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Annual Report 2009
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• Net turnover increasedtoSEK204million(2008:SEK196million)andtheprofitfortheyearwasSEK3.8(4.2)million.
• The number of employees in the Stockholm,GothenburgandBeijingofficesat31December2009was179(179).
• Aftermorethan20yearsofoperationinChina,IVLopenedthe first office of its own in Beijingon23January.
• IVL,withsupportfromtheBaltic Sea 2020 Founda-tion,undertookanotableprojecttomitigatephos-phorusleakagefromagriculturalland.Theaimoftheworkistodevelopmethodsofinterceptingsuchleak-agebymeansofditchdamsandditchfilterslocatedclosetothesource,beforethepollutionreachesmajorwatercoursesandtheBalticSea.
• IVL’sregularmajorconferencewasheldinMayinthepresenceofHM Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.Thethemeoftheconferencewasanenergyscenariodevel-opedbyIVLresearchersshowingtheconditionsnec-essarytoreduceSwedishcarbondioxideemissionsby90percentbytheyear2050withtheaidofahighlevelofwindpowerandSwedish-producedbiofuels.
• WithIVLasafoundermember,the Sweden Green Building Council (SGBC)wasestablishedinJunetopromotesustainabilityinthebuildingandpropertysector.
• InAugust,itwasannouncedthattheGothenburgconsortium, ofwhich IVL is amember,was thebodychosentoreceivefundingfromtheSwedishFoundationforStrategicEnvironmentalResearch(MISTRA) to establish an international researchcentre–Mistra Urban Futures–forsustainableurbandevelopment.
• A training course for journalistswasheldinAugustincooperationwiththeSwedishMinistryoftheEnvironment,SwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,EuropeanCommissionandStockholmEnvi-ronmentInstitute(SEI).Thefocusofthecoursewasonclimate,climatepolicyandBalticSeaissues.
• IVLparticipated in anumberof eventsduring theSwedishEUpresidency,suchasthepresidentialin-augurationandseveralhigh-levelmeetings,anddem-onstrated its newclimate calculator, Climate Account on these occasions.InSeptember,thecompanyhosted theEuropeanAffairsministersofthe27EUmembernationsaboardtheresearchvessel,Sunbeam.
• InSeptember,Ann-BethAntonssonwasappoint-edtoaprofessorshipinergonomicsatKTH, the institution’s first female adjunct professor.
• IVL researcherLisaSchmidtwasawarded the in-auguralBliwa Insurance grantofSEK300,000foraresearchprojectdesignedtohelppeoplewithlong-termillnessestoreturntowork.
• IVLwasallocated fundingbyMISTRA tocontinueworkontheEntwinedresearchprogrammeforafurtherfouryears.Thepurposeoftheprogrammeistostudy the interactionbetween internationalenvi-ronmentalpoliciesandglobaltrade,withthefocusoncross-boundaryproblems.
• IVLarrangedandparticipatedinanumberofeventsheldinconjunctionwiththeCOP15climatenegotia-tionsinCopenhageninDecember.
• IVLwasappointedby theSwedishEnvironmen-talProtectionAgencytoleadthenewthree-yearresearch programme, Climate Change and Environmental Objectives (CLEO). Witha budget of SEK21 million, the programme isdesignedtoexaminehowclimatechangewillin-fluencetheachievementofenvironmentalgoalsinthefuture.
The year in brief
ivl annual report 2009
1
1 Contents
2 Foreword by the CEO
4 This is IVL
6 Commentary
Thematic areas
8 Water
9 Climate and energy
10 Air and transport
11 Sustainable building
12 Sustainable production
13 Resource-efficient products and waste
14 IVL and COP15
16 IVL in China
18 Directors’ report
24 Financial summary and key indicators
25 Proposed appropriation of profits
26 Income statement
27 Balance sheet
28 Cash flow statement
29 Comments and notes to the accounts
34 Auditor’s report
35 Board and executive management group
37 Scientific papers
contents
ivl annual report 2009
2 foreword
Whenallissaidanddone,thereisusuallymoresaidthan
done!However,thisdoesnotapplytoIVL.Wedifferfrommost
playersintheclimate,energyandenvironmentalfieldinthat
wemarrypolicyactivitiesandawarenesscreationwithrobust
technology.Ouraimistoachieveconcreteresultsthatwill
provideourprincipalswithconcretebenefits.
Theyear2009wasagoodoneforIVLandourfinancialperformancefortheyearwassatisfactorydespitetheglobalfinancialcrisis,anddespitethecautionthatprevailedinanumberofindustriesinrela-tiontoassignmentsandinvestment.Now,midwaythroughthefirstquarterof2010,wedetectsignsthatSwedishbusinessisonceagainpreparedtoinvestmoreinresearchanddevelopmenttomaintainitsstatusandexpand.Nowisthetime,aswebegintorecoverfromawide-ranginganddeeprecession,thatwemustmaketherightdeci-sionsandbuildthesustainablesocietyofthefuture.
IVLcontinuestocontributetothecompetitivenessofSwedishindustrythroughitsresearchandcontractassignmentactivities,thepan-industrialnatureofwhichenablesustotakeaholisticviewthatfew,ifany,ofourcounterpartscanmatch.Theclosecontactsthatwemaintainwithindustryenableustoactasabridgebetweentheacademiccommunityandthepracticalworldofbusiness.Withourexpertise and roots in environmental, energy and climate-related
research,ourexperienceofexportingenvironmentaltechnology,andourcollaborationwith large,medium-sizedandsmallbusinessesalike,weareparticularlywell-equippedtocontributetothedevelop-mentandcompetitivenessofSwedishindustry.
Basic funding essential to long-term leadershipForIVLtofulfilthistask,itisessentialthattheallocationoffundingforstrategiccompetencedevelopmentbegovernedbyaprinciplethatextendstoallresearchinstitutesanddoesnot,onobscuregrounds,excludeanyoneormoreofthoseinstitutions.IVLisnotoneofthere-searchinstitutesthatreceivesfundingfromthissource,anexclusionthatweconsiderunjustified.Wehavethesamerequirementforbasicfundingasotherinstitutestoenableustomaintainourpositionattheforefrontofenvironmentalresearchinthelongertermalso.
ThefactthatIVLisownedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishbusinesscontributestoitsroleasacredibleandforesight-
When all is said and done…
We marry policy activities
and awareness creation with
robust technology’
ivl annual report 2009
3foreword
edpartnertotheacademiccommunity,businesssectorandsociety.IVL’sownershipandorganisationalstructureoffersauniqueandeffi-cientmodelforjointly-financedresearch–amodelthatpromotescooperationandtrust,andhascontributedformanyyearstothesta-tusofworldleadershipnowenjoyedbymanySwedishcompanies.
Exporting cutting-edge technologiesToday’senvironmentalproblemsandchallengescallforglobalsolu-tions,andaffordopportunitiesforexportingcutting-edgetechnolo-giesdevelopedinSweden.In2009,wecontinuedwithourworkonvariousEUprojectsandwiththeexpansionofouroperations,mainlyinChinaandIndia,whereweareconductingprojectsatbothnationallevel(publicservices,infrastructureetc.)anddetailedlevel(energy-efficientbuildingandtheindoorenvironment).IVLiscurrentlywork-ingintensivelyontheseissues–frompassivehousesinSwedentoenergy-efficientbuildinginChina,fromourinvolvementinthenewinternationalcentreinGothenburgforthedevelopmentofthesustainablecitiesofthefuturetoourparticipationininfrastructuraldevelopmentforpoor,urbanpopulationgroupsinIraq.
Swedish EU presidencyAnumberofactivitiesundertakenby IVLduring theSwedishEUpresidency,manyofthemincooperationwiththePrimeMinister’sOffice,MinistryoftheEnvironment,MinistryofEnterprise,EnergyandCommunications,andtheEuropeanCommission,providesan-otherexampleofourinvolvementinsideandoutsideSweden.Theseactivitieswerefocusedpartlyonpolicymatters,andpartlyondem-onstratinghowwecontributetoreducingclimateandenvironmentalimpactwithtoolsandprojects.Oneofthetoolsdemonstratedwasaclimatecalculator,ClimateAccount,thatenablesanindividualtocalculatehisorherclimatefootprint.Anothermuch-notedprojectdealtwiththeuseofphosphorus-absorbentpelletsasaradicalandcost-effectivemethodofreducingphosphorusleakagefromagricul-turallandintotheBalticSea.
Anorganisationalreviewwascarriedoutinlateautumn2009toenableustocontinuetomeettheneedsofourcustomers,bothexistingandnew,maintainsatisfactoryprofitabilityanddevelopourexpertise.On1February2010,IVLadoptedaneworganisationwithfewerunitsandamoreuniformdistributionofmanagementperson-nelintermsofbothgenderandgeographicallocation.
IVL a natural and neutral meeting placeBoththebusinesssector,andthepublicsectoratnational,region-alandlocallevel,facechallengesthatarecomplexandconstantlychanging.IVLwillcontinuetoprovideanaturalandneutralmeet-ingplaceandcommunicationlinkthatenablesacademia,businessandsocietytoshareappliedresearchanddiscussnewsolutions.Wehelpcompaniesandorganisationstoutilisetheirresourcesmoreefficiently,reducetheirrawmaterialandenergycosts,andminimisethecostsofmanagingspillsandwaste,whilereducingtheirenviron-mental footprint. Inmanycases,our researchersandexpertsdis-coverthatinvestmentsmadetoreduceoreliminateemissionsalsoyieldfinancialbenefitsforthecompaniesconcerned.
Canthesolutionsneededtoemergefromthefinancialcrisisbeconfiguredsothattheyalsohelptosolvethebiggerandlonger-termproblemsassociatedwith climateandenvironmental issues?Webelieveso.Somecommentatorsmaintainthatit istooexpensivetocommittoimprovedenvironmentaltechnology.Butisthisreallytrue?Replacingthehorseandcarriagewiththerailwayobviouslycostmoney,butwasregardedasanobviousandpositivedevelopment.Thedevelopmentofmodernhealthcareandnewmedicineswasalsoanexpensiveundertaking,butonethatnobodyquestionstodayasaveragelifeexpectancyincreasesallovertheworldandhumansuffer-ingisalleviated.Majorinvestmentwasrequiredtoestablishtoday’shigh-tech telecommunications systems, but without the Internet,mobilephonesandcomputers,today’sincreasinglyglobalsocietywouldnothaveexisted.
Afewyearsfromnow,nobodywillconsiderinvestmentinmod-ernenvironmentaltechnologyandinclean,resource-efficientmanu-facturingtohavebeentooexpensive.Likethemobilephone,modernhealthcareandefficienttransport,theseadvanceswillbeseenasamatterofcourse.
Tord SvedbergPresident & CEOStockholm, February 2010
We help companies and organisations
to utilise their resources more efficiently’
ivl annual report 2009
ivl annual report 2009
4 ivl
Sweden’s first and oldest environmental research instituteFoundedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishbusinessin1966,IVLisnowalimitedcompanyownedbySIVL(FoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitute).SIVL’spurposeistopromotetheconditionsforenvironmentalresearchand,throughitsownership,guaranteeIVLanindependentstatus.
IVLhas,sinceitsinception,playedanimportantsocietalroleasabridgebuilderbetweentheresearchcommunity,thebusinesssectorandpublicagencies,andplaysavitalroleasaneutralarenawherethesestakeholderscancometogether.
Mission and valuesIVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstituteundertakesappliedresearchandcontractassignmentswiththeaimofpromotingeco-logical,economicandsociallysustainablegrowthwithinbusinessandsocietyatlarge.IVL’svaluesarefoundedoncredibility,totalityandforesight.
Competent staffIVLemploysapproximately180people,48%ofwhomarewomen.Aboutone-thirdofthestaffarequalifiedresearchers,while64%holdmasters degrees in engineering or equivalent academic qualifica-tions.In2009,onecolleague,MarkusWråke,wasawardedaPhD,whileIVLacquiredanotheradjunctprofessorinthepersonofAnn-BethAntonsson,whowasappointedtoaprofessorshipinergonom-icsatKTH.Thirty-sevenscientificpapersbyIVLstaff(seelistonpage37)werepublishedduringtheyear.
Both research and contract assignmentsResearchanddevelopmentprogrammesformthebasisofIVL’sac-tivities.Thecompany’sresearchisfinancedpartlybyjointfundingfromtheSwedishgovernmentandtheSwedishbusinesssector,and
partlythroughgrantaidfurnishedbynationalresearchbodies,re-searchfoundationsandtheEU.
Contractassignmentsincludebothshort-termconsultancy,andmorecomprehensivenationalandinternationalresearchanddevel-opmentassignments.
ThepurposeofthisjointlyfinancedresearchistopursueissuesthatareofmajorimportancetoSwedishbusinessandareofgeneralrelevancetothecommunity.Intheseinstances,thefinancecontrib-utedbythebusinesssectorismatchedbypublicfunds.In2009,thestate,throughtheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandtheSwedishResearchCouncilforEnvironment,AgriculturalScienc-esandSpatialPlanning(FORMAS),allocatedthecompanyresearchanddevelopmentfundingofSEK30millionagainstacommitmentbybusinessstakeholderstoallocateanequivalentamount.
Six priority areasResearch and contract assignments are undertaken in the priori-tised thematicareasofClimateandenergy,Sustainablebuilding,Resource-efficientproductsandwaste,Sustainableproduction,Wa-ter,andAirandtransport.Thesearedescribedinfurtherdetailonpages8-13.
Knowledge communicationApartfromitsseriesofpublishedreportsandarticlesinscientificjournals,IVLdisseminatesknowledgethroughlecturesandpartici-pationinseminars.Inaddition,itholdsitsowncoursesandsemi-narsunderthebannerofIVLKnowledgeforprofessionalsintheareaofenvironmentandsustainabledevelopment.
Networks and cooperationIVLisamemberofaseriesofresearchnetworks–includingtheEuropeanNetworkofEnvironmentalResearchOrganisations(EN-ERO)–andenjoysclosecooperationwithuniversitiesandinstitutes
This is IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
ivl annual report 2009
5ivl
oftechnology.TogetherwiththeRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stock-holm(KTH),ithasestablishedtheCentreforSustainableDevelop-ment(CHU),whichisconductinganumberofprojectsinthearea,andalsoownsandoperatestheHammarbySjöstadsverkpilotandtestfacility.IVLcooperateswithChalmersUniversityofTechnology,Gothenburg(CTH)withintheframeworkoftheCentreforEnviron-mentalAssessmentofProductsandMaterialSystems(CPM).
LaboratoriesIVLAnalysisperformsadvancedchemicalanalysesinitsownaccred-itedlaboratories,whilenewtechnologiesformoreresource-efficientproductionaredevelopedintheexperimentallaboratory.
The internal environment laboratory is equipped with theresourcesandequipmentfortheadvancedanalysisofemissions,particulates,asbestosandanumberofdifferentmicroorganisms,notablymould.
TogetherwithKTH,IVLalsoownsandoperatesHammarbySjös-tadsverk,auniquepilotand test facility foradvancedwastewatertreatmenttechnology.
Long international experienceIVLisnotjustakeyplayerin‘EnvironmentSweden’,butalsohasalongtraditionofactivityintheinternationalarena.Forexample,thecompanyhasbeeninChinaforalmost25years,andisalsoworkingoncontractsintherestofAsia,aswellasinEurope,Africa,andSouthAmerica.
Environment and quality
IVLdealswithenvironmentalandqualitymatters,aswellasworkenvironmentissues,withintheframeworkofanintegratedmanage-mentsystem,whichhasbeenawardedenvironmentalcertificationunderISO14001andqualitycertificationunderISO9001:2000.
OrganisationIVLhasbeenpartlyreorganisedsince1February.Thenewstructureincludesfourproductionunits,anadministrativeunit,andunitsforresearch,businessdevelopmentandmarket.AllunitsworktogetherwithinthesixthematicareasthatalsocompriseIVL’smarketoffer.
Climate and energy
Thematic areas
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es &
Env
iron
men
tal E
ffec
ts
Air
Pol
lutio
n &
Aba
tem
ent S
trat
egie
s
Clim
ate
& S
usta
inab
le C
ities
Air and transport
Water
Sustainable building
Sustainable production
Resource-efficient products and waste
Units
Res
earc
h
Bus
ines
s D
evel
opm
ent &
Mar
ketin
g
Sust
aina
ble
Org
anis
atio
ns, P
rodu
cts
& P
roce
sses
Organisation chart
Jointly-financed research offers double benefitsResearchanddevelopmentformthebasisofIVL’sactivities.Thiscloseassociationbetweenresearchandcontractsiswhatenablesustoofferourcustomersadvan-tagesthatotherconsultancieslack.
Partofthecompany’sprogrammesconsistsofjointly-financedresearch–auniqueformoffinancingavailabletopri-
vatecompaniesandorganisations,whichcan have 50 percent of their researchcostscoveredprovidedthattheresearchisofsignificantinteresttobusinessandofgeneralrelevancetothecommunity.Inprinciple,thefindingsofjointly-financedresearcharealwayspublic.
This mechanism enables privatecompaniesandorganisations toobtainassistance in developing cost-effective
solutionstoproblemsrelatingtotheenvi-ronmentandsustainabledevelopment.
In 2009, the Swedish governmentallocated SEK30 million to jointly-financedresearchthroughtheSwedishResearchCouncilforEnvironment,Agri-cultural Sciences and Spatial Planning(FORMAS) and the Swedish Environ-mentalProtectionAgency.
ivl annual report 2009
6 commentary
Duringmostofthe1980s,theenvironmentaldebateinSwedenandEuropewasdominatedbytheissueofacidification,whichmanypoli-ticiansdescribedasthegreatestenvironmentalproblemofourtime.Thewarningsignsweremanyandcomprehensive–thescenariowasdominatedbylakeswithoutfishlife,damagedforests,soilacidifica-tionandacidifiedgroundwater.
Thedebateconcerningtheimportanceofremedialactionwasalsointensive.Thepowerindustryinmanycountriesmaintainedthatthiswouldbetooexpensiveandtherewasalsostrongresistancetomeas-uresproposedtolimitemissionsfromtransport.Today,20-30yearslater,manyobserversconsidertheacidificationissuetobedead.Andsoitistoalargeextentintermsofbothpoliticaldebateandmediainterest.
Acidification research, like other studies of transboundaryatmosphericpollution,haveyieldedresults.SulphuremissionsinEuropehavefallenbyover80percent(andbymorethan90per-centinmanycountries),whileemissionsofnitrogenoxideswillsoonhavedecreasedby50percent.Moreover,emissionscontinuetofallthankstonewstandardsandremedialaction,despitetheabsenceofanimpellingdebate.Today,jointactionisdrivenprimarilybytheeffectsoftheemissionsonhealth.Inaddition,negotiationsregard-ing further reductions are takingplacewithinboth theEuropean Commission and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP).
Given the repercussions that followed Copenhagen, and thecredibility problems accompanying both the scientific basis andinternationalcooperation,Ibelievethatthereisreasontoreflectonwhathasmadeairqualityprogrammessosuccessfulandwhetherweinvolvedinclimateactivitieshavesomethingtolearnfromthem.However,beforecontinuing,IwouldemphasisethatIamfullyawarethatclimateissuespresentaproblemofacompletelydifferentordercomparedwith environmentalprotection.Andalthoughcompari-
sonsmustbemadewithcaution,Ineverthelessbelievethatthelatterareaofferssomeexperiencethatisuseful.
WeatIVL,andIpersonally,havefollowedairqualityprogrammescloselyandveryactivelyeversincetheirinception.Thefirstexperi-encethatIwouldliketoquotefromthisareaisthattheprocesswasatleastasimportantastheresult.Twosignificantworkingprocessesthatdifferfromthoseintheclimateareaweredevelopedatanearlystage.Thefirstwasthatthescientificworkofdevelopingadecision-makingbasiswasatalltimesacentralelementoftheworkoftheconventionitself.Communicationrelatingtomajorresearchintotheinteractionbetweenemissionsandtheireffects,aswellasthecondi-tionsandcostofactionprogrammes,tookplacedirectlyatthenego-tiatingtable.Weresearcherswereable,onacontinuousbasis,tosubmitdocumentationintheformofsummaries,conceptsandcal-culations.Theprocesswasalsotransparenttotheextentthatmodelsanddatawerecontinuallyavailableforscrutiny.
Thesecondexperienceisthatthetechnicalworkoftheconventionwaslargelydecentralisedtovariousworkinggroupsthatmetandworkedoutsideofthedirectnegotiations.Theadvantageofthiswasthat technical issues remained technical and non-political, apartfromsomeissuesofprinciple.
NowthatIhavebeenabletofollowinternationalclimatenegotia-tionsforanumberofyearsinmycapacityasdirectoroftheclimatepolicyprogramme,Clipore,itiscleartomethatIPCC,whoselaud-ableaimistopresentindependentresultswithoutanypoliticalbiashas,despiteall,becomepoliticised.Furthermore,IPCCisananony-mousbodyinthattheresearchersbehindtheresultsarelargelyinvis-ibleintheclimatenegotiationcontext.Climatenegotiatorsknowone,orjustafew,oftheleadingfigureswithinIPCC,aswellasafewoftheirownnationalexperts.Inthisrespect,theanonymityoftheresearchimpairscredibility.
Iseeasimilarprobleminrelationtotechnicalbasisactivitiesinthata largenumberofsub-groupsarecurrentlymeetingwhilethemajornegotiationsessionsareunderway–similartowhathap-penedattheCOP15meetinginCopenhagen.Clearerseparationofthetechnicalworkincommittees,whichworkmoreindependently,wouldprobablysimplifytheactivityandreducetheriskofnegotiatingmoreorlessaboutphysicalconstants.
Thereareseveralotherissuesthatareworthconsideringfromacomparativeperspective.Oneofthemostimportantisthatactiontakenwithintheframeworkofinternationalagreementsingeneralshouldbecomecheaperandachievegreateracceptancewhenimple-mentedthanwhennegotiated.
Ihopethatthecurrentreviewofthenegotiationprocesswithintheclimateareawillnotonlyexaminethetechnicalissuesrelatingtotheassuranceofscientificcredibility,butwillalsoincludethesome-what‘softer’issuesthatwillhelptoestablishgreatertrustbetweentheresearchandpoliticalspheres.Thesignificantpotentialandpow-erofinternationalnegotiationshasbeendemonstratedparticularlybyactivitiesintheareasofacidificationandairquality.
Moreover,boththepoliticalandscientificworldsaregenerallyagreedontheseriousnessoftheclimateproblemandontheneedforaction.Ibelievethatthesystemofinternationalnegotiationneedstoseekotherformsofcooperationbetweennegotiatorsandresearch-ers,businessandvariousorganisations.
Peringe Grennfelt
Senior Advisor, IVL and Director, Clipore
Much to be learned from successful international air quality programmes!
IPCC is an anonymous body in that
the researchers behind the results are
largely invisible in the climate negotiation context
My first experience of the air quality area was that the process was at least as
important as the result
ivl annual report 2009
7ivl
ivl annual report 2009
8 thematic areas
IVL’swateractivities include theareaasawhole,includingboththelimneticandma-rineenvironments,groundwaterandstormwater.Theworkextendstoallaspectsfromtheidentificationofsourcesandsamplingtothedevelopmentofmeasurementmethods,warningsystems,riskanalysis,andpollutiontransportmodelling.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingdemandforholisticanal-ysistakingaccountofeffectsontheecosys-tem,aswellasonthepubliceconomy.
Weworkonprojectsofferingopportuni-tiesofdevelopingtoolstosupportplanningand adaptation to the new environmentalstandardsapplying,amongotherthings,tothe implementationof theEuropeanCom-munity Regulation, REACH (Registration,Evaluation,AuthorisationandrestrictionofCHemical substances), and the EUWaterFrameworkDirective.Anotheraspect is toexaminehowindustrycanreducewatercon-sumptionwhileminimisingtheemissionofchemicalstotheenvironment.
Climate-related water managementIVL prioritises research directed towardsgreater understanding of processes thatarecriticaltowaterquantityandquality inthecontextofafutureclimate.Thisinvolvesthedevelopmentofmodelsandtoolsforas-sessingecologicalstatus, theeffectsofac-tionprogrammes,exploitation,andclimatechange.
Prioritised substances and ‘new’ chemicalsApriorityareaatbothnationalandEuropeanlevel,thisisrelatedtobothREACHandtheEUWaterFrameworkDirective.IVLsurveysemissions, dispersion paths and levels ofchemicals in various parts of ecosystems,both by measurement and using models.Screeningiscarriedouttodemonstratetheoccurrenceof‘new’chemicalsintheenviron-ment.Weperformriskassessmentsbasedontheusesandpropertiesofchemicals,andtheiroccurrenceintheenvironment.
Baltic Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat OurSwedishseasandcoastalareasareaf-fectedbydifficultenvironmentalproblemsintheformofeutrophication,theeffectsofenvironmental toxins, the risk of oil spills,andexploitationofcoastalzones.TheBalticSeaisalsoapilotareafortheEU’smarinestrategy.To IVL, theongoingdevelopmentof researchaimedatquantifyingemissionsources, and thecausesof eutrophicationandenvironmentaltoxins,areofhighprior-ity.Wealsoanalysepossiblecoursesofac-tion,bothonlandandinthereceptor,anddevelopmethods of assessing the cost-ef-fectivenessofcorrectivemeasures.
Water
IVL hosted the European Affairs ministers of the 27 EU mem-ber states on board the research vessel Sunbeam at the end of September 2009. On that occasion, IVL’s Sam Ekstrand
reported on a highly topical research project designed to reduce eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. The project team is testing a method of trapping phosphorus leakage from
agricultural land using clay pellet filters.
Trapping phosphorus leakage to protect the BalticTheleakageofnutrientsfromagriculturallandissignificantandisaf-fectingtheBalticSeaseverelyintheformofeutrophicationanddeadseabedzones.In2009,IVLundertookanewandnotableresearchprojecttoalleviatetheeutrophicationproblemsintheBalticSea.Thepurposeofthisistodevelopmethodsoftrappingleakagephospho-rusfromfarmlandinditchdamsandditchfiltersclosetothesource,beforethepollutionreachesmajorwatercoursesandtheBalticSea.
Laboratorytrialscarriedoutalreadyindicatethatitmaybepos-sibletoreducephosphorusleakagefromagriculturallandbyupto40percent.Asafurtherbenefit,itshouldbepossibletoreturnthetrappedphosphorustotheland.
Inthefirstphaseoftheproject,IVLwillstudythefiltermaterialsthataremosteffectiveinreducingphosphorusunderthemostcommonsoilandfertilisationconditions,howthewaterflowshouldberegu-latedandtheretentionpotentialoftheditchdams.Amongotheraspects,theprojectteamwillalsoexaminethepossibilitiesofapply-ingthetechnologyonawiderscaleinotherBalticStates,especiallyPolandandRussia,andwillsurveythepotentialoverallreductionofphosphorusdischargestotheBalticSea.Thepotentialformarketingthefiltermaterialwillalsobeexamined.
Theproject isbeingconductedwithintheframeworkof IVL’sjointly-fundedresearchprogrammes,withsupportfromtheBalticSea2020Foundation.
contact: anna jöborn, director, natural resources & environmental effects
Photo: Gunnar Seijbold/Regeringskansliet
9
ivl annual report 2009
thematic areas
Climate and energy
Climateandenergy isawideareathat im-pingesonmanyaspectsofIVL’sactivities.Re-searchintheareaisfoundedmainlyonnatu-ralsciences,engineering,andeconomics.Inrecentyears,thecompanyhasstrengtheneditsexpertiseintheareabyappointingsoci-ologistsandvulnerabilityanalysts.
Theactivity is focusedoncommunica-tion,policyissuesandcontrolmechanismsfor limitinggreenhousegas emissions, aswell as on the analysis of causal relation-shipsandtheconsequencesofachangedclimate.Theissueofadaptationtoclimatechangewillbecomeincreasinglyimportant,andwehavefocusedparticularlyonprojectsdealing with vulnerability, risk and conse-quence analyses, aswell as the interpreta-tionandapplicationofclimatescenarios.
Policy issues, control mechanisms and decision support systemsThefocusoftheactivityisonclimatecom-munication,aswellasonthedevelopment
andconsequenceanalysisofvariouscontrolanddecision support systems for limitinggreenhousegas emissions,withparticularemphasisonemissions trading.Theactiv-ityisbasedonClipore,theMISTRAclimatepolicy research programme, in which IVLplaysaleadingrole.
Causal relationships and environ-mental consequences of a changed climateIVL’s research into the environmental con-sequencesofclimatechangeisfocusedoninteractions between ecosystems (forest,soilandsurfacewater),airpollutionandcli-mate.Forexample,airpollutioncanreducethegreenhouseeffectaswellasreinforcingit.IVLisalsoaparticipantinArcRisk,theEUprojectfocusingonhowclimatechangewillaffect the transport andeffectsof environ-mentaltoxinsintheArctic.
Development of energy systems andactiontoreducegreenhousegasemissions
AsignificantpartofIVL’sclimateactivitiesisfocusedonactiontoensuretheefficientutilisationofprimaryenergyresourcesandthereductionofgreenhousegasemissions.Thisinvolvesthedevelopment,analysisandenvironmentalassessmentofallorpartofvarious energy systems, of which systemanalysisofbioenergyisakeyelement.
Adaptation to climate changeAlthough this area is still under develop-ment,workisinprogress,forexamplewithinClimate and Energy Systems, the Nordicproject inwhichIVLiscarryingoutacasestudyofhowabiofuel-poweredCHPplantmaybeaffectedbyclimatechange.
Climate Account calculates individual greenhouse gas emissionsClimateAccountisaneasy-to-usetoolthatcalculatesanindividual’sclimatefootprintduetoemissionsofcarbondioxide,methaneanddinitrogenoxide,intheformofGWP(GlobalWarmingPotential)froma100-yearperspective.
Thefocusisontheindividual’sconsumptionofgoods,aswellashisorherlivingandtravelpatterns,basedonSwedishconditionsinalife-cyclecontext.Thismeansthataccountistakenofallstagesofprod-uctlifecycle,fromtheextractionofnaturalrawmaterials,suchasoilorironore,untilthetimethattheproductsarerecycled,incineratedorcon-signedtolandfill.Emissionsfromtheentireproductlifecycleareconsid-ered,regardlessofwhethertheseoriginateinSwedenorelsewhere.
TheusercanobtainaquickindicationofhisorherstatusrelativetotheSwedishaverageandtoasustainablelevel.Thetoolalsoprovides
morebasicinformationandhintsonhowemissionscanbereduced,andontheeffectsofcontrolmechanismsonthepopulation’semis-sionsofgreenhousegases.
ClimateAccountwasdevelopedbyIVLincooperationwith,andwithfinancialsupportfrom,stakeholdersincludingE.ON,FuturaFoun-dation,Skanska,SwedishSocietyforNatureConservation(SSNC),ChurchofSweden,SwedishEngineers’EnvironmentalFund,CityofStockholm,andCityofGothenburg.Theweb-basedtoolisalsoavail-ableinseveralcustomisedversionswhich,inadditiontothefore-goingcompaniesandorganisations,areusedbyanumberoflocalauthorities.
IVLhadtheopportunityofdemonstratingClimateAccountatseveralministerialmeetingsandotherinternationaleventsassoci-atedwithSweden’sEUpresidencyin2009.
Climate Account is an example of climate and environmental communication developed by IVL.
We also develop bases for climate declarations and carbon footprints.
contact: anna jarnehammar, director, climate & sustainable cities
ivl annual report 2009
10 thematic areas
Air and transport
From knowledge of emissions to estimating cost of actionIVLpersonnelwithmeasuringequipmentaretobeseenonvesselsinGothenburgport.Overtheyears,IVLresearchershavedevelopedinternationalleading-edgecompetenceinemissionsfrommarinetraf-fic.Theirresearchhasprovidedavaluablebasisfordevelopinghigher-qualityemissiondata,forexamplefromthemovementsofvesselsinport,butalsointermsoftheefficiencyofvariousmeasures.Thismayapply,forexample,tohowdifferentgradesoffuelaffectparticulateemissions.MuchofthisresearchiscarriedoninclosecooperationwithChalmerswhere,incidentally,IVL’sErikFridellhasbeenadjunctprofessorofmarineenvironmentaltechnologysincetheendof2008.
Overtheyears,IVLhasplayedaleadinginternationalroleinthemonitoringofwhatarecommonly knownas real-world emissionsfromtransport.Withthatexperience,wehavebeenabletofurtherrefineemissiondatathatcanbeusedtoanalysethepossibleeffectsofdifferenttransportandlogisticssolutionsonhumanhealthandtheenvironment.
Emissionsofbothgreenhousegasesandatmosphericpollutantsfromtransportcontinuetoincreasedespitewide-rangingeffortsbyboththecorporateandpublicsectortodeveloplessenvironmen-tallyharmfultransportsystems.Bothmarket-drivenbasesforactionandopportunitiesforcompaniestoobtaininformationabouttheeffectivenessofthemeasuresthatareimplemented(whichareoftenofalong-termnature)arelackingatpresent.Asaresult,toolsandsupportforanalysingenvironmentalandclimateimpactareneededbothintheareasofgoodsandpassengertransport.
Actinginclosecooperationwithpotentialpurchasers,suchasgoodsownersandhaulagecompanies,IVLispursuingthedevelop-mentofthetypeoftoolsthatwill,firstly,reporttheextraneousover-headsofacompany’stransportoperationsand,secondly,provideanideaofthecost-effectivenessofthemeasuresthatthecompanycanimplement.Extraneousoverheadsincludecostsduetofactorssuchasairpollution,climatechange,noise,effectsonsoil,waterandnature,trafficcongestion,andaccidents.
IVL researchers deal with all aspects of transport and the environment. Emissions from marine traffic is one area in which they possess international leading-edge
competence.
Researchintoairpollutionandthedevelop-mentofactionstrategiesisoneoftheareasinwhichIVLbothhasalongtraditionandwide-ranging competence. In recent years,apart fromour regular air qualitymonitor-ingactivities,wehaveworkedintensivelyonresearchanddevelopmentinthetransportarea, focusing on the environmental andclimateaspects.Thisincludesthedevelop-mentofmodelsandtoolsforanalysingtheenvironmental and climate impact of vari-oustransportandlogisticssolutions.
Air qualityThefocusisonstudiesrelatingtotheEU’sAirQualityDirectiveandtheSwedishEnvi-ronmentalObjectives (CleanAir).Thepol-lutantsunderstudyarenitrogenoxidesandparticulates,includingparticle-borneorgan-icandinorganicsubstances.
Exposure and ecosystem effects of air pollutantsResearch under this programme is con-cernedmainlywithdose-effectrelationshipsandtheirinteractionwithotherfactors,suchas climate and land use. The pollutantsinvolved are acidifying and eutrophyingsubstances, tropospheric ozone, mercuryand organic environmental toxins. Typicalprojects undertaken in 2009 include theEUprojectImpact of Climate Change on the Quality of Urban and Coastal Waters – Dif-fuse Pollution (diPol).
Clean air strategiesFocusingonboth local and large-scaleen-vironmentalandhealthproblems,thissub-programmeincludesboththedevelopmentof methods of assessing non-technical is-sues,theevaluationofcontrolmechanisms
and thedevelopmentofmonitoringmeth-ods.TheresearchisbasedinIVL’sparticipa-tioninSCARP (Swedish Clean Air Research Programme) and the further developmentofGAINSasan integratedmodel forcost-effectiveactionandeffectsintheairqualityandclimatearea.
Emissions from transport, and effects of transport and logistics solutionsInthisarea,thefocusisontheharmonisa-tionandreliabilityofemissionmodelsandemissionsdata in the transport sector, aswellastheconsequences,fromlocaltoglo-balscale,ofvarioustransportandlogisticssolutionsbothintermsoftheirimpactonenvironmentandhealth,andonpublicandcorporatefinances.
contact: karin sjöberg, director, air pollution & abatement strategies
Photo: Per Westergård
11thematic areas
SustainablebuildingistheIVLareaofopera-tionthataffectsmostpartsofthecommunity,althoughthebuildingandpropertysectoristheprimarymarket.Sincethissectoraccountsforahighproportionofsociety’senvironmen-talfootprint–notleastintermsoftheutilisa-tionofresources,energyandchemicals–thepotentialforchangeissignificant.IVL’sroleistoworktocreatesociallyandeconomicallysustainable built environments, includinggood,healthyinternalenvironments.Amongotherthings,thismeansthatwewillworkto:•reduce flows of scarce resources in the
builtenvironment;•reducethespreadofmaterialsthathave
anadverseeffectontheinternalorexter-nalenvironment,oronthepeoplethatliveandworkinthem.
Sustainable urban buildingThisheadingcoversprojectsthatarefocused,atamoregenerallevel,ontheentireplanning
andbuildingprocessforurbanenvironmentandinfrastructuraldevelopment,bothinrela-tiontonewconstructionand,notleast,therefurbishmentofexistingenvironments.Dis-persion models for allergensisanexampleoftheprojectsthatwereundertakenin2009.Atpresent,nodataisavailableforthedispersionofequineallergens,whichisafactorofimpor-tanceinplanningapplicationsandconditionsforbuildinginthevicinityofstudfarmsandstablesinbuilt-upareas.
Reducing use and exposure to hazardous substances This area of activity includes projects de-signed to reduce the inflow of hazardoussubstancesintobuildingmaterials,reducetheriskofexposurewhenusingnewprod-uctscontaininghazardoussubstances,andreducetherisksinvolvedindemolitionandrebuilding, aswell as in surveying and re-mediatingcontaminatedsoil.In2009,the
BASTA system for phasing out hazardoussubstances inbuildingproductswas com-plementedwithariskinformationmodule.
Energy-efficient and climate-adapted building with good indoor environmentInthisarea,IVLconductsprojectsfocusedonefficientenergyutilisationwithreducedglo-balorlocalenvironmentalimpact,includingemissionsofgreenhousegases,aswellasahigherproportionofrenewableenergyformsinbuildings.Wealsoundertakeprojectsdeal-ingwithconstruction,infrastructureandotherurbanplanninginthecontextofachangedcli-mate.Projectscarriedoutinthisareain2009included Influence of building structures on the indoor environment,whichisdesignedtoestablishsystemsformonitoringtheeffectsofdampinbuildingsontheindoorenviron-ment,aswellasvarioustechniquesforcor-rectingdamagecausedbydamp.
Sustainable building
IVL has developed various tools to help players in the building sector to reduce
their environmental and climate footprint.
IVL provides building sector with tools for sustainable developmentInrecentyears,IVLhasdevelopedaseriesoftoolstoassistplayersinthebuildingandpropertysectortoreducetheirenvironmentalandclimatefootprint.KnownasAnavitor,oneofthesehasrecentlybecomehighlyattractivetothegrowingcorpsofplayersinthebuildingandpropertysectorinvolvedinpreparingclimatedeclarations,performingclimatecalculationsoranxioustooffertheircustomersclimatecompensation.
The tool calculates life-cyclecosts (LCC)andperforms life-cycleanalysis(LCA)fortheSwedishbuildingmarketonthebasisofinforma-tionalreadyavailablefrombusinesssystems,CADsystemsorproduc-tioncostings.Thisinformationcanthenbeusedtocalculatetheenvi-ronmentalloadingofabuildingstructureoveritsentirelife.Ifrequired,acompanycanobtainareportclassifyingtheenvironmentalimpactbycategory,suchasoperation,maintenance,dismantling,buildingcom-ponents,environmentalclassetc.
Interest is alsogrowing in thedevelopmentof life-cycledataformajorconstructionandinfrastructuralprojects.Atpresent,thisappliestotheproductionofenvironmentalandenergydataforentireinfrastructures,includingroads,railways,bridges,tunnels,station
installationsandgoodshandlingterminals.In2009,forexample,IVLdevelopedsystemanalysesfortheentireSwedishrailinfrastruc-tureonbehalfoftheBothniaLineandtheformerSwedishNationalRailAdministration(Banverket),whichisnowpartoftherecentlyestablishedSwedishTransportAdministration.
TheBASTAsystemisatooldevelopedbyIVLincollaborationwithmajorsectionsofthebuildingsector,andismanagedbyacompanynowownedjointlybyIVLandtheSwedishConstructionFederation.Initiatedasaresearchproject,BASTAhassincebeendevelopedintoafunction-ingmarketplaceforenvironmentallycompatiblebuildingmaterials.Atpresent,thesystemcoversover7,700productscomplyingwithitsstrictenvironmentalstandards,makingitthebiggestsystemonthemarketforenvironmentallycompatibleproductspecification.
ThebasicconceptunderlyingBASTAisthatthematerialsuppliersreg-istertheproductsthatcomplywithstrictstandardsintermsofchemicalcontent.SincethesystemcriteriaarebasedontheEuropeanCommunityRegulation,REACH,BASTAisapracticaltoolthatenablesmaterialmanu-facturers,suppliersandpurchasersaliketocomplywithitsprovisions.
contact: anna jarnehammar, director, climate & sustainable cities
Photo: Jan Westerlund
ivl annual report 2009
12
ivl annual report 2009
thematic areas
Sustainable production
IVL’s work environment researchers have studied the most effective way of protecting welders from unneces-
sary exposure to welding fumes.
ActivitiesintheareaofSustainableProduc-tionareverycomprehensive,coveringevery-thingfromenvironmentalengineeringsolu-tionstoorganisationalmeasuresdesignedtocreateagoodworkenvironment,effectiveenvironmental management and the soci-etalaspectsofanoperation,somethingthataffectsworkingconditionsbothinacompa-ny’sownfacilitiesandthoseofitssuppliers.
TheobjectiveofSustainableProductionactivitiesistomeettheneedsofcompaniesfor expertise in analysing and developingoperations and production activities thatcomplywithenvironmentalandworkenvi-ronment standards, while improving thecompany’sprofitabilityandcreatingmarketopportunitiesforit.
IVLhasaverylongtraditioninthisareaandisworkingcloselywithaseriesofcom-panies and industries to develop systemsfor cost-effective environmental engineer-ingsolutions,technicalandorganisationalmeasuresdesigned tocreateagoodwork
environment and effective environmentalmanagement.
Environmental engineering exper-tise for process optimisationThe need to streamline production is con-siderable,especiallyinviewofinternationalcompetitioninmanyindustries.Asaresult,itisimportanttodevelopnew,andoptimiseexisting,productionengineeringsolutionsintermsofenvironment,productquality,mate-rialandenergyutilisation,costs,andsocietalaspects.Improvementsshouldbedevelopedwithalife-cycleperspectiveofboththeenvi-ronmentalandeconomicaspects.
Environment and work environme-nt important elements of corporate managementSustainableworkinglifemeansthatproduc-tionisbasedonprocessesthatdonotharmthosewhoperformthem,andthatalsofacili-tatetheinvolvementanddedicationofthe
employees.Sustainableenterpriseisaboutmethods of environmental managementandsustainabledevelopment.Thesemeth-ods,includingasustainablecorporatework-inglife,arealsobeingdeveloped,evaluatedandimplementedinthearea.
Tomorrow’s products and systemsTheareaincludesworkonthedevelopmentofabasisthatwillhelpcompaniestostrategi-callyplantheirenvironmentalprogrammes.Also included is the development of newproducts and services for sustainable pro-duction,andtheuseoftheseinthecompa-nies’domesticmarkets,aswellastherapidlygrowing export market for environmentaltechnologyandenvironmentallycompatibleproducts. In2009, theverificationofenvi-ronmentaltechnologywasanimportantis-sue, aswereothermethodsofpromotinginnovationinthefield.
Sustainable development assumes good work environmentTwoindependentstudiescarriedoutbyIVLworkenvironmentre-searchersyieldedsimilarfindingstotheeffectthatbreathingequip-mentdoesnotalwaysprovidetheprotectionexpectedofit.
Oneofthestudiesdealtwithdisposablefiltermasks,half-maskrespiratorsandfan-suppliedrespiratorswithparticlefilters.Aseriesofabout80measurementswascarriedout,mainlyintheconstruc-tionandengineeringindustries,andtheresultsvariedwidelyregard-lessofthetypeofprotectionused.
Inthoseinstancesinwhichtheequipmentfailedtoprovidepro-tection,incorrectusewasfoundtobetheusualreason.Facialhair,oldanddefectivefilters,anddirtymaskswereamongthecausesidentified.Insomeinstances,userswerecleaningthedeviceswithavacuumcleanerorcompressedairinsteadofreplacingthefilters,causingthefilterstocrackandpermitparticleingress.
Thepurposeofthesecondstudyistoidentifythemosteffectivemethodof protectingwelders fromunnecessary exposure towelding fumes,basedonthefindingsofvisitstothosecompaniesthathavebeenmostsuccessfulinthearea.Somewhatsurprisingly,however,thisindicatedthatthemeasuresimplementedbythesecompanieswerestilllessthansatisfactory.Thereasonsforthiswereanalysedcarefully.Apartfromfac-torssuchasunder-designedventilationsystems,defectivehoses,modi-fiedexhaustnozzlesandincorrectlylocatedextractionbooms,thisstudyalsorevealedthatthemainproblemisinsufficientknowledge,especiallyofbreathingequipment,andhowitshouldbeusedandmaintained.
Sincemeasuresdoexistthatfunctionwellandcanreducetheexposureofthewelder,aswellashisorherworkmates,toweldingfumes,IVLiscontinuingonthisaswellasthebreathingequipmentproject.SupportedbyfundingfromAFAInsurance,IVL’sworkenvi-ronmentresearcherswilldevelopawebsiteprovidinginformationonhowtousebreathingequipment.Awebsiteforimprovingtheworkenvironmentinweldingoperationswillalsobesetup.
contact: elin eriksson, director, sustainable organisations, products & processes
Foto: Pär Fjällström
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ivl annual report 2009
thematic areas
The overall thrust of the thematic area ofResource-efficientproductsandwasteistodevelopmethodsandtoolsforsustainableproducts and sustainable waste manage-ment,andtohelptoensurethattheseareadoptedbythecommunity.Anotherimpor-tant task is to identify both the obstaclesandopportunitiesassociatedwithproductsintended for sustainable development orsustainableconsumption.
IVLhasbeenworkingonmethodsdevel-opment and system analysis of productsandproductionprocessesforSwedishbusi-nessforover20years,andsystemanalysisandalife-cycleperspectivearenowthehall-marksofthecompany’sentireapproachandmodusoperandiinthearea.
Products for sustainable develop-ment in the community Thefocusisonconservingresourcesandre-ducingtheenvironmentalimpactofgoods,servicesandother technicalsystemsfrom
a life-cycleperspective. In2009,wemadeaparticularstudyofthefeasibilityofdevel-oping projects in the area of Sustainableconsumptionandproduction–anareapri-oritisedbytheEU.Thisincludesthedevelop-mentofmethodsandtoolsforquantifyingandcommunicatingtheenvironmentalper-formanceofproducts.
Prevention and management of waste Thisareaincludessystemanalyses,aswellasstudiesofwasteprevention,recyclingandwastemanagement,andthemanagementoflandfillsitesandleachate.IVLisleadingSustainablewastemanagement,amulti-yearresearchprogrammefundedbytheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Examplesof researchcarriedoutaspartof thispro-grammeincludetherecyclingofelectroniccomponents,plasticsandtextiles,aswellasbiologicalrecyclingintheformofcasestud-ies.Theworkenvironmentassociatedwith
thepreventionandmanagementofwaste,andthedevelopmentofsustainablewastemanagementandcycleactivities,areotheraspectsstudiedbyIVL.In2009,prioritywasgiventomeasuresforreducingtheworkloadinvolvedinrefusecollectionoperations.
Risk assessment of end-of-life products and wasteIVLdevelopsmethodsofsoilanalysis,riskassessmentandriskevaluationforthepur-poseofdevelopingactionprogrammesandsuitable remediation measures. In 2009,prioritywasgiven toeco-toxicological test-ing,amongotherthingstoprovideanalter-nativetosoiltestingandriskassessmentofmaterials.
Resource-efficient products and waste
Bringing together the complete recycling chain to in-crease plastics recyclingEnd-of-lifevehiclesandelectronicproductsarecollectedalloverEurope.Thesearedismantledandsortedinamannerthatensuresthedestruc-tion,oftoxicsubstances.However,whereasglassandmetalsarerecov-eredandrecycledtomakenewproducts,plasticsareaccumulatedintherecyclingplantsinrapidlygrowingstockpilesofwhatareknownasstructuralplastics.Possessinggoodlong-termproperties,thesemateri-alsshouldbeverysuitableformakingnewvehicleorelectroniccompo-nents;however,theyarenotbeingusedforthispurpose.
TogetherwiththeRoyalInstituteofTechnology,(KTH),IVLisconductingtheEQP(EcoQualityPolymer)researchprojectfinancedbyFORMAS.Amongotheraims,EQPisdesignedtoexaminewhythemarketforrecycledplasticsisnotworkingandtoproposesolu-tionsfortheefficientrecyclingofstructuralplastics.
Thefirststepintheprojectwastogathertogetherrepresenta-tivesofthecompleterefinementchain.Themeetingwasattendedbyrepresentativesofthevehicleindustry(VolvoandSaab),theplastics
industry(PolykemiAB),andtherecyclingindustry(Swerec,Stena,Interseroh,El-kretsen,andtheSwedishRecyclingIndustries’Asso-ciation).Otherparticipantsincludedanumberoftradeassociations,suchastheSwedishCarRecyclersAssociation(SBR)andBILSwe-den.Theinterestingaspectwasthatnoneoftheseplayershadeversataroundthesametabletodiscusscommonmatters.
Allflows,aswellasthequantitiesandtypesofplasticinvolved,arechartedaspartofEQP,fromthepointthatthematerialbecomespart of the relevant product until it reaches its final destination.IssuessuchasthequalityassuranceofrecycledplasticrawmaterialsandallmattersassociatedwiththeconceptofDesignforrecyclingareamongotherimportantaspects.
Theoverallaimoftheprojectistoincreasetherecyclingofplasticsfromcarsandelectronics,andtoincreasetheproportionofrecycledplasticsintheproducts–inotherwords,toclosetheplasticscycle.
TheEQPprojectillustrates,withunusualclarity,IVL’suniquecom-petenceintermsofsystemandlife-cycleperspectives,aswellasitsroleasabridgebuilderbetweenthird-levelresearchandbusiness.
Why is the market for recycled structural plastics not working? That was the basic question when IVL undertook the EQP
research project. The work illustrates how IVL functions as a neutral meeting place, in this case for players in a complete
refinement chain.
contact: elin eriksson, director, sustainable organisations, products & processes
Photo: Jan Westerlund
ivl annual report 2009
14 climate negotiations
IVLresearchersandexpertswereinvolvedinseveraldifferentcon-texts,rangingfromtheproductionofemissionsdataandtheestab-lishmentofdecision-makingbases,toholdingseminarsforthedel-egates.TheseseminarswereheldeitherwithintheUNframeworkorinthespecialEUpavilion.
IVL expert contributes to climate negotiationsThroughout2009,IVLresearcherKarinKindbom,onbehalfoftheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency, tookpart in theUN’sclimatenegotiationactivities,culminatingintheCOP15meetinginCopenhagenduringanintensiveperiodinDecember.Herassign-mentwastocompiledocumentationandviewpointspriortothenegotiations,andalsotoobserveandanalysethetrendinthene-gotiationstatus.Theworkinvolvedthecoordinationandplanningofvariousmatters,bothwithinSwedenandtheEU,aspartofoneoftheexpertgroupsunderWPIEI-CC(Working Party on International Environmental Issues – Climate Change),theEUCouncil’sworkinggrouponclimateissues.DuringtheSwedishEUpresidencyinthesecondhalfof2009,Karin,togetherwiththeSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyrepresentative,workedasamemberoftheEU’s
expertgrouponreportingissues.ThegroupmonitoredthenegotiationsandpreparedtheEU’snegotiatingpositionsinterms,forexample,ofcriteriaandrulesforinventorying,re-porting,monitoringandinspectingtheparticipatingnations’greenhousegasemissions.ThegroupalsoworkedonissuesrelatingtodefinitionsandthefuturecontentofMRV(Meas-urable,Reportable,Verifiable),akeyconceptintroduceddur-ingtheBalinegotiationsin2007.
Optimistic 2050 energy scenario for Sweden Swedishemissionsofcarbondioxidecanbereducedby70percentbe-tween2007and2050whilemaintainingeconomicgrowthandusingcurrentlyknowntechnology–andby80percentifcarbondioxidestor-age(CCStechnology)isalsoadopted.ThiswasthemessagefromIVL’sLarsZetterbergtotheCopenhagennegotiatorsatoneoftheseminarsinwhichIVLwasinvolvedduringCOP15.OrganisedinpartnershipwiththeSwedishMinistryoftheEnvironment,theseminarwasen-titledGetting serious about 2030 targetsanddealtwiththeproblemofsettingtargetsnowfor2020whileestablishinglong-termincentivesforacomprehensivereductioningreenhousegasemissions.
Thescenariowasadevelopmentofthenoteworthyenergysce-nariopresentedattheIVLconferenceinMay2009.Thisexaminedthefeasibilityofachievingasignificantreductionincarbondioxideemissionswiththeaidofcurrentlyknowntechnologyandintensiveutilisationofbioenergy–adevelopmentwhich,inturn,assumesahighlevelofutilisationoffellingwasteandforestryby-productsforenergypurposes.AccordingtotheestimatesoftheSwedishForestAgency,thiswouldbefeasiblewithoutjeopardisingtheavailabilityofforestrawmaterialsforboththepulpandpaperindustry,andforthesawmillingandwoodproductsindustry.
IVL and the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference
During2009,particularlyduringthesecondhalfofthe
yearwhenSwedenassumedtheEUpresidency,IVLwas
involvedinpreparationsforCOP15,theUNClimate
ChangeConference,whichwasheldinCopenhagenin
December.
Karin Kindbom
Reliable reporting is key“Ourworkofmeasuringatmosphericemissions,anddevelopingemissionfactorsandmethodsofinventoryingsourcesandpollut-antsofvarioustypes,hasgivenusasignificantbodyofknowledgeaboutenvironmentalimpactinSweden.Withthisasbasis,wehavebeenable,byaprocessofsummary,evaluationandsynthesis,tocontributeactionproposals,aswellasabasisfordevelopinglegisla-tion,limitsand/orrecommendationsgoverningemissionlevels.
“Thisknowledge–whichwehavebuiltupover40yearsorso–hasbeen,andcontinuestobe,veryimportant.Thisisespeciallyapparentfromourexperienceoftheinternationalclimatenegoti-ations.Withoutmeticulousproceduresformeasuring,evaluatingand,inparticular,reportingemissionswereallydonotknowwhattheoutcomeofagreementswillbeinpractice.Areliableandrobustreportingsystemiskeytoaninternationalclimateagreementandformsthebasisforverifyingthatthepartiestoithonourtheircom-mitmentsundertheClimateConvention(UNFCCC)andtheKyotoProtocol.”
Karin Kindbom
works on the inventory-
ing and reporting of
greenhouse gases and
other atmospheric pol-
lutants with organisa-
tions including the
Swedish Environmental
Emissions Database
(SMED) (www.smed.
se), of which IVL is a
member.
ivl annual report 2009
15climate negotiations
CDM in China – Chinese and European perspectivesTogetherwiththeEuropeanCommission’sDirectorate-GeneralforExternalRelations(DGRelex),IVLheldaseminaronCDM(Clean Development Mechanism) inChina.CDMmaybedescribedasacollaborativemodeldefinedbytheUNClimateConventionandtheKyotoProtocolthatenablesconcretemeasurestobetakentoreducegreenhousegasemissionsininstanceswheretheeffectperunitofinvestmentisgreatest.Theseminarfocusedontechnologytransfer,theimpactofsustainabledevelopment,marketdevelopmentandpolicy.ThepresentationswerebasedontheresultsoftheEU-China CDM Facilitation Project ledbyIVL.
Climate justice and sustainable developmentTogetherwithActionforGlobalClimateCommunity,IVLpresentedamodel–aclimatecommunity–thatcanleadtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangewithintheframeworkofcontinuedeconomic
development.Theclimatecommunityconceptincludesopportuni-tiesandcriticalfactorsforincreasingtheinvolvementofChinaandIndiainclimatepolicy.
Technology transfer between EU and IndiaTheEuropean Business and Technology Centre (EBTC)inIndiawasthesubjectofyetanotherseminar.IVLisastakeholderinEBTC,whosemissionistoworktoincreasetheEU’senvironmentalengineeringtechnologytransfertoIndia,withthefocusonclimateimprovementmeasures.
Climate AccountDelegatesandothervisitorstotheCOP15negotiationswereinvitedtotheBellaCentretotestClimate Account–theIVL-developedtooldesignedtohelpindividualstoreducetheirclimatefootprint(seealsopage9).
IVL’s Philip Thörn (centre) took part in seminars on CDM in China and on global climate justice as part of the UN Climate Change Confer-ence in Copenhagen in December.
Photo: Charlotte Nilsson
Phot
o: ii
sd
ivl annual report 2009
16 ivl in china
Almost25yearshaveelapsedsincetheChineseambassadorinStock-holmunexpectedlycontactedIVLtodiscussalistofenvironmentalproblemsthatneededtobesolvedinTianjin.OnereasonwasthatTianjin,whichwasthenineffecttheportofBeijing,wasoneofthefewopencitiesinChinaatthetime,andthesevereenvironmentalissuesthatitwasobviouslyexperiencingwereprovinganobstacleinattractingforeigninvestors.
ThatIVLwasprivilegedtobeawardedthisassignmentwasduetothefacttheSwedenhadimpressedtheChineseasthehomeofactiveenvironmentalagencies,andthatIVLwasconsideredtobeintheabsoluteforefrontofappliedenvironmentalresearch.
SEC helps Swedish companies to penetrate Chinese marketTheresultofallthiswasavisitbyIVLtoTianjintomeetrepresentativesoftheinstitutionnowknownastheTianjinAcademyofEnvironmentalSci-ence(TAES).Thisled,in1986,totheestablishmentofcooperationthatisstillactiveandismanifested,amongotherthings,bythejoint-venturecompany,SEC(Sino-SwedishEnvironmentalTechnologyDevelopmentCentre).Duringthe2000s,SEC–whichnowhasastaffoffour–assistedseveralSwedishcompaniestoentertheChinesemarket.
DuringtheinitialphaseofIVL’sactivitiesinChina,interestwasfocusedmainlyontheproblemsassociatedwiththeconditionoftheTianjincanals,theairqualitysituation,theexpansionofthecoastal
zoneandthesupplyoffreshwaterfromvari-ousreservoirs.Withtheimprovementoftheexternalenvironment,theemphasisshiftedtoindustrialeffluentsandtechnologytrans-fer in theareasof cleanerproductionengi-neering,separationtechnology,andbiologi-calfinaltreatment.Aspecialfocuswasalsoplacedon thedevelopmentof informationshowing the importance of implementingupstreamaction leading to reducedutilisa-tionofwater,energy,andchemicaladditives.
Training in life-cycle thinkingAlargenumberofresearchers,companiesandpublicagencyperson-nelhavebeentrainedinlife-cyclethinkingtoencourageaholisticmindset.Thiswascarriedoutwhilethepartieswerealsomappingthe environmental footprint of productsmade by three differentcompanies.TheresultwastoenableChinesecompaniestoidentifythemarketopportunitiesavailabletothosethatmanagetheirenvi-ronmentalprogrammesconscientiously.
Lake remediation, environmental technology centre and sustainable citiesOvertheyears,IVLhasalsoparticipatedinprojectsinotherlocationsinChina.ExamplesincludetheremediationofLakeWuliangshuhaiinInnerMongolia,theintroductionoftheCleanerProductionconceptinLiaoningprovince,asurveyofatmosphericpollutantsinKunming,implementationoftheSustainableCityconceptinWuhaiandHohot,andtheestablishmentofanenvironmentaltechnologycentreandwastemanagementfacilityinWuhan.
EU-funded projectsInrecentyears,IVLhasbeenappointedtodirectmoreandmoreEU-fundedprojectsinChina.ExamplesincludetheEU-China CDM
Aftermorethan20yearsofactivityinChina,IVLopenedthefirst
officeofitsowninthecountryon22January2010inBeijing.The
newofficeislocatedadjacenttothepremisesoftheSwedishTrade
Council,enablingSwedishcompaniestoavailofIVL’smanyyearsof
experienceinexportingenvironmentaltechnologytoChina.
IVL over 20 years in China
Photo: Jonas Röttorp
ivl annual report 2009
17ivl in china
Facilitation Project,whosepurposeistostrengthenCDM(CleanDe-velopmentMechanism),oneoftheflexiblemechanismsspecifiedintheKyotoprotocol.OneofthebiggestEUprojectsofitstype,thisisdirectedbyIVLandexecutedbyaconsortiumofChineseandEu-ropeanpartners.Theprojectincludesresearch,capacityexpansion,communications, and information dissemination elements. TheresearchaspectisfocusedmainlyonastudyofhowCDMisinflu-encingChina’ssustainabledevelopmentandhowthenation’sCDMpoliciescanbeimproved.IVLhasdirectedresearchprojectsdealingwithtechnologytransferthroughCDMandwiththedevelopmentoftheCDMmarketinChina,andhasplayedanactiveroleinotherresearchprojects.
Competence development in Shanghai building sector TheTrain the Trainersprojectisbeingcarriedoutwithintheframe-workoftheEU’sSwitchAsiaprogramme.ItspurposeistodevelopcompetenceinthebuildingsectorintheShanghairegionthroughcollaborationbetweenIVL,TongjiUniversity–oneoftheforemosttechnologicalinstitutionsinChina–andtheEUChamberofCom-merceinShanghai.
Theoverallgoalistocommunicateknowledgeofenergy-efficientbuildinginChina.‘Trainthetrainers’willensurethatmorepeople–especiallybuildingcontractorsanddesignengineers–benefitfromthisknowhow.Inaddition,experiencesofdifferentpoliciesonener-gy-efficientbuildingarecomparedandpolicyimprovementpropos-alsdevelopedasameansofinfluencingtheChinesegovernmentandEUlegislators.
ThetrainingmethodologyusedinShanghaiissimilarinverymanyrespectstothecompetencedevelopmentprogrammedevelopedbyIVLandusedwithintheframeworkofthecompetencedevelopmentprogrammeoftheBuilding-Livingdialogue.
Natural gas-based district heating an alternative to coal in ChinaIna2009studycarriedoutwithaChinesepartnerwithintheframe-work of the EU-China Energy and Environment Programme, IVLdevelopedproposalsformeetingtheenergyneedsofthepartiallyundevelopedeasternzoneofYizhuangwiththeminimumpossibleenvironmental impactgivenconditionsintheregion.Theprojectmethodology was based on the concept known as Comprehen-sive Energy Planning(CEP),inwhichenergyproduction,transport,conversion,andutilisationareconsideredintotality.
Basedonthefindingsofthestudy,IVLproposedachangeovertonaturalgas-baseddistrictheatingtominimiseemissionsfromtheenergysystem.ThestudyalsoillustratedthepotentialenvironmentalbenefitsofmodifyingChina’senergysupplystructureincomparisonwiththepresentsystem,inwhichenergyproducersmaynotsellelec-tricitytoexternalcustomers.
contact: östen ekengren, executive vice president, business development & marketing
One of IVL’s first assignments in China over 20 years ago was a project to clean the canals in Tianjin.
Phot
o: Jo
nas R
ötto
rp
18
ivl annual report 2009
directors’ report
The board and CEO of IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. hereby submit their report and statement of accounts for the operating year 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009.OwnedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishindustry,IVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstituteLtd.(IVL)undertakesre-searchprojectsandcontractassignmentsintheenvironmentalfield.Establishedin1966,thecompanyemployedatotalof179peopleinStockholm,GothenburgandBeijingasof31December2009.IVLhasbeenalimitedcompanysince1982andreportednetsalesofSEK203.9millionin2009.
Ongoing implementation of new operational management systemAstrategicreviewofIVL’sactivitieswascarriedoutin2008.Thecom-pany’sMissionandVisionwererevisedandadoptedbytheboard(seebelow),togetherwiththeassociatedkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs) for2009.Duringtheyear, theoperationwasmanagedandmonitoredatregular(quarterly)intervalsinrelationtothesettargets.Targetcomplianceforthefullyearwasjustover80%.
Mission:IVL’smissionistowork,bypursuingappliedresearch,andbyundertakingcontractassignmentsandresearchprojects,foreco-logical,economicandsociallysustainablegrowthwithinbusinessandsocietyatlarge.
Vision:IVL’s offers•IVLoffersleading-edgeexpertiseinitscoreareasandisthefirstchoiceofitscustomers.•IVLprovidesholisticsolutionsanddevelopsstrategiccompetenciesincollaborationwithitscustomers.•IVLoffersservicesbasedonthelatestresearchfindings.
IVL’s identity and relationships •IVL is recognised as a respected and independent researchinstitute,bothwithintheEUandinternationally.•IVLworksinstrongallianceswithworld-leadingresearchenviron-mentsandcompanies.•IVListhepremierforumfordealingwithenvironmentalissuesinSweden.•IVLadoptsworkformsthatreflectcustomerneeds.
IVL as a workplace•isaninternationallyattractiveworkplaceforallemployeesworkingonenvironmentalandsustainabilityissues;•isauniqueassemblyofexpertpersonnelworkingattheveryfore-frontofresearch;•aimstoincreaseitsmarketsharesignificantlycomparedwith2008.
Value systemTheworkofdevelopingIVL’svaluesystembeganin2008.Anumberofmeetingswereheldin2009byaworkinggrouptodiscussboththecontentofthevaluesystemandhowtokeepitalive.Amongotheractivities,thetaskwasbasedonlunchmeetingsthatwereopentoallemployees.Thevaluesystemwasdefinedasfollows:
IVL’s value system is founded on credibility, totality and foresigh-tedness.Asemployees,wearecommittedtoandproudofdoingagoodjobthatisofbenefitbothtosocietyandourcustomers.
Key events during the yearOrganisational reviewAreviewofIVL’sorganisationbeganintheautumn.Severalchangegoalswereestablished,includinganincreaseinthenumberofprojectsandcustomers,assuredprofitabilityandreinforcedcompetence.Achangeteamwasassignedtodevelopandworkthroughanumberoforganisationaloptions,andtheoptionsreviewedwerecommunicatedtotheworkforce.Viewpointsweresoughtfrombothmanagementandotheremployeesthroughanumberofseminarsandpresentations.Co-determinationnegotiationsregardingtheneworganisationtookplacebeforeChristmas, theexecutivemanagementgroupwasap-pointedinJanuary2010andthenewstructurebecameeffectiveon1February.
Activities in China strengthenedDuetotheincreaseinscopeofitsactivitiesinChinainanumberofareasofoperation,IVLopeneditsownofficeinBeijinginJanuary.Priortothis,thecompany’srepresentationinthecountryhadbeenlimitedtoitsjoint-venturecollaborationwithSEC(Sino-SwedishEnvironmen-talTechnologyDevelopmentCo.Ltd.)inTianjin.InNovember,CEOTordSvedbergwaspartofaEuropeantrademissionthatvisitedChinainconjunctionwiththeFifth EU-China Business SummitinNanjing.ThethemeofthismeetingwasThe Green Agenda.
Currentactivities inChina includeanEUproject inShanghai,inwhichIVL’sroleistosupporttheUniversityofTongjiwithvariousresearch-relatedresourcesthatcanbeusedtodevelopcompetenciesintheconstructionindustry.AnenergyoptimisationprojectatanewindustrialzoneontheoutskirtsofBeijingwasalsocompleted.Acur-rentwaterprojectisdesignedtodeveloppreventivemeasures,includ-ingwarningsystems,toprotectdrinkingwatersources.Intheareaofenvironmentalengineering,anumberofdemonstrationprojectsarealsounderwayinWuhai,WuhanandTianjin.
Duringtheyear,IVLcontinuedtodirectthemajorCDMproject,whosepurposeistostrengthenChina’scapacityundertheKyotopro-tocol’sClean Development Mechanism.NotableasoneoftheEU’smostsuccessfulventuresinChina,theprojectwasfeaturedattheCOP15climatenegotiationsinCopenhageninDecember.
Activities relating to Sweden’s EU presidency and COP15IVLwasinvolvedinanumberofeventsheldinconjunctionwiththeSwedishpresidencyoftheEU,mainlyincooperationwiththePrimeMinister’sOffice,MinistryoftheEnvironment,MinistryofEnterprise,EnergyandCommunications,andEuropeanCommission.Amongotherthings,IVL’snewclimatecalculator,Climate Account–atoolthatenablesanindividualtocalculatehisorherclimatefootprint–wasdemonstratedatthepresidentialinaugurationon1July,theenergyandenvironmentministers’meetingattheendofJuly,andthehigh-levelmeetinginStrömstadinSeptember.
RecognisingtheimportantroleofthemediaincommunicatingknowledgeofIVLitself,aswellasitsresearchactivities,thecompanytooktheinitiativeofholdingafull-daytrainingcourseforjournalistsonmattersfeaturingontheenvironmentalagendaoftheSwedishEUpresidency–climate,climatepolicy,andBalticSeaissues.Thiswas
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carriedoutinAugustincooperationwiththeMinistryoftheEnviron-ment,theEuropeanCommission,theSwedishEnvironmentalProtec-tionAgency,andStockholmEnvironmentInstitute(SEI).
Inmid-September,IVLhostedMinistersforEuropeanAffairsofthe27EUmembernationsaboardtheresearchvessel,Sunbeam.CEOTordSvedbergdescribedIVL’sactivities,especiallyintheBalticSearegion,anddisplayedsedimentsamplesfromdeadandrecoveringseabedzonesinthearea.DepartmentheadSamEkstrandgaveanoverviewoftheenvironmentalsituationintheBalticSeareporting,amongotherthings,onapromisingprojectinwhichphosphorus-absorbentpelletsarebeingusedtoradicallyreducephosphorusleak-ageintothesea.
IVLwasappointedtoarrangeanumberofactivitiesattheCOP15climate negotiations in Copenhagen in December. In addition tomountinganexhibitionanddemonstratingtheClimate Account,IVLcontributedtothefollowingevents:•Climate justice and sustainable development: Intensifying the dialogue
between EU, India and China,inwhichIVL,togetherwithActionforaGlobalClimateCommunity,presentedaclimatecommunitythatcancontributetoeffortstocombatclimatechangewithintheframe-workofongoingeconomicdevelopment.•CDM in China – Chinese and European Perspectives,inwhichIVL,togetherwiththeEuropeanCommission’sDirectorate-GeneralforExternalRelations(DGRelex),heldaseminaronCDMinChina,technology transfer, impactonsustainabledevelopment,marketdevelopmentandpolicy.•ApresentationontheEuropean Business and Technology Centre (EBTC)inIndia,inwhichIVLisapartner.TheideaisthatEBTCwillworktoincreaseenvironmentaltechnologytransferfromtheEUtoIndiaasameansofpromotingenvironmentalimprovementmeasures.•Getting serious about 2030 targets,aneventinwhichtheIVL-basedclimatepolicyresearchprogramme,Clipore,togetherwiththeMin-istryoftheEnvironment,focusedontheconflictbetweensettingtargets(for2020)atthepresenttimeandlong-termincentivesforcomprehensivelow-carboninvestment.
Expansion and broadening of competence baseInmid-2008,IVLtookovertheoperationsofAimex–oneofSweden’sleadingcompaniesintheinvestigationofdamagecausedbydampandmould.Additionalresearchersandexpertswererecruitedin2009,givingIVLaleadingpositioninanareathatisanessentialaspectofsustainablebuilding–oneofthecompany’spriorityareas.
Communication and cooperationCommunicationwithaseriesoftargetgroups–internalinthecontextofresearchprojects,aswellasexternal–willbeofgreaterimportancetoIVLinthefuture.Onereasonwillbetoincreasethegenerallevelofknowledgeregardingthecompany’sactivitiesandexpertise,anothertorefineandcustomisecommunicationrelatingtoresearchfindingstosuittheparticulartargetgroup.AfurtherreasonistoensurethattheresearchanddevelopmentworkpursuedbyIVLwillbenefitmanymorestakeholdersthanatpresent.Thishasbeenunderlined,forex-ample,bytheindependentassessmentofIVLresearchthatwasiniti-atedin2008andcontinuedin2009.
IVL strengthened its communication resources even furtherduringtheyear,andundertookaninternalprojectdesignedbothtoimprovethecommunicativecapacityofitsemployeesanddevelop
modelstoimprovethetargetgroupadaptationofwhatwecommu-nicate.Theoverallpurposeistodeliverevengreatercustomerbenefitandensurethatessentialknowledgeistranslatedintopracticalappli-cationinthecommunityasquicklyaspossible.
ThetrainingcoursesandseminarsconductedbyIVLKnowledgeplay a vital role in this context.Highly demand-driven, these pro-grammesaretailoredtohighqualitystandards,afactthathasalsobeennotedbyoutsideplayers,whoareincreasinglyusingtheservicesofIVLKnowledgeformajorseminarsandevents.InApril,forexam-ple,IVLKnowledgeorganisedthemajorNordicpassivehousescon-ference–whichwasattendedbyover400delegates–onbehalfoftheSwedishEnergyAgency,VästraGötalandRegionalAdministra-tion,SwedishPassiveHouseCentre,SPTechnicalResearchInstituteofSweden,IVL,andSwedishConstructionFederation.
Sinceitsestablishmentin2005,IVLKnowledgehasorganised75seminarsandcoursesattendedbyover2,500people.IVLKnowledgealsoorganisestheClimateChallenge–acompetitionforyoungpeoplethatwasheldforthethirdtimein2009.
Commercialisation of R&DCommercialisationoftheresearchundertakenbyIVLcanresultinfast-erdisseminationofenvironmentalandresource-savingtechnologiestocompanies.Duringtheyear,relativelymajorresourceswerecom-mittedtotheestablishmentofacompanyundertheworkingtitleofEEQtodisseminateandpromotetheuseofamethodology,especiallywithintheprocessindustry,ofintegratingeconomic,environmentalandquality-relatedgoalsinday-to-dayoperations.
BASTAonlineLtd.becamealimitedcompanyin2007,andispres-entlyownedbyIVL(60%)andtheSwedishConstructionFederation(40%).ThecompanyadministersanddevelopstheBASTAsystemofevaluatingandphasingoutparticularlyhazardoussubstancesinbuildingmaterials,andhadaturnoverofSEK1.7millionin2009.Dur-ingtheyear,thecompanyworkedtodevelopthesystembyincorporat-ingriskmanagementmodules,andalsoinitiatedcollaborationwiththeSwedishBuildingMaterialsAssessmentAssociation(BVB)andthebuildingmaterialsdatabase,DocuByggfakta,bothofwhichareimportantplayersinspecifyingenvironment-friendlyproducts,inadevelopmentwelcomedparticularlybytheconstructionindustry.Asof1January,theBASTAsystemandtheFinfoproductdatabasehavebeeninterlinkedmorecloselyintechnicalterms,simplifyingtheiruseformanymaterialsuppliers.
Collaboration with universities and institutes of technologyIVL’sstrategyincludestheestablishmentanddevelopmentofclosecooperationwiththebusinesssector,internatio¬nalresearchbodies,anduniversitiesandinstitutesoftechnology.Aspartofthis,IVLhasalsoformaliseditscooperationwiththeRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stockholm(KTH),ChalmersUniversityofTechnology,Gothenburg(CTH),andtheFacultyofEngineeringatLundUniversity(LTH).
Asoneelementofthesecooperativeventures,IVLisworkingtoestablishcloserinvolvementbetweenitsresearchersandtheresearchprogrammesoftheinstitutionsconcerned.Oneoutcomeofthisdur-ingtheyearwastheappointmentofAnn-BethAntonssontoaprofes-sorshipinergonomicsatKTH’sSchoolofTechnologyandHealth,theinstitution’sfirstfemaleadjunctprofessor.
ErikFridellhasbeenadjunctprofessorofmarineenvironmenttechnologyatCTHsinceDecember2008.
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CHUIVL’scooperationwithKTHisconductedwithintheframeworkofthejointCentreforSustainableDevelopment(CHU),whichisaplatformforinitiatingcooperationratherthanaphysicalfacility.Thecentrere-ceivedannualfundingofSEK2millioneachfromIVLandKTH,initiallyuntil30June2009.Activitiesareconductedinthreeprofileareas–Sustainable building, Resource-efficient production and products,andWater.Intheseareas,atotalof16preliminarystudieswasinitiatedorcompletedbytheendof2009,inadditiontostudiesundertakentoinitiatejointactivitiesinChinaandIndia.Adecisioninprinciplehasbeentakentocontinuetheactivityfrom2010on,withastrongerfocusontheHammarbySjöstadsverkproject,efficientcoproductionofenergygoodslinkedtoutilisation,andsustainableurbandevelop-ment.Astrongerrelationshipwithbasiceducationisplanned,mainlywiththenewgraduateengineeringprogrammefocusingonenergyandtheenvironment.
Hammarby SjöstadsverkOwnedjointlybyIVLandKTHwithintheframeworkoftheCentreforSustainableDevelopment (CHU), theHammarbySjöstadsverkresearchfacilityisanationalresourceforthedevelopmentofwaste-watertreatmenttechnology,andwillacquireaninternationalprofileinthecourseoftime.ThefacilityisusedbothbyIVLandKTHfortheirownresearch,andbyoutsidestakeholdersfortestingnewtreatmenttechnologiesoneffluentsofvarioustypes.Duringtheyear,IVLcon-tinuedtousethefacilitytoconductthreemajorprojectsinincreasedbiogas extraction, reduced energyutilisation and the treatment ofpharmaceuticalresidues.Duringtheyear,wealsoevaluatedanewlasertechnologyformeasuringbacteria‘online’andoptimisedenergyutilisationinpumping.Fifteenwastewatertreatmentcompaniesformaclustergroupthatisworkingtoimprovepublicandindustrialwatertreatmenttechnology.WithfundingfromtheSwedishWater&Waste-waterAssociation(SWWA)andmunicipalauthoritiesintheMälar-dalenregion,acentreforpublicwatertreatmenthasbeenestablishedinpartnershipwithKTH,UppsalaUniversity,theSwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences(SLU)andMälardalenUniversity.Thefacilityalsoattractsmanyvisitorgroups.
CPMTheCentreforEnvironmentalAssessmentofProductandMaterialSystems(CPM),whichreachedtheendofitsfifththree-yearprojectstagein2009,isoperatedbyIVLincollaborationwithCTH.Aspartofthefifthstage,IVLconductedprojectsonsustainabletransportandthedevelopmentofmethodsof‘extra-financialanalysis’,withthefo-cusonevaluatingcorporateenvironmentalimages.IVListoincreaseitsinvolvementinCPMinthesixthprojectstageduetobeginin2010.Althoughmuchoftheforthcomingactivityisstillunderplanning,thestagewasgivenaflyingstartwhenVINNOVAallocatedSEK4.7mil-lionforathree-yearprojecttodeveloptoolsforcalculatingtheenvi-ronmentalimpactandefficiencyoftransportsystems.ManagedbyIVL,theprojectwillinvolvecollaborationbetweenIVLandChalmersresearchersandmajorSwedishindustrialconcerns.
Mistra Urban FuturesIn August 2009, it was announced that the Swedish Foundationfor Strategic Environmental Research (MISTRA) had selected the‘Gothenburgconsortium’–ofwhichIVLisoneofsevenpartners–
tohostMistra Urban Futures,aninternationalcentreforsustainableurbandevelopment.InadditiontoIVL,thepartnersintheconsor-tiumincludeChalmersUniversityofTechnology(CTH),UniversityofGothenburg,CityofGothenburg,GothenburgRegionalAssociationofLocalAuthorities(GR),VästraGötalandRegion,andVästraGötalandCountyAdministrativeBoard.FinancedbyMISTRA,togetherwiththeSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(SIDA)andtheconsortiummembers,thecentre’stotalassetsareexpectedtoamounttoapproximatelySEK20millionduringthe2010-2011devel-opmentphaseandalmostSEK50millionperannumthereafter.
Fivepilotprojectswillbeundertakenduringthefirstyearofopera-tionunderthefollowingheadings:Multi-level governance for sustaina-ble urban and regional development; Building for climate change; Urban empowerment – fighting social segregation through participation and learning; Business-driven sustainable developmentandUrban games: mutual learning for sustainable urban development.
Ratio of research projects to contractsRevenue from fees during the yearwas divided between researchprojectsandcontracts intheratioof53%to47%(comparedwith46%and54%respectivelyin2008).Inthiscontext,researchprojectsareprojectsfundedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandSwedishindustrythroughtheFoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalRe-searchInstitute(SIVL),aswellasactivitiesfinancedbygrantsfrompublicresearchagencies,researchinstitutes,theEUandsimilarbod-ies.Jointly-financedactivitiesaccountedfor16%(16%)offee-basedrevenueandgrant-aidedactivitiesfor37%(29%).IVL’sresearchisanintegralpartofthecompany’soperationsandisaprerequisitetoitsfacilityforundertakingassignmentsusingleading-edgeexpertise.ContractsundertakenbyIVLincludebothshort-termconsultancyandanalyticalassignments,aswellasmorecomprehensivenationalandinternationalcontractsofaresearchanddevelopmentnature.
Current EU projectsAlargenumberofprojectsfundedbytheEUresearchframeworkpro-grammewasapprovedandinitiatedin2009,togetherwithprojectsfinancedthroughotherEUorgans,suchasEUstructuralfunds.ThelattercategoryincludesCOHIBA (Control of Hazardous Substances in the Baltic Sea region),oneofwhosepurposesistoidentifymajorsourcesofpollutionintheBalticanddevelopactionprogrammes,DiPol (Impact of Climate Change on the quality of urban and coastal waters),whichisdesignedtostudytheimpactofclimatechangeoncoastalwaters,Environmental technology for growth,toexpandtheex-portofenvironmentaltechnologyfromtheMälardalregion,andPRIN-CIP,togatheranddisseminateknowledgeofclimate-smartenergysystemsintheKattegattandSkagerack,aswellasSPIN (Sustainable production through innovation in SMEs),withtheaimofstimulatinginnovativedevelopmentbysmallandmedium-sizedcompaniesintheBalticregion.
OthermajorEU-fundedprojectsapprovedorinitiatedin2009includeAdvance ETV – European Environmental Technology Verifica-tiontodevelopasystemforverifyingenvironmentaltechnology,Arc-Risk,whichdealswithhealthhazardsassociatedwithclimatechangeintheArcticregionandEurope,CADASTER (CAse studies on the Devel-opment and Application of in-Silico Techniques for Environmental haz-ard and Risk assessment),whichdealswiththedevelopmentofriskanalysis techniquesrelatedtotheEUchemicalsdirective,REACH,
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GreenClimeAdapt (Green Tools for Urban Climate Adaptation) andRiskcycle,dealingwithsafetyandriskevaluationofchemicals.IVL’srole in theNorthPass project is towork for harmonisation andknowledgedisseminationintheareaofverylow-energyhousingintheNordiccountries.
IVLhastwomajorassignmentsforSwitch-Asia,theEuropeanaidprogramme.Thefirstofthese,Train the Trainers,isdesignedtoexpandknowledgetransferinenergy-efficientbuildingbetweentheEUandChina.Theseconddealswiththereductionoftheenvironmentalfoot-printofmajorexportsectorsinSriLanka.
Other current research programmesAttheendof2009,IVLwasassignedbytheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencytomanageCLEO (Climate Change and Environ-mental Objectives),anew,three-yearresearchprogrammetostudyhowfutureclimatechangewillinfluencethepossibilityofachievingSwedishenvironmental goals. IVLwasalready leading theSCARP (Swedish Clean Air Research Programme),andEmissions from goodsprogrammes,whicharealsofundedbytheagency,asistheSustain-ablewastemanagementprogrammethatentereditssecondphasein2009.
AFAInsuranceisfinancingseveralIVLprojectsdealingwithworkenvironmentissues.In2009,approvalwasgrantedforamajorprojecttostudymethodsofimprovingairqualityinofficebuildings.AnAFA-fundedstudyoftheroleofcorporatehealthcareinreducingsickleavewasinitiatedearlyintheyear.
IVL is leading twomajor researchprogrammes–CliporeandEntwined–financedbytheSwedishFoundationforStrategicEnvi-ronmentalResearch(MISTRA).TheaimofCliporeistopromotethedevelopmentofamoreeffectivenationalandinternationalclimatepolicy.ThepurposeofEntwined,whichwasgrantedfundingforafur-therfouryearsin2009,istostudytheinteractionbetweeninterna-tionalenvironmentalpoliciesandglobaltrade,withthefocusoncross-boundaryproblems.
Jointly-financed researchIn2009,theFoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchIn-stitute(SIVL),asownerofthecompanyandprincipalofIVL’sjointly-financedactivities,continuedtodevelopthenewformsofworkinganddecision-makingadoptedin2006.SIVLalsotookadecisiontoevaluatetheoperationonanongoingbasisandanauditoftwoofthesixthematicareaswascarriedoutduringtheyear(twoareaswereauditedpreviouslyin2008).
FundingofSEK30millionforjointly-financedresearchwasavail-abletoSIVLin2009throughtheSwedishgovernment’sgrantstotheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandtheSwedishResearchCouncilforEnvironment,AgriculturalSciencesandSpatialPlanning(Formas).Totalfundingforjointly-fundedresearchconsistsofSEK13millionfromFormas,SEK15millionfromtheSwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,SEK14.3millionfromtheSwedishbusinesssectorandSEK14.3millionfromtheEU.AdditionalfinanceofSEK2millionisprovidedbyFormasforscientificpublications.
External audit of two thematic areasAnexternalauditofIVL’sR&DactivitiesinthethematicareasofWaterandClimateandenergywascarriedoutinautumn2009.Althoughtheinspectorsweregenerallyverypositive,theyrecommendedthat
IVLshouldreinforcetheresearchemphasisby“sellingthecustomertheimportanceoftheacademic‘qualitymark’and,withit,greatercredibility”,andalsoincreasingthelevelofscientificpublication.ThismeansthatIVLmustsecurebasicfundingforlong-termcompetencedevelopment.
Examples of jointly-financed research projectsSomeofthejointly-financedresearchprojectsapprovedand/orcom-mencedin2009arelistedbelow:Determination of emission factors and dispersion calculations of equine al-lergies, Calculation tools for climate and environmental effects of personal travel, Development of methods to reduce the environmental impact of metal machining operations, Thermal characterisation of nanoparticles from marine engines, Environmental handbook for fuels, Evaluation of different methods of cleaning mould damage, LCA for infrastructures – development of computer models for environmental, energy and resource evaluation of rail and road infrastructures, LCA of creosote-impregnated posts and alternative materials, Environment in churches – development of energy-efficient systems preventing the occurrence of the mould damage presently being observed in church buildings and their inventories, Devel-opment of a web site offering education on a good working environment for welding, Web-based information on the correct use of breathing protection equipment.
Business climate and future developmentGlobal issues – climate and the financial crisisTheyear2009wasnotablemainlyfortheglobalfinancialcrisisandclimateissues.Oncetheglobalfinancialcrisishasreceded,Swed-ishbusinessshouldoncemorebeinapositiontocommitfurtherinvestmenttoresearchanddevelopment,toholditsgroundandexpandintoughinternationalcompetition.Inthiscontext,IVL,withitsplatformofenvironmental,energyandclimate-relatedresearch,andwithitsexperienceofexportingenvironmentaltechnologyandcollaboratingwithlargecompaniesandSMEsalike,isparticularlywellequippedtomeettheseneeds.
In IVL’s view, companieswill, to a greater extent than before,requireassistanceinimprovingtheirutilisationofresourcestoreduceboth their rawmaterial andenergycosts, and thecostofmanag-ingspillageandwaste.Itisalsoclearthatknowledgeandtechnol-ogytransfer,includingtheexportofenvironmentaltechnologytothedevelopingnations,willbeofgrowingimportance.
ClimatewasoneoftheSwedishgovernment’smainissuesduringSweden’sEUpresidency.ThefactthattheCOP15climatenegotiationsinCopenhageninDecember2009failedtoproduceabindingclimatecontrolagreementislikelytoresultinamajordemandforthetypeofpolicysupportofferedbyIVL.
IVLalsodiffersfromotherplayersintheclimateareainitsclearfocusonapplicationsthatyieldresults.Whenallissaidanddoneintheclimatedebate,moreisusuallysaidthandone!IVLgoesastepfurtherby linkingpolicyactivitiesandawarenesspromotionwithconcreteactionandrobusttechnology.
Basic funding for certain institutes only?Today,IVLandotherresearchinstitutesareplayingadecisiveroleinin-creasingthecompetitivenessofSwedishindustry,andmakingrealuseoftheresearchconductedbytheuniversitiesandotherthird-levelinstitutes.
IVL’sjointownershipbygovernmentandbusinesshashelpedtomakeitatrustedpartnerofboth.Itsownershipstructureand
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organisationarealsorecognisedbytheResearchandInnovationActpassedbytheSwedishparliamenton28January2009,inwhichthegovernmentaffirmsthattheownershipstructureissuitableforitspur-poseandshouldnotbemodifiedifthisshouldbedisadvantageoustothecompany’sactivities.
IVL’sownershipstructurewasalsocontributorytothecontinuedhighprofitabilitythatthecompanyenjoyedin2009atatimeofeco-nomicrecession,anddespitethefactthat,unlikeotherinstitutes,itwasnotabeneficiaryofanybasicassistanceintheformofstrategiccompetencedevelopmentfunding.In2009,theinstitutesassociatedwithRISE,thenewnationalholdingcompany,wereallocatedapproxi-matelySEK350milliontoenablethemtomaintainanddevelopthecompetenciestheyrequiretosupportSwedishindustry.
IVLisnotamongtheinstitutesthatbenefitfromthisfunding,asituationthatwefindinequitable.Weseeaneedforthesametypeofbasicfundingasthatenjoyedbyotherinstitutestoenableusalsotomaintainourlong-termcapacitytoremainattheforefrontofenviron-mentalresearch,therebycontributingtothedevelopmentandcom-petitivenessofSwedishindustry.
Discussionswiththeministryinquestionandwiththemanage-mentofRISEwillcontinuein2010withaviewtosecuringavalueofferspecifyingthebasicfundingthatIVLwillreceive,howitsroleasSwe-den’sleadingenvironmentalresearchinstitutewillbestrengthenedintheeventofclosercollaborationwithRISE,andthebenefitsofcol-laborationthatmayberealisedinadditiontothosealreadyenjoyedbyinstitutesintheRISEsphere.
IVLwillcontinuetofunctionasanaturalandneutralcommuni-cationslinkandmeetingplacewhereacademic,businessandpublicstakeholderscanparticipateinappliedenvironmentalresearchanddiscussnewsolutions.Thepan-industrialscopeofouractivitiespro-videsuswithaholisticviewthatfew,ifany,otherresearchinstitutescanachieve.Institutions,suchasIVL,thatworkinclosecooperationwithindustryactasabridgebetweentheacademicworldandthepracticalworldofbusiness.Toenableustofulfilthisrole,itisimportantthatbasicfundingbeallocatedontheprinciplethattheentireresearchsec-torisincluded,andthatnoinstituteisexcludedonspuriousgrounds.
Environmental and quality managementIVLdealswithenvironmentalandqualityissueswithintheframeworkofanintegratedmanagementsystem.Thesystem,anditsapplica-tionbyIVL,arecertifiedunderISOenvironmentalandqualityman-agementstandards.Certificationisreviewedannuallyandthesystemisre-certifiedperiodicallybyanaccreditedinspectionagency.IVLhasachieved the latest levels, SS-EN ISO 14001:2004 (environmentalmanagement)andSS-ENISO9001:2008(qualitymanagement).
Mostofthecompany’sworkrelatingtosampling,fieldmeasure-mentandanalysisisaccreditedandinspectedregularlybySWEDAC(thenationalSwedishaccreditationauthority)inaccordancewithSS-ENISO/IEC17025.
Environmentalandqualityactivitiesaregovernedby thecom-pany’senvironmentalandqualitypolicies,whichareimplementedintheformofbothoverallandspecificgoals.Customeradvisoryserv-icesandcompanytravelarebyfarthemostsignificantcontributorstoIVL’senvironmentalfootprint.Anewmethodofevaluatingtheenvi-ronmentalimpactofmajorassignments(worthoverSEK500,000)wasdevelopedin2009andconcreteresultsareexpectedintheyearsahead.Thecompany’s videoconferencingequipment continues to
increasethenumberofmeetingsanddiscussionsthatareheldwith-outtravel,whilethenumberofinternationalvideomeetingsisgrowingsuccessively.Comparedwith2008,theenvironmentalfootprintofthecompany’sairtravelhasbeenreducedby9%,whilerailjourneysnowaccountforagrowingproportion(up4%)ofdomestictravel.Domes-ticairtravelwhererailisanalternativeisdown60%.
IVL’squalityactivitiesarefocusedoncustomerrelations.Forthisreason,activitiesaremonitoredcontinuouslytoensurethatcustom-ersaresatisfiedwiththecompany’swork.Asurveyisheldannuallytodeterminecustomers’perceptionsofIVLintermsoffactorssuchascustomercare,competence,on-timeperformance,andcostbenefit.Thecustomersatisfactionindexin2009was4.2(2008:4.0).
Greener IT with more efficient server systemsVirtualisationofIVL’sserverenvironmentwascommencedin2009asamovetoimprovesystemreliability.Virtualisationpermitsanumberof physical server computers to bedecommissionedpermanentlywithoutceasingtobeanetworkresource.Virtualserverssharetechni-calresourceswhileactingasindividualservercomputerswithdiffer-entsoftwaresupportandnetworkfunctions.Fewerphysicalcomput-ersnotonlylowermaintenancecosts,butalsoreduceoverallenergyutilisation,notleastintermsofserverroomenergydemand.
TheintroductionofvirtualisationinIVL’sGothenburgofficeyield-edanannualenergysavingof57,000kWhin2009.Furthersavingsmaybeexpectedwhenthisisimplementedinthecompany’sStock-holmofficein2010.
Ingeneral,IVLseekstominimisetheenvironmentalimpactofallofitsactivitieswithoutcompromisingfunctionorreliability.ThisalsoappliestoIT,inwhichmeasuresotherthanvirtualisationincludeenvi-ronmentallycompatiblepackagingprocessingandsorting,impactingsuppliers/productswhenpurchasingand,bycarryingoutperiodicalsupplierassessments,providinggreateropportunitiesformeetingswithouttravelwiththeaidofmodernvideosystemsandflexiblework-ingthroughremote-controlledlinks.
Net sales, net income and capital structureGroupTheGroup’snetsalesfortheaccountingyeartotalledSEK204,452(2008:196,261)thousand,yieldinganetprofitafterfinancialitemsofSEK5,401(6,183)thousand.ThenetprofitaftertaxeswasSEK3,764(4,185)thousand.Thereturnonadjustedequitywas8.1(10.2)%andthereturnoncapitalemployed3.9(5.1)%.
TheGroup’stotalassetsincreasedtoSEK143,125(137,168)thou-sandanditstotalequitycapitaltoSEK50,079(46,020)thousand.CashflowwaspositiveatSEK23,510(28,336)thousand.
CapitalinvestmentininventoriesandequipmenttotalledSEK5,603(1,961)thousand.Theequity/assetsratioincreasedto35.0(33.6)%.
Parent companyIVL’snetsalesfortheaccountingyeartotalledSEK203,939(195,483)thousand,yieldinganetprofitafterfinancialitemsofSEK1,706(6,253)thousand.ThenetprofitaftertaxeswasSEK389(2,034)thousand.
TotalassetsamountedtoSEK143,004(136,638)thousandandtotalequitycapitaltoSEK30,517(30,128)thousand.AdjustedequitycapitalwascalculatedatSEK37,576(36,321)thousand.CashflowwasSEK24,131(28,087)thousand.Thereturnonadjustedequitywas3.4(13.2)%andthereturnoncapitalemployed1.3(6.0)%.
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directors’ report
Capital investment in inventories and equipment totalled SEK5,595(1,947)thousand.Theadjustedequity/assetsratiofellto26.3(26.6)%.
Parent company employeesStructure and personnel turnoverDuringtheyear,thenumberofemployeesaveraged171(164),ofwhom51(52)%weremenand49(48)%women.Oftheworkforce,27(28)%holdpostgraduatedegrees,while63(64)%holdmastersdegreesinengineeringorotheracademicqualifications.
Duringtheyear,11(12)permanentemployeesleftthecompanyforotherpositions,while7(2)employeesretiredonpension.Newrecruit-menttotalled14personsinareasincludinganalysis,indoorenviron-ment,emissions,communication,andadministration.
Policy review Duringtheyear,thecompanyundertookareviewofitsinternalpoli-cies,withthefocusonareasofimportancetotheemployees,includ-ingworkinghoursandfreetime,equalityandfairtreatment,workingenvironment,salaries,travel,recruitment,andcompetencedevelop-ment.Theworkwillcontinuein2010withthedevelopmentofimple-mentationproceduresandtools.
Competence developmentTheareaofcompetencedevelopmentwasincludedinthepolicyre-viewandthenewpolicyreflectsthe‘70-20-10model’,inwhich70%ofprofessionaldevelopmentshouldtaketheformofon-the-jobtraining,20%ofnetworkingandfeedback,andtheremaining10%offormaltrainingactivities.Adevelopmenttargetoftwodaysperemployeeperyear,withayearlyreview,wasestablished.
Chargeability rateThechargeabilityratefortheperiodwas67.7(65.0)%.Chargeabilityrateisdefinedastheproportionoftotalattendancetimeinvoicedtothecustomer.Theremaining(in-house)timeisdevotedtomarketing,training,technicalmaintenance,management,andadministration.
Absences and holidaysDuringtheyear,totalabsences,includingholidays,accountedfor21.7(21.5)%ofnormalworkingtime.Sickleaveaccountedfor2.0(2.9)%andholidaytimefor9.3(9.2)%.Leaveofabsenceaccountedfor7.5(7.3)%,ofwhich6.6(6.3)%wasparental leave.Normalworkingtimeisdefinedasworkingtimeincludingholidaytimeandovertimeworked,lessabsencesduetosickleave,sicknessofachild,parentalleaveorotherleaveofabsence,aswellascompensatoryleave.Thesamebasisisusedtocalculatetheaveragenumberofpaid-upyearsinNote5Personnelcosts.
Special report on sick leave for period 1 January – 31 December 2009Under theSwedishAnnualAccountsAct, annual reports arenowrequiredtocontaininformationonemployeesickleave.Thefiguresmustbestatedasapercentageoftheemployees’totalnormalworkingtime,andmustalsoincludedetailsofcontinuoussickleavetotalling60daysormore(definedaslong-termsickleave),figuresformenandwomen,andsickleaveindifferentagegroups.Inthefollowingsummary,sickleaveisshownasapercentageofnormalworkingtime,lessleaveofabsenceandparentalleave.Themethodofcalculationis,therefore,differenttothatusedaboveforabsencesandholidays.
Total sick leaveas percentage of normal working
time
Long-term sick leave
as percentage of normal working
timeGroup 2009 2008 2009 2008
All employees 2.1 3.0 0.3 1.4
Women 2.2 3.8 0.4 2.0
Men 2.1 2.1 0.1 0.8
29 years or younger 2 2.4 0 0
30–49 years 2.4 2.6 0.3 0.9
50 years or older 1.7 3.8 0.3 2.5
Other personnel information
Personnel turnover, % 2009 2008
Number of employees to resign as percentage of average work-force for year 6.4 7.3
– including pension 10.5 8.5
Age distribution, % 2009 2008
Age
20–29 11 12
30–39 35 34
40–49 24 22
50–59 18 18
60–69 12 14
Average age: 43 (43) years
Key financial indicators per employee (figures in SEK thousand) 2009 2008
Sales, excl. expenses 1,168 1,128
Salaries 622 612
Net profit/loss after financial items 10 38
Length of service, % 2009 2008
Length of service, years
–2 27 24
2–10 38 40
> 10 35 36
Average length of service: 11 (12) years
Qualifications, % 2009 2008
PhD 22 23
Other research qualification 5 5
Graduate engineer 28 31
Other academic qualification 35 33
Technical high school qualification 10 8
24
ivl annual report 2009
summary of business and financial ratios
Group Parent company
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
Sales and profit/loss
Invoiced fees and expenses 204,542 196,261 162,561 175,170 197,151 203,939 195,483 162,347 175,071 196,918
Operating profit after depreciation 5,338 5,539 1,292 572 3,339 1,496 5,623 1,123 –1,105 –1,334
Operating profit after financial items 5,401 6,183 2,217 870 3,473 1,706 6,253 2,047 –808 –1,203
Profit margin 2.6 3.2 1.4 0.5 1.8 0.8 3.2 1.3 neg neg
Capital structure
Fixed assets 16,636 16,936 15,149 15,008 15,857 17,225 17,514 15,732 15,519 16,343
Current assets 126,489 120,232 83,016 85,332 78,592 125,779 119,124 82,539 85,015 78,236
Equity 50,079 46,020 41,684 40,197 39,856 30,517 30,128 28,094 26,401 26,247
Untaxed reserves 9,578 8,602 5,556 6,032 7,355
Current liabilities 84,204 82,181 51,128 54,703 49,250 101,031 95,035 64,621 68,101 60,977
Provisions 8,842 8,967 5,353 5,440 5,343 1,878 2,873 – – –
Total assets 143,125 137,168 98,165 100,340 94,449 143,004 136,638 98,271 100,534 94,579
Adjusted equity 37,576 36,321 32,094 30,744 31,543
Equity, annual funds 48,050 43,852 40,941 40,027 38,489 36,949 34,208 31,419 31,143 31,898
Capital employed, annual funds 140,147 117,667 99,253 97,395 86,905 139,821 117,455 99,403 97,557 87,137
Equity/assets ratio, % 35 33.6 42.5 40.1 42.2 26.3 26.6 32.7 30.6 33.4
Current ratio 1.5 1.46 1.62 1.56 1.6 1.24 1.25 1.28 1.25 1.28
Profitability
Return on adjusted equity, % 8.1 10.2 3.9 1.6 6.5 3.4 13.2 4.7 neg neg
Return on capital employed, % 3.9 5.1 2.3 1.1 3.8 1.3 6 2.1 neg neg
Other
Capital expenditure 5,603 1,961 3,671 3,538 8,545 5,595 1,947 3,671 3,538 8,545
Invoiced sales per employee, incl. expenses 1,175 1,182 1,022 1,062 1,248 1,193 1,192 1,028 1,068 1,254
Invoiced sales per employee, fees and analyses 1,151 1,119 944 915 976 1,168 1,128 948 919 981
Chargeability rate, % 67.7 65 64.6 65.8 67 67.7 65 64.6 65.8 67
Number of employees 174 166 159 165 158 171 164 158 164 157
Personnel costs per employee 611 606 587 546 533 622 612 592 549 536
Summary of business and financial ratios (figures in SEK thousand)
Adjusted equityTotal equity, plus untaxed reserves, less deduction of standard tax at 26.3 (28) %.
Equity/assets ratioAdjusted equity in relation to balance sheet total.
Chargeability rateTime charged to client as a proportion of total work attendance.
Number of employeesThe number of employees for the year expressed in terms of full-time positions. The actual number of employees is higher due to part-time working and the fact that some employees work only part of the year.
Current ratioCurrent assets divided by current liabilities.
Profit marginNet profit after financial items as a percentage of net sales.
DebiteringsgradMot kund debiterad tid i förhållande till total närvarotid.
Return on equityProfit after net financial items and deduction of standard tax at 26.3 (28) % in relation to average adjusted equity.
25
ivl annual report 2009
proposed appropriation of profits
ThefollowingfundsareavailabletotheAnnualGeneralMeeting: Profit carried forward 21,728,376
Profit for year 388,885
Total 22,117,261
TheboardandCEOproposethatthetotalprofitbedistributedasfollows: To be carried forward 22,117,261 Total 22,117,261
Seetheincomestatement,balancesheet,cashflowstatement,andnotestothefinancialstatementsandaccountsforinformationontheprofitreportedbythecompanyandtheGroupforthefinancialyear,aswellasthegeneralfinancialpositionasof31December2009.AllfiguresareinSEKthousand.
Proposed appropriation of profits (figures in SEK)
26
ivl annual report 2009
income statement
Income statement(figures in SEK thousand)
Group Parent company
2009 2008 2009 2008
Operating incomeNet sales Note 1 204,452 196,261 203,939 195,483
Change in work in progress Note 2 –5,190 –8,009 –8,926 –7,597
Other operating income Note 3 226 1 814 222 1 856
199,488 190,066 195,235 189,742
Operating expensesExpenses –38,086 –32,542 –38,086 –32,543
Other external expenses Note 4 –42,040 –38,931 –41,780 –38,664
Personnel costs Note 5 –109,248 –108,811 –109,112 –108,681
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets Note 6, 10 –4,114 –3,848 –4,099 –3,836
Depreciation of intangible fixed assets Note 6, 11 –662 –395 –662 –395
194,150 –184,527 –193,739 –184,119
Operating profit 5,338 5,539 1,496 5,623
Earnings from financial investmentsInterest income Note 7 219 1 487 212 1 472
Dividends from group companies 148 –
Interest expenses –156 –843 –150 –842
Profit after financial items 5,401 6,183 1,706 6,253
Appropriations Note 8 –975 –3,046
Tax on profit for year Note 9 –1,637 –1,998 –342 –1,173
NET PROFIT 3,764 4,185 389 2,034
27
ivl annual report 2009
balance sheet
Balance sheet (figures in SEK thousand)
Group Parent company
2009 2008 2009 2008
Fixed assetsIntangible fixed assets Note 10 2,004 2,666 2,004 2,666
Tangible fixed assets Note 11 13,793 12,308 13,741 12,245
Financial assets Note 12 839 1,962 1,480 2,603
Total fixed assets 16,636 16,936 17,225 17,514
Current assetsCurrent receivablesAccounts receivable, trade 32,816 53,280 32,748 53,265
Receivables from group companies 14,772 14,382 14,819 14,382
Income taxes recoverable 2,964 809 2,968 773
Other receivables 1,407 1,579 1,374 1,506
Prepaid expenses and accrued income Note 13 4,870 4,330 4,870 4,330
Total current receivables 56,829 74,380 56,779 74,256
Cash and bank balances 69,660 45,852 69,000 44,868
Total current assets 126,489 120,232 125,779 119,124
TOTAL ASSETS 143,125 137,168 143,004 136,638
Equity and liabilitiesEquity Note 14
Restricted equity
Share capital (7,000 shares) 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
Restricted reserves 20,921 17,078 1,400 1,400
Total restricted equity 27,921 24,078 8,400 8,400
Non-restricted equity
Non-restricted reserves 18,394 17,757 21,728 19,694
Profit for year 3,764 4,185 389 2,034
Total non-restricted equity 22,158 21,942 22,117 21,728
TOTAL EQUITY 50,079 46,020 30,517 30,128
Provisions Note 15 8,842 8,967 1,878 2,873
Untaxed reserves Note 8 9,578 8,602
Current liabilitiesAdvance payments for work in progress Note 2 49,636 38,195 66,519 51,342
Accounts payable, trade 10,271 13,651 10,273 13,446
Other liabilities 15,025 16,876 15,025 16,876
Accrued expenses and deferred income Note 16 9,272 13,459 9,214 13,371
Total current liabilities 84,204 82,181 101,031 95,035
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 143,125 137,168 143,004 136,638
MEMORANDUM ITEMS
Pledged assets Note 17 6,991 8,084 6,991 8,084
28
ivl annual report 2009
cash flow statement
Cash flow statement(figures in SEK thousand)
Group Parent company
2009 2008 2009 2008
Operating activitiesProfit after financial items 5,401 6,183 1,706 6,253
Adjustment for non-cash items –75 11,315 –931 10,478
Income tax paid –3,792 –2,172 –2,537 –1,346
Cash flow from operating activities before changes in working capital 1,534 15,326 –1,762 15,385
Cash flow from changes in working capitalIncrease/decrease in receivables 20,246 –7,974 20,212 –7,708
Increase/decrease in accounts payable, trade –3,380 1,352 –3,173 1,177
Increase/decrease in other liabilities –1,851 5,504 –1,851 5,504
Increase/decrease in advance payments for work in progress 11,441 20,155 15,177 19,743
Cash flow from operating activities 27,990 34,363 28,603 34,101
Investment activitiesPurchase of property, plant and equipment –5,603 –1,961 –5,595 –1,947
Purchase of intangible fixed assets – –2,149 – –2,150
Change in financial assets 1,123 –1,917 1,123 –1,917
Cash flow from investment activities –4,480 –6,027 –4,472 –6,014
Financing activities
Cash flow from financing activities – – – –
Cash flow for year 23,510 28,336 24,131 28,087
Opening cash and bank balances 45,852 17,401 44,868 16,781
Exchange rate difference in cash and cash equivalents 298 115 1 –
Closing cash and bank balances 69,660 45,852 69,000 44,868
29
ivl annual report 2009
comments and notes to the accounts
Comments and notes to the accountsParent company and ownership structureIVLisawholly-ownedsubsidiaryoftheFoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitute(SIVL),corporateidentitynumber802006-2611,whoseheadofficeislocatedinStockholm.Onconver-sionoftheformerSwedishInstituteforWaterandAirPollutionRe-search(IVL)intoalimitedcompanyin1982,theoriginalsharecapitalwasallocatedinequalproportionstothefoundationbyagreementbe-tweentheSwedishgovernmentandtheSwedishbusinesssector.Theaimofthefoundationistopromotethelong-termconditionsrequiredforenvironmentalresearchand,throughitsownership,guaranteetheindependentstatusofIVL.ThefoundationisresponsibleforthefundsallocatedjointlybytheSwedishgovernmentandtheSwedishbusinesssectorforenvironmentalresearchcarriedoutbyIVL.Thefoundationismanagedbyaboardofdirectors,halfofwhosemembersareap-pointedbytheSwedishgovernmentandhalfbySwedishbusiness.Thechairmanoftheboardisappointedbythegovernment.
FinancingThecompany’soperationsarefinancedbycurrentcashflowandbyanunusedbankoverdraftfacilityofSEK5million.
Current tax caseIVLhasbeencontestingavalue-addedtaxissuewiththeSwedishNationalTaxBoard(SKV)since2004.ThecasehasbeenheardbytheCountyAdministrativeCourtinStockholmand,followinganappealbyIVL,bytheAdministrativeCourtofAppeal,whichissueditsrulingon15January2009.BothcourtsfoundinfavouroftheSKVcase,whichisthatIVLisnotentitledtorecoverVATpaidoncostscharge-abletogrant-aidedactivities.
IntheviewofIVL, it ishighly importantthattheAdministra-tive Court of Appeal should issue clarification of its judgement.UnliketheTaxBoard,thecompanymaintainsthatthereshallbenorestrictionontherecoveryofVATonexpenditurefinancedbytaxablegrants.InApril2009,IVLsoughtleavetoappealfromtheAdminis-trativeCourtofAppealandthiswasgrantedinajudgementissuedon15December2009.ThefinalverdictoftheAdministrativeCourtofAppealmaybeexpectedin2010unlessthecaseisreferredtotheEuropeanCourtofJustice,inwhichcaseafinaljudgementmaynotbeexpectedbefore2011attheearliest.
IntheeventthattheSKVcaseisupheldfollowingjudicialreview,thepositionwouldbethefollowing:Inpurelygeneralterms,thepay-mentoftaxableprojectgrantsofspecificamountstoIVLbypublicagenciesorthebusinesssectorwouldhaveacumulativeimpactonearningssinceIVLwouldbeunabletorecoverthevalue-addedtaxpaidontheassociatedcosts.IntermsoftheannualcosttoIVL,thesumsinvolvedwouldbeconsiderable.Fortheyears2004to2008,thetotalcostisestimatedtobeapproximatelySEK13million.Thecompanysetasideandbookedthereliefsoughtasanexpenseinitsaccountsfor2008,whilethe2009accountshavebeenadjustedtoallowfortheSKVposition.ThismeansthatatotalofSEK2,706thou-sandhasbeenbookedasanon-recoverableVATexpense.
Accounting principlesAccounting and valuation principlesTheaccountscomplywiththeprovisionsoftheSwedishAnnualAc-countsAct,thegeneralrulesoftheSwedishAccountingStandardsBoardandtheapplicablerecommendationsoftheSwedishFinan-cialAccountingStandardsCouncil.Theaccountingprinciplesareunchangedfromthepreviousyear.
Consolidated accountsTheconsolidatedaccountshavebeenpreparedinaccordancewithRecommendationRR14,JointVentures,oftheSwedishFinancialAccounting Standards Council. Consolidation of the associatedcompany,Sino-Swedish(Tianjin)EnvironmentalTechnologyDevel-opmentCo.Ltd.,andofBASTAonlineAB,inwhichIVLhasa60%holding,hasbeencarriedoutusingtheproportionalmethod.
The annual accounts of the associated company have beenconvertedusingthecurrentmethod,whichmeansthatthebalancesheetassetsandliabilitieshavebeenconvertedatclosingdayrates.Theincomestatementhasbeenconvertedattheaverageratefortheyear.Conversiondifferencesdonotaffecttheconsolidatedaccounts,butareallocateddirectlytoequity.
Theuntaxedreservesshown in theconsolidatedaccountsaredivided into restricted equity, equivalent to 73.7% of the Group’suntaxed reserves, anddeferred tax liability, equivalent to 26.3%ofuntaxedreserves.Intheconsolidatedaccounts,thetaxreservecom-ponent of uninvoiced research and consultancy assignments hasbeenallocatedinsimilarmannertoequityanddeferredtax(inaccord-ancewiththeaccountingprincipledescribedunder‘Workinprogress’below).
Associated companiesAssociatedcompanyshareholdingsarenotreportedintheconsolidatedaccountsinviewoftheirrelativelymodestlevels(alsoseeNote12).
Work in progress, parent companyWorkinprogressisdefinedasuninvoicedresearchandconsultancyservicescarriedoutonacurrent-accountorafixed-pricebasis.
UnderSwedishtaxationlaw,fixed-pricecontractsshallbevaluedattheloweroftheaccrueddirectandindirectcosts,lessanyadvancepaymentsreceivedfromclients,providingscopeforthecreationofareserveinrespectofworkinprogress.
Fixed-priceworkinprogressisvaluedattheloweroftheproduc-tioncostandinvoicingvalue.Theproductioncosthasbeencalculat-edusingaprudentvaluation;inotherwords,applyingavalueabovethelowestpermissiblefiscalvalueandbelowthehighestvalue,inaccordancewithgoodaccountingpractice.
Work inprogressonacurrent-accountbasis isvaluedat theinvoicingvalue.
Ingrant-aidedprojectsinwhichIVLisacontractpartneroftheresearchfinancieranddisbursesprojectfundstootherprojectpar-ticipants,thefundsinquestionarenotreportedasturnover,butarerecordeddirectlyunderthebalancesheetitemof‘Advancepaymentsforworkinprogress’.Thismeansthatthefundsreceivedandthendisbursedtopartnersarereducedbyanamountcorrespondingtoinvoicingandoutlaycosts.
30
ivl annual report 2009
comments and notes to the accounts
NotesNote 1 net sales , sek thousand
Group Parent company
2009 2008 2009 2008
Net sales are divided into:Invoiced fees and analyses 200,255 185,753 199,742 184,975
Invoiced expenses 4,197 10,508 4,197 10,508
Total net sales 204,452 196,261 203,939 195,483
Ofthenetsalesfortheyear,20.32(18.56)%consistsofamountsinvoicedtotheparentcompanyasremunerationforjointly-financedresearchper-formedbythecompanyonacontractbasis.
Note 2 advance payments for work in progress , sek thousand
Group Parent company
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec2 008
Assignment costs 487,861 432,852 470,978 419,705
Invoiced in advance –537,497 –471,047 –537,497 –471,047
Book value 49,636 38,195 66,519 51,342
Change reported in income statement 5,190 8,009 8,926 7,597
Change reported in balance statement 6,251 12,146 6,251 12,146
Total change for year 11,441 20,155 15,177 19,743
Note 3 other operating income, sek thousand
Group Parent company
2009 2008 2009 2008
Currency changes, net – 1,354 – 1,396
Other 226 460 222 460
Total other income 226 1,814 222 1,856
Note 4 other external costs (sek thousand) group and parent company
TheitemincludesauditfeesofSEK216(220)thousandpaidtothecom-pany’sauditorandSEK0(3)thousandtootherGroupauditors.
Charges for financial leasing agreements in 2009 amounted toSEK15,322(14,288) thousand.Thechargesshown includerentalcon-tractsforpremises,companycars,computersandcertainofficeequip-ment.Leasingchargesfortheseagreementsinfutureyearsareallocatedasfollows:
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Leasing charges, other 2,392 1,499
Premises 12,481 12,481 12,481 12,481 10,400
Total 14,873 13,980 12,481 12,481 10,400
Note 5 personnel costs
Salariesandotherremuneration(SEKthousand)
Parent company 2009 2008
Salaries and other remu-
neration
Payroll overheads (of
which pen-sion costs)
Salaries and other remu-
neration
Payroll overheads (of
which pen-sion costs)
Board and CEO 2,044 1,280 1,804 1,359
(604) (711)
Other employees 70,387 33,549 66,465 36,285
(9,199) (11,787)
Total 72,431 34,829 68,269 37,644
of which pension provision for former CEO _ (2,873)
GroupThegroupalsopaysthesalariesoftheCEOofthejoint-venturecompany,amountingtoSEK97(75)thousand,andotherpermanentemployeesamountingtoSEK39(56)thousand.
Theaveragenumberofemployees1)fortheyearwasasfollows:
Parent company 2009 2008Men Women Total Men Women Total
Stockholm 57 41 98 58 37 95
Gothenburg 29 44 73 28 41 69
Total 86 85 171 86 78 164
1) defined as full-time, salaried employees
Numberofemployeesincompanymanagementgroup(ofwhichexecutivemanagement):
2009 2008
Men 11 (6) 11 (6)
Women 6 (0) 6 (0)
31
ivl annual report 2009
comments and notes to the accounts
GroupTheGrouphas2(2)additionalemployees,includingonemaninanex-ecutivemanagementposition.
ManagementParent companyInaccordancewiththedecisionofAnnualGeneralMeeting,atotalofSEK357(330)thousandwaspaidinfeestomembersoftheboard.Ofthisamount,thechairmanoftheboardreceivedSEK55(55)thousand.
ThepositionofCEOoftheparentcompanyissubjecttoaperiodofnoticeof12monthsbythecompany,aswellasaseverancepaymentequiv-alentto12timestheincumbent’sfixedmonthlysalary.ShouldthepositionorresponsibilitiesoftheCEObealteredasaresultofsignificantchangesinthecompany’soperations,orbyachangeinownershipstructureaffectingthemajorityofcompanyshares,theCEOshallbeentitledtoresignsubjecttonoticeofsixmonthsandtoreceiveaseverancepaymentequivalentto18timeshisorherfixedmonthlysalary.
TheCEOshallbeentitledtoapensionfromtheageof62.TheCEO’spensionisofthedefinedcontributiontypeandanamountequivalentto35%ofsalaryfortheyearinquestion,includingthebenefitofacompanycar,isallocatedannuallyforthispurpose.Ifthepensionistakenafterage62,old-agepensioncontributionsshallbepaidinfullasthoughtheCEOhadcontinuedtoworkuntilage65.
GroupTheCEOofthejointventurecompanyisemployedonafull-timebasisforoneyearfrom1April2009.Thepositionisnotpensionable.
Note 6 depreciation of tangible and intangible fixed assets
Group and Parent companyDepreciationaccordingtoplanoffixturesandequipmentisappliedan-nuallyatarateof10%to20%oftheacquisitionvalue,fromthedateofacquisitionbytheparentcompanyduringtheyear.
Depreciationaccordingtoplanoffixturesandequipmentisappliedonthebasisoftheremainingeconomiclifeoftheasset,inaccordancewithavaluationdevelopedfortheinternationaljointventure.
Depreciationaccordingtoplanofcapitalisedexpenditureforsoft-waredevelopmentisappliedannuallyatarateof20%to33.3%oftheacquisitionvalue,fromthedateofcompletionduringtheyear.
Depreciationofbusinessgoodwillisappliedat20%oftheacquisi-tionvalue.Theneedfordepreciationisassessedonthebasisofthecur-rentvalueoffuturesurpluses.
Note 7 interest income and expenses
TheitemincludesbankinterestincomeofSEK203(387)thousand.SEK28(142)thousandoftheinterestexpensesoftheparentcompanyrelatestoGroupcompanies.
Note 8 appropriations and untaxed reserves (sek thousand)
Parent company
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
Opening untaxed reserves 8,603 5,557
Accumulated depreciation above plan 560 779
Change in tax allocation reserve 415 2,267
Total appropriations 975 3,046
Closing untaxed reserves of which deferred tax at 26.3 (28) % 2,519 2,409
Note 9 tax on profit for year (sek thousand)
Group Parent company
2009 2008 2009 2008
Estimate of effective tax rateProfit before tax 5,401 6,183 731 3,207
Tax at current tax rate of 26.3 (28) % 1,420 1,731 192 898
Non-taxable income –2 –24 –41 –24
Non-deductible expenses 189 1,034 189 1,034
Tax from previous year – –735 2 –735
Current tax expenses, international 54 71 – –
Deferred tax –24 –79 – –
Effective tax 1,637 1,998 342 1,173
Effective tax rate, % 30.00% 32.30% 47.00% 36.60%
Note 10 intangible fixed assets (sek thousand)
Development costs Goodwill
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
Opening acquisition value 1,277 927 1,800 –
Acquisitions for year – 350 – 1,800
Closing accumulated acquisition value 1,277 1,277 1,800 1,800
Opening depreciation –201 –16 –210
Depreciation for year –302 –185 –360 –210
Closing accumulated depreciation –503 –201 –570 –210
Closing residual value according to plan 774 1,076 1,230 1,590
32
ivl annual report 2009
comments and notes to the accounts
Note 11 fixtures and equipment (sek thousand)
Group Parent company
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
Opening acquisition value 73,587 71,597 73,399 71,453
Purchases for year 5,603 1,961 5,595 1,947
Exchange rate differential/scrapped equipment –14 29 – –1
Closing accumulated acquisition value Opening depreciation 79,176 73,587 78,994 73,399
Closing accumulated acquisition value –61,279 –57,404 –61,154 –57,318
Exchange rate differential/scrapped equipment 10 –38 – –
Depreciation for year –4,114 –3,837 –4,099 –3,836
Closing accumulated depreciation –65,383 –61,279 –65,253 –61,154
Closing residual value 13,793 12,308 13,741 12,245
Note 12 financial assets (sek thousand)
Shares and holdings
Group
Parent
company
Company Number Holding, % Booked Nominal Booked
Holding in IVL Swed-ish Environmental Research Institute foundation for staff training 1 5 5 5
United Competence Sverige AB 400 20 40 40 40
BASTAonline AB 600 60 – 60 60
Sino-Swedish (Tianjin) Environmental Technology Development Co. Ltd 1 50 – 581 581
Total 45 686 686
Endowment insurance
Group Parent company
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
31 Dec 20091
31 Dec 2008
Opening book value 1,917 – 1,917 –
Acquisition value 3,000 3,000
Change in value 73 83 73 83
Current portion –1,196 –1,167 –1,196 –1,167
Closing book value 794 1,917 794 1,917
Associated companiesUnitedCompetenceSverigeLtd.,corporateidentitynumber556622-8663,isheadquarteredinGothenburg.Adecisiontoliquidatethecompanywastakenin2008.
Note 13 prepaid expenses and accrued income (sek thousand)
TotallingSEK4,870(4,330)thousand,thisitemconsistsofprepaidrentalsforofficesandpremisesamountingtoSEK2,994(2,948)thousand,andotherprepaidexpensesamountingtoSEK1,876(1,382)thousand.
Note 14 equity (SEK thousand)
GroupShare
capital
Statu-tory
reserves
Non-restricted
reserves
Profit/loss for
year Total
Opening balance 7,000 17,078 17,757 4,185 46,020
Appropriation per AGM –4,185 –4,185 0
Transfer between restricted and non-restricted equity 3,474 –3,474 0
Translation difference 369 369
Gain/loss for year –74 –74
Closing balance 3,764 3,764
Opening balance 7,000 20,921 18,394 3,764 50,079
Parent companyShare
capital
Statu-tory
reserves
Profit/loss brought forward
Profit/loss for
year Total
Opening balance 7,000 1,400 19,694 2,034 30,128
Appropriation per AGM 2,034 –2,034 0
Profit/loss for year 389 389
Closing balance 7,000 1,400 21,728 389 30,517
33
ivl annual report 2009
comments and notes to the accounts
Note 15 provisions (sek thousand)
Group Parent company
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
Deferred tax 6,964 6,094 – –
Pension provisions 1,878 2,873 1,878 2,873
Total at end of year 8,842 8,967 1,878 2,873
Note 16 accrued expenses and deferred income (sek thousand)
Group Parent company
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
31 Dec 2009
31 Dec 2008
Holiday and overtime liabilities 5,214 4,952 5,214 4,952
Accrued payroll overheads 2,301 4,902 2,301 4,902
Other accrued expenses 1,757 3,605 1,699 3,517
Total at end of year 9,272 13,459 9,214 13,371
Note 17 pledged assets and contingent liabilities (sek thousand)
2009-12-31 2008-12-31
Pledged assetsr Floating charges 5,000 5,000
Pledged endowment insurance 1,991 3,084
Total 6,991 8,084
Stockholm, 10 March 2010
KjellJansson MarieS.Arwidson Chairman of the Board
Lars-GöranBergquist KerstinCederlöf
PeterNygårds BirgittaPalmberger
ChristerForsgren KurtPalmgren
CamillaHållinderEhrencrona MarkSanctuary Staff representative Staff representative
TordSvedberg President & CEO
Myauditor’sreportwassubmittedon7April2010
UlfHDavéus Authorised Public Accountant
34
ivl annual report 2009
auditor’s report
Auditor’s reportTo the Annual General Meeting of IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd.,Corporate identity number 556116-2446:
IhaveauditedtheannualaccountsandaccountingrecordsofIVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstituteLtd.,aswellastheadministrationofthecompanybytheboardandCEO,fortheperiod1January2009to31December2009.TheboardandCEOareresponsiblefortheaccountsandadministrationofthecompany,andforensuringthattheannualaccountsarepre-paredincompliancewiththeSwedishAnnualAccountsAct.Myresponsibilityistoexpressanopinionontheannualaccountsandadministrationofthecompanyonthebasisofmyaudit.
TheauditwasconductedinaccordancewithacceptedauditingpracticeinSweden.ThismeansthatIhaveplannedandperformedtheaudittoensure,withhigh,althoughnotabsolutecertainty,thattheannualaccountsarefreeofmaterialinac-curacies.Anauditincludestheexaminationofaselectionoftheaccountdocumentsinrespectoftheamountsandotherinformationgivenintheaccounts.Anauditalsoincludestheassessmentoftheaccountingprinciplesusedandtheirap-plicationbytheboardofdirectorsandCEO,aswellasanassessmentofthesignificantestimatesmadebytheminpreparingtheannualaccountsandconsolidatedaccounts,inadditiontoevaluationoftheoverallinformationpresentedintheannualreport.Asabasisformyopinionconcerningdischargefromliability,Ihaveexaminedsignificantdecisions,actionstakenandthecircumstancesofthecompanyinordertodeterminetheliabilityfordamagestothecompany,ifany,ofanyboardmemberortheCEO.IhavealsoexaminedwhetheranyboardmemberortheCEOhas,inanyotherway,actedincontraventionoftheSwedishCompaniesAct,theSwedishAnnualAccountsActorthecompany’sarticlesofassociation.
Ibelievethatmyauditprovidesareasonablebasisformyopinionsassetoutbelow.
TheannualaccountsandgroupaccountshavebeenpreparedinaccordancewiththeSwedishAnnualAccountsAct,and,therefore,giveatruthfulviewofthecompany’sfinancialperformanceandpositioninaccordancewithacceptedaccountingpracticeinSweden.Thedirectors’reportisconsistentwiththeotherpartsoftheannualreport.
IrecommendthattheAnnualGeneralMeetingconfirmtheincomestatementsandbalancesheets,allocatetheprofitinac-cordancewiththeproposalmadeintheannualaccounts,anddischargethemembersoftheboardofdirectorsandtheCEOfromliabilityforthefinancialyear.
Stockholm7April2010
UlfHDavéusAuthorised Public Accountant
35
ivl annual report 2009
board
IVL Board
Kjell Jansson, ordförande
ChairmanoftheBoardBoardmembersince1997.CEO,Swedenergy
Marie S. ArwidsonBoardmembersince2004.CEO,SwedishForestIndustriesFederation
Lars-Göran BergquistBoardmembersince2000.Chairman,FoundationoftheSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitute
Kerstin CederlöfBoardmembersince2004.Director,SwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency
Peter NygårdsBoardmembersince2008SeniorVicePresident,Swedbank
Birgitta PalmbergerBoardmembersince2005.Departmenthead,SwedishEnergyAgency
Christer ForsgrenMembersince2008Director,StenaMetall
Kurt PalmgrenBoardmembersince2003.Director
Camilla Hållinder EhrenkronaBoardmembersince2005.Staffrepresentative
Mark SanctuaryBoardmembersince2008.Staffrepresentative
Deputy membersLars Ekecrantz,MinistryoftheEnvironmentElisabeth Nilsson,CEOJernkontoretPer Erik Karlsson,staffrepresentativeÅsa Stenmarck,staffrepresentative
36
ivl annual report 2009
executive management group
Executive management group
The executive management group as of 1 February 2010: Standing, from left: Eva Bingel, Östen Ekengren, Karin Sjöberg, Elin Eriksson, Britt Björnspjut, Tord Svedberg and Åke Iverfeldt. Seated, from left: John Munthe, Anna Jarnehammar, Anna Jöborn and Mats Ridner
Executive management group:Tord Svedberg–President&CEOÖsten Ekengren–ExecutiveVicePresident,BusinessDevelopment&MarketingÅke Iverfeldt–ExecutiveVicePresident,BusinessDevelopment&MarketingMats Ridner–CFOJohn Munthe–VicePresident,ResearchElin Eriksson–Director,SustainableOrganisations,Products&ProcessesAnna Jarnehammar–Director,Climate&SustainableCitiesAnna Jöborn–Director,NaturalResources&EnvironmentalEffectsKarin Sjöberg–Director,AirPollution&AbatementStrategies
Adjunct members Eva Bingel–InformationDirectorBritt Björnspjut–Director,HumanResources
37
ivl annual report 2009
scientific papers
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Karlsson,P.E.,Pleijel,H.,Simpson.D.2009.OzoneexposureandimpactsonvegetationintheNordicandBalticCountries.Ambio38,402-405.
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Scientific papers
Production: IVL in collaboration with AddiraPhotography: Anna Hallin (unless otherwise credited)Photos on pages 2 and 35 by Torbjörn LarssonPrinting: Litografia Alfaprint, Sundbyberg, May 2010English translation and editing: Techtrans Ireland, Cork
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