BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aaronson SA (1991) Growth factors and Cancer. Science, 254: 1146.

Abalea V, Cillard J, Dubos MP, Sergent 0 et al., (1999) Repair of iron induced DNA oxidation by the flavanoid myricetin in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Free Rad. Biol. Med, 26: 1457.

Aemes NB (1983) Directory carcinogens and anticarcinogens, oxygen radicals and degenerative diseases. Science, 221: 1256.

Aemes NB, Shigenaga M K, Hagen T M (1993) Oxidants antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of ageing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 7915.

Aimi N, Touyaki T, Murakani H, Sakai S, Haginiwa J (1985) Structure of ophiorines A and B; moved type glucoindole alkaloids isolated from Ophiowhiza sps. Tetrahedron lett, 26: (43) 5299.

Aird, ELH, Hamill JD, Rhodes MJC. (1988) Cytogenetic analysis of hairy root cultures from a number of species transformed by Agrobacteriurn rhizogenes. Plant Cell Tissue Organ cult, 15: 47.

Akhila A, Thakur RS, Popli SF (1987) Biosynthesis of arthisin in Artinzisia nnnua. Phytochemistry, 26: 1927.

Alpert ME, Flutt MS, Davidson CS (1968) Hepatoma in Uganda. A study in geographic pathology. Lancet, I: 1265.

Anis KV and Kuttan R (1999) Role of berberine as an adjuvant response modifier during tumour therapy in mice. Phar. Pharmacol. Comrnun, 5: 697.

A p h AE, Howe A, Alahari SK, Juliano RL (1998) signal transfusion and signal modulation by cell adhesion receptors: the role of integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulin-cell adhesion molecules and selections. Pharmacol. Rev, 50: 197.

Arnold A and White house J (1984) Interaction of VP 16-213 with the DNA repair antagonist chloroquine. Cancer chemother . Phamacol, 7: 123.

Ashton R E, Andre P, Lowe N, Whitefield M. (1983) Anthralin: Historical and current perspectives. Sern. Dermatol, 2: 287.

Athar M, Khan WA, Mukhtar H (1989) Effect of dietary tannic acid on epidermal, lung and forestomach polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism and turnorigenicity, Cancer Res, 49: 5784.

Athar M, Mukhtar H, Bickers DR, Khan IU, Kalyanaraman B (1989) Evidence for the metabofism of tumor promoter organic hydro peroxides into free radicals by humans skin keratinocytes, A ESR spin trapping study, Carcinogenesis, 10: 1499.

Athar M, Raza H, Biockers DR, Mukhtar H (1990) Inhibition of BPO-mediated tumor promotion in 7/12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene initiated skin of Sencar mice by antioxidant NDGA and DAS. J. Invest. Dermatol, 94: 162.

Athar M, Aggarwal R, Wang Z Y, Lloyd J R, Bickers D R & Mukhtar H (1991) Alltrans retinoic acid protects against conversion of chemically induced and ultraviolet B radiation induced skin papillomas to carcinomas, Carcinogenesis, 12: 2325.

Athar M and Iqbal M (1998) Ferric Nitrilotriacetate promotes N-diethylnitrosamine- induced renal tumorigenesis in the rat: implications for the involvement of oxidative stress. Carcinogenesis, 19: 1133.

Ausprunk DH and Folkman J (1977) Migration and Proliferation of endothelial cells during preformed and newly formed blood vessels during tumor angiogenesis. Microvasc. Res, 14: 53.

Austin CA, Patel S, Ono K, Nakane H, Fisher LM (1992) Site specific DNA cleavage by mammalian DNA topoisomerases I1 induced by novel flavone and catechin derivatives. Biochem. J, 282: 883.

Babu BH, Shylesh BS, Padikkala J (2002) Tumour reducing and anti carcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in mice. J . Ethnopharmacol, 79: 27.

Babu TD, Kuttan G, Padikkala J (1995) In uifro cytotoxic antiturnour properties of certain taxa of Umbelliferae ,with special reference to Cenfella asiatica. J. Ethnopharmacol, 48: 53.

Bagley CM, Devitta VT, Bernard CW, Cancellos GP (1972) Advanced Lymphosarcoma, intensive cyclical combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone. Ann. Intern. Med, 76: 227.

Balandrin MF, Klocke JA, Wurtele E.S. and Bohger WH (1985) Natural Plant Chemicals: Source of industrial and medicinal materials. Science, 228: 1154,

Balandrin MF and Klocke JA (1998) In: Medicinal Aromatic and Industrial materials from Plants. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry V01.4 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I, YPS Bajaj (Ed) Springer-Verleg, London, pp: 3.

Baserga R (1985) The biology of celI reproduction. Harward University Press Cambridge, MA, USA.

Bastida E (1998) The metastatic cascade: Potential approaches for the mhibition of metastasis. Semin. Thromb. Hemost, 14: 66.

Becker Y and Orcheusky SB (1973) Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by camptothecin. Isr. J. Med. Sci, 9: 1578.

Bellamy AS and Hill BT (1984) Interaction between clinically effective anti tumour drugs and radiation in experimental systems. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 738: 125.

Bellamy AS (1990) Fundamental concepts associated with combining cytotoxic drugs with x-irradiation. Boa Roton Florida. CRC. Press Inc, pp.1

Bergmeyer HU and Burnt E (1980) Calorimetric method for aspartate and alanine amino transferases. In: H Varley, AH Govenlock, M Bell (Eds) Practical Biochemistry. Vol. 5th Edition, William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd, London, pp. 741.

Berlin J (1984) Plant cell cultures - A future source of natural products? Endeavor (N.S), 8: 5.

Beukers R and Berends W (1960) Isolation and identification of the irradiation product of thymine. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 41: 550.

Bishayee S and Balasubramonian AS (1971) Assay of lipid peroxide formation. J. Neurochem, 18: 909.

Bishop JM and Weinberg RA (Eds) (1996) In: Molecular Ol~cology (New York: Scientific American, Inc) .

Blair DG, Oskarsson M, Wood TG et al. (1981) Activation of the transforming potential of a normal cell sequence: a molecular model of oncogenesis. Science, 212.

Blakeslee AF (1934) New Jirnson Weeds from old Chromosomes. J. Hered, 25: 808.

Block FG and Burns R (1963) Tumor-promoting properties of anthralin (1, 8.9- antlvatriol). J. Natl. cancer Inst, 30: 393.

Boveri J (1914) Zur Frage der Erstehung Maliguer Tumoren, Jena: Gustav Fischer (English translation by M. Boveri, 1929. The origin of malignant tumors, Baltimore: Williams and W ilkins).

Boyd NF and Mc Guire V (1991) The possible role of lipid peroxidation in the breast cancer risk. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 10: 185.

Bradely MO and Erikson LC (1981) Comparison of effects of Hz02 and X-ray irradiation on toxicity, mutation and DNA damage/repair in mammalian cells (V-79). Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 654: 135.

0

iii

Brake ME, Pestel GD, Castronovo V, Vyncke B, Foidart JM, Vakact LCA, Marcel MM (1988) In: Plant flavanoids in Biology and medicine 11. Progress in clinical and Biological research. V Cody, E Middleton JB Liss, New York.

Brattin WJ, Glende EA, Recknagel RO (1985) Pathological mechanisms in Carbon tetra chloride hepatotoxicity. J. Free Rad. Biol. Med, 1: 27.

Bravo L, (1998) Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism and nutritional sigruficance. Nuh. Rev, 56: 317.

Breinhold V, Lauridson ST, Dragsted LO (1999) Differential effects of dietary flavanoids on drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in female rat. Xenobiotica, 29: 1227.

Bresciani F, Paoluzi R, Beukassi M (1974) Cell kinetics and growth of squamous cell carcinomas in man. Cancer Res, 34: 2405,

Brodelius P (1990) Transport and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In: HJ J Nijkamp et al. (Eds) Progress in plant cellular and molecular biology, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 567.

Budman DR (1993) New Nine alkaloids and related compounds. Sernin. Oncol, 19: 639.

Burris HA and Fields SM (1994) Topoisomerase I inhibitors: an overview of the camptothecin analogues. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North. Am, 8: 333.

Case RAM and Hosker ME (1954) Tumors in the urinary bladder as an occupational disease in the rubber industry in England and Wales. Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med, 8: 39

Cerutti PA (1985) Pro oxidqnt states and tumour promotion. Science, 227: 375.

Cerutti PA and Trump BF (1991) Inflammation and oxidative stress in Carcinogenesis. Cancer Cells, 3: 1.

Cerutti PA (1994) Oxyen radicals and cancer. Lancet, 344: 862.

Chabner BA, Allegra CJ, Curt GA (1996) In: Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. JG Hardman, AG Gilman (Eds) Mc Graw Hill, New York, pp- 1233.

Chan TM, Chen E, Tatoyan A (1986) Stimulation of tyrosine specific protein phosphorylation in the rat liver plasmamembrane by oxygen radicals. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 139: 439.

Chan TT (1989) Analgesic testing in animal models, In: Pharmacological methods in the control of inflammations (Akan R Lissdue), New York.

Chang YC, Nair MG, Nittis JL (1995) Metabolites of daidzein and genestein and their biological activities. J. Nat. Prod, 58: 1901.

Choy H, Rodrieguez F, Wilcox B et a1 (1992) (Radiation sensitizing effects of Taxotere (RP 56976) (Abstract). Proc. Am. Asooc. Cancer Res, 33: 500.

Ciriolo MR, Mavelli I, Ratilio G, Borzatta V, Cristofair M, Stanzani L (1982) Decrease of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in Liver of rats treated with hypolipidemic drugs. FEBS Lett, 144: 264.

Cohen SM and Ellwein IB (1991) Gene tic errors, cell proliferation, and carcinoge~~esis. Cancer Res, 51: 6493.

Comporti M (1985) Lipid peroxidation and cellular damage in toxic liver injury. Lab. Invest, 53: 599.

Constabel F, Kurz WGW, Kutney JP (1982) Variation in cell cultures of periwinkle, CnNznrrm thus roseus. In: Plant tissue cultures, 1982. A Fujiwara (Ed) Maruzen, Tokyo, pp 301.

Cons tabel F (1990) Medicinal Plant biotechnology . Planta Medica, 56: 421.

Constabel F and Tayler RT (1994) Cell culture for production of secondary metabolites. In: IK Vasil, TA Thorpe (Eds). Plant cell and tissue culture. Dordrecht, Netherlands; Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 277.

Constantinou A, Mehta R, Runyan C, Rao K, Vaughan A, Moor R (1995) Flavanoids as DNA topoisomerase antagonist and poisons: Structure - activity relationships. J. Natural products, 58: 217.

Correia JJ (1991) Effects of antibiotic agents on tubulin - nucleotide interactions. Pharmacol. Mer, 52: 127.

Covey JM, Jaxel C, Kohn KW et al, (1989) Protein linked DNA strand breaks induced in mammalian cells by carnptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I. Cancer Res, 49: 5016.

Cross M and Dexter JM (1991) Growth Factors in development, transformation, and tumorigenesis. Cell, 64: 271.

Curtin ME (1983) Harvesting profitable products from plant tissue culture. Bio technology, 83: 649.

D'Arnone P and Klagsburn M (1989) In: The pathobiology of neoplasts (Plenum Press, New York), pp 513.

David C, Chilton MD and Tempe J (1984) Conservation of t-DNA in plants regenerated from h a q root cultures. Biotechnoloy, 2: 73.

Davies MJ (1989) Detection of peroxyl~ and alkoxyl radical produced by reaction of hydroperoxides with rat liver microsomal fraction. Biochem. J, 257: 603.

Davies MJ (1990) Electron spin resonance studies on the degradation of hydroperoxides by rat liver cytosol. Free- Rad. Res. Commun, 9: 251.

Davies KJ (1993) Protein modification by oxidants and the role of proteolytic enzymes. Biochem. Soc. Tranasact, 21: 346.

De Azevedo WF, Mueller- Dieckmam HJ, Schulze Gahrnen U, Worland PJ, Sausville E, Kim SH (1996) Structural basis for specificity and potency of flavanoids inhibitor of human CDK2, a cell cycle kinase. Proceeding of the national academy of sciences, United States of America, 93: 2735.

Devitta V, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (1993) In: Cancer: Principles and practice of oncology. J.B. Lippincott company, Philadelphia, USA.

Dianzarni MV (1978) Biochemical aspects of fatty liver. In: Slater TF (Ed) Biochemical mechamism of liver injury. London Academic Press, pp 45.

Di Berardino MA (1979) Nuclear and Chromosomal behaviour in amphibian nuclear transplants. Int. Rev. Cytol, (Supp 9): 129.

Di Berardino MA (1987) Genornic potential of differentiated cells analyzed by nuclear transplantation. An 2001~27: 623.

\

Di Berardino MA (1997). In: Genomic Potential of Differentiated cells. Columbia University Press, New York.

Di Carlo G, Masccolo N, Izzo AA, Capasso F (1999) Flavanoids: Old and new concepts of a class of natural therapeutic drugs. Life Science, 65: (4) pp 337.

Domely TE, Pelling JC, Andreson CL, Dalbey D (1987) Benzoyl peroxide activation of protein kinase C activity in epidermal cell membranes. Carcinogenesis, 8: 1871.

Eilert U (1987) Elicitation: methodology and aspects of application: In: Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of plants. Cell culture in phytochemistry. F Constabel, IK Vasil (Eds) Vol4. Acdernic Press, San Diego, CA. pp 153.

Elizabeth K and Rao MNA (1990) Oxygen radical scavenpg activity of curcumin. Int. J. Pharm, 58: 237.

Engler PA and Kensler TW (1985) Effects of biornirnetic superoxide dismutase on complete and multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Carcinogenesis, 6: 1167.

Evan G and Little wood T (1998) A matter of life and cell death. Science, 281: 1317.

Fankhauser G (1945) The effects of changes in chromosome number on amphibian development Q. Rev. Biol, 20: 20.

Feig D1, Ried TM, Loeb LA (1994) Reactive Oxygen species in tumorigenesis. Cancer Res (Sup1 54): 1890.

Fergusan LR (2001) Role of plant polyphenols in genornic stability. Mutat. Res, 475: 89.

Finlay GJ, Holdaway KM, Baguley BC (1994) Comparison of the effects of genestein and amascrine on leukemia cell proliferation. Oncol Res, 6: 33.

Flores HE, Hoy MW, Pickard JJ (1987) Secondary metabolites from root cultures. TIBTECH 5: 64.

Flores HE, Vivanco JM, Layola- Vargas NM (1999) 'Radicle' biochemistry: the biology root specific metabolism. Trends Plant Sci, 4: 220.

Floyd RA, Soong LM, Stuart MA, Reigh DL (1978) Spin trapping of free radicals produced from nitrosarnine carcinogens. Photochem. Pho tobiol, 28: 857.

Folkman J (1993) Tumor angiogenesis. In: Cancer medicine 3*d ed. JF Holland, E Frei, RC Bast, DW Kufe, DL Morton and RR Weichselbaum (Eds). pp 153. Lea and Febiger, Melbourne, PA.

Fotis T, Pepper MS, Aktas E, Breut S, Rasku S, Aldercreutz H, Wahala K et al. (1997) Flavanoids: dietary derived inhibitors of cell proliferation and in vifro angiogenesis. Cancer Research, 57: 2916.

Foulds L (1954) In: The experimental Study of turnover progression. Volumes I - 111 (London: Academic Press).

Fransworth NR and Morris (1976) Higher Plants - The sleeping pants for drug development. Amer. J. Pharm, 148: 46.

Fransworth NR (1984) How can the well be dry when it is filled with water. Eco. Bot, 38: 4.

Fransworth NR, Akerele 0, Bingel AS, Soejarto DD, Guo Z (1985) Medical plants in therapy. Bulletin of WHO, 63: 965.

vii

Freireich EJ, Gegan EA, Rall DP, Schimdt LH, Skipper HE (1996) Quantitative comparison of the anticancer agents in mouse, rats, dog, hamster, monkey and man. Cancer Chemother. Rep, 50: 21.

Fridovich I (1978) The biology of oxygen radicals. Science, 210: 875.

Fu KK and Philips TL (1991) Biologic rationale of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Head and Neck Cancer, 15: 731.

Fujiki H, Suganuma M, Supuri H I Youshizawa S, Takagi K, Kobayashi M (1989) Sarcophytols A and l3 inhibit tumor promotion teleocidin in two stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J. Cancer Res. Chi. Oncol, 115: 25.

Fujita I, Irita K, Takeshige K, Minakami S (1984) Diacylglycerol, I-oleoyl-2-acetyglycerol, stimulates, superoxide generation from human neutrophils. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 120: 318.

Fujita and Tabata (1987) In: Plant tissue and cell culture. CE Green, DA Somers, WP Hacket, DD Biesboer (Eds). Alan R. Liss, New York pp. 169.

Fulzele DP, Sipahimalini AT, Heble MR (1991) Tissue cultures of Artinrisia annua: organogenesis and artimisin production. Phytotherapy research, 5: 149.

Gali HU, Pechellet JP, b h DS, Johnson JM (1992) Hydrlysable tannins: potent mhibitors of hydroperoxide production and tumour promotion in mouse skin fxea ted with TPA in viva Int. J. Cancer, 51:425.

Gamborg OL, Shyluk JP, Brar DS, Constabel F (1977) Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from callus of immature embryos of Sorghum. Plant Sci. Lett, 10: 67

\

Geissman TA (1962) The chemistry of flavanoid compounds (Ed). Pergamon Press. 468: 107.

Ghosh MN (1984) In: Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology, 2 Ed. Scientific book agency, Culcutta.

Giancotti FG and Ruoslahti E (1999) Integrin signalling. Science, 285: 1028.

Gimenez-Conti I, viaje A, Chesner J, Conti C, Slaga T (1991) Induction Of short-term markers of tumor promo tion by organic peroxides. Carcinogenesis, 12: 563.

Giulia DC, Nicola M, Angelo A et al. (1999) Flavanoids: Old and new aspects of a class of therapeutic drugs. Life Science, 65: 337.

Goffman TE, Ranbitschek A, Mitchell JB, Glastein (1990) The emerging biology of modern radiation biology. Cancer Res, 50: 7735.

2 .

. m .

V l l l

Golub TR et a1 (1999) Molecular classification of Cancer: Class discovery and Class production by gene expression monitoring. Science, 286: 531.

Gopalakrishna R and Andeson WB (1989) Ca2+ and phospholipid independent activation of PKC by selective oxidative modification of the regulatory domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA. 86: 6758.

Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PC, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR (1982) Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and l5N in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem, 126: 131.

Green DR and Reed JC (1998) Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science, 281: 1309.

Greenley TL and Davies M J (1993) Detection of radical production from peroxide and per acid tumor promoters. Biohchem. Biophys. Acta, 1157: 23.

Greishaber CR and Marsoni S (1986) Relation of preclinical toxicology to finding in early clinical trials. Cancer. Treat. Rep, 70: 65.

Grever RM, Schepartz AS, Chabner AB (1992) The national cancer institute, Cancer drug discovery and drug development programme. Seminars in Oncology, 19: 622.

Groombridge B (1992) Global Biodiversity Status of the Earth's Living Resource, Chapman and Hall, pp. 55.

Gupta SK, Rastogi S, Prakash J, Joshi S, Gupta YK, Awor L, Verma SD (2000) Anti- inflammatory activity of sodium pyruvate - A physiological antioxidant. Ind. J. Pharmacol, 44: (1) 101.

Guyton KZ and Kensler TW (1993) Oxidative mechanisms in Carcinogenesis. Brit. Med. Bull, 49: 523. ,

Hahn WC and Weinberg RA (2002) Modelling of the molecular circuitry of Cancer. Nature Reviews/ Cancer, Vo1.2, pp 332.

Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1984) Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem. J, 219: 1.

Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1 985) Free radicals in biology and medicine. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 279.

Halhwell B and Gutteridge JMC, Cross C E (1992) Free radicals, antioxidants, and human diseases: Where are we now? Lab. Clin. Med, 598.

Hamill JD, Parr AK, Rhocles MJC et a1 (1987) New routes to plant secondary products. Bio Technology, 5: 800.

Hanahan D and Weinberg RA (2000) The Hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100: 57.

Harborne JB (1964) Biochemistry of phenolic compounds. London Academic Press.

Harbome JB (1967) Comparative biochemistry of flavanoids. London Academic Press.

Harbome JB (1976) In: Phytochemical methods: A guide to modem techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall, London.

Har borne JB (1978) Biochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal convolution Vo1.15. Annual Proc. Phytochem. Soc. Europe. London, Academic Press.

Harborne JB and Tomas Barberan FA (1991) Ecological Chemistry and biochemistry of Plant terpenoids. Oxford Science Publications, pp.159.

Harbome JB (1993) In: The flavanoids: Advances in research since 1986. Chapman and a London.

Harris CC, Hirohashi S, Ito N, Pilot HC, Sugimura T, Terada M and Yokota J (1992) Mu1 tistage carcinogcnesis: The twenty-second international symposium of the Princess Talkamatsu Cancer Research fund. Cancer Res, 52: 4837.

Hayes GR and Lockwood DH (1987) Role of the insulin receptor phosphorylation in the insuh~ornimetic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84: 8115.

Hayflick L (1997) Mortality and immortality at the Cellular level. Ann Review Biochemistry, 62: 1180.

Hayward WS, Neel BG, Astrin SM (1982) Activation of a cellular oncogene by promoter insertion in ALV - induced lymphoid leucosis. Nature, 290.

Hellar I (1930) Occupational Cancers. J. Ind. Hyg, 12: 169.

Hemminki K (1994) DNA adducts: Identification and Biological Sigruficance. IARC scientific publication 125, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.

Hennings H, Shores R, Wenk ML, Spengler EF, Tarone R, Yuspa SH (1983) Malignant conversion of mouse skin tumors is decreased by tumor initiators and unaffected by tumor promoters. Nature, 304: 67.

Hirata K, Horiuchi M, Asada M, Audo T et al (1991) Effect of near ultraviolet light on alkaloid production in multiple shoot cultures of Catllaranthus roseus. Planta Med, 57: 499.

Hirata K, Horiuchi M, Asada M, Audo T et al., (1992) Stimulation of dimeric alkaloid production in multiple shoot cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Ferm Bioeng, 74: 222.

Hirota N and Yokayama T (1981) Enhancing effects of hydrogen peroxide upon duodenal and upper jejunal carcinogenesis in rats, Gann, 72: 811.

Hocman G (1988) Chemoprevention of cancer: phenolic antioxidant (BHA, BHT). Int. J. Biochern, 20: 639.

Holm C, Stearns T, Botstein D (1989) DNA topoisomerase II must act at mitosis to prevent non-disjunction and chromosome breakage. Mol. Cell. Biol, 9: 159.

Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B et a1 (1991) p53 mutations in human cancers. Science, 253: 531.

Holywood D, Sdspra K, Poten J (1995) In: Oxford Text book of Oncology HM Pindo, U Veronesi (Eds) Oxford University Press, 54.

Horwitz SB, Lothstein L, Mellado W et al. (1986) Taxol: mechanisms of action and resistance. Ann. NY Acad. Sci, 466: 733.

Hsiang YH, Hertzberg R, Hecht S, Lin LF (1985) Camptothecin induced protein linked DNA breaks via mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. J. Biol. Chem, 260: 1473.'

Hsu IC, Metcalf RA, Sun T, Welsh J, Wang NJ, Harris CC (1991) p53 gene mutational ho tpo t in human hepatocellular carcinomas from Qidong, China. Nature, 350: 427.

Huang MT, Smart RC, Wong CQ, Conney AH (1988) Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid on tumour promotion in mouse skin by 12-0-tetra deconyl phorboll3-acetate. Cancer Research, 48: 5941.

Huggins CB, Grand LC, Braantes FP (1961) Mammary Cancer induced by a single seeding of polynuclear hydrocarbons and its suppression. Nature, 189: 204.

Hussain SF, Aguilar F, Arnstad P, Cerufki P (1994) Oxy-radical induced mutagenesis of hot spot codons 248 and 249 of the human p53 gene. Oncogene, 9: 2277.

Ian SA (1994) Genetically engineered synthesis of natural products. J. Nat. Prod, 57: 557.

Ingloer D, Fujita T, Kishimato S, Sudo K, Kanamaru T, Brem H, Folkman J (1990) Synthetic analogue of fumagih that inhibit angiogenesis and suppress tumour growth. Nature, 348: 555.

Ionkova I, Ninov S, Kole VD, Alferman A (1991) Secondary constituents of in uitro cells and transformed root cultures of Althea oficianalis var. russalka. Planta Medica, 57(8): 41.

Iqbal M, Giri U, Athar M (1995) Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a potent hepatic tumor promoter and acts through the generation of oxidative stress. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 212: 557.

Ishizaki. Y, Cheng L, Mudge AW, Raff MC (1995) Programmed cell death by default in embryonic cells, fibrolasts, and cancer cells. Mol. Biol. Cell, 6: 1443.

Ito A, Watanabe H, Naito M, Naito Y (1981) Induction of duodenal tumors in mice by oral administration of hydrogen peroxide. Gann, 72: 174.

Ito N and Hirose M (1987) The role of antioxidants in chemical Carcinogenesis. Jpn. J.Cancer Res, 78: 1011.

Iwata K, Shibuya H, Ohkawa Y, Inui N (1984) Chromosomal aberrations in V79 cell induced by super oxide radical generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase sys terns. Toxicol Lett, 22: 75.

Jackson BG (2000) Mechanism - Based Target identification and drug discovery in Cancer Research. Science, 287: 1969.

Janssen YMW, Van Houten B, Borm PJ A, Mossman B T (1993) Cell and tissue responses to oxidative damage. Lab Invest, 69: 261.

Johl~ston RB and Kitagawa S (1985) Molecular basis for the enhanced respiratory burst of activated macrophages. Fed. Proc, 44: 2927.

Jordan MA, Toso RJ, Thrower D, Wilson L (1993) Mechanism of mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation by tax01 at low concenbations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, USA, 90: 9552.

Kamd M (1993) In: ~Lirnpies in Plant Research (Col. XI, 377-388). Govil JN, Singh VK, Sharma H (Eds). ~ o d a ~ and Tomorrow's printers and Publishers - New DeIhi.

Kanba S, Yamada K, Mizushima H, Asai M (1998) Use of herbal medicines for treating psychiatric disorders in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 52: S 331.

Kancko M and Leadson SA (1987) Production of thymine glycol in DNA by N-hydroxy- 2-naphthylamine as detected by a monoclonal antibody. Br. J. Cancer [Suppl.], 8: 113.

Kashiwada Y, Novaka G, Nishioka I, Lee KJ, Bori I et al. (1993) Tannins as potent inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase I1 in vifro. J. Pharmaceut. Sci, 82: 487.

Katiyar S K, Agarwal R, Zaim M T, Mukhtar H (1993) Protection against N- Nitrosodiethylamine and benzo(a)pyrene-induced fore stomach and lung tumorigenesis in A/ J mice by green tea. Carcinogenesis, 14: 849.

3 .

xii

Keisari Y, Flescher E, Geva I (1984) Macrophage oxidative burst and related cy totoxicity. I. Differential activation by tumor promoting and non-tumor promoting phorbol esters. Int. J. Cancer, 34: 845.

Kelly MG, O'Gara RW, Adarnson RH and Gadekar K (1966) Induction of hepatic cell carcinomas in monkeys with N-introsodiethylamine. J. Natl. Cancer Ins t, 36: 323.

Kennedy AR, Troll W, Little JB (1984) Role of free radicals in the initiation and promotion of radiation transformation in vitro. ~arcino~enesis, 5: 1213.

Kensler TW, Bush DM and Kozurnbo WJ (1983) Inhibition of tumor promotion by a biominletic superoxide dismustase. Science, 221: 75.

Khlcif SM and Curt GA (1993) Animal models in drug development. In: Cancer Medicines 3rd Ed, Holland, Lea Fibiger, Philadelphia, London, pp 553.

Kind PRN and King EJ(1980) In: Varkey H, Gowenlock AH, Bell M (Eds) Method of practical clinical biochemistry. London, Heiman, pp 899.

h g EJ and Amstrong AR (1980) Method of King and Amstrong. In: H Varley, AH Govenlock, M Bell (Eds) Practical Biochemistry. Vol. 5th Edition, William Heinemam Medical Books Ltd, London, pp 897.

Kingbury WD, Boehm JC, Jakas DR, Holden KG, Hecht SM (1991) Synthesis of water soluble (amino alky 1) camp tothecin analogues: Inhibition of topoisomerase I and antiturnour activity. J. Med. Chem, 34: 98.

Kirtikar KR and Basu BD (1935) In: Indian medicinal plants. KS Mhaskar, E Blatter, JF Caius (Eds) Vo1.2. Satpura publication, India, pp 448.

Kitajima M, Nakamura M, Takayama H, Saito K, Stockigt J, Aimi N (1997) Constituents of regenerated plants of Ophiorrhiza pumilia, formation of a new glycocamptothecin and predominant formation of (3R) - deoxypumiloside over (3s) congener. Tetrahedron lett, 38 (52): 8997.

Kitajima M, Fischer U, Nakamura M, Ohsawa M, Ueno M et al., (1998) Anthraquinones from Oplziorrlziza pu milin tissue and cell cultures. Phytochemistry, 48: 107.

Kolde G, Roessner A, Themam H (1976) Effects of clofibrate on male rat liver: correlated ultra structural morphometic and biochemical investigations, Virchows Arch. 8. CeU Pa thol, 22: 73.

Kontruek SJ, Robert AR, Hancher AJ, Nezamis JE (1980). Comparison of prostacyclin and prostaglandin A2 on gastric secretion, gastric release and mucosal blood flow in dogs. Dig. Dis.Sci, 25: 637.

Kozumbo WJ, Seed JL, Kensler TW (1983) Inhibition by 2 (3) -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisoIe and other antioxidants of epidermal ornitlune decarboxylase activity induced by TPA. Cancer Res, 43: 2555.

Kraemer KH, Lee MM, Scotto (1987) Xeroderma pigmentosum. Cutaneous, Occular and neurogenic abnormalities in 830 published cases. Arch. Dermatol, 123: 241.

Krishan A, Paika K, Frei E (1975) Cytoflurometric studies on the action of podophyllo toxins (VM-26, VP-16-213) on the cell cycle traverse of human lymphoblasts. J.CeU. Biol, 66: 521.

Kruzewski FH, Fisher EP, Aalfs KK, Di Giovanni J (1985) Mechanisms of mouse skin tumor promotion by chrysarobin. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res, 26: 139.

Kupchan SM, Segei CW, Knox JRJ Udayamurthy MS (1969) Eupatin and Eupatonin, Two cyto toxic flavanol from Eupatorium semiserra turn. JOC, 34: 146073.

Kupchan SM and Bruderien (1971) Cytotoxic flavanoids from Bacchan's sarothroides. Phytochem, 10: 664.

Larsson R and Cerutti P (1988) Oxidant induce phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. J. BioI Chem, 263: 17452.

Larsson R and Cer utti P (1 989) Translocation and enhancement of phosphotransferase activity of FKC following exposure mouse epidermal cells to oxidants, Cancer Res, 49: 5627.

Leadson SA (1987) Production of thymine glycol in DNA by radiation and chemical carcinogenesis as detected by a monoclonal antibody. Br. J. Cancer [suppl], 8: 113.

Le Beau MM (1997) Molecular biology of cancer: cytogenetics, In: Cancer Principles and practice of oncology 5th ed, VT De Vita, Jr. SL Hellman and SA Rosenberg (Eds) pp. 103 Lip pinco t t - Raven, Philadelphia.

Lesko SA, Caspary W, Lorentzen R, Ts'o, POP (1975) Enzymatic formation of 6- 0x0 bemo(a) pyrene radical in rat liver homogenate from carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene. Biochemistry, 14: 3978.

Levine AJ, Momad J, Finaly CA (1991) The p53 tumor suppressor gene. Nature, 351: 453.

Li LR (1 997) Aneuploidy correlated 100 % with chemical transformation of Chinese hamster cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Scie. USA, 94: 14606.

Lijinsky W and Shu blk P (1964) Benzo(a)pyrene and other polynuclear hydrocarbons in charcoal boiled nleat. Science, 145: 53.

xiv

Lowry HD, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with f o h phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem, 193: 265.

Lukashev ME and Werb Z (1998) ECM signaling: orchestrating cell behavior and misbehavior. Trends Cell Biol, 8: 437.

Machlin LJ and Bendich A (1987) Free radical tissue damage: protective role of antioxidant nutrients. FASEB J,1: 441.

Macrae WD and Stich HF (1979) Induction of sister-chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells by thiols and hydrazine compounds. Mutat. Res, 68: 351.

Magee PN and Barnes JM (1956) The production of malignant primary hepatic tumors in the rat by feeding dimethyl nitrosaxnine. Br. J. Cancer, 10: 114.

Maity TK, Mandal SC, Mukha rjee PK (1998) Studies on anti-inflammatory effects of Cassia torn leaf extract (Fam, Legaminosae). Phytotherapy Research, 12: 221.

Maity P, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya P (2000) Neovascularization offers a new perspective to glutamine related therapy. Ind. J. Expt. Biol, 38: 88.

Manomani SD, Viswananthan VP, Subramonian S, Govindasamy S (1995) Biochemical studies on the' antiulcerogenic activity of Cavery-100, an Ayurvedic formulation in experimental ulcers. Ind. J. Pharmacol, 27: 101.

Marcocci L, Magcine JJ, Droy Le, Fair MT, Packer L (1994 a) The nitric oxide scavenging property of Ginkgo biloba extract. Egb 761. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Cornmun, 201: 748.

Martin DW, Mayes PA, Rodwell YW (1981) In: Harper's review of biochemistry, 18 th Edition. Lange Medical CA, pp 61.

Matrisian LM, Bowden G T, Krieg P, Fustenberger G, Briand JP, Leroy P Breathnach R (1986) The mRNA coding for the secreted protease transin is expressed more abundantly in malignant than in benign tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, 83: 413.

Mayer BN, Ferrigru NR, Putnam JE, Jacobson LB, Nichols DE, Mc Laughin JL (1982) Brine Shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Medica, 45: 31.

Mc Cord JM and Fridovich I (1969) Superoxide dismutase: an enzymatic function for erythrocuprien. J. Biol. Chem, 244: 6049.

Mc Comb RB (1983) The measurement of lactate dehydrogenase. In: Clinical analytical concepts in enzymology. HA Hamberger, IL Skokie (Eds) College of American pathologists. pp 157.

Mc Kinnell RG, Bmyneel EA, Mareel MM, Tweedell KS, Mekela P (1998) Temperature dependent malignant invasion in vitro by frog renal carcinoma- derived PNKT 48 cells. C h . Expt. Metastasis, 6: 49.

Mc Kinnell RG, Picciano DJ, Schaad JW (1979) Dominant lethslity in frog embryos after paternal treatment with triethylene melamine. Environ. Mutagen, 1: 221.

Mc Kinnell RG, Kren BT, Bergad R, Schulthies M, Byrne T, Schaad JW (1980) Dominant lethality in Xenopus laevis induced wit11 triethylene melamine. Teratog cancinog Mutagen, 1: 283.

Meishang J, Linig C, George OU, Karla VS, Cathy FT, Cristipher WWB, Harry HSF, Noman RF et al. (1997) Cancer chemo preventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. 275: 218.

Miischer CA, Park Y H, Clark D (1980) Antimicrobial isoflavonic and related substance from Glycyrrlziza glnbm. J. Nat. Prod, 43: (2) 259.

Mitelman F (1991) In: Catalogue of chromosome aberrations in cancer 4th Ed. (2 Vol) New York, Wiley-Liss.

Moller P and Walin H (1998) Adduct formation, mutagenesis and nucleotide excision repair of DNA damage produced by reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation product. Mutation Research, 410: 271.

Moron MA, Depierre JW, Mannerwick B (1979) Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase activities in rat liver. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 582: 67.

Murashige T and Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant, 15: 473.

Nagao M, Morita N, Yahagi J, Shirnizu M, Kuroyanagi M et.al. (1981) Mutagenecities of 61 fhvanoids an 11 related compounds, Environ. Mutagen, 3: 401.

Nair CKK, Parida DK, Non~ura T (2001) Radioprotectors in radiotherapy. J. Radiat. Res, 42: 21.

Nakamura Y, Colburn NH, Gindhart TD (1985) Role of reactive oxygen in tumor promotion: Implication of superoxide anion in promotion of neoplastic transformation in JB-6 cells by TPA. Carcinogenesis, 6: 229.

xvi

Nakayama TI Kimura T, Kodama MI Nagata C (1983) Generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion from active metabolites of naphthyhmine and aminoazo dyes: its possible role in carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 4: 765.

Newlands ES (1978) The current role of Cancer Chemotherapy, Br. J. Radiol, 51: 756.

Nishigaki I, Kuttan R, Oku H, Ashoori F, Abe H, Yagi K (1992) Suppressive effect of curcurnin on lipid peroxidation induced the rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCL) or 60Co irradiation. J. C h . Biochem Nutr, 13: 23.

Nowell PC and Hungerford DA, (1980 a) A minute chromosome in human granulocytic leukemia. Science, 132: 1497.

Oberley LW and Oberley TD (1988) Role of antioxidant enzymes in cell immortalization an transformation. Mol. Cell. Bio-Chem, 84: 147.

O'Brian CA, Ward NE, Weinstein IB, Bull AU, Marnett LJ (1988) Activation of rat brain PKC by lipid oxidation products. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 155: 1374.

O'Dwyer PJ, Leyland- Jones B, Alonso MT et al. (1985) Etoposide (VP-16- 213): Current sfatus of an active anticancer drug. N. Engl. J. Med, 312: 692.

Ohkawa HI Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem, 95: 351.

Oshirna H, Yoshie Y, Auriol S, Gilbert I (1998) Antioxidant and prooxidant actions of flavanoids: Effects on DNA damage induced by nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and nitroxyl anion. Free Rad. Biol. Med, 25: 1057.

Ozannc B, Richards CS, HPndler F, Burns D, Gusterson B (1986) Over expression of EGF receptor is a h a h a r k of squamous cell carcinomas. J. Pathology, 149: 9.

Parshad R, Tylor WG, Sanford KK, Camaller RFj Gamr R, Tarone R (1980) Florescent light-induced chromosome damage in human IMR-90 fibroblasts. Role of hydrogen peroxide and related free radicals. Mutat. Res, 73: 115.

Paul L, Huang, Philip L Peter Huang, Henry I, Sylvia LH (1992) Developing drugs from traditional medicinal plants. Chemistry and Industry, 8: 290.

Perchellet EM, Abney NL, Perechellet JP (1988) Stimulation of hydroperoxide generation in mouse skin treated with tumor promoting or carcinogenic agents in vivo. Cancer Lett, 42: 169.

Perchellet JP and Pechellet EM (1989) Antioxidants and multi stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin, Free Rad. Biol. Med, 7: 377.

xvii

Perchellet EM and Perchellet JP (1989) Characterization of the hydroperoxide response observed in mouse skin heated with tumor promoters in vivo. Cancer Res, 49: 6193.

Perry MA, Wadhawa S, Parks DA, Pickward W, Granger DN (1982) Role of oxygen radicals in ischemia induced lesions in the cat stomach. Gastroenterol, 90: 362.

PMan GC, RegiUo S Szabo (1987) Free radical and lipid peroxidation in ethanol or aspirin- induced gastric mucosal injury. Dig. Sci, 32: 1395.

Flulips J, Slaga TJ, Breathnach R, Bowden GT (1988) Expression pattern of gene for secreted metalloproteinase during late stage of tumor progression. Mol. Carcinogenesis, 1: 13.

Poron CM et al. (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast turnours. Nature, 406: 747.

Potmesil M (1994) Camptothecins from bench research to hospital wards. Cancer Res, 54: 1431.

Pott P (1775) In: Surgcal observations relative to the cataract, the polypus of the nose, the cancer of the scrotum, the different kinds of ruptures and mortification of the toes and feet. London: Hawkes, Clarke, and Collins.

Pryor WA, Fuller D L, Stanely JP (1972) Reactivity pattern of the methyl radical. J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 94: 1632.

Pryor WA (1987) The involvement of free radicals in carcinogenesis, In: Anticarcinogenesis and radiation protection. PA Cemtti, OF Nygaard and MG Simic (Eds), New York, Plenum Press.

Raj Bhandary SB, Collin' HA, Thomas E, Street HE (1969) Root, Callus and cell suspension cultures from Atropn balladonn L. and Atropn balladona cultivar Leutin Doll. AIIII, Bot., 33: 647.

Ralnaswamy S and Viswanathan S (1997) Influence of gossypin on the development of acute tolerance to morphine induced antinoceception. Ind. J. Expt. Biol, 35: 413.

Rebecca C, Daniel B, Yu S, Susan CK, Robert JC, Jason DM (1998) Antioxidants reduce cyclox y genase-2 expression, prostaglandin production and proliferation in colorectaT cells. Cancer Research, 58: 2323.

Redinbo M R Stewart L, Kuhu P, Champonx JJ, Hol WGJ (1998) Crystal structures of human topoisomerase I in covalent and non covalent complexes with DNA. Science, 279: 1504.

Rehn L (1895) Bladder tumors in Fuchsine workers. Arch K h Chir. 50: 588.

xviii

Reiners JJ, Pence BC, Barcus, MCS, Cantu AR (1987) 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate-dependent induction of xanthine dehydrogenase and conversion to xanthine oxidase in murine epidermis. Cancer Res, 47: 1775.

Renan MJ (1993) How many mutations are required for tumorigenesis? Implications from human cancer data. Mol. Carcinogenesis, 7: 139.

Rezazadeh H and Athar M (1998) Iron overload augments 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-initiated and 12-Oteradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate-promoted skin tumorogenesis, skin pharmacol. Appl. Skin phy siol, 11: 98.

Roja G and Heble MR (1994) The quinoline alkaloid, camptothecin and 9-methoxy camp tothecin from tissue cultures and mature trees of Nothapodytes foetida. Phytochemistry. 36: 65.

Ronald AJ, Mon-Young M, legge L, (1991) The set up of plant engineering considerations. Plant cell Tissue Org. Culture, 24: 139.

Rotestein JB, O'Connell JF, Slaga TJ (1987) A possible role of free radicals in tumor progression In: Anticarcinogenesis and radiation protection, edited by PA Cerutti, OF Nygaard and MG Simic (Plenum Press, New York), pp 211.

Roth GN, Chandra A, Nair MG (1998) Novel bioactivities of Curcumn longa constituents. J. Nat. Prod, 61: 542.

Ruggeri B, Caammano J, Goodrow T, Dirado M, Bianchi A, Trono D, Conti CJ, Kleil- Szanto AJP (1991) Alteration of p53 tumor suppressor gene during mouse skin tumor progression. Cancer Res, 51: 6615.

Sai K, Takagi A, Umemurg T, Hasegawa R, Kurokawa Y (1992) The protective role of glutathione, cysteine and vitamin C against oxidative DNA damage in rat Kidney by potassium bromate. Mutat. Res, 269: 113.

Saito K, Sudo H, Yamazaki M, Koseki- Nakamura M, Kitajima M, Takayama H, Aimi N. (2001) Feasible Production of Camptothecin by hairy root culture of Ophiorrhiza punlilin. Plant cell Reports, 20: 267.

Sakato K, Tanaka H, Mukai N, Misawa M (1974) Isolation and identification of camp tothecin from cells of Camp to theca accu minata suspension cultures. Agric. Biol. Chem. 38: 217.

Salun AS (1990) The sigruficance of removing oxygen derived free radicals in the treatment of acute and chronic duodenal in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 42: 64.

Sai~ghvi DL (1994) In: Abstract book 11-XVI international cancer congress, New Delhi, pp. 315.

xix

Sasaki N, Bertrand 0, Nakazawa H, Fitzgerald DT, Mirnov N, Yamasaki H (1998) Cell type specific ras mutation but no microsatellite instability in chemically induced mouse skin tumours and transformed 3T3 cells. Cancer Research,55: 3513.

Schiff PB, Fant J, Horwitz SB (1979) promotion of microtubule assembly in vitro by Taxol. Nature, 22: 665.

Sgnluness W (1978) Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B ,virus: Evidence for a casual associatiot~. Frog. Med. Virol, 24: 40.

Shamberger RJ (1972) Increase in peroxidation in Carcinogenesis. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst, 48: 1419.

Shirnizu Y, Kato H, Schull WJ, Preston DL, Fujita S, Pierce DA (1989) Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors; mortality 1950 - 1985. Part-I. Comparison of risk coefficients for site-specific cancer mortality based on the DS 86 and T65 DR shielded kerma and organ doses. Radiation Res, 118: 502.

Shylesh BS and Padlkkala J (2000) In vitro cytotoxic and antiturnour property of Emilia sonchlifoliu (L.) DC in mice. J. EthnopharmacoI, 73: 495.

Slater TF (1984) Free radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochem. J, 222: 1.

Slichenmyer WR, Rowinsky EK, Donehoucer RC, Kaufmann SH (1993) The current status of carnptothecin analogues as antitumor agents. J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 85: 271.

Smart RC, Hung MT, Zheng TH, Kaplan MC, Focella A, Conney AH (1987) Inhibition of TPA induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity, DNA synthesis and tumor promotion in mouse skin by ascorbic acid and ascorbyl palmitate. Cancer Res, 47: 6633.

Smith WA, Arif JM, Gupta RC (1988) Effects of Cancer chemopreventive agents on microsome - mediated DNA adduction of the breast carcinogen dibenzo(a1)pyrene. Mutat. Res, 412: 307.

Sofuni T and Ishidate MJR (1984) Induction of chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster cells in a superoxide generating system, Mutat Res, 140: 27.

Solanki V, Rana RS, Slaga TJ (1981) Diminution of mouse epidermal superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by tumor promoter. Carcinogenesis, 2: 1141.

Solomon J, Alexander MJ, Steinfeld JL (1963) Cyclophosphamide. A clinical study. J. Amer. Med. Assoc, 183.

Sporn MB (1996) The war on cancer. Lancet, 347: 1377.

Shba EJ (1985) Milestones in Plant tissue culture systems for the production of Secondary Products. J. Nat. Prod, 48: 203.

St ah1 E (1 969) Thin layer chromatography: A laboratory handbook. Springer International Student Edition, New York.

Steel GG aild Peckham MJ (1971) Exploitable mechanism and combined radiotherapy, the combined radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Ollcol. Biol. Phys, 5: 85.

Steel GG (1977) Growth Kinetics of tumors Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Steren A, Sevin BU, Pcrras J et al. (1993) Tax01 sensitizes human ovarian cancer cell to radiation. Gynecol. Oncol, 48: 252.

Shacke ML and Liotta LA (1992) Multi-step cascade of tumour cell metastasis In vivo, 6: 309.

Stutzman L, Ezdinti EZ, Stutznan MA (1996) Vinblastine sulphate Vs cyclophosphanide in the therapy for lymphoma. J. Amer. Med. Assoc, 195: 111.

Subramonian A, Evans DA, Rajasekharan S, Pushpangadan P (1998). Hepatoprotective activity of Trichopus Zeylamicus extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats. Ind. J. Expt. Biol, 36: 385.

Sudha CG and Seeni S (2001) Estabhshment and analysis of fast growing normal root cultures of Decnlepis nrayalpathra, a rare endemic medicinal plant. Current Science, 81: (4) 371.

Suffiness M and Douros J (1'982) Drugs of Plant Origin In: Devita V. Jr. Busch H (Eds) Methods in Cancer Research, Cancer drug development Part A. Vol. 26. Academic Press, New York, pp 73.

Surender S (1999) Evaluation of gastric anti-ulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocinlurn sanctunl Linn. and its possible mechanism of action. Ind. J. Exp t. Biol, 36: 253.

Surh YJ (1999) Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances. Mutation Research, 428: 305.

Surh YJ, Chum KS, Cha HH, Han SS, Keum YS, Park KK, Lee SS (2001) Molecular mechanisms underlying chemo pr eventive activities of anti inf l a m a tory phytochemicals: down regulation of COX-2 and iNOS through suppression of NF- KB activation. Mutation Res, 243: 480.

xxi

Tabata (1977) Recent advances in the production of medicinal substances by Plant cell cultures. In "Plant tissue culture and its biotechnological application" W Barz, E Reinhard and MH Zenk (Eds) Springer - verlag, Berlin and New York, pp 326.

Taffe BG and Kensler TW (1966) Modification of cellular oxidant defense mechanisms in mouse skin by multiple application of TPA. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res, 27: 148.

Taff e BG and Kensler TW (1986) Generation of free radicals from organic hydro peroxide tumor promoters by mouse epidermal cells. Pharmacologist, 28: 175.

Taffe BG, Takshashi N, Kensler TW, Mason RP (1987) Generation of free radicals from organic hydro peroxide tumor promoters in isolated mouse keratinocytes. J. Biol. Chem, 262: 12143.

Tafur S, Nelson JD, De Long DC, Suoboda G (1976) Antiviral colnponents of Ophiorrhiza nzungos, Isolation of camptothecin and 10-methoxy camptothecin. Llyodia, 39: (4) 261.

Teng M, Bartholomcw JC, Bissel MJ (1977) Synergism between anti microtubule agents and growth stimulants in enhancement of cell cycle traverse. Nature, 268: 739.

Thorpe TA (1978) Physiological and biochemical aspects of organogenesis In vitro. In: Frontiers of plant tissue culture 1978. TA Thorpe (Ed). University of Calgary Press, Canada, pp 49.

Timmins GS and Davies MJ (1993) Free radical formation in isolated murine kera tinocy tes treated with organic peroxides and its modulation by antioxidants. Carcinogenesis, 14: 1615.

Tishler RB, Schiff PB, Geard CR, Hall EJ (1992) Taxol: a novel radiation sensitizer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys, 22: 613.

Toyokuni S, Okamoti K, Yadoi J, Haiai H (1995) Persistent oxidation stress in cancer. FEBS. Letters, 358: 1.

Ullrich A and Schlessinger J (1990) Signal Transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell, 61: 203.

Urbach F (1993) Environmental risk factors for skin Cancer. Recent Res. Cancer Res, 128: 243.

Van Hengel A, Harkes MP, Wichers HJ, Hessehk PGM, Buitelaar RM (1992) Characterization of callus formation and camptothecin production by cell cultures of Ca~npto theca nccu~rrinnta. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cult, 28: 11.

xxii

Varley H (1964) In: Practical clirucaI biochemistry. 3rd Edition. William Heineman medical books, London, pp 1057.

Varn~us H (1989) An Historical overview of oncogenes In: Oncogenes and the molecular origins of cancer. Weinberg RA (Ed). Cold spring harbor NY: Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press, pp 3.

Verma RS (1990) The Genome. New York, VCH.

Verpoorte R, van der Hcijden R, van Gulik WM, ten Hoopen HJG (1991) In: The alkaloids. A Brossi (Ed) Rant biotechnology for the production of alkaloids: present status and prospects, 40: pp 1.

Verpoorte R, van der Heijden R, ten Hoopen HJG, Memelink J (1998) Metabolic engineering for the improvement of Plant Secondary metabolite production. Plant tissue culture and Bio-technology, 4:l.

Verpoorte R, van der Heijden R, ten Hoopen HJG, Memelink J (1999) Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolic pathways for the production of fine chenucals. Bio techno1 Lg tt, 21: 467.

Verpoorte R, van der Heijden R, Memehk J (2000) Engineering plant cell factory for secondary metabolite production. Transgenic Research, 9: 323.

Vogcl HG (1991) Similarities between various systems of traditional medicine. Considerations for the future of ethnopharmacology . J. Ethnopharmacol, 35: 179.

Vokes EE and W eichselbaum RR (1990) Concomitant Chemo radiotherapy. Rationale and chical experience in patients with soIid turnours. J. Clin. Oncol, 8: 911.

Wall ME, Walu MC, Cook CE, Palmer KH, Mc Phail AT, Sin GA (1966) Plant anti turnour agents I. The isolation and structure of camptothecin, a novel alkaloidal leukemia and tumor inhibitor from Canrptotheca accuminata. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 88: 3888.

Wall ME and Wani MC (1998) History and Future prospects of Camptothecin and taxol. In: Cordell GA (Ed) The Alkaloids Chemistry and biology. Vo1.50, Academic Press, San Diego pp 509.

Warren BS, Naylor MF, Winberg LD, Yoshimi N, Volpe JPG, Gimenez-Conti I, Slaga T (1993) Induction and inhibition of tumor progression. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med, 202:9.

Webber G, Shen F, P jda N, Yeh YA, Yang H, Mercnyiova M, Look KY (1996) Increased signal transduction activity and down regulation in human cancer cells. Anticancer Research, 16: 3271,

$

xxiii

Wei H and Frenkel H (1991) In vivo formation of oxidized DNA bases in tumor promoter treated mouse skin. Cancer Res, 51: 4443.

Wei L, Wei H, Freldsel K C (1993) Sensitivity of tumor promotion of Sencar and 570L/6J mice correlates with oxidative events and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis, 14: 841.

Weinberg RA (1995) The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell, 81: 323.

Weiss R, Teich N, Varmus H etal. (1982) RNA tumor viruses. Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

White PR (1 943) In: and book of plant tissue culture. Jacques Cattell Press, Lancaster, PA, pp 277.

Wiedenfeld H, Furmanova M, Roeder E, Guzewska J, Gustowski W (1997) Camptothecin and 10-hydroxy camptothecin in callus plantlets of Canzptotheca accuminata. Plant. Cell. tissue. Org. Cult, 49: 213.

Wilkinson JH (1976) In: The principles and practice of diagnostic enzymology. London, Edward Arnold.

Wfiarns GI (1991) Programmed cell death: Apoptosis and oncogenesis. Cell, 65: 1097.

Wilson RL (1975) Microtubules as drug receptors: pharmacological properties of microtubule protein. Ann Ny Acad Sci, 253: 213.

Wilson RL (1988) Free radicals and tissue damage mechanistic evidence from radiation studies in Biochemical mechanism of liver injury: Academic Press, New York, pp.

Winder CV, Lembke LA, Stephenes MD (1969) Comparative bioassay of drugs in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, fulfinarnic acid mefenamic acid and phenyl butazane. Arthritis Rheumatology, 12: 472.

Wink M (1985) In: Primary and secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. KH Neuman, W Barz, E Reinhard (Eds) Springer - Verlag, Berlin, pp 107.

Wink M (1988) Plant breeding: Importance of plant secondary metabolites for protection against pathogens and herbivores. Theo. Appl. Genet, 75: 225.

Winter CA, Risly EA, Nuss CW (1962) Carrageenan induced oedema in hind paw of the rats - an assay for anti inflammatory drugs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Mid, 111: 544.

Winterbourne CC (1985) Comparative reactivities of various biological compounds with myeloperoxidase - hydrogen peroxychloride. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 840: 204.

$ .

xxiv

Wong AH, Smith M, Boon HS (1998) Herbal remedies in psychiatric practice. Archives of General psychiatry, 55: 1033.

Wright WE, Pereira-Smith OM, Shay JIN (1989) Reversible cellular senescence implications for moralization of normal human diploid fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol, 9: 3088.

Yamada Y and Hashimoto T (1990) In: HJJ Nijakam, LHW Vander Plas, van Aurtrijk (Eds). Progress in plant cellular and Molecular biology. Dondrecht, Netherlands, Kluncer Academic Publishers, pp 547.

Yamamoto T, Yamane T, Takahashi T (1994) In: Food phytochemicals for Cancer prevention 11. Preventive effect of green tea polyphenols on colon carcinogenesis. CT Ho, T Osawa, MT Huang RT Rosan (Eds) American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp 51.

Yang L, Rowe TC, Liu FL (1985) Identification of DNA topoisomerase I1 as an intracellular target of antiturnour epipodophyllotoxins in siamian virus 40 infected monkey cells. Cancer Res, 45: 5872.

Yang XW, Gu Znh Wang BX Hattori M, Namba T (1991) Comparison of antilipid peroxidative effects of the underground parts of Notoperygium incisurn in mice. Planta Med, 57: 399.

Y i sun (1 990) Free radicals, antioxidant, enzymes and carcinogenesis, Free Rad. Biol. Med, 8: 583.

Yonish - Ronach E, Resnitzky D, Loten J et al. (1991) wild type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukemia cells that is inhibited by inter leukein-6. Nature, 352 : 345.

Y u BP (1994) Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species. Biol. Rev, 74: 139.

Zimmerman R and Cerutti PA (1984) Active oxygen acts as a promoter of transformation in mouse C3H/OT 1/2/C18 fibroblasts, Proc. Natl. Acad, Sci, 81: 351.

2 .

xxv