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2011
Prin
ted
and
publ
ishe
d by
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
, For
estry
and
Fis
herie
s
Obt
aina
ble
from
Res
ourc
e C
entre
Dire
ctor
ate
Com
mun
icat
ion
Ser
vice
s P
rivat
e B
ag X
144
PR
ETO
RIA
0001
agric
ultu
re,
fore
stry
& fi
sher
ies
Dep
artm
ent:
Agr
icul
ture
, For
estry
and
Fis
herie
sR
EPU
BLI
C O
F SO
UTH
AFR
ICA
Fur
ther
info
rmat
ion
can
be o
btai
ned
from
Dire
ctor
ate
Pla
nt P
rodu
ctio
nP
rivat
e B
ag X
250
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ET
OR
IA 0
001
Tel
01
2 31
9 60
72F
ax
012
319
6372
Em
ail D
PP
@da
ff.go
v.za
used
to p
rodu
ce fi
ghtin
g st
icks
and
hut
pol
es. I
t is
also
us
ed fo
r ca
rvin
g. It
pro
vide
s fir
ewoo
d an
d ch
arco
al. I
t al
so p
rovi
des
shad
e, s
helte
r an
d er
osio
n pr
otec
tion.
Leav
es a
re b
row
sed
by li
vest
ock,
wild
ani
mal
s su
ch
as b
aboo
n, m
onke
y, b
ushp
ig, n
yala
and
ela
nd.
Th
e le
ave
s, r
oo
ts a
nd
fru
it (s
ee
ds)
are
re
po
rte
d t
o b
e u
sed
me
dic
ina
lly a
s a
tre
atm
en
t fo
r sn
ake
bite
s.
So
me
pe
op
le u
se r
oo
t in
fusi
on
s a
s a
tre
atm
en
t fo
r sn
akeb
ite.
Dec
octio
n of
the
roo
t is
tak
en o
rally
as
a co
ld r
emed
y. F
resh
leav
es a
re p
ound
ed in
to a
pas
te
to t
reat
sor
es.
Dra
ined
liqu
id f
rom
the
leav
es c
an b
e us
ed to
rep
el in
sect
s su
ch a
s ap
hids
and
sca
le.
Ref
eren
ces
NA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
EA
RC
H C
OU
NC
IL,
Lo
st c
rop
of
Afr
ica
, V
ol.
3:
Na
tion
al
Aca
dem
ic P
ress
.
PA
LME
R, E
. & P
ITM
AN, N
. 197
2. T
rees
of S
outh
ern
Afr
ica,
Vol
. 3. C
ape
Tow
n: B
alke
ma.
VA
N W
YK, B
.-E
. & G
ER
ICK
E, N
. 200
0. P
eopl
e’s
plan
ts: a
gui
de to
use
-fu
l pla
nts
of s
outh
ern
Afr
ica.
Pre
toria
: Briz
a.
ww
w.p
lant
zafr
ica.
com
ww
w.ic
uc-iw
mi.o
rg
orange
orange
monkey
monkey
Orig
in a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion
Mon
key
oran
ge is
fou
nd in
bus
hvel
d, r
iver
ine,
san
d fo
rest
an
d c
oa
sta
l bu
sh f
rom
th
e E
ast
ern
Ca
pe
to
Kw
aZ
ulu
-Na
tal
an
d i
nla
nd
to
Sw
azi
lan
d,
no
rth
ern
B
otsw
ana
and
Nam
ibia
.
Prod
uctio
n ar
eas
Mo
nke
y o
ran
ge
is f
ou
nd
in t
he
wild
in t
he
Ea
ste
rn
Cap
e, K
waZ
ulu-
Nat
al a
nd L
impo
po p
rovi
nces
.
Des
crip
tion
The
tree
is a
n ev
ergr
een,
sm
all,
spin
y de
cidu
ous
plan
t th
at c
an g
row
from
2 to
6 m
tall.
Ste
m
Th
e s
tem
ha
s sp
rea
din
g b
ran
che
s a
nd
th
e c
row
n is
rou
nded
. T
he b
ranc
hes
have
long
itudi
nal c
orki
ng
ridge
s. T
he b
ranc
hlet
s ar
e pa
le a
nd th
in w
ith h
ooke
d th
orns
.
Leav
es
Mo
nke
y o
ran
ge
lea
ves
are
lea
the
ry,
2 t
o 6
cm
lon
g a
nd
1,5
to
3,5
cm
wid
e.
Th
ey
are
op
po
site
, si
ng
le,
sho
rt,
pe
tiola
r, o
vate
an
d b
roa
d w
ith s
tiff
an
d s
ha
rp
tips.
Th
ey
are
lig
ht
to d
ark
gre
en
an
d g
loss
y a
t th
e ba
se.
Usu
ally
sm
ooth
, 3
to 5
-vei
ned
from
the
bas
e,
the
mid
rib
pro
min
en
t b
elo
w a
nd
th
e v
ein
s sl
igh
tly
prom
inen
t on
both
sur
face
s.
Bar
k
Gre
y, r
ough
, te
nds
to f
lake
in r
ecta
ngul
ar s
egm
ents
bu
t is
not d
eepl
y fis
sure
d.
Flo
wer
s
Mal
e an
d fe
mal
e flo
wer
s ar
e bo
rne
sepa
rate
ly o
n th
e sa
me
plan
t. F
low
ers
are
crea
my
gree
n, u
p to
6 m
m,
born
e in
com
pact
hea
ds a
bout
3,5
to 4
cm
.
Fru
it
The
frui
t is
larg
e, g
rape
siz
e, a
bout
10
cm in
dia
met
er
an
d w
eig
hs
ove
r 0
,45
kg
. It
is
rou
nd
wit
h a
th
ick,
w
oo
dy
rin
d,
gre
en
or
blu
e-g
ree
n t
urn
ing
bro
wn
ish
yello
w w
ith a
ge, e
nclo
sing
man
y la
rge
seed
s in
a y
el-
low
ish,
str
ong-
smel
ling
pulp
. The
frui
t is
usua
lly d
ark
gree
n an
d w
hite
spe
ckle
d w
hen
unrip
e an
d be
com
es
yello
w o
r or
ange
whe
n rip
e.
Clim
atic
and
soi
l req
uire
men
ts
Tem
pera
ture
Mon
key
oran
ge p
refe
rs a
war
m c
limat
e an
d a
plac
e w
ith fu
ll su
n, b
ut c
an to
lera
te s
ome
shad
e. It
is s
ensi
-tiv
e to
fros
t.
Rai
nfal
l
Mon
key
oran
ge is
a d
roug
ht r
esis
tant
, se
mi-
deci
du-
ou
s sp
eci
es.
It
req
uir
es
on
ly a
mo
de
rate
vo
lum
e o
f w
ater
. It g
row
s in
sem
iarid
are
as w
ith r
ainf
all f
rom
as
low
as
600
mm
.
Soi
l
The
tre
e is
fou
nd g
row
ing
sing
ly in
wel
l-dr
aine
d so
il.
It is
cap
able
of
grow
ing
in a
n ar
id,
sem
iari
d ar
ea,
in
po
or,
ro
cky
soil.
It
als
o o
ccu
rs in
sa
nd
y so
il a
lon
g riv
erba
nks.
Cul
tivat
ion
prac
tices
Pro
paga
tion
Mo
nke
y o
ran
ge
is
fre
qu
en
tly
gro
wn
fro
m s
ee
d.
It
can
als
o b
e g
row
n b
y ve
ge
tativ
e p
rop
ag
atio
n u
sin
g gr
aftin
g.
Pla
ntin
g
See
d sh
ould
be
colle
cted
fro
m h
igh-
qual
ity f
ruit
and
clea
ned
thor
ough
ly. S
eed
can
germ
inat
e w
ithou
t any
p
re-t
rea
tme
nt,
bu
t so
aki
ng
th
e s
ee
d in
wa
ter
for
24
hour
s w
ill im
prov
e ge
rmin
atio
n. S
eed
shou
ld b
e so
wn
at th
e de
pth
of 2
to 3
cm
in p
ots
or s
eedb
eds.
Pla
nts
shou
ld b
e sp
aced
app
roxi
mat
ely
1 m
apa
rt.
Pes
t and
dis
ease
con
trol
Bec
ause
of
its o
uter
she
ll, it
is r
esis
tant
to
fung
i and
fr
uit f
lies.
Few
ser
ious
pes
ts h
ave
been
obs
erve
d, li
ke
aphi
ds. O
ften
a fo
rcef
ul s
pray
of w
ater
or a
wat
er-s
oap
solu
tion
whe
n ap
plie
d w
ith a
ppro
pria
te e
quip
men
t will
pr
ovid
e su
ffici
ent c
ontr
ol.
Har
vest
ing
mat
urity
Fru
it i
s a
vaila
ble
fo
r h
arv
est
ing
fro
m O
cto
be
r to
D
ece
mb
er.
Rip
e f
ruit
is d
ete
rmin
ed
by
full
de
velo
p-
men
t of c
olou
r (y
ello
w o
r or
ange
). T
he fr
uit i
s no
rmal
ly
harv
este
d m
anua
lly b
y ha
nd p
icki
ng.
Use
s
Rip
e fr
uit i
s ed
ible
and
ric
h in
pro
tein
, mag
nesi
um, p
o-ta
ssiu
m a
nd c
onta
ins
mod
erat
e qu
antit
ies
of v
itam
in
C. I
t can
be
sund
ried
as fo
od p
rese
rves
. It i
s us
ed to
m
ake
jam
, jui
ce, v
ario
us fr
uit w
ines
and
dry
frui
t rol
ls.
The
dri
ed f
ruit,
aft
er t
he s
eeds
hav
e be
en r
emov
ed,
are
ofte
n us
ed a
s so
undi
ng-b
oxes
for
mus
ical
inst
ru-
men
ts s
uch
as t
he x
ylop
hone
(m
arim
ba).
Flu
tes
can
be m
ade
from
the
drie
d sh
ells
. Tim
ber f
rom
this
tree
is
Sci
entif
ic n
ame:
S
tryc
hnos
spi
nosa
Fam
ily:
Str
ychn
acea
e
Com
mon
nam
es:
Mon
key
oran
ge, G
roen
klap
per,
Mor
apa,
um
Kw
akw
a, N
sala
,
Mur
amba
, Um
hlal
i
