Y10 Summer spaced learning work

Name ___________________________

Please complete this revision booklet over summer and hand it in to your teacher in September.

This is paper 1 content that you have been learning throughout this year.

Biology Paper 1 (Cell Biology; Organisation; Infection and response; and Bioenergetics)

Chemistry Paper 1 (Atomic structure and the periodic table; Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter; Quantitative chemistry; Chemical changes; and Energy changes)

Physics Paper 1 (Energy; Electricity; Particle model of matter; and Atomic structure

Use the following to help you with your revision.https://www.bbc.com/education/examspecs/z8r997h

http://freesciencelessons.co.uk/https://www.senecalearning.com/

Keyword Definition/function Diagram

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Nucleus

Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Vacuole

Flagella

Plasmid

Magnification

Neurone

Muscle cell

Sperm cell

Task 1 – find the definitions or functions of the keywords and draw a picture to help

you remember it.

Root hair cell

Phloem cell

Xylem cell

Stem cell

Mitosis

Stem cell

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active Transport

QUESTIONS

1 Work out the real size of these objects.

Size of image (mm) Magnification Size of real object (mm)

 5   40

10 1000

12   60

 8  200

15  500

2 Use the magnification equation to complete the table.

Size of image (mm) Magnification Size of real object (mm)

10 0.002

400 0.05

 6 0.006

 50 0.05

15 0.15

3 A student views the image of a cell magnified 40 000 times. The image is 50 mm long. Calculate the actual length of the sample in micrometres. _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

4 A sperm cell has a tail 40 µm long and a student draws it 40 mm long. Calculate the magnification.________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5 A red blood cell is 7.5 µm in diameter. It is magnified 2000 times. Calculate the diameter of the image seen through the microscope in millimetres._______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Task 2 – use the magnification equation to answer the following questions.

Fill in the gaps using the word in the box.

There are two ways that you can become ___________ to a disease. Firstly, you could catch the disease naturally, by the _________ (either a bacteria or a _________) entering your body. __________ blood cells recognise antigens on the surface of the microbe and start to produce ______________. These then destroy the pathogen. The first time the pathogen enters your body the immune response will be quite _________, so you will get ill. However, the second time, your white _________ cells know which antibodies to produce and the response is much ___________. Therefore you do not get any ____________ of the disease.Vaccines work by stimulating the immune ___________. The vaccine contains either a ___________ strain of the pathogen, or just _________ of it. However the important thing is that the ___________ of the pathogen is detected. The white blood __________ recognise these antigens and then ___________ antibodies, which ___________ the pathogen. If the pathogen then enters your _________ naturally the white blood cells quickly produce _____________ and you do not get ________. You are now _________ to that ___________.

S paced O ut S cience

Subject: Chemistry

weakened system antigen immune immune white virus cells ill quicker destroy body slow part pathogen antibodies antibodies produceblood disease produce symptoms

Task 3 – vaccinations fill in the gaps.HOW DO VACCINES WORK?

Task 4 – complete the SOS sheet.

Topic: Atomic Structure Focus: Structure of an Atom

Define the following key termsAtom Isotope Relative Abundance

Level 1Recall the mass and charge of the subatomic particles

Level 2Explain what relative abundance means and how to calculate it.

Level 3Following experimental work by Bohr, how did the accepted view of electronic structure change?

Task 5 – fill in the gaps to explain different types of bonding.

Task 6 – read the information on this page and use it to answer the questions

on the following page.

Energy Stores and Pathways

The eight stores

CHEMICAL More in an object lifted above its planet.

KINETIC In the immensely strong forces in atomic nuclei.

GRAVITATIONAL In an object at high temperature.

ELASTIC In electrical forces between charges.

THERMAL In food, fuel or batteries.

MAGNETIC In a stretched, squashed or twisted object.

ELECTROSTATIC In magnetic forces between magnetic poles.

NUCLEAR In moving objects.

The four pathways

M_CH_N_C_LLY – wh_n _ f_rc_ _cts _nd s_m_th_ng m_v_s.

_L_CTR_C_LLY – wh_n _ c_rr_nt fl_ws.

BY H_ _ T_NG – b_c_ _s_ _f _ t_mp_r_t_r_ d_ff_r_nc_.

BY R_D_ _T_ _N - _ w_v_ s_ch _s l_ght, m_cr_w_v_ _r s_ _nd.

Task 7 – match up the energy store with what it means. Add vowels to describe the

energy pathways.

Task 8 – fill in the table using the

equations at the bottom to

help.

Task 9 – follow the instructions on the sheet to summarise ionising radiation.

Eqn Word Equation Symbol Equation1 Weight = W=

Task 10 – LOOK at the equations on the left, COVER, WRITE as many as you can on the right, CHECK and REPEAT until you have filled the whole table in.

2 Work done = W=3 Force applied = F=4 Distance = s=5 Acceleration = a=6 Resultant force = F=

7HT Momentum p=8 Kinetic energy = Ek=9 Gravitational potential energy = Ep=10 Power = P=11 Power = P=12 Efficiency =13 Efficiency =14 Wave speed = v=15 Charge flow = Q=16 Potential difference = V=17 Power = P=18 Power = P=19 Energy transferred = E=20 Energy transferred = E=21 Density = ρ =

Task 11 – Use the ideas on this page and the checklists that follow to make your own revision resource.

Year 10 Biology Revision checklistKey Point 1 2Cells & microscopy

Label the major features of animal, plant and bacterial cells

Describe differences between animal and plant cells

Describe the functions of all the parts – e.g nucleus, ribosomes etc

Use Magnification=Image/Actual to calculate size of cells or magnification

Use prefixes centi, milli, micro and nano and change numbers between these units

Describe what is meant by ‘differentiation’ or specialisation

Relate a cells specialised features to its function

Describe how microscopy has developed over time and give advantages of the electron microscope over the light microscope

Describe the stages in the cell cycle

Recognise & define mitosis and give examples of it may occur

Define the term ‘stem cells’

Name sources of stem cells and describe their use – adult, embryo and meristem

Evaluate the use of stem cells in medical research and treatments

TransportDescribe diffusion and the factors that can affect the rate

Describe how organs and surfaces are specialised for effective diffusion – lungs, gills in fish, roots and leaves in plants

Define the term osmosis and give examples of where it happens

Define the term ‘Active Transport’ and explain why it is necessary

OrganisationName the organs in the digestive system

Use the ‘lock and key’ model to explain how enzymes work

Name the three digestive enzymes, what they act on and what the products are

Explain why digestion of food is necessary

Explain the functions of bile and hydrochloric acid in digestion

Describe the chemical tests for sugar, starch, fat and protein and their positive results

Label a diagram of the major structures of the heart

Label a diagram of the major structures of the lungs

Describe how the heart rate is normally regulated and the use of artificial pacemakers

Describe the features of arteries, veins and capillaries

Name and describe the functions of the four components of blood

Describe the path blood takes around the body and the importance of valves in this

Describe what ‘coronary heart disease’ is, describe and evaluate its treatment options

Describe some of the diseases linked with lifestyle factors

Describe the causes of cancer and what is meant by ‘benign’ and ‘malignant’ tumours

Name the different plant tissues and describe how they are adapted for their function

Explain how transpiration happens and describe factors that can affect the rate

Explain what is meant by ‘translocation’

Infection & responseDefine the term ‘pathogen’

Describe the spread, symptoms and treatments of viral diseases such as measles, HIV and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

Describe the spread, symptoms and treatment of the bacterial infections Salmonella and Gonorrhoea

Describe the symptoms, spread and treatment of the fungal disease Rose black spot

Describe the spread of malaria and measures to prevent its transmission

Describe the main physical barriers humans have to infection

Describe how white cells fight pathogens that do get into the body

Explain how vaccinations prevent disease

Explain the use of antibiotics and other medicines in treating diseases

Describe the origins of many drugs and how new drugs are developed, including the use of placebos

BioenergeticsDescribe the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration and represent them using word

equations Compare aerobic with anaerobic respiration

Describe and explain the changes in the body during exercise

Explain why anaerobic respiration cannot be maintained for long periods

Describe the process of photosynthesis and represent it using a word equation

Describe how the rate of photosynthesis can be measured and how it can be affected

Explain what is meant by a limiting factor

Interpret graphs showing rates of photosynthesis and suggest how the rate may be increased

Explain factors that farmers would take into account before manipulating conditions

Describe what is meant by metabolism and give examples of metabolic reactions

Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1 Revision checklistKey Point 1 2

Atomic Structure & the Periodic TableDescribe the structure of an atom and calculate numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons given a

periodic table

Describe the development of the nuclear model of the atom from earlier models – e.g the plum pudding

Describe how mixtures can be separated using filtration, evaporation, distillation and chromatography

Compare the size of atoms to other items

Explain what is meant by an isotope and calculate the Atomic mass of an element given the percentage abundance of its isotopes

Draw the electron configuration for any of the first 20 elements in the periodic table.

Describe the layout of the modern periodic table and some of the steps in its development

Describe how atoms become ions and represent this using diagrams

Explain why group 0 do not form ions and describe the properties of group 0 elements

Describe the properties of the Group 1 metals and their reactions with oxygen and water

Explain why Group 1 reactivity increases going down the group

Describe the properties of group 7 elements.

Describe and explain the trend in reactivity of group 7 down the group

Interpret practical observations to prove reactivity in group 7 – ie displacement of less reactive halogens

Bonding & Properties

Describe the particle arrangement in solids, liquids and gases and explain how changes of state occur

Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metal and non-metal atoms and represent this in diagrams and models

Use dot and cross diagrams to show the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding

Describe the properties of ionic compounds

Represent covalent bonds using dot and cross diagrams

Describe the properties of simple and giant covalent substances

Describe the structure and bonding of carbon in the forms of diamond, graphite and fullerenes and relate their properties to the bonding

Represent the bonding in polymers using diagrams and explain why most polymers are solids at room temperature

Describe the bonding in metals and relate the properties of metals to the bonding

Define an alloy and explain why they are stronger than pure metals

Quantitative ChemistryExplain what is meant by ‘conservation of mass’ and apply it to chemical equations

Calculate relative formula mass

Calculate uncertainty in measurements

Know that a mole represents 6.02 x 10²³ atoms or molecules and is equal to the atomic or formula mass in grams

Use the equation Mass = Mr x moles to work out number of moles, mass or formula mass, given the other two

Calculate the mass of reactants and products in a symbol equation and use these to predict the masses of reactants needed or products expected

Use moles to balance symbol equations

Explain what is meant by a ‘limiting reactant’

Calculate the mass of a given solid in a specified volume of a solution of a given concentration

Chemical ChangeDefine the terms oxidation and reduction in terms of reactions with oxygen

Identify which substances have been oxidised or reduced in a given equation in terms of gain or loss of oxygen

Evaluate metal extraction methods given appropriate information

Describe the reactions of K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu with dilute acids and water

Derive the reactivity series for metals given information about displacement reactions

Explain reactivity in terms of a metal’s tendency to form ions

Identify which species has been oxidised and which has been reduced in terms of gain or loss of electrons in given equations

Write half equations for oxidation and reduction

Describe the test for hydrogen gas

Describe the formation of a soluble salt by neutralising acids with metal oxides or metal carbonates

Describe the reactions of acids and alkalis and the use of indicators

Explain the meaning of the terms ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ acids and make orders of magnitude calculations in terms of pH

Explain the process of electrolysis in terms of movement of ions to the electrodes and the loss or gain of electrons

Describe the extraction of Aluminium from its oxide using electrolysis

Predict the products from the electrolysis of solutions and explain why hydrogen is often given off at the cathodeEnergy Changes

Describe and recognise exothermic and endothermic reactions

Describe some of the variables that can affect temperature change in endothermic and exothermic reactions

Draw and label energy level diagrams for endothermic & exothermic reactions

HT Use bond energies to determine whether a reaction will be endothermic or exothermic

Physics Paper 1 Checklist- Trilogy

Key Point 1 2

Energy

Name the different types of energy ‘store’ and describe how energy is transferred between them

Identify where energy is wasted and describe where this goes

Calculate the efficiency of devices

Use Sankey diagrams to represent energy transfers or calculate efficiency

Define and calculate kinetic energy

Define and calculate gravitational potential energy

Use values for GPE to calculate maximum theoretical velocity of a raised object

Explain why theoretical velocity will not normally be reached

Calculate the elastic potential energy in a stretched or squashed object

Use and manipulate the specific heat capacity equation to calculate energy/mass/temperature change/specific heat capacity given the others

Define specific heat capacity

Calculate power using P=E/t or P=Work done/t

Describe the relationship between watts and joules

Define a ‘closed system’ and explain what happens to total energy when energy transfers happen in a closed system

Describe ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers

Describe factors that affect the thermal conductivity of a building

Describe the use, reliability and environmental impacts of renewable and non-renewable energy resources

Electricity

Describe what is meant by an electric current and calculate it using Q=It

Describe what is meant by resistance and calculate values for it using Ohm’s Law

Calculate current, voltage and resistance in series and parallel circuits

Recognise, describe and explain the shape of current-voltage graphs for a filament bulb, ohmic resistor and a diode

Use and recognise the symbols for all the circuit components covered

Recognise, describe and explain the shape of resistance- light level graph for a light dependent resistor

Describe and explain uses of LDRs – e.g switching on lights when it gets dark

Recognise, describe and explain the shape of resistance- temperature graph for a thermistor

Label the features and describe the safe operation of a 3 pin plug

Explain the difference between direct and alternating pd

Calculate electrical power and energy transferred for given appliances

Describe the features of the National Grid

Particle theory

Describe density in terms of particle arrangement

Use Density = mass/volume to calculate values and use the correct units

Explain the term ‘internal energy’

Describe differences in particle arrangement and energy in solids, liquids and gases

Explain what happens to particles during a change of state

Use the equation E=mL to calculate mass, specific latent heat or energy

Distinguish between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat

Define the terms specific latent heat, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of vaporisation

Atoms and Nuclear Physics

Label the parts of an atom and state approximate sizes of the atom and the nucleus

Explain what might cause changes in distance of electrons from the nucleus

Describe the changes to the atomic model over time, and why those changes were made

Describe what is meant by an isotope and describe some of their uses

Describe the properties and origins of alpha, beta and gamma radiation

Complete nuclear equations for alpha and beta decay

Describe what is meant by the half-life of a radioactive isotope and obtain values for this from a decay curve

Choose an appropriate source for a particular purpose

Explain the difference between contamination and irradiation and compare the hazards of each