Xu Li Tieng Noi - Thay Loan

7/31/2019 Xu Li Tieng Noi - Thay Loan

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x l ting nix l ting nix l ting nix l ting niTrnh Vn LoanTrnh Vn Loan

FIT-HUTFIT-HUT


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X l ting ni

Ti liu tham khoTi liu tham kho1.1.La parole et son traitementLa parole et son traitementautomatiqueautomatique

Calliope, Masson, 1989Calliope, Masson, 198922.. Traitement de la paroleTraitement de la paroleRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PresseRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PressePolytechniques Romandes, 1987Polytechniques Romandes, 1987

33.. Fundamentals of Speech SignalFundamentals of Speech SignalProcessingProcessing

Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,

19851985

Ti liu tham khoTi liu tham kho1.1.La parole et son traitementLa parole et son traitementautomatiqueautomatique

Calliope, Masson, 1989Calliope, Masson, 198922.. Traitement de la paroleTraitement de la paroleRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PresseRene Boite et Murat Kunt, PressePolytechniques Romandes, 1987Polytechniques Romandes, 1987

33.. Fundamentals of Speech SignalFundamentals of Speech SignalProcessingProcessing

Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,Saito S., Nakata K. , Academic Press,19851985


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X l ting ni

Ni dungNi dung1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn

2.2. X l tin hiu ting niX l tin hiu ting ni

3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni4.4. Tng hp ting niTng hp ting ni

5.5. Nhn dng ting niNhn dng ting ni

Ni dungNi dung1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn

2.2. X l tin hiu ting niX l tin hiu ting ni

3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni4.4. Tng hp ting niTng hp ting ni

5.5. Nhn dng ting niNhn dng ting ni


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X l ting ni ?X l ting ni ?

X l thng tin cha trongX l thng tin cha trongtn hiu ting ni nhmtn hiu ting ni nhmtruyn, lu trtruyn, lu tr tn hiu nytn hiu ny

hochoc tng hp, nhn dngtng hp, nhn dngting ni.ting ni.

1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn

Cc nghin cu -c tin hnhCc nghin cu -c tin hnh x l ting ni yu cu nhng x l ting ni yu cu nhng

hiu bit trn nhiu lnh vchiu bit trn nhiu lnh vcngy cng a dng: tngy cng a dng: t ng mng mvv ngn ng hcngn ng hc cho ncho n x lx ltn hiu...tn hiu...


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Mc chMc ch

M hoM ho mt cch c hiu qumt cch c hiu qutn hiu ting ni truyn vtn hiu ting ni truyn vl-u tr ting ni.l-u tr ting ni.


Tng hpTng hp vv nhn dngnhn dng ting niting ni

tin ti giao tip ng-imy bngtin ti giao tip ng-imy bngting ni.ting ni.Tt c cc ng dng ca x lTt c cc ng dng ca x lting ni u cn phi da trnting ni u cn phi da trn

cc kt qu cacc kt qu ca phn tchphn tch tingtingnini


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11.. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bnPhn bit ting ni vPhn bit ting ni vmm thanh:thanh:

cc c tnh m hc c nguncc c tnh m hc c ngungc t c ch to ting ni.gc t c ch to ting ni.C 2 loi ngun mC 2 loi ngun m

tun hon (dy thanh rung)tun hon (dy thanh rung) tp m (dy thanh khngtp m (dy thanh khngrung)rung)


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B my pht mB my pht m1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn

Hng

Thc qun

Np thanh qun

Kh qun

Dy thanh

Vm ming cng

Vm ming mm

Khoang mi

Li


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S khi b my pht mS khi b my pht m



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Thanh mn (1)Thanh mn (1)11.. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn

Thanh mn

Dy thanh


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Thanh mn (2Thanh mn (2))

cc v tr ht, th, pht m, cc v tr ht, th, pht m,ni th thoni th tho



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Dy thanh trong mt chu k daoDy thanh trong mt chu k daongng



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Biu din tn hiu tingBiu din tn hiu tingnini

Dng sng theo thi gianDng sng theo thi gian



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Biu din tn hiu ting niBiu din tn hiu ting ni

Ph tn hiu ting niPh tn hiu ting ni



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Biu din tn hiu ting niBiu din tn hiu ting ni

Spectrogram (Sonagram)Spectrogram (Sonagram)



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To m hu thanh . Formant vTo m hu thanh . Formant v

antiformantantiformant



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To m v thanhTo m v thanh1.1. Mt s khi nim c bnMt s khi nim c bn


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Mt s c im ng mMt s c im ng mting Vitting Vit

n m titn m tit

C thanh iu (6), bin iC thanh iu (6), bin i

thanh iu km theo bin ithanh iu km theo bin i

nghanghaKhng bin i hnh thiKhng bin i hnh thi



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M hnh to ting ni (FantM hnh to ting ni (Fant1960)1960)

)z1)(z1(

A)z(G

11

K

1k

2

k2

1

k1 )zbzb1(

B)z(V

)z1(C)z(R 1

P


Lc thngLc thng

thp G(z)thp G(z)

Lc thngLc thng

thp G(z)thp G(z)Tuyn mTuyn m

V(z)V(z)

Tuyn mTuyn m

V(z)V(z)Ti bc xTi bc x

R(z)R(z)

Ti bc xTi bc x

R(z)R(z)


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A(z): Hm truyn t ca b lcA(z): Hm truyn t ca b lcoo

M hnh ton im ccM hnh ton im cc

(AR(AR))

)z(A)z(R)z(V)z(G)z(T


1K2

1i

i

iza1)z(A

)n(u)in(xa)n(xp

1i

i

)z(A)z(T


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Nu tnh n khoang miNu tnh n khoang mi

xut hin cc imxut hin cc imkhng(ARMA)khng(ARMA)

)z(A

)z(C

)z(A)z(A

)z(T2

2

1

11zc)z(C -i

q

0i

i 0c


)in(uc)in(xa)n(x

q

0i

i

p

1i

i


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Bi tpBi tp


2

k k kk 21 2

k k k

1 2 z cos zH (z)

1 2 z cos z z z +

= +

i 1.

m truyn t ca mt b lc s tn s formant Fk c cho bi:

rong , , T: chu k ly mu, : di thng.

. V cc im cc ca Hk(z) trong mt phng Z

. Vit phng trnh sai phn m t quan h gia tn hiu ra yk(n) v tn hiu vo xk(n)

. V s khi ca b lc s ny vi 3 b nhn.

. Bng cch sp xp li cc s hng ca phng trnh sai phn,

kT

kz e

=k k2 F T = k2


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Bi tpBi tp


i 1.

m truyn t ca mt b lc s tn s formant Fk c cho bi:

rong , , T: chu k ly mu, : di thng.

2

k k kk 21 2

k k k

1 2 z cos zH (z)

1 2 z cos z z z +

= +

kT

kz e=k k2 F T = k2

k

' 2 2 2 2 2k k k k k

1,2 k k k k

jk

| z | cos |z | |z | sin

p |z |cos j|z |sin

|z |e

= =

=

=

1. H(z) c 2 im cc l nghim ca mu s:


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Bi tpBi tp


1

0,7

f

K

Di thng

Fk

Bk


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Bi tpBi tp


k

k Re(z)

Im(z)

|zk|

|zk|

p1

p2


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Bi tpBi tp


a) Xc nh bin i z ca g(n): Tra bng
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch23243/dsp-presentation/xlths.ppt#Slide%2084http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch23243/dsp-presentation/xlths.ppt#Slide%2084


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Phn tch ph tn hiu tingPhn tch ph tn hiu tingnini

2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni

2.2. XX l tn hiu ting nil tn hiu ting ni

B lcB lchiuhiu

chnhchnh

B lcB lchiuhiu

chnhchnh

Ca sCa sCa sCa s FFTFFTFFTFFT

LogLog1010|.||.|LogLog1010|.||.|

H(z)=1-az-1

a = 0,95..0,98

Hamming


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x(n)= x(n).w(n)

X(f) = X(f) * W(f)


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s(n) = h(n) * e(n) S() = H().E()


X l ng hnhX l ng hnh(homomorphisme)(homomorphisme)

log[S()]= log[H()]+ log[E()]

FFT-1{log[S()]}=FFT-1{log[H()]}+ FFT-1{log[E()]}FFT-1{log[S()]}: cepstrum:

FFT-1{log[H()]}: thng tin v`h(n):FFT-1{log[E()]}: thng tin v`ngu`n:

s(n))

h(n))

e(n))


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S khi x l ng

hnh

B lc

hiuchnh

B lc

hiuchnh

Ca

s

Ca

s

FFTFFT

Log10|.

|

Log10|.

|

FFT1FFT1

c(n)

FFT

?


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T0

h(n))

= +

s(n) h(n) e(n)


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Tin on tuyn tnh (LinearPrediction Coding)

Tin

on

p

1i

i )in(xa)n(x

Sai s tinon

)n(x)n(x)n(e

Sai s bnh ph-ngton phn n

2)n(eE

Ti thiu hosai s

p,...,2,1i,0a

E

i

M hnh tonim cc

)n(u)in(xa)n(xp

1i

i


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22.. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni

Xc nh tn s cbn Fo

Ging nam: 80 .. 250 Hz. Ging n:150..500 Hz

Xcnh

Fo

Xcnh

Fo

nhgi

kt qu

nhgi

kt qu

Tin

x l

Tin

x l

Mt s ph-ng php xc nh Fo Da vo hm t t-ng quan

Da vo hm vi sai bin trung bnh Dng b lc o v hm t t-ng quan

X l ng hnh


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Da vo hm t tng quan

1

1

( ) ( ) ( ) 0,1,...,N k

n

r k x n x n k k K

=

= + =Fs = 10 kHz, N = 300, K =Fs = 10 kHz, N = 300, K =

150150Tm cc i trong khongTm cc i trong khong

(0, K)(0, K)


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Da vo hm t tng quan

Hn ch, loi b |x|


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2.2. X l tn hiu ting niX l tn hiu ting ni Da vo hm vi sai bin trung bnh

(Average Magnitude Difference

Function) (1)

( ) 0, 0,1,...D iP i= =

1/ 21 1

2

0 0

1 1( ) ( )

N N

n nu n u nN N

= =

2

1/ 2

1( ) [ ( ) ( )]

2[ (0) ( )] 0,1,...,1

1/2N-1

n=0

D k x n x n kNr r k k K

= +

= =

3.3. M ho ting niM ho ting ni


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g g

Cc tnh cht l-ng t uCc tnh cht l-ng t uT s tn hiu trn nhiu

2

210lg (d B) 6,02 4,77 20lgx s

xe

xSN b

= = +

max4 (d B) 6 7,3Nu sx SN b= =

Vi b 6, tng 6 dB mi khi tng 1 bit l-ngt

c cht l-ng thch hp cn c b 11



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g

s

n

dB 10

WNSN

N W

SN 10log SN

ng l- ng tn hiung l- ng nhiu

= =

=

dB 10

BiSN 20log Bi

n tn hiun nhiu

=

Hoc



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Nng lng SN (dB)

Tn hiu = Nhiu 0

Tn hiu = 2 Nhiu 2

Tn hiu = 10 Nhiu 10

Tn hiu = 100 Nhiu 20

Tn hiu = 1000 Nhiu 30Tn hiu = 10N Nhiu N x 10



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L-ng t logaritL-ng t logarit Sau khi ly logarit bin tn hiu s m

ho tuyn tnh

log[]log[] Q[]Q[] M hoM ho

signe[]signe[]

x(n) c(n)

y(n)

y'(n)

exp[]exp[]Gii mGii m

signe[x(n)]

c(n)

x'(n)

x'(n)



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L-ng t logaritL-ng t logarit Hai gii php dng cho inHai gii php dng cho in

thoithoiLutLut (dng M)(dng M)

log(1 )

log(1 )

xy

+=

+

Lut A (dng Lut A (dng

chu u)chu u)1 log1 log

A xyA

+= +255 87,56A = =:

8 bit logarit ~ 12 bit l-ng t8 bit logarit ~ 12 bit l-ng t

uu



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L-ng t thch nghiL-ng t thch nghi B-c l-ng t tu thuc vo bin B-c l-ng t tu thuc vo bin

tn hiutn hiu Thch nghi tr-cThch nghi tr-cy(n)y(n)

Q[]Q[] M hoM hox(n)x(n)

c(n)c(n)Thchnghi

k.i

Thchnghi

k.iG(n)G(n) G(n)G(n)

y(n)

y'(n)

Gii mGii m c(n)c(n):: y'(n)x'(n)=G'(n)

G(n)G(n)



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L-ng t thch nghiL-ng t thch nghi Thch nghi sauThch nghi sau

Q[]Q[] M hoM hox(n)x(n)

c(n)c(n)

y(n)y(n)

Thchnghi

k.i

Thchnghi

k.i

G(n)G(n)

y(n)

y'(n)

Gii mGii m c(n)c(n)::

y'(n)x'(n)=

G'(n)

G(n)G(n) Thchnghi

k.i

Thchnghi

k.i



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M ho vi sai (DPCM)M ho vi sai (DPCM) L-ng t hoL-ng t ho



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G.721 : ADPCM, 32 kbps, 4bits, 8kHz G.722 : ~ADPCM, 48 n 64 kbps, G.723 : ~ADPCM, 24 kbps, 3 bits, 8kHz

G.728 : 16 Kbps GSM : in thoi di ng, 13 kbps Linear Predictive Encoding (Xerox), 5 kbps Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP)

Digital Video Interactive : ~ADPCM, 4 n 8 bits VoIP: G723.1 (6.4kbits/s), G728, G729 (8kbits/s)

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Xu Li Tieng Noi - Thay Loan