United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

November 2016

Y-Camp Low EchoOrganizational Camp Project

Special Use Permit KLA643

DRAFT Environmental Assessment

Klamath Ranger District, Fremont-Winema National Forest

Klamath County, Oregon

T. 37S.R. 5E. Section 15 Willamette Meridian

Existing Beaver Lodge looking South from shoreline of Lake of the Woods (June 2014)

For more information contact: Mike DeSmit, Project Leader

Klamath Ranger District

2819 Dahlia Street Suite A

Klamath Falls, Oregon 97601

(541) 885-3404

mdesmit@fs.fed.us

Prepared by: Rabe Consulting for the USDA Forest Service

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INTRODUCTION

Use and occupancy of Camp Low Echo, an organizational camp, on National Forest System

Lands is authorized by an existing special use permit (KLA643) under the authority of the Act of

March 4, 1915, 16 U.S.C. 497. The permit holder (Ashland Family YMCA) for Y-Camp Low

Echo has requested authorization to raze and replace several structures and upgrade facilities at

the existing organizational camp. Upgrades would be designed with the historic character in mind

and would provide improved, year-round facilities in accordance with the terms and conditions of

the Organizational Camp Special Use Permit (2016), applicable elements of the Recreation

Residence Operating and Maintenance Plan Lake of theWoods and Recreation Creek Tracts

Fremont-Winema National Forests (March 2007),applicable elements of the Fremont-Winema

Design Guidelines for Recreation Residential Tracts (2007), and Memorandum of Agreement

between the Oregon State Historic Office, Fremont-Winema National Forest and Ashland Family

YMCA (2013). See Figure 1 for vicinity map.

The following are specific conditionsneeding to be addressed related to the major structures at

Camp Low Echo.

Beaver Lodge: The building lacks aproper foundation with no footings below the frost

line and has suffered from severe settling. Thefloor of the main dining area is more than

5" out of level in places. Settlement has resulted in rackeddoors, inoperable windows and

related interior cracking. The kitchen wing is significantly out of leveland has multiple

issues that complicate its utility and function. Kitchen facilities are substandard, with

severe deterioration.There is no insulation in any of thebuilding cavities; even if the

settlement issueswere addressed, insulation would require significant

deconstruction,damaging the existing character.

Small Administrative Buildings: These include the Infirmary (Band Aid), Rovejo, Staff

Restroom and Tree House buildings. Though of smaller scale, these buildings all have

similar settlement andfoundation issues as theBeaver Lodge, having been constructed

upon stacked stone or concrete pier blocks. "This has resulted in sloping floors, doors and

windows that are outof plumb, and compromised structural integrity of the floor

structure" (ORW, 2014). There is additionalevidence of mold and rot, particularly around

penetrations. As noted, due to existing conditions andproximity to the proposed new

Lodge construction, the Tree Houseand Rovejo are proposed for removal. TheBand Aid

(Infirmary) buildingwouldbe restored on-site and the Staff Restroom wouldbe relocated

and usedfor storage.

The proposed project is designed in conformance with the Winema National Forest Land and

Resource Management Plan, as amended (USDA Forest Service, 1990) and is consistent with the

goals, objectives and standards for Management Area 2 and Management Intensities -

Management Area 2D: Developed Recreation, Special-Use Permit Areas.The project locationis

within matrix lands covered under the Forest Plan Amendment for Management of Habitat for

Late-successional and Old Growth Forest Related Species within the Range of the Northern

Spotted Owl, also known as the Northwest Forest Plan (USDA & USDI, 1994). The Winema

National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Amendment 16 administratively withdrew

the recreational area around Lake of the Woods from Late Successional Reserve (USFS 2004)

designation and reclassified the recreational area as matrix lands.

ThisEnvironmental Assessment (EA) was prepared by a third party contractor and has been

reviewed by resource specialistsof the Fremont-Winema National Forest.This documentdiscloses

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

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the direct, indirect and cumulative environmental impacts that would result from the proposed

action and alternatives.

The Responsible Official for this project is Heather Berg, District Ranger Klamath Ranger

District. In making her decision, the Responsible Official will review the purpose and need, the

Proposed Action and other alternatives, the environmental consequences, and public comments.

Figure 1. Vicinity Map

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PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION

The permit holder (Ashland Family YMCA) has requested to improve some structures, raze

several other existing structures and replace them with new structures constructed with modern

materials and conveniences. This includes utilities and plumbing to meet current health and

safety building codes, adding septic fields to accommodate the permitted capacity of the camp,

and creating accessibility for disabled persons. These proposed actions are consistent with the

parameters within the facilities in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Organizational

Camp Special Use Permit (2016), applicable elements of the Recreation Residence Operating and

Maintenance Plan Lake of the Woods and Recreation Creek Tracts Fremont-Winema National

Forests (March 2007), applicable elements of the Fremont-Winema Design Guidelines for

Recreation Residential Tracts (2007), and Memorandum of Agreement between the Oregon State

Historic Office, Fremont-Winema National Forest, and Ashland Family YMCA (2013).

Replacing and improving structures is a permissible action under the Organizational Camp

Permit.

All the forest stands in the project area and the surrounding parcel are overstocked with trees, to a

point that restricts the growth of healthy vegetation. The canopy is closed with virtually no

understory vegetation present. Trees are stressed; and many conifers are dying from insect

infestation and disease. Many have already fallen (approximately 75 trees) on the ground nearly

striking and damaging existing structures. Growth rates for trees are low as they compete for

water, nutrients, and growing space. Heavy accumulations of needle fall, dead twigs, branches,

and downed trees are contributing to high fuel loading.

The Camp Low Echo Project proposes to removeall trees within new building footprints and

hazard trees that threaten new or existing structures or areas of concentrated human useas part of

a 10 year vegetation management plan to address tree hazards and improve forest health by

increasing the vigor of existing trees, and facilitatingtree, shrub, and forb regeneration.

There are 2purpose and needs for the project:

Ensure that facilities comply with current health and safety codes and provide Americans

with Disability Act (ADA) accessibility to allow camp use at its permitted capacity of

250 people. This will be accomplished either by improving or razing and replacing

structures.

The need to provide a safe recreational experience for campers utilizing the

organizational camp and protect structures by actively managing hazardtrees.

PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND TRIBAL CONSULTATION

This project was listed in the Fremont-Winema National Forest Schedule of Proposed Actions

starting in July 2016. The project was listed on the Forest‟s website at http://data.ecosystem-

management.org/nepaweb/nepa_project_exp.php?project=46726.

Scoping for this project was conducted by Rabe Consulting, a third-party consultant, contracted

by the Ashland Family YMCA. Instructions and oversight for conducting scoping were provided

by Heather Berg (District Ranger) and Mike DeSmit (Special Uses Permit Administrator),

Klamath Ranger District, Fremont-Winema National Forest.

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Scoping included contacting by email or letter the President of the Cabin Owners Association

(who then contactedall cabin permit holders), other permittees in the Lake of the Woods area

including Camp Ester Applegate, Boy Scout Camp, Lake of the Woods Resort, the State Historic

Preservation Society, the Lake of the Woods History Association, the Klamath Tribe and the

YMCA Board of Directors.

Scoping began on July 13, 2016, and concluded on August 13, 2016. Twenty-four responses were

received. Emails and letters received in response to scoping are contained in the project record.

Comments from the letters and emails received and responses to those comments are summarized

below. Multiple comments were made regarding public support of the proposed project and are

noted in the project file.

Comments Response

Comment 1: A cultural resource survey

should be completed prior to ground

disturbing activities.

A surface survey for cultural resources will be

completed and any cultural resources discovered will

be protected.

Comment 2: The current plan should

include the proposed trail by the

Historical Society, which would connect

the homeowner road to the existing

snowmobile trail through the Low Echo

camp.

Earlier versions of this proposed project did show a

connecting trail through Camp Low Echo; however,

the USFS has decided to analyze the trail in its

entirety as a separate project, so the trail was

removed from the Camp Low Echo proposal.

Comment 3: Several commenters

thought the FS should require the permit

holder to incorporate Best Management

Practices including:

protect intact native plant

communities on site

protect all wetlands on site and

minimize impacts to adjacent

wetlands

protect wetland soils and plants

when designing and constructing

the board walk

avoid/minimize removal of large

trees

incorporate measures for weed

prevention and removal for the

entire permit term

protect riparian areas, water

quality and environment

plant vegetation for visual

screening.

The Ashland YMCA has decided to remove the

boardwalk from their original proposal eliminating

direct wetland impacts. The proposed action

includes Best Management Practices or Project

Design Criteria that minimize or eliminate the

potential for indirect impacts to wetlands and

incorporates measures to preventweed introduction

or spread to the site. Term and Condition 8.G in the

Special Use Permit addresses treatment of the known

weed populations on-site by the Ashland YMCA.

The proposed action includes a Vegetation

Management Plan which serves to promote healthy

trees and a healthy forest over time. It includes

planting vegetation for regeneration and

sustainability of vegetation in the area as well as for

visual screening. Tree removal will not occur unless

necessary for building construction or upgrading or if

deemed a hazardto life or property (see Field Guide

for Hazard Tree Identification and Mitigation on

Developed Sites in Oregon and Washington Forests

(R6-NR-TP-021-2013 USDA FS, Forest Health

Protection, PNW Region, Portland, OR).

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Comment4: One commenter expressed

concerns about where the financing will

come from for the project and ongoing

costs for YMCA staff and maintenance.

The Forest Service prepared a Financial Ability

Determination regarding the Ashland Family

YMCA‟s financial capability to implement and

maintain the Terms and Conditions of the Special

Use permit prior to issuing the permit. The Ashland

Family YMCA was deemed financially able to meet

those terms.

Comment5: Supports the refurbishment

of the camp, but hopes that the focus will

be on environmental care.

The analysis contained herein finds no significant

effects to the lake or environmental hazards to

neighboring residents.

Comment 6: Structures should blend

with the rustic environment and continue

the basic “camp” aesthetic. Structures

should be single story or no more than

two-story.

The design of the structures wouldbe consistent with

Terms and Conditions set forth in Special Use Permit

and Fremont-Winema Design Guidelines for

Recreation Residential Tracts. None of the proposed

structures are 2-story buildings.

Comment 7: One commenter

expressed concern regarding noise and

visual impacts to neighbors from

mechanical systems at the new lodge,

trash collection and loading/unloading

areas.

Visual and auditory impacts to neighbors were

considered in the design and layout of the camp. The

proposed location of lodge was shifted slightly south,

away from the north property boundary and Cabin

A1.No deck would be constructed on the north side

of the lodge to discourage campers presence near the

northern property boundary.

Comment 8: Septic drainfield #3 on the

map – located uphill from lots A-1 and

A-2 – could affect water quality for the

wells on these properties.

The design and location of the septic

drainfieldswouldmeet Klamath County standards.

Comment 9: Three commenters noted

that it was unclear how traffic will enter

the camp; the plan shows what appears to

be a new access road through the

residential area. They preferred the

primarily access be from Dead Indian

Memorial Road.

The primary entrance to the Camp is from Dead

Indian Memorial Road and would not change. The

existing access to the camp from recreation residence

road would be slightly realignedandmaintained for

safety, but is not a primary access entrance.

Comment 10: Two commenters were

concerned about noise associated with

camp use and the impacts to recreational

residents.

Noise and traffic associated with camp activities

generally occur during the daytime. The camp has a

camper-curfew limiting outdoor noise to specific

hours minimizing disturbance to neighbors. The total

occupancy of the camp would not change.

Comment 11: The USFWS noted that

gray wolves have been documented

(dispersing) in the Lake of the Woods

area but denning is not expected there.

Human presence in the area likely precludes gray

wolf denning in or nearby the project site. Therefore,

there wouldbe no effect to gray wolf.

Comment 12: The USFWS commented

that a seasonal restriction on construction

activities during eagle nesting periods

may be needed if a nest is found nearby.

There are no known nesting bald eagles within 660-

feet of the project site.

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Comment 13: The USFWS suggest

protocol surveys for northern spotted owl

along with seasonal restrictions during

nesting the season. The recommended

minimization measures for vegetation

treatments where possible to retain

habitat elements such as snags and down

logs.

Northern spotted owl surveys occur annually in the

area and no owls have been detected within 0.5 miles

of the camp. Therefore, there is no need for a

seasonal restriction. Snags outside of the

concentrated use area near the lodge and cabins and

downed logs wouldbe maintained where possible.

Comment 14: RV sites are shown on

the plan; does the camp have the same

restrictions for RVs (14 days per year) as

cabin owners? They are close to adjacent

cabins and could increase noise/activity

near neighbors.

There is no specific Term and Condition for RV site

use in this Special Use permit; however, the capacity

of the site is 250 people and RV use contributes to

the capacity of the site. Between scoping and this

draft, the number of RV sites was eliminated.

Comment 15: There should not be any

artificial lighting for the basketball or

volleyball areas that would detract from

the night sky.

Currently, there are lights at the basketball and

volleyball areas. These lights wouldbe maintained

for safety reasons, but their use is minimal, as these

are generally day-time activities. Lighting would be

consistent with section 3.B.9 of the Design

Guidelines which requires lighting to be pointed

downward.

Comment 16: Two comments asked if

this permit allowed commercial activity,

such as renting of facilities for weddings,

conferences, events, that are intended for

fund-raising rather than camp-based

activities.

Use of the site by other groups is allowed in the

Terms and Conditions of the Special Use Permit;

however, this use must be in line with the mission,

philosophy and values of the Ashland Family

YMCA.

In 2013, in anticipation of the proposed action communication with the Oregon State Historic

Preservation Office (SHPO) was initiated. In December 2013, the Oregon State Historic

Preservation Office reconfirmed its earlier Determination (2003) that multiple structures within

the 32-acre Camp Low Echo site were eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic

Places and that removal would be an adverse effect to those historic properties.

To address the adverse effect of the proposed action, the Fremont-Winema National Forest and

the Ashland Family YMCA consulted with the Oregon SHPO pursuant to 36 CFR Part 800,

implementing Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f). The result

of that consultation was a Memorandum of Agreement between the Fremont-Winema National

Forest, the Oregon SHPO, and the Ashland Family YMCA signed August 11, 2015 that stipulates

certain actions and activities that will be undertaken by the owners to mitigate the adverse

impacts, including retaining the Cook House (Treehouse) in place and converted to a

museum/interpretive center documenting the history of the camp. In September 2016, the

Ashland Family YMCA requested modification to this agreement asking to swap retention of the

Infirmary (BandAid) building instead of the Cook House (Treehouse). This consultation is

underway and is not complete.

This project was presented to the Klamath Tribes at Quarterly SOPA meetings in April and

September 2016. Letters were also sent to several directors and the Tribal Chairman. No

concerns were raised.

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PROJECT LOCATION

Lake of the Woods Recreation Area comprises 2,050 acres, 1,227 of which are lake, and 823 are

forested lands, located on the Fremont-Winema National Forest in Klamath County, Oregon. This

mountain lake situated near the crest of the Cascade Mountains, at an elevation of 4,949 feet, is

the most popular destination on the Forest and is easily accessed from the cities of Medford and

Ashland to the west and the city of Klamath Falls to the east via State Highway 140.

Lake of the Woods Recreation area is currently managed as a developed recreation area with two

campgrounds, three day-use areas, the Visitor/Work Center, a resort facility, three organizational

camps and a recreation resident tract of 218 occupied and 11 unoccupied lots.

Y-Camp Low Echo is located in the F-Block of recreation residents on the southeastern shoreline

of Lake of the Woods in Klamath County, Oregon.The lot is approximately 32.16 acres, and is

identified on Klamath Couth Assessor‟s Map 37-5, Detail #7, as Lot 5 (T.37S., R.5E., Section 15,

SE1/4, W.M.)shown in Figure 2 below.Although the project parcel encompasses approximately

32 acres, most of the development is confined to around 14 acres.

Figure 2. “F-Block” Lake of the Woods Vicinity Map, Klamath County, Oregon

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

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PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES

The proposed action and no action have been analyzed in detail. Other alternatives were

considered but not analyzed in detail. All are described in this section.

No Action Alternative

Under the No Action Alternative, the Special Use Permit reissued to the Ashland Family YMCA

in 2016 would continue with no change from existing management scenario. Upgrade and

modificationof the existing buildings within their existing footprints would occur to address the

range of structural shortcomings and damage. This alternative would raise the buildings and

install entirely new foundations above frost level, work to improve interior systems and invasive

modifications to allow for the insulation and weatherization of structures that were not designed

for those elements. This alternative would involve extensive modification to the existing

structures yet still would retain reliance upon the existing substandard and mismatched materials.

The total capacity of the camp, 250 individuals, would not change.

Heavy accumulations of ground fuels from fallen trees would be removed and potential hazard

trees would be abatedin accordance with conservation plans for Survey and Manage Fungi that

occur on the site.

Proposed Action

The Klamath Ranger District proposes to approve the Ashland Family YMCAMaster

Development Plan (MDP) as described below and consistent with applicable elements of the

terms and conditions of the Organizational Camp Special Use Permit (2016), applicable elements

of the Recreation Residence Operating and Maintenance Plan Lake of the Woods and Recreation

Creek Tracts Fremont-Winema National Forests (March 2007), applicable elements of the

Fremont-Winema Design Guidelines for Recreation Residential Tracts (2007), and Memorandum

of Agreement between the Oregon State Historic Office, Fremont-Winema National Forest and

Ashland Family YMCA (2013).

The Ashland Family YMCA proposes to replace (remove existing structure and replace with a

new structure in the same location), construct (new structure) or upgrade (maintain, repair,

improve an existing structure or feature), nearly all of the facility components at the camp to

bring facilities up to current building and safety codes. Energy efficient features would also be

incorporated. All structures and features would continue to be repaired and maintained through

the life of the permit. The specific materials and colors would meet the Fremont-Winema Design

Guidelines for Recreation Residential Tracts and would be approved by the Authorized Officer

prior to construction.

Combined, these facilities would allow for continued summer season “camp” use, would facilitate

winter-season use and would provide accessibility to handicapped persons. The total capacity of

the camp, 250 individuals, would not change. The actions are proposed to occur over the next 10

years in 2 phases as YMCA funds and resources allow.

The proposed phases of implementation are identified below. All proposed actions identified in

the phases below occur within a 14-acre Project Area, which includes all areas potentially

impacted by the proposal building footprints, footpaths, parking lots, and areas of concentrated

use.

Figure 3 shown below is a conceptual drawing of the proposed master site plan.

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Figure 3. Conceptual Drawing of Proposed Y-Camp Low Echo Master Site Plan, Lake of the Woods (ORW - Ogden Roemer Wilkerson

Architecture, October 12, 2016)

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Phase One:Would start in late fall 2016 or early 2017 and wouldtake approximately 1.5 years to

complete.

1. Remove concentrations of downed treesin the permit area.See additional information

below under the heading regarding Tree and Downed Wood Removal.

2. Remove approximately 200 trees located in the footprint of the new structures or

expanded existing structuresand an additional 150 – 200 hazard trees. See additional

information below under the heading Tree and DownedWood Removal. 3. Remove the following structures and haul refuse offsite: Beaver Lodge, Tree House,

Rovejo, 5 bunk cabins,3 outhouses, 1shower house, and 6 storage sheds. Structure

removal would be accomplished using heavy machinery and hand labor. Some woody

material may be burned on site consistent with Klamath County and Forest Service

restrictions.

4. Renovate the Infirmary (BandAid)building and convert to a museum utilizing

components of the current Beaver Lodge for repairs to preserve historic character, as

required by the SHPO agreement.

5. Replace Beaver Lodge with a new approximately 9,000 square-foot (sf) lodge that would

include dining hall, kitchen, cook quarters and office and staff quarters and office and

meet all American with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements for disabled accessibility

(see Figure 4 below for conceptual drawing of new lodge).Structure removal would be

accomplished using heavy machinery and hand labor. Some woody material may be

burned on site consistent with Klamath County and Forest Service restrictions.

Figure 4. Conceptual Drawing of Proposed New Lodge, Lake of the Woods

6. Construct 2 cabin clusters. The cabins clusters are shown in the building envelope(blue

lines)on Figure 3. The total number of structures and their precise location may change

but all cabins would be constructed within this building envelope. Each cabin cluster

would contain1 new restroom/shower facility and7 cabins, 5 of which would be

approximately 700 square feet (sf) and 2cabinswould be approximately1,200 sf. The

southernmost cabin cluster is proposed in the location of 5 existing bunkhouses and

outhouse which would be removed.

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7. Construct 4new storage buildings approximately 350-450 square feet each, 2 near the

main entrance parking lot and 1 east of new lodge and 1 near the dock.

8. Replacethe dock with a new approximately 2,600 sfdock and install swimming marker

system.

9. Construct a covered, open-sided pavilion between the Lodge and cabins for gathering,

camper orientation and registration, and education space.

10. Develop an outdoor amphitheater consisting of a large fire ring and circular seating for

fireside gatherings.

11. Construct the septic, water, electrical, and propane infrastructure to support all buildings

and activities proposed in Phase One and Two (see information below under the

heading Utilities).

12. Construct parking areas near Dead Indian Memorial Road, staff parking near the new

lodge, visitor parking area, and realign the access/service road on the northeastern

perimeter. Parkingareas would be leveled using heavy equipment and graveled. Trees in

the parking area footprints would be removed as part of item 2.

13. Maintain existing well and pump house structures.

14. Maintain footpaths/service roads and minimize soil compaction outside paths. Paths and

roads would remain as natural appearing as possible but would be leveled for

accessibility and graveled in places for firmness, erosion and dust control.

15. Rehabilitate compacted areas such as roads, paths and parking areas not used and plant

native vegetation as recommended in Vegetation Management Plan (Appendix A).

Phase Two: Projected 2019-2020 – this would take approximately one year to complete. Phase

2 would be contingent on funds being raised, need for additional improvements, and is contingent

upon approval of Ashland YMCA Board of Directors.

1. Renovate and expand the existing 4 bunk houses for use as educational program rooms.

2. Clear brush in existing locations of archery range, basketball court, and volleyball court

to maintain these sites for Camp games/activities as shown on the site plan drawings

(Figure 3).

3. Construct climbing wall and challenge course, a system of ground and tree-based ropes,

bridges, pulleys and buoys.

4. Remove 9 existing cement platforms from previously removed bunkhouses.

5. Develop both of the proposed tipi camping areas/tent sites with fire ring and shower

house (summer use only and with tipisstored on site during the off season). This would

be done by clearing brush and debris in the areas where tents are proposed and

creating/clearing a fire ring in the center of the site.

6. Plant and maintain native vegetation as recommended in Vegetation Management Plan

(Appendix A).

Utilities

Existing utilities would be repaired, replaced, and upgraded to meet current code requirements.

All new utilities would be placed underground. New utilities would includewater, propane,

electric, phone, and septic to new structures and features throughout the permit area.

Water is provided from an existing well certified by Oregon DEQ as a public Drinking Water

source. New Lines would be run to structures requiring water and old line no longer needed

would be removed.An underground water storage tank with an approximate 15,000-gallon

capacity would be installed northeast of the new lodge.

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There are no propane tanks currently on site; they were removed prior to the permit reissuance to

the Ashland Family YMCA. Propane would be available from two underground storage tanks

with a combined capacity of 16,000 gallons. Tanks would be installed east of the new lodge

consistent with National Fire Protection Association safety standards and guidelines.

Electricity is provided by Pacific Power Corporation. There wouldbe a 150 kilowatt propane

powered backup generator installed to ensure that lighting, refrigeration and fire suppression

systems in the lodge would operate if the power fails. This backup generator system would be

housed in an enclosure approximately 12 foot by 20 foot on the north side of the new lodge.

The septic system would be completely new. The new system utilizesAlternative Treatment

Technology, which produces cleaner effluent than standard systems to protect nearby drinking

wells and groundwater viaan anaerobic process of microorganisms that breakdown the sewage

efficiently. This system includes holding tanks with pumps and warning devices for overflow,

and wouldbe developed to meet the rules of Klamath County.

Three drain fields are identified on the Figure 3and are located away from the lake near Dead

Indian Memorial Road. Drain field lines wouldbe approximately 15 feet apart. Drain field 1, the

drain field closest to the proposed new cabins, is approximately 2,240 linear feet, and is the

primary or active drain field. The two other drain fields are identified for development; however,

they may not be necessary.Drain field 2 and 3 are space allocations for „reserve‟ or „back up‟

space required for the septic system. These spaces wouldnot be developed until such a time, if

ever, the active field fails. For the purposes of this analysis, it is assumed all 3 drain fields would

be developed. Drain field installation can work around most of the existing trees, however, there

maybe some tree clearing as approved and coordinated with the US Forest Service.

Tree and Downed Wood Removal

Approximately 200 trees located within the footprint of new structures, expansion areas of

existing structures or within footprints of septic fields would be removed. Approximately one

quarter or 40 trees of those proposed for removal are larger than 18” diameter-at-breast height

(dbh; Roninger, Personal Observations, 2016). An additional 150 to 200 hazard trees may be

identified and removed. Hazard tree identification would be conducted by a Forest Service

employee or approved Arborist certified in Hazard Tree identification using the Field Guide for

Hazard Tree Identification and Mitigation on Developed Sites in Oregon and Washington Forests

(R6-NR-TP-021-2013 USDA FS, Forest Health Protection, PNW Region, Portland, OR).

Tree removal would be accomplished by commercial contractors with a timber sale contract.

Timber receipts would be used to offset slash disposal. Any proceeds would go to the US

Treasury and any short fall would be offset by the permittee. Trees would be felled, limbed and

bucked using chainsaws or mechanical harvesters. Logs would be tractor skidded to a central log

landing located in the vicinity of the new Pavilion on Figure 3. Logs would be hauled from the

site using the primary access road to the Dead Indian Memorial Road. Depending on

construction timing needs, slash may be piled and burned on site, removed off-site to Fourmile

Quarry and burned there, or removed entirely from National Forest Lands. Regardless of slash

disposal method, minor amounts of slash would remain on site that would be piled and burned

consistent with Klamath County and Forest Service regulations.

There are at least 75 trees of various sizes currently on the ground that fell in recent years.

Approximately 1/3 of these trees have commercial value and would be removed as part of the

timber sale. Approximately 1/3 of these trees have substantial rot and decay and would be

retained on site for wildlife, fungi, and insect habitat. The remaining trees would be used on site

for access controls and lining roads and paths within the permit area.

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Following Phase I activities the permit area would be annually evaluated for hazard trees. The

number of trees that may be identified is unknown but estimated to be 0 – 10 based on experience

with other parcels and permit areas around Lake of the Woods. The permittee would be

responsible for the costs associated with tree removal and slash clean up. Trees may be sold by

the FS if commercially viable or made available for firewood.

Planting of native shrubs and trees would also occur on-site to preserve naturalness of the area.

The end result wouldbe more structural diversity and better overall health of the forest within the

project area.

Project Design Criteria

The proposed action would include the following project design and mitigationmeasures to meet

project objectives and/or to reduce or minimize unwanted effects (all replacement and

construction would comply with the following):

Implement all terms and conditions specified in the August 2015 Memorandum of Agreement

(available in project file) between the Fremont-Winema National Forest, the Oregon SHPO

and Ashland Family YMCA.

All work would comply with federal, state, and local building codes. All designs would meet

applicable elements in the Design Guidelines for Recreation Residential Tracts and the

Operating and Maintenance Plan for Residential Tracts (March 2007).

The following Best Management Practices would be implemented:

o Install temporary erosion control measures, such as a silt fence or wattle, to prevent

work site runoff from entering the lake during demolition and construction (USDA

Forest Service 2012 BMP Fac-2. Facility Construction and Stormwater Control;

USDA Forest Service 1988 BMP R-2. Erosion Control Plan).

o Timing of construction activities shall correspond with time periods when

probabilities for rain and runoff are lowest (USDA Forest Service 1988; BMP R-3.

Timing of Construction Activities), which for this area that would be the summer and

fall months.

o Consider applying erosion control (jute netting or mulch) to disturbed areas when the

project is completed (USDA Forest Service 2012 BMP Fac-2. Facility Construction

and Stormwater Control). Base the decision on observations of disturbance,

recovery, and erosion potential.

o Designate limits of the work area, as well as areas for stockpiling materials, staging

equipment, and parking. Confine disturbance to the designated areas(USDA Forest

Service 2012 BMP Fac-2. Facility Construction and Stormwater Control and BMP

Road-8. Parking and Staging Areas). Keep the work area as far away from the lake

shore as possible and no closer than 25 feet from the shoreline

o Control materials at the work site to prevent trash from blowing into the lake or

neighboring land. For example, use trash containers with lids, use durable tarps that

are weighted down rather than thin plastic sheeting or weathered tarps that produce

plastic fragments (USDA Forest Service 2012 BMP Fac-5. Solid Waste

Management).

o During construction, domestic and household type rubbish will be removed from the

site daily or stored in a closed dumpster.

o Refuel and service equipment as far away from the water as possible. Store

hazardous materials in spill-proof containers in a location where they will not be

introduced to the lake. Store these materials only in the quantities needed for the

work(USDA Forest Service BMP Road-10. Equipment Refueling and Servicing).

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

14

o Avoid the potential for soil and water resource contamination by hazardous materials

by preventing release(USDA Forest Service 2012 BMP Fac-6. Hazardous Materials).

Keep a spill kit on site for responding to unexpected leaks and spills (USDA Forest

Service 2012 BMP Road-10. Equipment Refueling and Servicing).

o Inspect equipment regularly for leaks. Repair leaky equipment (USDA Forest

Service 2012 BMP Road-10. Equipment Refueling and Servicing).

o Sanitation facilities must be in compliance with State and local regulations to prevent

degradation of water quality in groundwater and surface water resources and for the

protection of public health. (USDA Forest Service 2012 BMP Fac-4. Sanitation

Systems; USDA Forest Service 1988 BMP Rec-3. Management of Sanitation

Facilities).

o All heavy equipment necessary for operations and maintenance will be washed prior

to entering National Forest lands to reduce the potential introduction of noxious

weeds or invasive plant species (2012 BMP Fac-7. Vehicle and Equipment Wash

Water).

o Abatement will occur prior to project implementation and continue in accordance

with the Vegetation Management Plan when noxious or invasive plants are

encountered.

o Native plant materials are required for use in re-vegetation for restoration and

rehabilitation and plant mixtures/sources must be supplied and/or approved by a FS

botanist prior to use.

o Sensitive plant and fungi (mushroom) populations, including Survey and Manage

species, will be flagged prior to implementation. No construction shall occur in these

sites; however, hazard tree felling may occur within sites of survey and manage fungi

species. Trees proposed for removal would be evaluated to determine if they are host

trees for existing mycorrhizal fungi, and if so, some trees within 75 feet of fungi

population centers will be considered for potential conservation depending on

specific risk assessments to human safety and property. Tree felling within 75 feet of

fungi population sites would be directed away from population centers if possible.

Portions of fallen trees within 75 feet of fungi population centers would be left in

place unless jack-strawing becomes excessive. Portions of trees falling further than

75 feet from population centers will generally be removed.

o To reduce the risk of spreading Annosusroot disease, all freshly cut white fir and

Douglas-fir stump surfaces, 18 inches and larger, would receive a light coating of

borax within 24 hours of being cut (sodium tetraboratedecahydrate) (EPA Reg.

No.1624-94).

o All ground disturbing activities will be monitored by a qualified archeological

professional unless their presence is waived by the West Zone or Forest Archeologist.

o No building demolition will occur from April1 through September 30 to protect bats.

o Any new spotted owl nest sites located during project implementation will be

protected to LRMP standards (USDA Forest Service 1990, 4-48) with a half-mile

buffer and a seasonal restriction from March 1-September 30 or until any young are

no longer dependent on the adults, as determined by a qualified wildlife biologist, for

the life of the project. If a potential nest is found prior to June 1, the nest site will be

assumed active until June 1. If monitoring has shown that no nesting attempt has

been initiated or that a nesting attempt has failed by June 1, the nest site will be

considered inactive, and the nest site restrictions may be waived. Monitoring will be

supervised and evaluated by a qualified wildlife biologist.

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Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Study

In order to create a functional, code-compliant, multi-seasonorganizational camp, various options

for the Y-Camp Low Echo site were consideredin an effort to minimize impact on the historic

character of the site or to otherwise maintain it as an element representing the original

development period at the Lake of the Woods.

1. Remove and Replace Beaver Lodge and Rehab Other Buildings: This alternative

would remove andreplace Beaver Lodge with new, functional, construction that meets the

program goals whileretaining andrehabilitating the smaller structures for other necessary

functions. Because the proposed buildingoccupies a larger footprint than the existing

lodge, so as to adequately provide for authorized capacity and an on-sitecaretakers

residence, this alternative is not possible within the existing site arrangement nor does

itaddress the goal of providing lodging facilities to better utilize the property on a year-

roundbasis or provide ADA accessibility to existing structures. Because this alternative

does not adequately address the existing structural issues in the existing buildings to

comply with current health and safety codes or provide for ADA access to existing

facilities, it does not meet the Purpose and Need for the project and was dropped from

consideration.

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

16

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Cultural and Heritage Resources

As documented in the under the Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as

amended, Level of Effect process (SHPO Case No.13-1796; May 2014, updated September

2015), a description of the historic property in the Administrative Area of Camp Low Echo

follows:

Development of the camp began in 1946 when a group of Girl Scout fathers led by the

noted hydroelectric engineer John C. Boyle secured salvaged materials by dismantling

one or more wood-frame buildings from… US Army CantonmentGeorge A. White

(Camp White), located in what is now White City, in Jackson County, OR. In 1947-1948

by volunteer labor using materials salvaged from Camp White, Beaver Lodge, themajor

structure at Camp Low Echo [was constructed and] is a single story gable volume with

projecting gable front porch. Re-usedsiding from Camp White is evident in the regular

nailing pattern remaining from the original militaryconstruction. A kitchen wing, to the

rear, was possibly a later addition although this cannot be documented andit is made of

seemingly similar material. A free-standing walk-in cooler is located to the rear (east),

was addedlater and is not considered significant.

During the 1950s a group of detached buildings was located to the south of Beaver

Lodge, consisting of smallwood-framed gable building of 1 and 1 1/2 stories, creating the

„Administrative Area‟, providing for campservices as distinct from the scouts sleeping

areas to the south. The small wood-frame structures of theAdministrative Area are

designated by their use; The Infirmary, Camp Office, Staff Restroom and

Cook'sQuarters. All four structures were on-site by 1956.

Beaver Lodge, the first and major building on the site, is approximately 100' x 25' in the

main volume plus therear kitchen extension. It sits upon a post-and-pier foundation with

perimeter masonry support. Wall framing isof light wood (2x4) with horizontal drop

siding and 8/8 wood sash double hung windows that line the front(west) elevation facing

the lake. Concrete block chimneys (non-original construction) are located at either

gableend. Roofing is of green-painted corrugated metal, assumed to have replaced the

original material of similardesign.

The smaller structures of the Administrative Area are dated circa 1956. Varying in size,

but generally 20' wideone or one and one half story gable volumes, the Infirmary, known

as "Band-Aid," the Camp Office (known asRovejo), the Staff Restroom and the Cook's

Quarters (known as Treehouse) are located to the south of BeaverLodge in a small

grouping of two rows. Siding on these buildings is mixed, with both horizontal wood

andwooden board & batten. Roofing is all of the standard green corrugated metal, none of

which is believed to beoriginal. Windows and doors are also mixed, with some wood-

sash of varying designs, horizontal aluminumsliders and both flat and paneled doors, all

of which exhibit varied degrees of damage. Like much of Camp LowEcho, the four

administrative buildings are believed to have been built from salvaged or donated

materials, byvolunteer labor, and lack quality. Interiors have been significantly modified

and in no situation is there anyobviously original or significant design beyond the simple

„camp architecture‟ character of the facility, primarilyevidenced through the use of

Knotty Pine paneling and, in some cases, fir paneled doors, also believed to beCamp

Surplus. As a result, each of the buildings in the Administrative Area has multiple issues

17

related to lack ofmaintenance, poor, almost temporary, construction methods, and the

effects of severe weather conditions.

Beyond this core area, the remaining acreage at Camp Low Echo is largely open, with

small clusters of smallseasonal buildings used to house multiple camping units during the

summer camp occupancy during the GirlScout use period. The structures of these groups

(Breezeway, Pioneer, Highland, built c1956, and Sunnydale andTall Timbers, built

c2000), are termed „tent cabins‟ or „platforms‟. They are essentially open sided gable

roofstructures with an elevation plank floor, designed as summer shelters. Most are of

substandard frameconstruction, with mixed support systems, considerable modification.

Remaining service structures, includingstorage facilities, restrooms, showers and similar

elements, are of minor scale. Largely undated, none is believedto have been constructed

prior to 1970 and so are considered outside the period of significance. No actionaffecting

any of the tent cabins is proposed at this time beyond general maintenance and repair.

They willcontinue to provide additional summer lodging opportunities as they did during

the Girl Scout use period.

As the architect's report on Camp Low Echo's built resources notes, „Despite their

obvious charm and historicalqualities, all of the buildings at Camp Low Echo suffer the

same set of problems that are the result of age, deferred maintenance, and poor

construction.‟

Cultural resource surveys were conducted in October 2016. No cultural resources were

identified.

In 2013, in anticipation of the proposed action communication with the Oregon State Historic

Preservation Office (SHPO) was initiated. In December 2013, the Oregon State Historic

Preservation Office reconfirmed its earlier Determination (2003) that multiple structures within

the 32-acre Camp Low Echo site were eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic

Places and that removal would be an adverse effect to those historic properties.

Direct and Indirect Effects of No Action Alternative

Under this alternative, renovationor upgrade of the existing structures at Y-Camp Low Echo

would occur within their current building footprint; therefore, this alternative would preserve the

historic character of the camp or cause any new ground disturbance. Therefore, there would be

no effect to historic properties or cultural resources.

Direct and Indirect Effects of the Proposed Action

This statement of finding is made pursuant to the requirements of Section 106 of the National

HistoricPreservation Act of 1966, as amended (36 CFR 800), Executive Order 11593, and the

National EnvironmentalPolicy Act of 1969.

To address the adverse effect of the proposed action to historic structures, the Fremont-Winema

National Forest and the Ashland Family YMCA consulted with the Oregon SHPO pursuant to 36

CFR Part 800, implementing Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C.

470f).

The USDA Fremont-Winema National Forest, in concurrence with the Oregon State Historic

Preservation Officehas determined that the proposed Camp Low Echo Upgrade Project will have

an effect on a National Register eligible property, Camp Low Echo, at Lake of the Woods. An

application of the Criteria of Adverse Effect indicates that implementation of the project as

described includes the removal of three structures, Beaver Lodge, Tree House and the Camp

Office, that have each been previously determined eligible for listing on the National Register of

Historic Places. This project will result in loss of multiple resources considered significant in the

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

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history of the property. As a result, the project as proposed results in a finding of "Historic

Properties AdverselyAffected," according to the criteria set forth in 36 CFR 800.5.

Note that finding that the loss of historical resources evaluated as significant in the development

of the area and history of the property the criteria set forth in 36 CFR 800.5, is not the same as

“significance” as defined under the NEPA, which includes the consideration of context and

intensity (40 CFR, §1508.27).

To address the adverse effect of the proposed action, the Fremont-Winema National Forest and

the Ashland Family YMCA consulted with the Oregon SHPO pursuant to 36 CFR Part 800,

implementing Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f). The result

of that consultation was a Memorandum of Agreement between the Fremont-Winema National

Forest, the Oregon SHPO, and the Ashland Family YMCA signed August 11, 2015 that stipulates

certain actions and activities that wouldbe undertakenby the owners to mitigate the adverse

impacts. These mitigations include the rehabilitation of the interior and exterior of the Band Aid

building using salvage materials from the razed structures to preserve historic character and its

conversion to museum/interpretive center documenting the history of the Lake of the Woods and

the Girl Scout period at Camp Low Echo. However, in September 2016, the Ashland Family

YMCA requested modification to this agreement asking to swap retention of the Infirmary

(BandAid) building instead of the Cook House (Treehouse). This consultation is underway and is

not complete. If SHPO does not agree to this request, the original Memorandum of Agreement

will be implemented and the Cook House (Treehouse) will be retained.

The site was evaluated and inventories for cultural resources. No sites were identified. A

findings of No Effect to Cultural Resources has been submitted to SHPO for their concurrence.

Surveys were conducted at an intensive level, it is not considered likely that undiscovered sites

would be found within proposed impact areas; however, in the event of an unanticipated

discovery during ground disturbing activities, the special permit clause, which provides for the

protection of newly discovered sites, would be enforced.

Given these mitigation measures, the Proposed Action will have no effect on significant cultural

resources.

Hydrology

Lake of the Woods is located near the crest of the Cascade Range in southern Oregon, 7 miles (11

km) southeast of Mount McLoughlin. It is a natural lake and is situated in a linear valley oriented

north-south, the orientation and genesis of which has been determined by regional faulting. The

west side of the lake is located adjacent to the fault plane itself with the entire lake located on the

down-thrown block, known as the footwall (Mertzman 2011).

Lake of the Woods covers 1,146 acres (4.64 km2) and is approximately 2.75 miles (4.43 km) long

and 0.75 miles (1.21 km) wide. The lake has an average depth of 27 feet (8.2 m) with a

maximum depth of 55 feet (17 m) near the western shore. The water levels in Lake of the Woods

only fluctuate about 2 feet (0.61 m) during a normal year. The surface water normally warms to

the low 70s °F (low 20s °C) in the summer and freezes in the winter.

Three tributary creeks flow into Lake of the Woods: Rainbow Creek, a year-round perennial

tributary; Billie Creek and Dry Creek have only seasonal flows. Historically, the entire watershed

of Billie Creek contributed flows to Lake of the Woods. However, with the completion of the

Cascade Canal (RRVID 2016) in 1924, which transfers water from Four Mile Lake in the Upper

Klamath Lake basin to the Fish Lake basin in the Rogue River Watershed, intercepts Billie Creek

flows. As a result, inflow to Lake of the Woods has been reduced and likely reduces the outflow

from the lake via Seldom Creek.

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Today, most of Lake of the Wood‟s water comes from groundwater. The Lake of the Woods area

receives approximately 23-30 inches of groundwater recharge annually (Gannett el al. 2012). The

lake's only outlet flows into Great Meadow, a wetland at the northeast end of the lake. Great

Meadow drains into Seldom Creek, which flows into Upper Klamath Lake. Lake of the Woods

only discharges water in the spring. During the drier summer and fall months, lake water is lost

only through groundwater seepage and evaporation.

The watershed that drains into Lake of the Woods covers 26 square miles (67 km2) and is

covered by a mixed conifer forest that receives an average of 30–44 inches (760–1,120 mm) of

precipitation annually. The primary tree species in the watershed are Douglas-fir and white fir.

The watershed also has some ponderosa pine, sugar pine, lodgepole pine, and aspen. Much of the

watershed is covered by a dense forest canopy.

Lake of the Woods currently has approximately 218 recreations residences, two campgrounds

containing a total of 122 campsites, two day use areas for swimming and picnicking, three boat

launches, three organizational camps and a resort that is in operation year-round. Most of the

residences and facilities likely contain onsite septic tank/soil absorption systems that allow for the

infiltration of domestic wastewater to the shallow groundwater. Y-Camp Low Echo has 3 pit

toilets/outhouses on site and two septic drain fields located near Dead Indian Memorial Road, set

back approximately 700 feet from the shoreline of the lake.

Onsite treatment of wastewater effluent can lead to health risks to humans and water quality

problems if treatment systems are not designed and constructed properly or not maintained. Water

quality parameters include fecal coliform bacteria, viruses and nutrients, such as nitrates and

phosphorus. For example, nitrate levels in shallow groundwater are increasing in the La Pine,

Oregon area due to contamination from residential septic systems (USGS 2007). Past water

sampling for bacteria in Lake of the Woods has resulted in positive hits for fecal coliform;

however, levels were not considered hazardous to human health. Positive counts of fecal

contamination indicate untreated wastewater is reaching the lake.

On-shore and water-based recreational activities coupled with high-density residential structures

in close proximity to the lake shore can lead to increased erosion of the shoreline and introduction

of contaminates to the water body. Ford (2004) has reported significantly increased sedimentation

rates since the early 1980s in two deep-water sediment cores from Lake of the Woods. However,

the report concluded that anthropogenic activities appear “to be leaving only a

smallpaleolimnological footprint.” In other words, the development around Lake of the Woods is

within the bounds of what the lake can tolerate.

Water quality of Lake of the Woods appears to be good, but slowly decreasing through time

(RCC 2008). Rogue Community College has monitored water quality from 1992 through at least

2007. Parameters monitored include: depth; temperature; pH; dissolved oxygen; conductivity;

transmissivity; turbidity; Secchi depth; red, blue, green, and white light penetration; chlorophyll;

14C productivity; bacteria; phytoplankton assemblages; total phosphorus; orthophosphate;

nitrate/nitrite nitrogen; silica; ammonia; alkalinity; and total dissolved solids. Results from these

studies indicate that there is slight to moderate variability in the lake‟s trophic state, but that the

lake is oligotrophic to mesotrophic. Data suggests a slow decrease in water quality through time

indicated by a slow but steady increase in total phosphorus concentrations in the lake, the slow

decrease in lake clarity as measured by the Secchi disk, and the overall increase in the average

trophic state index for the lake.

The State of Oregon searchable well log database

(http://apps.wrd.state.or.us/apps/gw/well_log/Default.aspx) shows a well log for the camp. The

well log (number KLAM 2198) for the Winema Girl Scout Council, dated 7/30/77, shows a new

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

20

well dug to a depth of 355 feet. The well was dug for domestic use, sealed with cement and with

a casing installed to a depth of 33 feet. An application for a groundwater permit (G-8491) was

submitted on October 12, 1977 and a Certificate of Water Right (48605) was issued on October 5,

1979 by the State of Oregon. This well replaced the prior water system that utilized two nearby

springs north of the current well site.

Direct and Indirect Effects of No Action

Under the No Action Alternative, the Special Use Permit reissued to the Ashland Family YMCA

in 2016 would continue with no change from existing management scenario. Upgrade and

modification the existing buildings within their existing footprints would occur to address the

range of structural shortcomings and damage.

The total capacity of the camp, 250 individuals, would not change. The current septic system

would not be upgraded and additional septic facilities would not be added to support the current

capacity of the camp. The septic system is antiquated and new technologies are available that

produce cleaner effluent to protect groundwater and nearby drinking water wells.

There would be no additional impacts on hydrologic conditions resulting from development

activities.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Proposed Action

The Y-Camp Low Echo proposal at Lake of the Woods includes improving existing structures

and constructing new facilitiesin order to bring it up to code for safety and energy efficiency and

restore fully-functional organizational camp within the terms of their Special Use Permit. The

existing and proposed structures are set back 25 feet of the edge of water. The slope of the site is

gradual. There is little vegetation along the edge of water near the lodge. There are no activities

proposed in the riparian areas.

The new proposed septic system utilizes Alternative Treatment Technology, which produces

cleaner effluent than the current standard system protecting nearby drinking wells and

groundwater, and an anaerobic process of microorganisms that breakdown the sewage quickly. It

requires less space overall for the system. This will be a beneficial impact.

Due to its proximity to the lake shore, hydrology design measures are recommended based on site

conditions. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are essential to maintaining high water quality

and meeting State Water Quality Standards. The USDA Forest Service (2012) BMPs provides a

component of the basis for compliance with State Water Quality Standards through a

Memorandum of Understanding with the State of Oregon (2014). The 1988 Pacific Northwest

Region BMPs provide the grounds for compliance and consistency with the Standards and Guides

of the Winema Land Management Plan.

Best Management Practices for this project include silt fencing placement along the shoreline

near the activity center to prevent any sedimentation from entering the lake due to runoff of any

rain events. Any equipment that is used onsite shall have the fuel contained and refueling of large

equipment shall be accomplished away from the lake shore. All equipment shall be washed prior

to being brought to the lake shore to prevent the spread of any invasive plant or aquatic

species.See the „Project Design Criteria‟ section for complete details as to what BMPs shall be

implemented during planning, construction and operation of this project. Based on implementing

these recommendations, direct and indirect impacts to shoreline condition are expected to be

confined to the actual project site.

Based on implementation of these hydrology design measures (see Project Design Criteria), this

project does not present extraordinary or significant circumstances related to water, soil, or

riparian values.

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Vegetation including Botany and Invasive Plants

The forest surrounding Lake of the Woods can currently be characterized as old growth trees

ranging in age from 80 to 800 years. A few Douglas-fir with diameters in excess of 60 inches still

exist. The stand structure is two-storied, but the lower canopy is typically 16” diameter-at-breast

height (dbh) or greater. Canopy closures average between 70% and 95%, although some openings

are present at the heart of recreation developments such as Rainbow Bay. Early seral species,

such as ponderosa pine are being lost, which is characteristic of late seral reserve. The shrub

component is minimal because of the high canopy closure, but is dominated by golden

chinquapin, a shrub that can tolerate high levels of shade. Additional associated vegetation within

the parcels includes numerous species of grasses/sedges, shrubs and forbs such as long-stolen

sedge, prince‟s pine, and big huckleberry, as well as locally isolated woody brush or tree species

such as bitter cherry and aspen.

The stands immediately around Lake of the Woods, including within the recreational residence

tract and Camp Low Echo, are generally in a late-successional condition dominated by Douglas-

fir. However, the shrub community is minimal to non-existent in many areas, even in openings

where shrubs would otherwise be expected to occur. This is due to impacts from recreational

activities, such as hiking, raking and removing tree needles and trampling vegetation.

The insect and disease mortality factors present in the area include Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe,

Douglas-fir beetle,Annosus root disease, and Indian paint fungus. These diseases are stressing

trees and resulting in standing dead or dying trees. A large windstorm in the winter of 2015

created substantial blowdown and similar events have a high potential to occur in the future.

The 2015 Region 6 Sensitive Species Plant List and Survey and Manage List was reviewed to

determine if there would be potential impacts to any sensitive or survey and manage vascular

plants, fungi, bryophyte and lichen species from project activities (USDA Forest Service 2016).

A sensitive vascular species, Carexlasiocarpa, is also present near, but outside of the project area,

at the south end of the site about 350 feet from the nearest building structure.

This project has also been reviewed for compliance with the 2001 Record of Decision and

Standard and Guidelines for Amendments to the Survey and Manage, Protection Buffer, and

other Mitigation Measure Standards and Guidelines. This project utilizes the December 2003

species list. This list incorporates species changes and removals made as a result of the 2001,

2002, and 2003 Annual Species Reviews (ASR) with the exception of the red tree vole (USDA

2014).

Pre-disturbance surveys for Survey and Manage Category A& C species are not strictly required

because the site does not occur in designated wilderness or late seral reserves. Additionally,the

14 acres on which proposed project disturbances would occur project is mainly in disturbed,

compacted, maintained (litter and woody debris removed) ground in the immediate proximity of

the cabins and driveways that are not habitat for Category A and C fungi. No lichens have been

found in this area.

The project area and Forest Service GIS Survey and Manage layer (Camp Echo-TESP; USDA

Forest Service 2016) has also been reviewed for species listed as manage known sites and

manage high priority sites (Category B, D, or E). Surveys for sensitive and Survey& Manage

fungi were conducted in the Spring and Fall of 2010 and 2011, as well as the fall of 2016 in order

to update the current distribution of two Category B Survey and Manage fungi known to occur on

the Camp Low Echo site, Ramarialargentiiand Pollozellus multiplex, although P. multiplex

occurs outside of the area proposed project disturbances. Ramarialargentiiis also listed as a US

Forest Service Strategic Species (USDA 2015). Two additional fungi species, Gyromitra

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

22

montana and Chromoseracyanophyllawere also found, but were delisted as Survey& Manage

species in 2003.

The project area and the Forest Service GIS invasive species layer were reviewed. Two species

of invasive plants, oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) and Canada thistle (Cirsiumarvense)

have been documented within the project site. These species are small populations which have

been part of ongoing invasive plant treatment efforts concentrated in more extensively invaded

areas immediately north of Camp Low-Echo as well as other portions of the Forest.

Direct and Indirect Effects of No Action Alternative

Under the no-action alternative, the permit holder would be authorized to upgrade the existing

structures within the existing building footprints. Hazard trees that threaten existing structures or

areas of concentrated use would be removed and the heavy concentrations of fallen trees and

down wood would be cleared in accordance with conservation measures for Survey and Manage

fungi. Although some adverse impacts to fungi would be unavoidable, detailed assessments of

trees proposed for cutting and down wood removal would be evaluated to minimize impacts to as

great an extent as possible. These actions would create soil disturbances and increase the

potential for invasive weed establishment, which would be evaluated and controlled under

existing weed control programs. The Vegetation Management Plan would not be implemented

to improve forest health and late-successional stand conditions would progress.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Proposed Action

Botanical Project Design Criteria are recommended based on current site conditions. These

include cleaning of heavy equipment prior to entering the site to reduce the potential introduction

of noxious weeds or invasive plant species, use of “weed free” material and use of native plant

materials for revegetation, and keeping ground-disturbing activities within already disturbed areas

such as previous structure footprints and driveways. Weed control will occur prior to project

implementation and continue in accordance with the Vegetation Management Plan when noxious

or invasive plants are encountered.

This project will remove a number of trees; approximately 350 - 400 for initial (10 year) project

development of which 20% of the trees removed are mature, large diameter (greater than 18 dbh)

conifers. Trees proposed for removal would be evaluated to determine if they are host trees for

existing mycorrhizal fungi, and if so, they will be considered for potential conservation

depending on specific risk assessments to human safety and property. Downed trees would also

be removed from the 14 acre concentrated use area. There are at least 75 trees of various sizes

currently on the ground that fell in recent years. Approximately 1/3 of these trees have

commercial value and would be removed as part of the timber sale. Approximately 1/3 of these

trees have substantial rot and decay and would be retained on site for wildlife, fungi, and insect

habitat. The remaining trees would be used on site for access controls and lining roads and paths

within the permit area, which could also provide value to wildlife and fungi species.

In general, overall tree removal for development and the additional removal of hazard trees would

result in: reduced risk of property damage and human safety concerns from danger trees, reduced

stress and competition among remaining trees, and a more open canopy which would result in

more understory growth of shrubs and herbaceous layers, as well as increased growth of younger

conifer trees. The end result would be more structural diversity and better overall health of the

forest within the project area. Although the project parcel encompasses approximately 32 acres,

tree removal is confined to 14 acres.

Project Design Criteria state that special status fungi sites would be flagged prior to

implementation. The 3 fungi sites are in close proximity to one another and will be buffered by

an additional 75 feet. No construction is proposed to occur in these buffered sites; however,

23

hazard tree felling may occur with additional evaluations as discussed above. Hazard trees would

be directionally fallen away from fungi population centers if possible. Once hazard trees are

fallen, portions of trees within fungi population perimeters will be left on site, and tree portions

that extend beyond perimeter may be cut and removed. Falling hazard trees will create some soil

disturbance which would stimulate mushroom growth. Leaving down wood within the site

perimeter could provide additional habitat for fungi in the future. Stumps of trees felled within

buffer areas will be boraxed to prevent Annosus fungi from damaging other trees and perpetuating

hazardous conditions, but this should not adversely affect the Survey and Manage fungi.

Despite these mitigation efforts, it is likely that somefungi sites may be adversely effected, which

will be unavoidable for the sake of maintaining human safety and property. Nonetheless, existing

populations will be conserved to as great an extent as possible with reasonable assurances of

preserving the species on site. However, if individuals or habitat are impacted, this would not

likely contribute to a trend toward federal listing or loss of viability to the population or species.

Additionally, the Vegetation Management Plan would work to achieve a Desired Future

Condition of vegetation at the Camp Low Echo site that is a healthy, mature, forested ecosystem

throughout the Camp, while addressing fire and safety issues in the developed areas. Desired

Future Condition includes utilizing native plants to increase the visual buffer between Camp

facilities and neighboring residential areas; control of noxious and invasive plants; increased

diversity of understory plants; growth of replacement trees on site; and a defensible space around

structures. Wetland vegetation would remain intact in the meadow areas and along the lake

shore, which support the sensitive sedge species Carexlasiocarpa.

Wildlife

Lake of the Woods provides habitat for a wide variety of bird species. Grebes, ducks, geese, and

occasionally common loons can be observed on the lake. The lake also attracts fish-eating birds

including osprey and bald eagles. In the forest around the lake, there are mountain chickadees,

western tanagers, red-breasted nuthatch, yellow-rumped warbler, red crossbills, hermit thrush,

golden-crowned kinglet, Steller's jays, gray jays, Vaux's swifts, common nighthawk, hairy

woodpeckers, downy woodpeckers, and accipiters, including northern goshawks, a Winema

National Forest Management indicator species. The forest is also home to a number of owl

species including great horned owls, great gray owls, northern spotted owls (a federally

threatened species), northern saw-whet owls, and northern pygmy-owls.

The fir dominated forest around Lake of the Woods is also home to numerous mammals, both

large and small. The large mammals include black-tailed deer, elk, black bears, coyotes, bobcats,

and cougars. Some of the small mammals include porcupines, western spotted skunks, striped

skunks, minks, long-tailed weasels, snowshoe hares, yellow-bellied marmots, golden-mantled

ground squirrels, Douglas squirrels, bushy-tailed woodrats, creeping voles, deer mice, and

northern pocket gophers.

The insect and disease mortality factors present in the area include Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe,

Douglas-fir beetle,Annosus root disease, and Indian paint fungus, creating standing and fallen

large dead or dying trees. These trees provide nesting and foraging opportunities for pileated

woodpeckers, a Winema National Forest Management Indicator Species. Pileated woodpeckers

forage on dead trees and fallen logs in search of their main prey, carpenter ants, leaving unique

rectangular holes in the wood.

The structures also provide habitat for wildlife. Bats species, such as fringed myotis (a Region 6

USFS Sensitive Species), use a wide variety of structures such as caves, mines, and buildings as

well as snags as day roosts during the summer months. At Lake of the Woods, bats were heard

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24

roosting and guano was noted on several structures including Rovejo and the sheds near Beaver

Lodge at Camp Low Echo; the species of bat were not determined (Trisha Roninger, personal

observation, July 29, 2016).

The proposed project is located within designated critical habitat for the northern spotted owl and

is also classified as dispersal habitat. Dispersal habitat for northern spotted owls lacks one of the

three essential functions (nesting, roosting and foraging) that are required within a home range of

a northern spotted owl. Dispersal habitat allows for the movement of young owls between larger

habitat patches that provide all 3 nesting, roosting and foraging habitat features. Stands of

spotted owl dispersal habitat have more than 40% canopy closure, with trees at least 11-inch

diameter-at-breast height (DBH) and provide shelter from weather and predators, and minimal

foraging opportunities (USFWS 2012). Critical habitat does not include manmade structures and

the land on which they are located (USFWS 2012).

As the Klamath Ranger District falls within the lands covered by the Northwest Forest Plan,

known sites of wildlife species listed in the 2001 Record of Decision (ROD) must be protected

from disturbing management activities, known as the Survey and Manage provisions. There are

no known sites pertaining to listed wildlife species within the project area(Howard, personal

communication, 2016). Pre-disturbance activities are not required as the planned activities are not

“likely to have a significant negative impact on the species‟ habitat, its life cycle, microclimate,

or life support requirements” (USDA, USDI 2001). Most of the animals listed in the Survey and

Manage category are included in the R6 Sensitive Species List or on other lists already discussed

in this report. Other wildlife species are also discussed in the NWFP, primarily animals associated

with snags and old growth mixed conifer or ponderosa pine forests.

Direct and Indirect Effects of No Action Alternative

Under the no-action alternative, the permit holder would upgrade the existing structures within

their current footprints.Hazard trees that threaten existingstructuresand areas of concentrated use

by campers would be removed and the heavy concentrations of fallen trees and down wood

would be cleared.Removing fallen trees would reduce foraging opportunities for pileated

woodpeckers, although their current use of the developed recreation area is likely very limited.

Based on the lost foraging opportunities for pileated woodpeckers, this project may impact

individuals or habitat, but would not likely contribute to a trend toward federal listing or loss of

viability to the population or species and will not result in significant impacts as defined by

NEPA. There would be no additional impacts on wildlife or habitat conditions resulting from this

alternative.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Proposed Action

The 2015 Region 6 Sensitive Species Wildlife List was reviewed for this project. This list was

reviewed to determine if there would be any potential impacts to any terrestrial wildlife species

from project activities (USDA Forest Service 2016). The biological evaluation concludes this

project would have no impact to R6 Sensitive Species, except the fringed myotis, a bat species

that roosts in structures. This project wouldremove a number of trees from the 14-acre developed

area. Additionally, several structures including the Beaver Lodge, Rovejo, and sheds would be

razed and replaced.

Project Design Criteria include a seasonal restriction on the timing of which building demolition

could occur. This timing restriction will ensure that bats have migrated to their hibernaculum and

would not be present roosting on the building when they are demolished. However, the razing of

the building would remove roosting habitat currently used by bats, although new structures would

be built in their place the new structures likely would not provide desirable roosting habitat for

bats. The proposed project may impact roosting habitat, but would not likely contribute to a trend

toward federal listing or loss of viability to the population or species.

25

Tree removal including standing and downed trees also has the potential to impact twoWinema

National Forest Indicator Species, the pileated woodpecker and northern goshawk. The standing

and downed tree removal would change the amount of habitat in the 14-acre developed area by

removing standing dead and downed trees that provide foraging and nesting opportunities for

pileated woodpeckers and goshawks, although their current use of the developed recreation area

is likely very limited due to human presence. The project area wouldalso retain the features of

pileated woodpecker and northern goshawk habitat across the larger 32-acre site and in the

surrounding forest.Additionally, approximately 1/3 of the existing downed trees of various sizes

and stages of decay would be retained which may provide foraging opportunities for pileated

woodpeckers. This project may impact individuals or habitat for pileated woodpeckers or

northern goshawks, but would not likely contribute to a trend toward federal listing or loss of

viability to the population or species.

Although the permit area encompasses 32-acres mapped as dispersal habitat within the northern

spotted owl critical habitat designation, most of the development is confined to 14-acres, which

was developed in the 1940‟s prior to the listing of the northern spotted owl and designation of

critical habitat. Dispersing owls are unlikely to have been historically or currently utilizing this

area due to the residential and camp development and human activity that has existed at this

location since the 1940s. Disturbance also comes from adjacent recreation residences,

recreational activities on the lake, and nearby vehicle traffic on Dead Indian Memorial Road. In

these 14 acres, openings in the canopy occur, but the surrounding forest is almost 100% canopy

closure. The average canopy closure within the 14-acre project area is 95%(Andréa Rabe,

personal observation, August 15, 2016).

This project would remove a number of trees from the 14-acre developed area. Downed trees

would also be removed from the project developed area. In general, overall tree removal for

development and the additional removal of hazard trees would result in: reduced risk of property

damage and human safety concerns from danger trees, reduced fire risk in this developed area,

reduced stress and competition among remaining trees, and a more open canopy which would

result in more understory growth of shrubs as well as increased growth of younger conifer trees.

The end result would be more structural diversity and better overall health of the forest within the

project area. Greater understory diversity has the potential to attract a greater number and

diversity of bird and insect pollinators.

The project area would maintain the features of dispersal habitat across the remainder of the 14-

acre project site and would not affect the surrounding forest. The 14-acre developed recreation

area would continue to function as dispersal habitat similar to the existing condition or quality,

which is marginal due to human presence. The tree removal also does not change the amount of

available designated critical habitat in the project area or across the larger Critical Habitat Unit.

Based on the factors listed above, this project would have an insignificant effect to northern

spotted owl dispersal habitat and designated northern spotted owl critical habitat. A more detailed

analysis of effects to spotted owls and associated designated critical habitat can be found in the

Biological Assessment for this project.

Based on the factors listed above, this project may impact individuals or habitat, but would not

likely contribute to a trend toward federal listing or loss of viability to the population or species

and will not result in significant impacts as defined by NEPA.

Fisheries

Lake of the Woods was stocked with fish for the first time in 1913. This introduced hatchery-

breed rainbow trout into the lake, whichproduced a decade of good trout fishing. In 1922, the

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

26

Oregon State Game Commission (a predecessor to the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)

stocked the lake with largemouth bass, black crappie, bluegill, yellow perch, warmouth,

pumpkinseed sunfish, brown bullheads, carp, and perhaps suckers. The yellow perch quickly

became the lake's dominant species, out-competing the trout for both food and habitat. Between

1925 and 1935, brook trout, cutthroat trout, Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, and steelhead were

also introduced into the lake. No additional rainbow trout were stocked until 1946. The trout

population remained relatively stable until about 1938 when the salmonid populations began to

decline, probably due to competition from the warm water species combined with limited

spawning areas and increased fishing. Despite the Game Commission's efforts to control the

warm water species, their population continued to proliferate while the salmonid species declined.

In 1955, the entire lake was poisoned with rotenone, killing all the fish in the lake. The lake was

then restocked with rainbow trout, brook trout, and kokanee salmon.

Today, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife manages the Lake of the Woods fishery. It

used both natural production and stocking to maintain and balance of fish populations. Brook

trout, black crappie, brown bullheads, yellow perch, largemouth bass, blue chub, and tui chub

have self-sustaining populations while the kokanee salmon, brown trout, and hatchery rainbow

trout populations are supplemented by stocking.

The 2015 Region 6 Sensitive Species List was reviewed for this project to determine if there

would be any potential impacts to any federally listed or regionally sensitive aquatic species,

including fish and aquatic invertebrates from project activities (USDA Forest Service 2015).

Currently, no sensitive aquatic species populations have been identified within the lake; therefore,

there will be no effect to aquatic species including fish or invertebrates.

Direct and Indirect Effects of No Action Alternative

Under the no-action alternative, the permit holder would upgrade the existing structures within

their current footprints. Hazard trees that threaten existing structures and areas of concentrated

use by campers would be removed and the heavy concentrations of fallen trees and down wood

would be cleared. There would be no additional impacts on hydrologic conditions or fish

resulting from development activities.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Proposed Action

The Y-Camp Low Echo proposal at Lake of the Woods includes improving existing structures

and constructing new facilities in order to bring it up to code for safety and energy efficiency and

restore fully-functional organizational camp within the terms of their Special Use Permit. The

existing and proposed structures are set back 25 feet of the edge of water. The slope of the site is

gradual. There is little vegetation along the edge of water near the lodge. There are no activities

proposed in the riparian areas.

Best Management Practices or Project Design Criteria for this project include silt fencing

placement along the shoreline near the activity center to prevent any sedimentation from entering

the lake due to runoff of any rain events. Any equipment that is used onsite shall have the fuel

contained and refueling of large equipment shall be accomplished away from the lake shore. All

equipment shall be washed prior to being brought to the lake shore to prevent the spread of any

invasive plant or aquatic species. See the „Project Design Criteria‟ section for complete details as

to what BMPs shall be implemented during planning, construction and operation of this project.

Based on implementation of Project Design Criteria (see Project Design Criteria section above),

this project does not present extraordinary or significant circumstances related to water, fish, soil,

or riparian values. Based on implementing these recommendations, direct and indirect impacts to

shoreline condition are expected to be confined to the actual project site and would not affect the

lake or aquatic species.

27

Social

The Winema National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan, as amended (USFS, 1990)

identifies the area around Lake of the Woods as Management Area 2 and Management Intensities

- Management Area 2D: Developed Recreation, Special-Use Permit Areas. The boundary of this

land use designation is Dead Indian Memorial Road to the east and south, State Highway 140 to

the north, and FS Rd 3691to the west of the lake.

Lake of the Woods Developed Recreation Area includes roads and trails around the lake, two

campgrounds, three day-use areas, the Visitor/Work Center, a resort facility, three organizational

camps (Camp Low Echo, Camp Esther Applegate and Camp McLaughlin) and a recreation

resident tract of 218 occupied and 11 unoccupied lots.

During summer months the lake area is heavily used by visitors for such activities as boating,

fishing, water skiing, swimming, hiking, camping, picnicking, bird watching, berry picking, etc.

Winter activities in the recreation area include snowmobiling, cross country skiing, snow shoeing,

ice fishing, snow camping, etc.

Use and occupancy of Camp Low Echo is authorized by a current special use permit (KLA643)

under the authority of the Act of March 4, 1915, 16 U.S.C. 497, which authorizes the camp‟s

capacity of 250 individuals. The primary access to Camp Low Echo is from Dead Indian

Memorial Road, with secondary access from the recreational residences tract.

Direct and Indirect Effects of No Action Alternative

Under the No Action Alternative, the Special Use Permit reissued to the Ashland Family YMCA

in 2016 would continue with no change from existing management scenario. Upgrade and

modification the existing buildings within their existing footprints would occur to address the

range of structural shortcomings and damage. This alternative would involve extensive

modification trades to the existing structures yet still would retain reliance upon the existing

substandard and mismatched materials. This alternative would raise the buildings and install

entirely new foundations above frost level, work to improve interior systems and invasive

modifications to allow for the insulation and weatherization of structures that were not designed

for those elements, allowing some limited wintertime use.

Accessibility for handicapped persons would be added to the building exteriors, but there would

be limitations to changing the interior of structure to accommodate ease of movement for

individuals in wheel chairs. Amenities like new restroom ADA facilities and showers inside

cabins would be not be available. This would have a negative impact on handicapped persons

utilizing the camp.

The total capacity of the camp, 250 individuals, would not change and does not change the

recreation use of the larger Lake of the Woods Recreation Area. Traffic patterns and noise levels

generated by camp use would not change.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Proposed Action

The Y-Camp Low Echo proposal at Lake of the Woods includes improving existing structures

and constructing new facilities in order to bring it up to code for safety and energy efficiency and

restore fully-functional organizational camp within the terms of their Special Use Permit. The

total capacity of the camp, 250 individuals, would not change and does not change recreational

use of the Lake of the Woods Developed Recreation Area.

Combined, these facilities would allow for continued summer season camp use and would

facilitate winter-season use. This alternative would provide accessibility to handicapped persons

to all structures within the camp and provide ADA bathrooms and showers within designated

cabins. This would be a beneficial to handicapped persons utilizing the camp.

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28

Visual and auditory impacts to neighbors were considered in the design and layout of the camp.

The proposed location of lodge was shifted slightly south, away from the north property boundary

and Cabin A1. No deck would be constructed on the north side of the lodge to discourage

camper‟s presence near the northern property boundary, limiting noise and disturbance to the

neighbors. This would beneficial impact.

The primary entrance to the Camp is from Dead Indian Memorial Road and would remain

unchanged. The existing access to the camp from recreation residence road would be slightly

realigned onto the Camp Low Echo permit area, but is not a primary access entrance. This

realignment shifts the road further away from the recreation residences, further reducing noise

and disturbance to the neighbors during times of limited use of this entrance, which is beneficial.

CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION

The CEQ regulations define cumulative effects as “…the impact on the environment which

results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and

reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (Federal or non-Federal) or

person undertakes such actions” (40 CFR 1508.7), and are those projects and actions and effects

from those actions that overlap in time and space with the proposed action and its associated

effects.

Past projects around Lake of the Woods include the development of the roads and trails around

the lake, and a developed recreation area with two campgrounds, three day-use areas, the

Visitor/Work Center, a resort facility, three organizational camps (Camp Low Echo, Camp Esther

Applegate and Camp McLaughlin)and a recreation resident tract of 218 occupied and 11

unoccupied lots.

During summer months the lake area is heavily used by visitors for such activities as boating,

fishing, water skiing, swimming, hiking, camping, picnicking, bird watching, etc. Winter

activities in the recreation area include snowmobiling, cross country skiing, snow shoeing, ice

fishing, snow camping, etc.

Recreation use at Lake of the Woods began in the early 1900s when the Forest Service took over

management of the area. As access from the Rogue Valley improved, recreation use, primarily

hunting, fishing, and berry picking, increased.

The first special use permit for a summer residence was issued in 1916. Construction of the

Aspen Point Campground was completed in 1923. A use permit for the construction of Lake of

the Woods Resort was issued in 1927 and for the Boy Scout Camp in 1929.

Development continued through the 1930s with the construction of Rainbow Bay Campground

and the construction of roads to the summer home tract by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The

CCC also constructed the Visitor/Work Center complex, which is on the National Register of

Historic Places. All of the current developments were in place after World War II and use levels

are assumed to have increased gradually over the ensuing decades.

By the 1950s, the recreation complex was fully developed with nearly all of the summer homes,

campgrounds, resort, administrative site, and group camps that are currently present.

In 2008, the Klamath Ranger District re-issued 218 modified Recreation Residence Term Special

Use Permits to the same people holding the 218 permits at Lake of the Woods. Those permits will

expire December 31, 2029 (USDA Forest Service 2008). The Permit EA also states: “No new

29

developed recreation activities, e.g. campground or resort expansions, are anticipated within the

next 10 years in the vicinity of Lake of the Woods. If these actions are considered by the Forest

Service, their effects will be addressed in a separate assessment” (USDA Forest Service, 2008).

Ongoing actions include: road, trail, and USFS facilities maintenance; the maintenance and

operations of power lines, State highways 140 and 62; seasonal use and occupancy of Lake of the

Woods Resort, Recreation Residences, Organization Camps and Forest Service campgrounds;

and annually occurring recreation events (Special Use Permits) including Fire Works Display, a

triathlon, fun runs, and biking events. Human presence, noise, access roads, traffic, use of

watercraft and snow machines, and structures which are inherently part of developed recreation

use will continue in the developed areas, similar to the current situation.

Future actions identified in the Fremont-Winema National Forest Schedule of Proposed Actions

include cabin replacement projects proposed in the Cabin C9 and F7 in the recreational residences

at Lake of the Woods, and Lake of the Woods Vegetation Management Project, currently on hold

indefinitely. There is also the potential for a footpath/trail to circumvent the lake in the future;

however, this project is not developed enough to have a proposed action.

Only the Lake of the Woods vegetation management project and the footpath projectshave the

potential to spatially overlap the project area in the future. However, these projects are not

developed enough to be analyzed and are not reasonably certain to occur. The presence of the

camp and its use are a permitted activity along the lakeshore and are part of the baseline

condition.There are no other projects or activities within Camp Low Echo or in adjacent lots that

would overlap in time and space. Therefore, there are no cumulative effects.

REFERENCES

Ford, M.S.J. 2004.Preliminary studies of the recent Paleolimnology of Lake of the

Woods,Oregon. Unpublished report submitted to the Fremont-Winema National Forest, Sept.

2004. 26 pp.

Gannett, M.W., Wagner, B.J., and Lite, K.E., Jr. 2012.Groundwater simulation and management

models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California.U.S. Geological Survey Scientific

Investigations Report 2012–5062, 92 p.

Howard, Ethan. Personal Communication. September 9, 2016. Email correspondence regarding

database searches for information on sensitive wildlife or plant sightings at Camp Low Echo. GIS

specialist for Fremont-Winema National Forest.

Mertzman, Stanley A. Preliminary geologic map of the Lake of the Woods north 7.5' quadrangle,

Klamath County, Oregon. 1 CD-ROM, input scale 1:52,000. Portland, Or.: Oregon Dept. of

Geology and Mineral Industries, Open-file report no. O-11-03, pub. 2011. OCLC: 712605845

Rabe, Andréa, Personal Observation. August 15, 2016. Field visit to Camp Low Echo.Botanist for

Rabe Consulting.

Rogue Community College (RCC). 2008. A Cascade Lakes Limnological Survey in the Winema

National Forest – Lake of the Woods, 2007. Report, CAS-0108.104 pp.

Rogue River Valley Irrigation District (RRVID). 2016. Rogue Basin Water users Council, Inc.

Fact Sheet for Facilities and Operations. Web link visited July 29, 2016:

http://www.rrvid.org/index.php/district-info/rbwuci-fact-sheet.

Roninger, Trisha. Personal Observation. July 22, 2016. Field visit to Camp Low Echo.Wildlife

biologist and NEPA specialist for Rabe Consulting.

Y-Camp Low Echo Project DRAFT Environmental Assessment

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS]. 2012. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and

Plants; Revised Critical Habitat for the Northern Spotted Owl. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,

Portland, Oregon.

USDA Forest Service. 1988. General Water Quality Best Management Practices, Pacific

Northwest Region, November 1988

USDA Forest Service. 1990. Land and Resource Management Plan, Winema National Forest.

USDA Forest Service. 1994. Record of Decision for amendments to Forest Service and Bureau

of Land Management planning documents within the range of the Northern spotted owl,

Standards and Guidelines for management of habitat for late-successional and old-growth forest

related species within the range of the Northern spotted owl.

USDA Forest Service 2008.Environmental Assessment for Lake of the Woods Recreation

Residence Permit Reissuance.Fremont-Winema National Forest. Web link visit September 6,

2016: http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=3468

USDA Forest Service 2010.Environmental Assessment for Westside Fuels Reduction

Project.Fremont-Winema National Forest. Web link visit October 3, 2016:

http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=7302

USDA Forest Service. 2012. National Best Management Practices for Water Quality

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Guide. FS-990a. April 2012.

USDA Forest Service 2014.Regions 5 and 6. Direction Regarding the Survey and Manage

Standards and Guidelines. May 13, 2014. Enclosures: Enclosure 1-NEPA Language; Enclosure 2

Table 1-1, January 2001; Enclosure 3 Table 1-1, December 2003 with Red Tree Vole.

USDA Forest Service 2015. Region 6 Sensitive Species Suspected or Documented on the

Fremont-Winema National Forest, Unpublished document on file. Klamath Ranger District,

Klamath Falls, OR.Fremont-Winema National Forest.

USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management 2012. Survey & Manage Category

B Fungi Equivalent-Effort Survey Protocol. Version 1.0. February 2012.

USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management. 2001. Record of Decision and

Standards and Guidelines for Amendments to the Survey and Manage, Protection Buffer, and

other Mitigation Measures Standards and Guidelines.

US Geological Survey (USGS). 2007. Questions and Answers about the Effects of Septic

Systems on Water Quality in the La Pine Area, Oregon.Prepared in cooperation with Deschutes

County and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.USGS Fact Sheet 2007-3103.8 pp.

31

APPENDIX A - Vegetation Management Plan