv_©x n‡e|

wk¶v_©xi KvR

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡k †h mKj cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i Zv GKwU

Q‡K Zz‡j a‡i ch©vqµ‡g eY©bv Kiyb|

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Rjevqy cwieZ©b AvR wek¦e¨vcx DrKÉvi GK ¸iyZi KviY wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| gvby‡li eûwea Kg©KvÐB g~jZ

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx| GQvov cÖvK…wZK KviYI i‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki FZzi

cwieZ©b, Liv, A¯vfvweK eb¨v, K…wl I grm¨ m¤ú` Drcv`b n«vm, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ n«vm, N~wY©Somn wewfbœ mgm¨v

†`Lv hv‡e AwaK gvÎvq| Avi êwk¦Kfv‡e ZvcgvÎv e„w× DcK~jxq AÂ‡j cøvweZ nIqvmn cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi

gvÎvI e„w× cv‡e Ges wewNœZ n‡e gvby‡li ¯vfvweK Rxeb| ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq

wekevmx‡K HKë×fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|



cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.1

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| weMZ GKkZ eQ‡i c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv KZ wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm e„w× †c‡q‡Q?

(K) 0.74 †mjwmqvm (L) 0.84 †mjwmqvm

(M) 0.94 †mjwmqvm (N) 2.04 †mjwmqvm

2| evsjv‡`‡ki KZ cÖRvwZi cÖvwY ûgwKi m¤§yLxb?

(K) 29wU (L) 39wU

(M) 49wU (N) 59wU

3| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY-

i. wek Dòvqb

ii. Rxevk¥ R¦vjvwb eënvi e„w×

iii. hvbevnb †_‡K wbM©Z †avuqv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii

weÁvb BDwbU-9


wPÎ 9.2.1 RbmsL¨v e„w×i cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v

cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n

D‡Ïk¨


cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã

cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v

cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n

cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK mgm¨v †_‡K wfbœZi| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i me©v‡c¶v msKUgq cwiw¯’wZ n‡”Q

Avgv‡ì cwi‡ek| G msK‡Ui †cQ‡b KwZcq cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v KvR Ki‡Q| e¨vcK nv‡i RbmsL¨v e„w×, wkívqb,

bMivqb cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y cÖK…wZ Zvi ¯vfvweKZv a‡i ivL‡Z m¶g n‡”Q bv| d‡j m„wó n‡”Q cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v| wb‡¤œ

cÖavb cÖavb cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:

1. RbmsL¨v e„w× : cwi‡e‡kMZ mgm¨vmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv RbmsL¨v

e„w×| Avi cwi‡ekMZ Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v m„wói g~j KviYI gvbyl wb‡RB|

eZ©gv‡b we‡k RbmsL¨v cÖvq 6.6 wewjqb (1 wewjqb= 100 †KvwU)|

RbmsL¨v e„w×i G aviv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j 2050 mvj bvMv` Zv cÖvq 10

wewjq‡b ùvov‡e| RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j Avev`x Rwg I ebR m¤ú`

e¨vcKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡e| †Kbbv AwaK RbmsL¨vi Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨

Avev`x Rwg I ebvÂj †K‡U evm¯’vb, wk¶v cÖwZôvb, wPwKrmv‡K›`ª,

wkíKviLvbv, nvU-evRvi cÖf…wZ ¯’vcb Kiv nq|

1991-92 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k Drcvw`Z †gvU Lv`¨k‡mï cwigvY wQj 19.32 wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub hv 2010-11

mv‡j ùvovq cÖvq 36.06 wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub Ges 2013-14 mv‡j Zv e„w× †c‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q cÖvq 38.17 wgwjqb

†gwUªK Ub| wKš‘ cÖwZ eQiB Drcv`b e„w×i ciI Lv`¨ NvUwZ †_‡K hv‡”Q AwZwi³ RbmsL¨vi Rb¨| myZivs

ejv hvq †h, RbmsL¨v e„w× GKwU cÖavb cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v|

2. bMivqb : `ªyZ Ges AcwiKwíZ bMivqb GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v| bMivqb n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv

†hLv‡b GK ai‡bi Rxebaviv cwiewZ©Z n‡q Ab¨ GK Rxebaviv M„nxZ nq| A_©vr †h cÖwµqvq gvbyl MÖvgxb

mnR-mij Rxebaviv‡K AwZµg K‡i bMixi êwPÎ¨c~Y© Rxebaviv MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K bMivqb e‡j| we‡k¦i Mo

bMivq‡bi nvi 38% n‡jI evsjv‡`‡k G nvi 21%| Z‡e Z…Zxq we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡ki Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡ki

bMivqb µgea©vgb nv‡i m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q| AcwiKwíZ bMivq‡bi d‡j bvbvwea mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| Gi g‡a¨

Ab¨Zg n‡jv- M„nvqb I ew¯Í…, ¯v¯’ I wPwKrmv, mvgvwRK wew”QbœZv, cvwievwiK wbivcËvnxbZv, Aciva cÖeYZv,

bMixq f~wgnxbZv, bMixq `vwi`ª, †eKviZ¡, bMixq †mev I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM- myweavi Afve|

3. wkívqb : wkívqb gvbe mf¨Zv‡K Dbœq‡bi ¯Y©wkL‡i †cuŠ‡Q w`‡jI ¶wZKi cÖfve wn‡m‡e cwi‡ek‡K ¶wZMÖ Í…

K‡i cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ gvivZ¥K cwi‡ekMZ ûgwKi m„wó Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wkívqb cÖwµqv `ªyZ m¤cÖmvwiZ

nIqvq wkíeR© cwi‡ek‡K `~wlZ Ki‡Q|

cvV-9.2



wPÎ 9.2.2 b`xfv½b

4. cvwb ~lY I weï× cvwbi msKU : weï× cvwb msK‡Ui Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv cvwb `~lY| cvwb `~l‡Yi d‡j cvwbi

eënvh©Zv webó nq| wkí eR© cvwbi Aw·‡R‡bi (Dissolved Oxygen) Kwg‡q †`q Ges emevmKvix Rxe I

Dw™¢ cwiwgZ Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡e (Biological Oxygen Demand) ¶wZMÖ ’ nq| wek¦e¨vcx weï× cvwb msK‡Ui

Kvi‡Y A‡bK gvbyl ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡q kibv_©x n‡q hv‡e|

5. eb¨Rxeb I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ : gvbe mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvby‡li wµqvKvh© cwi‡ek‡K Ggbfv‡e wewNœZ

Ki‡Q †h eb¨Rxeb I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ AvR ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| †hgb-

evsjv‡`‡ki eb¨Rxeb I Rxe‰ewP‡Îï Avavi my›ìe‡bI

gvby‡li eûgyLx Kvh©Kjv‡ci d‡j ev¯‘ms¯’vwbK cwieZ©b NU‡Q

hv GKwU Ab¨Zg cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v|

6. b`xfv½b : Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡k b`xfv½b GKwU

cÖavb cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v| el©vKv‡j wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o GB

mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| K…wl Rwg, RbemwZ, nvU-evRvi, kni-e›ì

b`xfv½‡b wejxb n‡q hvq (wPÎ 9.2.2)| G‡`‡k cÙv, †gNbv,

hgybv, wZ¯Í…v cÖf…wZ b`xi fv½‡b AmsL¨ †jvK ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡q wbt¯ n‡q co‡Q |

5. mvgyw`ªK `~lY : mvgyw`ªK `~l‡Yi cÖavb Drm kn‡ii wkíeR© , b`xevwnZ AveR©bv, RvnvR †_‡K wbM©Z †Zj,

cvigvbweK we‡ùviY cÖf…wZ| Gme c`v_© cvwbi ¸YMZ gv‡bi AebwZ NUvq| d‡j RjR Dw™¢ I cªvwYi

eske„w× e¨vnZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶‡Y Aew¯’Z e‡½vcmvM‡iI mv¤úªwZK mg‡q `~lYgvÎv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| d‡j

¶wZMÖ ’ n‡”Q mvgyw`ªK cwi‡ek| wewNœZ n‡”Q Mj`v I evM`v wPswoi cÖRbb ¯’j| GQvov DcK~jxq GjvKvi

ev¯‘Zš¿ (Ecosystem) ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡”Q|

7. Av‡m©wbK `~lY : Av‡m©wbK n‡”Q GK cÖKvi ivmvqwbK c`v_© hv f~-Mf© ’ cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Ae¯’vq _v‡K| GwU

GKwU welv³ †gŠwjK c`v_©| Av‡m©wbK wgwkªZ cvwb cvb Ki‡j cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq Av‡m©wb‡Kvwmm bvgK †ivM nq|

evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g Av‡m©wbK `~lY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ïiy nq 1984 mv‡j| NIPSOM Gi Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g cÖvß Z‡_¨

Rvbv †M‡Q, †`‡ki 64wU †Rjvi g‡a¨ 41wU †RjviB bjK~‡ci cvwb‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎvi †P‡q AwaK gvÎvq

Av‡m©wbK i‡q‡Q| myZivs GwU GKwU fqven cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

8. evqy `~lY : evqy `~lY cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vg~‡ni g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evqy wewfbœfv‡e `~wlZ nq Ges Zv `ªyZ we¯Í…vi

jvf K‡i| we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki b¨vq evsjv‡`‡kI evqy `~lY N‡U _v‡K hvbevnb †_‡K wbM©Z †auvqv,

KjKviLvbvi †auvqv, Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb I †c‡Uªvwjqvg `nb cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y| evqy `~l‡Yi Avk¼vRbK cwiYwZ MÖxb

nvDR cÖwZwµqv (Green House Effect) hv c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv evwo‡q †`q| GQvov evqy `~l‡Yi d‡j wewfbœ cÖKvi

†ivM-RxevYy Qwo‡q c‡o|

9. kã `~lY : gvby‡li ¯vfvweK kªeY ¶gZvi AwZwi³ AvIqvRB kã `~lY| gvby‡li kªeYh‡š¿i ¯vfvweK aviY

¶gZv 1-75 †Wwmej| wKš‘ 85 †Wwmej A_ev Zvi AwaK n‡j GKRb gvbyl kÖeY ÿgZv nvwi‡q †dj‡e| kã

`~lY cÖvK…wZK Ges gvbem„ó Dfq Kvi‡YB n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e gvbem„ó KviYB gyL¨| kã `~l‡Yi d‡j kvixwiK I

gvbwmK ¶wZ nq| mvaviYZ knivÂ‡j cwi‡ekMZ GB mgm¨v AwaK n‡q _v‡K|

11. jeYv³Zv : e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ b`x¸‡jvi cvwb cÖevn n«vm cvIqvi ìyY `w¶Y-cwð‡g DRv‡bi w`‡K µ‡gB

jeYv³ cvwb Xz‡K co‡Q Ges †MvUv AÂ‡j µgea©gvb jeYv³Zv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| Lyjbv, mvZ¶xiv,

ev‡MinvU, h‡kvi I †MvcvjMÄ jeYv³Zvq we‡klfv‡e ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡q‡Q| d‡j K…wl, grm¨ Pvl, ebvqb, kw³

Drcv`b, wkí I Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µg we‡klfv‡e ¶wZMÖ Í… n‡”Q|

weÁvb BDwbU-9


wk¶v_©xi KvR

Avcbvi GjvKvi cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ Kiyb|

mvivsk

cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v‡K eûwea ¶wZi KviY wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| weke¨vcx eûwea cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v

cwijw¶Z nq| Gme mgm¨vi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv RbmsL¨v e„w×| gvby‡li eûgyLx Kg©KvÛB cwi‡ek‡K cÖfvweZ

K‡i _v‡K| d‡j †`Lv †`q AcwiKwíZ bMivqb, wkívqb, cvwb `~lY, weï× cvwbi msKU cÖf…wZ| G mKj msKU

†_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ cwi‡ekevÜe c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|



1| wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v?

K) RbmsL¨v e„w× L) ebvqb

M) mvgvwRK wbivcËv N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq

2| evqy `~l‡Yi KviY-

i. hvbevn‡bi †auvqv

ii. KjKviLvbvi †auvqv

iii. †c‡Uªvwjqvg `nb


K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

3| evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb †Rjvi g„wËKvq jeYv³Zv †`Lv hvq?

K) Lyjbv L) mvZ¶xiv

M) h‡kvi N) me¸‡jv mwVK



wPÎ 9.3.2 : evsjv‡`‡ki Liv

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vMmg~n

D‡Ïk¨


evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vMnmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vMmg~‡ni KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã

cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM, eb¨v, Liv, mvB‡K¬vb, U‡b©‡Wv, Kvj‰ekvLx

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK y‡hvM©mg~n

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM evsjv‡`‡k bZzb bq| Z‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y eZ©gv‡b cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi msL¨v Ges ZxeªZv

e„w× †c‡q‡Q| c~e©eZ©x cvVmg~‡n Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi evsjv‡`k I AvšÍR©vwZK †cÖ¶vcU I cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨vmg~n

Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ cv‡V evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vMmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

eb¨v (Flood)

b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ eb¨v ¯^vfvweK cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM

(wPÎ 9.3.1)| cÖwZeQiB †`‡ki †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv AÂj

c�vweZ nq Ges Rvbgv‡ji e¨vcK ¶wZ nq, hv KL‡bv

cÖjqsKix iƒc aviY K‡i| †hgb 1974, 1987, 1988, 1990,

1995, 2004 I 2007 mv‡ji eb¨v wQj cÖjqsKix| evsjv‡`‡k

wewfbœ Kvi‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi eb¨v msNwUZ nq| †hgb-‡gŠmygx

eb¨v, AwZe„wóRwbZ eb¨v, AvKw¯§K eb¨v I DcK‚jxq eb¨v|

eb¨vi KviY : eR©¨ Aeë¯’vcbv, b`xfv½b I b`xLb‡bi Afv‡e

evsjv‡`‡ki b`xmg~‡ni cvwb aviY¶gZv K‡g †M‡Q| hvi ìyY

AwZe„wó, fvixel©Y Ges DRv‡bi †`k fviZ, †bcvj, fzUvb I

Pxb n‡Z Xj AvKv‡i †b‡g Avmv cvwb Lye mn‡RB b`xi K‚j Qvwc‡q cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKv‡K cøvweZ K‡i| Aciw`‡K

evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk GjvKv mgZj nIqvq Ges cvwb wb¯‹vk‡bi ch©vß myweav bv _vKvq e„wói cvwb R‡g bMi eb¨v

†`Lv †`q| GQvovI cvnvwo GjvKvq cvnvwo e„wócv‡Zi Kvi‡Y nVvr eb¨v (Flash Flood) †`Lv hvq|

Liv (Drought) : hLb †Kvb GjvKvq ev AÂ‡j hLb

gvwU‡Z cvwbi cwigvY n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K, cvwb ïb¨ n‡q hvq,

d‡j MvQcvjv I km¨ Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i bv Ges gvwU †du‡U

†PŠwPi n‡q hvq, ZLb GBiƒc Ae¯’v‡K Liv e‡j (wPÎ

9.3.2)| hwÌ we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k Livi msÁv wfbœ| †hgb

weªwUkiv GKUvbv `yB mßvn 0.25 wgwjwgUv‡ii Kg e„wócvZ

n‡j Zv‡K Liv e‡j| ivwkqv‡Z GKUvbv 10 w`b †gvU 5

wgwjwgUv‡ii †ewk e„wó bv n‡j Zv‡K Liv e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k

1978-79 mv‡j fqven Liv nq| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki

cvV-9.3

wPÎ 9.3.1 : evsjv‡`‡ki eb¨v

weÁvb BDwbU-9


wPÎ 9.3.2 : DcK‚jxq mvB‡K¬vb

DËi cwðgvÂ‡ji ivRkvnx, PvcvBbeveMÄ, w`bvRcyi, e¸ov, Kzwóqv I h‡kvi †Rjv Livi Rb¨ SuywKc~Y©| GB

AÂ‡j el©v †gŠmy‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq e„wócvZ I cvwbi Afv‡e †ivcv Avgb Avev‡ì Amyweav nq Ges djbI K‡g

hvq| Avevi kxZ †gŠmy‡gI e„wócv‡Zi Zzjbvq AwaK gvÎvq ev®úxfe‡bi Kvi‡Y gvwUi Av`ª©Zv K‡g hvq Ges

iwek‡mï dj‡b (jvD, wmg, euvavKwc, dzjKwc, MvRi, mwilv, Avjy) e¨vcK ¶wZ nq|

Livi KviY : evsjv‡`‡k Livi cÖavb KviY `xN©Kvjxb ï®‹ AvenvIqv, ch©vß cwigvY e„wócv‡Zi AcÖZzjZv Ges

Mfxi bjK‚‡ci mvnv‡h¨ AwZwi³ f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi D‡Ëvjb| GQvovI b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ©b, DRvb †_‡K cvwb

cÖZ¨vnvi, cvwb msi¶Y cÖwµqvi Afve, I‡Rvb ¯Í…‡ii ¶q BZ¨vwÌ Liv m„wói Rb¨ `vqx|

mvB‡K¬vb ev N~wY©So (Cyclone)

mvB‡K¬vb ev N~wY©So n‡jv DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji cÖvK…wZK

`y‡h©vM| N~wY©S‡oi mgq DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji evqycªev‡ni

D”P ZvcgvÎv I wbgœPvcRwbZ Kvi‡Y cÖej‡e‡M

RjfvM †_‡K ¯’jfv‡Mi w`‡K N~Y©b AvKv‡i cÖevwnZ

nq Ges ¯’jfv‡M e¨vcK ¶wZmvab K‡i| G‡K

mvB‡K¬vb e‡j|

wMÖK kã ÔKyklosÕ, †_‡K mvB‡K¬vb kãwUi DrcwË|

hvi A_© Coil of Snakes ev mv‡ci KzÐjx (wPÎ

9.3.3)| mviv we‡k¦ N~wY©So wewfbœ bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hgb-Pxb I Rvcv‡bi DcK‚‡j UvBdzb, `w¶Y Gwkqv‡Z

mvB‡K¬vb, DËi I `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv‡Z nvwi‡Kb, `~icÖv‡Pï †`k¸‡jv‡Z UvBdzb, wdwjcvB‡bi DcK‚‡j ev¸B

Ges A‡÷ªwjqvi DcK‚‡j DBwj DBwj ejv nq| evsjv‡`‡k GwcÖj-†g Ges A‡±vei-b‡f¤î gv‡m mgy‡`ª N~wY©So

†ewk †`Lv hvq| 1991, 2007 I 2009 mv‡ji N~wY©So wQj mePvB‡Z cÖjqsKix| 1991 mv‡ji N~wY©S‡o cÖvq

1 j¶ 40 nvRvi cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q| 2007 I 2009 mv‡ji mvB‡K¬v‡b (h_vµ‡g wmWi I AvBjv) h_vµ‡g 10

nvRvi I 7 nvRvi †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q| GQvov j¶ j¶ gvbyl M„nnxb n‡q c‡o‡Q|

mvB‡K¬vb m„wói KviY : mvB‡K¬vb m„wó nq Mfxi mgy‡`ª Ges AvNvZ nv‡b DcK‚jxq GjvKvq| GB `y‡h©vM m„wói

cÖavb KviY n‡jv D”P ZvcgvÎv I wb¤œPvc| mvaviYZ GB ZvcgvÎv 26.5-27 wWMÖx †mjwmqv‡mi †ewk nIqv

cÖ‡qvRb Ges S‡oi mgq evqycÖev‡ni MwZ‡eM 65 wK‡jvwgUvi ev ZviI †ewk nq| e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖvq mviv

eQiB GBiƒc ZvcgvÎv we`¨gvb| GQvovI †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k mvB‡K¬v‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ

SuywKc~Y© †`k|

U‡b©‡Wv (Tornado) : U‡b©‡Wv kãwUi DrcwË ¯ú¨vwbk kã ÔTornadaÕ †_‡K hvi A_© Thunder storm ev kã

eRªSo| mvB‡K¬v‡bi b¨vq U‡b©‡Wv m„wói g~j KviYI n‡jv evqyi wb¤œPvc I D”P ZvcgvÎv| U‡b©‡Wvi †¶‡Î

evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM A‡bK †ewk nq| GB mvaviY MwZ‡eM N›Uvq 480 †_‡K 800 wK‡jvwgUvi n‡Z cv‡i|

U‡b©‡Wvi mv‡_ mvB‡K¬v‡bi cÖavb cv_©K¨ n‡jv mvB‡K¬vb m„wó nq mvM‡i Ges DcK‚jxq GjvKvq AvNvZ nv‡b

Aciw`‡K U‡b©‡Wv †h †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bB m„wó n‡Z cv‡i Ges cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvi ¶wZmvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡k

cÖjqsKix U‡b©‡Wv nq 1989 mv‡j gvwbKM‡Äi mvUzwiqv‡Z| U‡b©‡Wvi mv‡_ Kvj‰ekvLx S‡oi h‡_ó wgj

i‡q‡Q| ïay cv_©K¨ n‡jv Kvj‰ekvLx So `yB ai‡bi wecixZgyLx evqycÖev‡ni ìyY eQ‡ii wbw`©ó mg‡q nq wKš‘

U‡b©‡Wv †h †Kv‡bv mgq n‡Z cv‡i|

Kvj‰ekvLx (Nor-Wester) : evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ êkvL (GwcÖj-‡g) gv‡m Kvj‰ekvLx cÖej evqycÖevn, fvix

e„wócvZ I eRªmn f‚-c„‡ôi Dci AvNvZ nv‡b Ges e¨vcK ¶q¶wZ nq| evsjv‡`‡k 2015 mv‡ji 14 GwcÖj

gvwbKM‡Äi mvUzwiqvq cÖjqsKix Kvj‰ekvLx S‡o kZvwaK gvbyl AvnZ nq Ges 24 Rb gvbyl gviv hvq|



evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM N›Uvq 40 n‡Z 80 wK‡jvwgUvi| evsjv‡`‡k Kvj‰ekvLx S‡oi cÖavb KviY †`‡ki `w¶Y-c~e©

w`K †_‡K AvMZ Dò I Av`ª© evqy Ges DËi-cwðg Ges cwðg w`K †_‡K cÖevwnZ nIqv Dò I Av`ª© evqyi

gy‡LvgywL msNl©| GB mgq evsjv‡`k Ges fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ eRª we`y¨rc~Y© So m„wó nq| GB So êkvL gv‡m

KLbI ‰PÎgv‡m DËi cwðg w`K n‡Z AvMZ e‡jB bvg †Ìqv nq Kvj‰ekvLx So | Z‡e MÖx®§Kvjxb DËi

cwðg So ev eRª we`yy¨rc~Y© SoI e‡j|

wk¶v_©xi KvR

wk¶v_©xiv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vMmg~‡ni ZvwjKv cÖYqb Kiyb

mvivsk

†fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vbMZ Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vMcÖeY GjvKv| evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK

`y‡h©vMmg~n n‡jv eb¨v, Liv, mvB‡K¬vb, U‡b©‡Wv Ges Kvj‰ekvLx|



1| N~wY©S‡oi êwkó¨-

i. N~wY©S‡oi m„wó nq Mfxi mgy‡`ª Ges DcK‚‡j AvNvZ nv‡b

ii. N~wY©S‡oi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb D”P ZvcgvÎv I wb¤œPvc Ges

iii. mvaviYZ ZvcgvÎv 26.5-27 wWMÖx †mjwmqv‡mi †ewk nIqv cÖ‡qvRb


K) i L) i I ii M) i, ii I iii N) iii

2| evsjv‡`‡k ’jfv‡M êkvL (GwcÖj-†g) gv‡m cÖej evqycÖevn, fvix e„wócvZ I eRªmn †h So nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K) Kvj‰ekvLx L) mvB‡K¬vb

M) UvB‡dvb N) U‡b©‡Wv

weÁvb BDwbU-9


cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi Zvrch© I †KŠkj

D‡Ïk¨


cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi Zvrch© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi †KŠkjmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã

cÖK…wZ, msiÿYkxjZv

cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxZvi Zvrch©

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b`-b`x, mvMi, gnvmvMi, n« , wngevn, LwbR m¤ú`, ebR m¤ú` cÖf„wZ| gvbyl I cÖK…wZi cÖwZwU Dcv`v‡bi

cvi¯úwiK AvšÍ:wµqvi wfwË‡Z ˆZwi n‡q‡Q RxegÛj|| ZvB Rxe I cÖvYxi wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ cÖK…wZ msi¶Y AZ¨šÍ

¸iyZ¡c~Y©| cÖK…wZ Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì ¶wZ ev aŸsm bv K‡i cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì eënviB n‡jv cÖK…wZ msi¶Y|

†hgb †mŠiwe`y¨r, ev‡qvM¨v‡mi eënvi cÖf…wZ| cÖK…wZ msi¶‡Yi Afv‡e cwi‡ek `~lY e„w× cv‡”Q| hvi cÖZ¨¶

djvdj n‡”Q Rjevqy cwieZ©b| evsjv‡`kmn wek¦e¨vcx Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi (eb¨v, Liv,

mvB‡K¬vb, U‡b©‡Wv, f‚wgaŸm, b`xfv½b, f‚wgK¤ú, mybvgx) msL¨v I ZxeªZv evo‡Q| ejv hvq-gvbyl cÖK…wZ‡K msi¶Y

bv Ki‡j cÖK…wZ‡Z gvbyl I Rx‡ei wU‡K _vKvB n‡e cÖvq Am¤¢e|

cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi †KŠkj

cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi †KŠkjmg~n wb¤œiƒc| h_v-

1| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì msi¶Y,

2| cwi‡ek `~lY wbqš¿Y,

3| bevqb‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì eënvi e„w×,

4| m¤ú‡ì mxwgZ I cyb:eënvi

5| m‡PZbZv e„w×

1| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì msi¶Y : cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi cÖavb †KŠkj n‡”Q cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì msi¶Y|

1.1 cvwb ~lY wbqš¿Y : nvmcvZvj, M„n¯’vjx, KjKviLvbvi eR© , †bŠhv‡b eëüZ R¡vjvbx, gjg~Î G QvovI wewfbœ

ai‡bi AveR©bv cÖwZwbqZ b`-b`xi cvwb `~wlZ Ki‡Q| †hgb-`~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y eywoM½v b`x‡Z †Kvb RjR cÖvYx †bB,

GQvov cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvq `yM©‡Üi Kvi‡Y A¯v¯’ Ki cwi‡ek weivR Ki‡Q| ZvB cÖwZwU wkíKviLvbv nvmcvZv‡j eR©

cwi‡kva‡bi eë¯’v †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| A_ev †K›`ªxqfv‡e eR©¨ cwi‡kvavbvMvi cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z b`-b`xi cvwb `~wlZ bv

nq|

1.2 : ebR m¤ú` msi¶Y : ebR m¤ú` msi¶‡Yi c~e© kZ© n‡”Q ebvqb| †h nv‡i MvQ KvUv nq Zvi wZb¸Y nv‡i

MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e| G‡Z †hgb ebR m¤ú` i¶v nq †Zgwb cwi‡e‡ki fvimvgÏ i¶v n‡e| ebR m¤ú` eënv‡ii

weKí †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb Kv‡Vi weKí wnmv‡e cøvBDW eënvi Kiv hvq| Awdm-Av`vj‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxq WKy‡g›U

wPwVi cwie‡Z© B-‡gB‡ji gva¨‡g †cÖiY Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvRbxq bw_i msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ nvW©Kwci (KvMR) cwie‡Z©

md&UKwc (Kw¤úDUvi) msi¶Y Kiv hvq| QvÎ-QvÎxiv B-eyK eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

1.3 : LwbR m¤ú` msi¶Y : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb LwbRm¤ú` n‡jv-cÖvK…wZK M¨vm| GQvovI i‡q‡Q Kqjv, LwbR

†Zj, Pzbvcv_i cÖf…wZ| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k M„n¯’vjx, KjKviLvbv Ges hvbevn‡b cÖavb R¡vjvbx wnmv‡e cÖvK…wZK M¨vm

eënvi K‡i| ZvB GB m¤ú` eënv‡i mvkÖqx n‡Z n‡e †hgb-ivbœvi ci M¨v‡mi Pzjv wbwf‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| cÖvB‡fU

cvV-9.4



Mvwoi cwie‡Z© KwgDwbwU evm mvwf©m Pvjy Kiv DwPZ| †hgb ¯‹zjmg~‡n GKRb QvÎ-QvÎxi Rb¨ GKwU cÖvB‡fU Mvwo

eënvi bv K‡i 20 Rb QvÎ/QvÎxi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU evm mvwf©m Pvjy Kiv hvq| G‡Z LwbR m¤ú` mvkÖ‡qi cvkvcvwk

bM‡ii hvbRUI wbimb n‡e|

2. cwi‡ek `~lY wbhš¿Y : evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeQi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek A‡bK †ewk ¶wZMÖ Í…

nq| cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM ¯vfvweK NUbv n‡jI cwi‡ek `yl‡Yi d‡j †h RjevqyMZ cwieZ©b n‡”Q Zv‡Z cÖvK…wZK

`y‡h©v‡Mi msL¨v, ZxeªZv I ¯’vwqZ¡ evo‡Q| hvi d‡j ¶q¶wZi cwigvYI evo‡Q| ZvB cwi‡ek `~lY (evqy`ylY,

cvwb `ylY) Kgv‡Z n‡e|

3. bevqY‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì eënvi e„w× : Abevqb‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì (cÖvK…wZK M¨vm, Kqjv,

Pzbvcv_i, wRcmvg, wW‡Rj, †K‡ivwmb) eënvi Kwg‡q bevqb‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì (†mŠiwe`y¨r, ev‡qvM¨vm

ev ˆReM¨v‡mi) eënvi e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| †h mKj m¤ú` GKevi eënvi Ki‡j †kl n‡q hvq Zv‡ì

Abevqb‡hvM¨ m¤ú` (Non renewable resource) e‡j| Aciw`‡K †h mKj m¤ú` eënvi Ki‡j †kl n‡q

hvq bv Zv‡K bevqb‡hvM¨ m¤ú` (Renewable resource) e‡j| †hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡ji †hLv‡b

cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi ms‡hvM †bB †mLv‡b GKwU cwiev‡ii wZb/PviwU Miyi †Mvei Lye mnR Dcv‡q MZ© K‡i

GKB RvqMvq †dj‡j †h ˆRe M¨vm ev ev‡qvM¨vm Drcvw`Z nq Zv‡Z GKwU cwiev‡ii M¨v‡mi Pvwn`v c~iY

nq| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk Miyi Lvgvi gvwjK ˆReM¨vm Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì M¨v‡mi Pvwn`v c~iY

Ki‡Q| Zviv evwYwR¨Kfv‡eI cvk©¦eZ©x K‡qKwU cwiev‡ii M¨v‡mi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB M¨vm LyeB

DrK…ó gv‡bi| G‡Z wg‡_‡bi cwigvc kZKiv 98 fvM| G‡Z cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi †hgb mvkÖq n‡”Q †Zgwb

ebR m¤ú‡ìI msi¶Y n‡”Q|

4. m¤ú‡ì mxwgZ eënvi I bZzb cY¨ ˆZwi : AvmevecÎ Ges KvMR ˆZwi nq MvQcvjv †_‡K|

RuvKRgKc~Y© Kivi Rb¨ Awdm Av`vjZ evwoN‡i Kv‡Vi †W‡Kv‡ikb Ges Avmevec‡Îi eënvi mxwgZ

Ki‡Z n‡e| Kvco †Pvco RvZxq c‡Y¨ 7wU KvM‡Ri ÷xKvi jvMv‡bv _v‡K| †hLv‡b 1wU ÷xKv‡iB h‡_ó|

cyivZb wRwbm †_‡K bZzb wRwbm ˆZwi K‡i cÖK…wZ msi¶Y Kiv hvq| †hgb- M„n¯’vwji Kv‡R

A¨v‡jv‡gvwbqv‡gi ˆZRmcÎ cybteënvi Kiv hvq| GQvovI M„n¯’vwji eR©¨ †_‡K ˆRe mvi cÖ ‘Z Kiv hvq|

5. m‡PZbZv e„w× : wkw¶Z-Awkw¶Z, abx-Mixe mKj †kÖwY‡ckvi gvbyl‡K cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZv m¤ú‡K©

m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| †hgb K…lK KxUbvk‡Ki eënvi mxwgZ Ki‡e, †mB mv‡_ ˆRemvi I ˆReM¨vm eënv‡i

DØy× n‡e| wkíKviLvbvi gvwjK wkíeR©¨ cwi‡kva‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡e| eëmvqxiv KvM‡Ri w÷Kvi, c¨v‡KU

eënvi mxwgZ Ki‡e, ¯‹zj, K‡jR Awdm-Av`j‡Z KvM‡Ri eënvi mxwgZ Ki‡e| `y®‹…wZKvixiv hv‡Z

my›ìe‡bi nwiY, evN wkKvi, MvQ Pywi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i AvBbk„•Ljv evwnbx †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡e| A_©vr

cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w×‡Z mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| bM‡i Aí e„wó‡Z

Rjve×Zv †`Lv †`q| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY cwjw_b Ges GRvZxq eR©¨ iv¯Ívq cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi c_ eÜ K‡i

ZvB GRvZxq eR©¨ iv¯Ívq ¯’vwcZ Wv÷we‡b †dj‡Z n‡e| DwjøwLZ welq m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w× cÖ‡qvRb|

wk¶v_©xi KvR

cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvq wk¶v_©x‡ì f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© wjLyb

mvivsk

mv¤úªwZK mg‡q cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi ¯’vwqZ¡, ZxeªZv †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, cÖK…wZ‡K Avgiv aŸsm Ki‡j cÖK…wZ

Avgv‡ì‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z w`‡e bv| ZvB cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| †h †Kv‡bv †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK

fvimvg¨ I A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †gvU AvqZ‡bi kZKiv 25 fvM ebf‚wg cÖ‡qvRb wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki i‡q‡Q

gvÎ kZKiv 17 fvM| ZvB Avgv‡ì cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvq A‡bK †ewk MyiyZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| cÖK…wZ msi¶YkxjZvi

wewfbœ †KŠkj n‡”Q cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì msi¶Y I cwi‡ek `~lY wbqš¿Y|

weÁvb BDwbU-9




1| evsjv‡`‡k kZKiv KZfvM ebf‚wg i‡q‡Q?

K) 17 fvM L) 18 fvM

M) 15 fvM N) 13 fvM

2| bevqb‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †KvbwU?

K) †mŠikw³ L) cÖvK…wZK M¨vm

M) †K‡ivwmb N) Pzbvcv_i

3| Miyi †Mvei †_‡K ˆZwi nq-

i) DrK…ó gv‡bi ev‡qvM¨vm ev ˆReM¨vm

ii) DrK…ó gv‡bi ˆRemvi

iii) wg‡_‡bi cwigvY kZKiv 98 fvM


K) ii L) i I ii M) i, ii I iii N) iii

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb

1| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

K. U‡b©‡Wv kãwUi A_© Kx?

L. Rjevqy cwieZ©b nIqvi KviY Kx?

M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎwU Kx eySv‡”Q? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

N. Ò êwkK DòZv e„w×i Rb¨ gvby‡li Kg©KvÛB `vqxÓ- e¨vL¨v Kiyb|

2| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

Kwig wgqvi evwo cUzqvLvwj †Rjvq| 2007 mv‡j nVvr DcK‚jxq GjvKvq cÖPÛ S‡o Nievwo mewKQz

Dwo‡q wb‡q hvq| AvkÖq †K‡›`ª hvbwb e‡j wZwb Qvov cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨ gviv hvq| GLb Kwig wgqvi

ïayB Avd‡mvm †Kb wZwb AvkÖq †K‡›`ª †M‡jb bv|

K) Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 1

L) cÖK…wZ msiÿYkxjZvi †KŠkjmg~n D‡jøL Kiæb| 2

M) DÏxc‡Ki cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vMwU Kxfv‡e m„wó nq? e¨vL¨v Kiyb| 3

N) Kwig wgqv GB cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ Kx Kx c`‡¶c wb‡Z cvi‡Zb? we‡kølY Ki| 4

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.1 : 1| K 2| L 3| N

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.2 : 1| K 2| N 3| N

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.3 : 1| M 2| K

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.4 : 1| K 2| K 3| M

Documents

`y‡hv‡Mi mv‡ emevm BDwbU · 8. Lv`¨ wbivcËv : Rjevqy cwieZ‡bi d‡j A‡b‡KB K…wl Rwg nviv‡e| evsjv‡`‡k msNwUZ N~wYSo, wmWi, AvBjv cf…wZi cfv‡e wKQz Rwg‡Z