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IGU IGU PrePre‐‐conferenceconference SymposiumSymposiumTrier | August 22‐25, 2012
FreizeitFreizeit‐‐ undund TourismusgeographieTourismusgeographie | | UniversitätUniversität TrierTrier
This research has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework European Community s Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007‐2013 under grant agreement NNo.244251.
The project SECOA [Solutions for Environmental The project SECOA [Solutions for Environmental Contrasts in Coastal Areas] will consider the effects of human mobility on urban settlements’ effects of human mobility on urban settlements growth and restructuring in fragile environments,
h lsuch as coastal areas.
For further info go to www projectsecoa euFor further info, go to www.projectsecoa.eu
This research is going to be further developed –with a new research project named ESPACETUR –with a new research project named ESPACETUR –Planning Tourist Spaces in Coastal Areas.
ESPACETUR will focus on the design, governance and regulation of tourism spaces on coastal and regulation of tourism spaces on coastal regions of Portugal.
The project is funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT ‐ PTDC/AUR‐Science and Technology (FCT PTDC/AURURB/118612/2010).
Table of contents:Table of contents:P t C t iPortuguese Coast: an overview
T i i P l b i dTourism in Portugal: basic data
l l d l dPlanning coastal tourism destinations: evolution and
prospectiveprospective
1. Portuguese Coast:an overview
Facts and FiguresFacts and Figures
LocationLocation
Comprises of continental Portugal Azores (9 islands) andvi
ew
Portugal, Azores (9 islands) and Madeira (2 islands)
Total: 92 000 km2anover
Total: 92.000 km
Coastline: 1.853 km2
(continent: 950 km2 Azores:coast: a
(continent: 950 km , Azores: 691 km2, Madeira: 212 km2)
Exclusive Economic Zone:ugue
se
Exclusive Economic Zone: 1.700.000 km2 (one of the largest in the European Union)Po
rtu
Source:xxxx
Very diverse coastline, comprising:Santa Cruz beach, Torres Vedras
Sandy beaches (591 km), with long extension of dunes (important for biodiversityvi
ew
(important for biodiversity, tourism activities and as buffer areas for flooding);an
over
Rock beaches: 348 km;
Rock cliffs; Salgados beach Almadacoast: a
Rock cliffs;
Coastal wetlands: Douro, Mondego Tejo Sado Ria de
Salgados beach, AlmadaProtected Landscape
ugue
se
Mondego, Tejo, Sado, Ria de Aveiro, Ria Formosa.Po
rtu
Very rich in fauna and flora:
Caparica / Lagoa de Albufeira(RT Costa Azul)
Very rich in fauna and flora:
Important sites (e.g. Natura2000 Network) are mainlyvi
ew
2000 Network) are mainly located on the coast.
anover
coast: a
Ria Formosa(Turismo de Portugal)
ugue
se Estuário do Tejo(picasaweb.google.com)
Portu
Natura 2000 sitesProtected Areas Natura 2000 sites(www.igeo.pt)
Protected Areas(ICNB)
view
anover
coast: a
ugue
sePo
rtu
Issues and risks(continent)
Cities
Nº of industrial facilities with safety i 2003report in 2003
1052.5
Fire risk
Coastal erosion and Coastal erosion and recessionrecession:High levels of construction;vi
ew
Fire riskHigh
Very high
Seismic risk
High levels of construction;Pressure from tourist activities;O l it ti fan
over
Landslide risk
Tsunami riskOverexploitation of materials in rivers and estuaries;co
ast: a
Flood risk
Hotspot for flooding
Flood risk
Dredging (harbour activities).
ugue
se
Reservoir rupture risk
Critical coastal erosion risk
High population densityHigh population density:Landscape degradation;Overexploitation of natural
Portu
Oil pipeline
Gas pipeline (planned)
Gas pipeline Overexploitation of natural resources;Environmental pollution;L d f Source:
adapted from DGOTDU (2007)
Land‐surface impermeabilisation.
Population Density (2001)
Roughly 75% l ti li dpopulation lives and
works in coastal areas (j b t itivi
ew
(job opportunities, accessibilities, temperate climatean
over
temperate climate, natural resources, social and culturalco
ast: a
social and cultural assets, ...).
ugue
se
Portu
Population Growth (2001‐2011)Significant population increase in most coastal municipalitiesvi
ewan
over
coast: a
ugue
sePo
rtu
Urban centres (>2500 inhabit.)Urban concentration along the coast and severe anthropic pressure in some
( i b )
view
areas (e.g. Lisbon)
anover
coast: a
ugue
sePo
rtu
Major infrastructuresCoastal (or near coastal) infrastructural networks:
• Ports;view
• Airports;• Railways;anover
Railways;• Highways;
t l lcoast: a
• natural gas supply;• (...)
ugue
sePo
rtu
Some of the finest examples ofSagres
Some of the finest examples of historical‐cultural heritage (and its specific preservation sites/areas).vi
ew p p / )
anover
Belém / Lisboacoast: a
Bugio / Oeiras
ugue
sePo
rtu
564 657
Nº Population in cities(2001) Inland driversSocio‐economic synopsis
(continent):
Greater Metropolitan Area
100 00010 000
Capital cities
(continent):85% Gross Domestic Product;vi
ew
Metropolitan Area of PortoMetropolitan
SystemOther urban systems
Potential
Product;High concentration of i d t i dan
over
Metropolitan System of Centre
Coastline
Potential centralities
Inland drivers
industries and services (tourism included)co
ast: a
Greater Metropolitan
Main distribution channels
Roads
included).ugue
se
Metropolitan Area of LisboaHigh Speed Train
network1st stage
2nd stage
Portu
PortsLevel 1
Level 2
Airports
Greater Metropolitan Area of Algarve
AirportsInternational
Horizon 2015
Source: adapted from
DGOTDU (2007)
1. Portuguese Coast:an overview
Tourism international arrivals: 1967‐2006
data
l: basic
Portuga
isminP
Touri
4 and 5 Stars HotelsConventional supply
data
l: basic
Portuga
isminP
Touri
data
l: basic
Portuga Hotel Capacity
isminP
90% of foreign tourists stay in coastal destinations:
Touri
•most significant share of hotel capacity in the l bAlgarve, Lisbon, Oporto
and Madeira.
Major touristic projectsTurismo de Portugal, 2011
data 46 PIN Projects (November, 2011)
PIN – National Relevant Projects
l: basic
Portuga
isminP
Touri
The majority and the largest
Camping Parks(Atlas de Portugal)
The majority and the largest camping parks are located on (or near) the coastda
ta
on (or near) the coast
l: basic
Costa de Caparica(Google)Po
rtuga
isminP
Touri
Concentration of golf Golf courses
(Atlas de Portugal)
gcourses in coastal tourism developed areasda
tal: basic
Portuga
isminP
Touri
Images on tourism development along the Portuguese coastg p g g
E t il 1930’Estoril: 1930’s
data
l: basic
Estoril: nowadays
Portuga
isminP
Touri
Armação de Pêra / Algarve1960’s
data
l: basic
Armação de Pêra / Algarve: nowadays
Portuga
isminP
Touri
Albufeira: early XXth century
data
l: basic
Portuga
Albufeira: nowadays
isminP
Touri
Albufeira: 1969
data
l: basic
Portuga
Albufeira: nowadaysism
inP
Touri
data
l: basic
Quarteira: early XXth century
Quarteira: nowadays
Portuga
Quarteira: early XXth century
isminP
Touri
1. Portuguese Coast:an overview
Planning tools
M / St t is
National Plan Macro / Strategic
tination
Special and Sector Plans
smde
st
Regional Plans
altouris
Inter Municipal Plansgcoasta
Municipal PlansPlanning
Municipal PlansP
Site Plans Micro / Operational
Planning tools – (e.g. Algarve)
11s
National Plan 11
tination
Special and Sector Plans > 5> 5
smde
stRegional Plans 11
altouris
Inter Municipal Plans 00gcoasta
Municipal Plans 1616Planning
Municipal Plans 1616
4040
P
Site Plans > 40> 40
Planning tools
1864 Maritime Public Domain 50m (wide) coastal front
1990 C li U b M bl h d l f l
s 1990 Coastline Urban Management Plan
Establishes guidelines for coastline land use (2km)
tination
1993 Coastline Plans (POOC)Source:adapted from http://portal.icnb.pt
smde
st
• 8 Plans;F d t ti ial
touris
• Focused on protecting, managing and improving natural resources and landscapes (500m);g
coasta
p ( );• Aimed at establishing different uses and activities, classifying
Planning
beaches and regulating their use for bathing, as well as assuring nature protection
Protected areas
P
nature protection.
Planning tools
1998 Coastline Strategy Establishes guidelines and priority domains for interventions in coastal s
areas.
2003 FINISTERRA Programme Aim: To improve the Portuguese tination
g p gcoastline through structural measures, allowing implementing the actions stated in the Coastlinesm
dest
the actions stated in the Coastline Plans.
2009 I t t d M t Key principles (some examples):altouris
2009 Integrated Management Strategy for the Portuguese Coastal Zones Response to
Key principles (some examples):• Intergenerational sustainability and solidarity;g
coasta
2002/413/CE • Social cohesion;• Prevention and precautionary i i lPl
anning
principle;• Holistic and multidisciplinary approach;
Aim: to provide a policy framework to assure sustainable development in
P
• Shared responsibility. coastal zones.
Lack of planning?Construction on barrier islands, Faro/Algarve
stin
ation
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
Lack of planning? Urban beach, Almada/Lisbon
stin
ation
smde
stBuilding at the cliff, Vau/Algarveal
touris
gcoasta
Planning
P
Resort vs integrated Planning? Vale de Lobo, Algarve
stin
ation
Soltroia/Alentejo
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
Resort vs integrated Planning? Praia del Rei, Oeste
stin
ation
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
s
Urban sprawl… how can we plan it?
tination
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
s
Urban sprawl… how can we plan it and integrate it?
tination
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
s
Urban sprawl… how can we plan it and integrate it?
tination
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
s
V l d T lh / W Al
Tourist enclaves… how to integrate them?
tination Vale da Telha / Western Algarve
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
s
Parque da Floresta / AlgarveTourist enclaves… how to integrate them?
tination
smde
staltouris
gcoasta
Planning
P
Highlights:An unbalanced country… A (still coastal) tourist destination…A (still coastal) tourist destination…Anthropic pressures on land use…Different tourist development processesDifferent tourist development processes…A wealth of legal frameworks and regulations…
bl d i t d !!!… problems do persist and some are even new!!!
Topics for discussion (…or questions to be answered):How to cope with such different tourism spaces typologies?Conflicts? What sort of conflicts?Success vs failure? Lessons from experiencepHow to promote knowledge transfer and effective planning?
[email protected]@campus.ul.pt
