1

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§Ä:

eLqIcW amÀ¤§Ä

C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v emâv Bâv UnkmÌÀ amt\

tIcfkÀ¡mÀ

dh\yqþZpc´\nhmcWhIp¸v

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§Ä:

\Pvsaâv

2

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§Ä: eLqIcW amÀ¤§Ä

Prepared by : Ashna M.S

Guide : Amalraj M, Assisstant Professor

Editor : P.G Thomas, Director

First Edition, March 2019

This document/manual can be freely reviewed, reproduced or translated, in

part or whole, purely on non-profit basis for any non

academic purpose aimed at training or education promotion as cause for

disaster risk management and emergency response, keeping the source

acknowledged. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the authors to

verify the information and ensure stakeholder consultation and inputs prior to

publication of this document. The publisher welcomes suggestions for

improved future editions. However, the published material is being distributed

without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The

for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event

shall the authors or Institute of Land and Disaster Management be liable for

damages arising from its use.

This document was prepared under the project ‘Preparation of Handbook on

Crowd Management’ from the Plan Fund Scheme of the Institute of Land and

Disaster Management.

Published by

C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v emâv Bâv UnkmÌÀ amt

tIcfkÀ¡mÀ dh\yqþZpc´\nhmcWhIp¸v

© Rights reserved

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§Ä:

be freely reviewed, reproduced or translated, in

profit basis for any non-commercial and

academic purpose aimed at training or education promotion as cause for

disaster risk management and emergency response, keeping the source

acknowledged. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the authors to

stakeholder consultation and inputs prior to

publication of this document. The publisher welcomes suggestions for

improved future editions. However, the published material is being distributed

without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility

for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event

shall the authors or Institute of Land and Disaster Management be liable for

aration of Handbook on

Institute of Land and

UnkmÌÀ amt\Pvsaâv

3

dh\yqþZpc´ \nhmcW hIp¸v a{´n

ktµiw

Zpc´§Ä Ft¸mÄ thWsa¦nepw FhnsS thWsa¦nepw kw`hn¡mw. Cu Zpc´§Ä a\pjy\pw {]IrXn¡pw hfsc henb BLmX§Ä D­m¡p¶p­v. 2005  tZiob Zpc´ \nbaw \nehn h¶XpapX Zpc´ {]Xntcm[¯n

BLmX eLqIcW¯n\pw Du¶Â {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v Zpc´ \nhmcW hIp¸v thcnIbmWv. `qanimkv{X]camb {]tXyIXIfpw DbÀ¶ P\km{µXbpw \½psS kwØm\s¯ _lpapJ Zpc´ km[yXmtaJebm¡p¶p.

ssZh¯nsâ kz´w \m«nÂ, tIcfobÀ DÕh§fnepw BtLmj§fnepw hfsctbsd XmXv]cyapÅhcmWv. PmXnþaX t`Zat\y FÃm BtLmj§fpw AhÀ Hcpan¨v sImAXpsIm­v Xs¶ BtLmj§fn henb BÄ¡q«w D­mImdp­v. BÄ¡q«w D­mIp¶ Øe§fn Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew A]ISw D­mhm\pÅ km[yXtbsdbmWv. tIcf¯nÂ

]ebnS¯pw Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew A]IS§Ä kw`hn¨n«pap­v.Cu kmlNcy¯n Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§sf XSbp¶Xn\mbn kzoIcnt¡­ amÀ¤§sf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ Hcp ]pkvXIw ]pd¯nd¡p¶Xv hfsc {]kàcoXnbn BhnjvIcn¨ncn¡p¶ Cu ]pkvXIw s]mXpP\§Ä¡pw, Zpc´ \nhmcW DtZymKØÀ¡pw, hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pw, ]cn]mSnIfpsS kwLmSIÀ¡pw {]tbmP\{]Zamhs« F¶v Biwkn¡p¶p.

C. N{µtiJc³ nhmcW hIp¸v a{´n

tIcf kÀ¡mÀ

FhnsS thWsa¦nepw pw {]IrXn¡pw hfsc henb

BLmX§Ä D­m¡p¶p­v. 2005  tZiob Zpc´ \nhmcW nehn h¶XpapX Zpc´ {]Xntcm[¯n\pw Zpc´

pw Du¶Â \ÂInbpÅ nhmcW hIp¸v t\XrXzw \ÂIn

hcnIbmWv. `qanimkv{X]camb {]tXyIXIfpw DbÀ¶ s¯ _lpapJ Zpc´

m«nÂ, tIcfobÀ DÕh§fnepw BtLmj§fnepw hfsctbsd XmXv]cyapÅhcmWv. PmXnþaX

y FÃm BtLmj§fpw AhÀ Hcpan¨v sIm­mSp¶p. AXpsIm­v Xs¶ BtLmj§fn henb BÄ¡q«w D­mImdp­v. BÄ¡q«w D­mIp¶ Øe§fn Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

pÅ km[yXtbsdbmWv. tIcf¯nÂ

]ebnS¯pw Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew A]IS§Ä kw`hn¨n«pap­v. Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§sf

dn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ {]kàamWv. efnXamb

coXnbn BhnjvIcn¨ncn¡p¶ Cu ]pkvXIw nhmcW DtZymKØÀ¡pw,

hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pw, ]cn]mSnIfpsS kwLmSIÀ¡pw

C. N{µtiJc³

4

tUm. hn. thWp {]n³kn¸Â sk{I«dn

dh\yqþZpc´

ktµiw

tIcfw Hcp _lpapJ Zpc´ km[yXmtaJebmWv.

shÅs¸m¡w, DcpÄs]m«Â, Npgen¡mäv, Xo]nSp¯w, CSnan¶Â

XpS§nb Zpc´§fmWv IqSpXepw tIcf¯n D­mImdpÅXv.

DÕh§fpsS \mSmWv tIcfw. DÕh§f

henb BÄ¡q«w D­mImdp­v. BÄ¡q«s¯ IrXyambn

\nb{´n¡phm\mbnsæn AXv hfsc henb Hcp Zpc´ambn

amdntb¡mw. Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§Ä

a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\pw Ahsb Hgnhm¡p¶Xn

eLqIcn¡p¶Xn\pw DXIp¶ Hcp amÀ¤tcJbmWv Cu

ssI¸pkvXIw. Zpc´ Aht_m[ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw ]cnioe

]cn]mSnIÄ¡pw t\XrXzw \ÂIp¶ kwØm\

\nhmcW hIp¸nsâ ]T\, ]cnioe\, KthjW hn`mKamb

C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v em³Uv B³Uv UnkmÌÀ amt

FÃm kwcw`§Ä¡pw BiwkIÄ t\À¶psImÅp¶p

tUm. hn. thWp

tUm. hn. thWp IAS {]n³kn¸Â sk{I«dn

yqþZpc´ \nhmcW hIp¸v tIcf kÀ¡mÀ

tIcfw Hcp _lpapJ Zpc´ km[yXmtaJebmWv.

shÅs¸m¡w, DcpÄs]m«Â, Npgen¡mäv, Xo]nSp¯w, CSnan¶Â

XpS§nb Zpc´§fmWv IqSpXepw tIcf¯n D­mImdpÅXv.

DÕh§fn hfsc

henb BÄ¡q«w D­mImdp­v. BÄ¡q«s¯ IrXyambn

mbnsæn AXv hfsc henb Hcp Zpc´ambn

amdntb¡mw. Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§Ä

pw Ahsb Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\pw

pw DXIp¶ Hcp amÀ¤tcJbmWv Cu

§Ä¡pw ]cnioe\

\ dh\yq Zpc´

, KthjW hn`mKamb

C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v em³Uv B³Uv UnkmÌÀ amt\Pvsaânsâ

Åp¶p

tUm. hn. thWp IAS

5

]n.Pn.tXm

BapJw

Zpc´w F¶ hm¡v tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ a\Ên sXfnbp¶Xv

kp\man, `qI¼w, DcpÄs]m«Â, t_mw_v kvt^mS

F¶n§s\bpÅ Bi¦bpw `bhpw Dfhm¡p¶ {]Xn`mk§fmWv.

AXnhrãn D­mIpt¼mÄ shÅs¸m¡w AsænÂ

DcpÄs]m«ens\ `bs¸Sp¶Xv t]mse BÄ¡q«w ImWpt¼mÄ

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew A]ISw D­mImsa¶v

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew D­mbn«pÅ Zpc´§fn acn¨hcpsS

IW¡pIÄ kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv CXpw hfscb[nIw IcpXÂ

th­p¶ Hcp hn]¯msW¶mWv.

{]IrXn Zpc´§fmb `qanIpep¡w, kp\

F¶o {]Xn`mk§sf XSp¯v \nÀ¯m³ km[yaÃ. IrXyamb

ap³IcpXeneqsS ChbpsS BLmXw Ipd¡m³ km[n¡pw. F¶mÂ

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw a\pjysâ CSs]SÂ aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´amWv.

IrXyamb aps¶mcp¡§fneqsS Cu Zpc´s¯ XSbphm³

km[n¡pw. F¶n«pw A{i² aqew C§s\bpÅ Zpc´§Ä

kw`hn¨psIm­ncn¡p¶p.

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeapÅ Zpc´§sf¡pdn¨v

a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\pw AXns\ XSbm\pÅ amÀ¤§sf¡pdn¨v Adn

t\Sp¶Xn\papÅ Hcp hgnIm«nbmIs« Cu ssI¸pkvXIw.

]n.Pn.tXm

]n.Pn.tXm-akv IAS

UbdÎÀ, ILDM

tIcf kÀ¡mÀ

Ên sXfnbp¶Xv

w, DcpÄs]m«Â, t_mw_v kvt^mS\w

bpÅ Bi¦bpw `bhpw Dfhm¡p¶ {]Xn`mk§fmWv.

AXnhrãn D­mIpt¼mÄ shÅs¸m¡w AsænÂ

`bs¸Sp¶Xv t]mse BÄ¡q«w ImWpt¼mÄ

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew A]ISw D­mImsa¶v \mw IcpXmdnÃ.

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew D­mbn«pÅ Zpc´§fn acn¨hcpsS

qNn¸n¡p¶Xv CXpw hfscb[nIw IcpXÂ

\man, Npgen¡mäv

nÀ¯m³ km[yaÃ. IrXyamb

ap³IcpXeneqsS ChbpsS BLmXw Ipd¡m³ km[n¡pw. F¶mÂ

pjysâ CSs]SÂ aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´amWv.

cp¡§fneqsS Cu Zpc´s¯ XSbphm³

bpÅ Zpc´§Ä

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeapÅ Zpc´§sf¡pdn¨v

pÅ amÀ¤§sf¡pdn¨v Adnhv

Å Hcp hgnIm«nbmIs« Cu ssI¸pkvXIw.

]n.Pn.tXm-akv IAS

6

7

DÅS¡w

Title Page

No.

Chapter 1

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ Zpc´§Ä

1.1 BÄ¡q«w

1.2 BÄ¡q« km[yXbpÅ Øe§Ä

1.3 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

1.3.1 Hcp imkv{Xob hniIe\w

11

12

13

14

Chapter 2

2.1 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mb {][m\ A]IS§Ä

2.2 C´ybn D­mb A]IS§Ä

2.3 tIcf¯n D­mb {][m\ A]IS§Ä

16

18

19

Chapter 3

A]IS§fpsS {][m\ ImcW§Ä

3.1 LS\m]camb ImcW§Ä

3.2 Xo]nSp¯w

3.3 A\nb{´nXamb BÄ¡q«w

3.4 BÄ¡q«¯nsâ kz`mhw

3.5 \nb{´W kwhn[m\§fpsS t]mcmbva

3.6 kwLmSIcpsS GtIm]\w CÃmbva

22

23

23

24

25

26

Chapter 4

4.1 Xnc¡n AIs]«v t]mIp¶hÀ sNt¿­ Imcy§Ä

4.2 kwLmSIÀ {i²nt¡­ Imcy§Ä

4.3 BÄ¡q«w \nb{´n¡m\pÅ amÀ¤§fpw kÖoIcW§fpw

4.3.1 kµÀiIsc a\Ênem¡pI

4.3.2 Bkq{XWw

27

27

31

31

32

8

4.3.3 BÄ¡q«¯nsâ kz`mhw a\Ênem¡pI 32

Chapter 5

5.1 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw Zpc´ap­mIp¶ {]{Inb

5.2 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ ]cn¡pIÄ

33

34

Chapter 6

6.1 BÄ¡q«s¯ \nb{´n¡pI

6.1.1 {i²nt¡­ Imcy§Ä

6.1.2 {]hÀ¯\ tcJbp­m¡pI

6.1.3 GP³knIfpsS kao]\w

6.2 A]ISkm[yXIÄ AhtemI\hpw X¿msdSp¸pw

6.2.1 A]ISkm[yXIfpw ImcW§fpw

6.2.2 A]IS km[yX hniIe\hpw Bkq{XWhpw

6.3 hnhc§Ä bYmkabw Adnbn¡pI

6.3.1 ]cn]mSn¡v ap³]v kµÀiIÀ¡v \ÂtI­ hnhc§Ä

6.3.2 kµÀi\¯n\nsS \ÂtI­ hnhc§Ä

6.3.3 kwLmSIÀ¡pw DtZymKØÀ¡pw th­ hnhc§Ä

6.3.4 Xnc¡v \nb{´n¡p¶hÀ¡v \ÂtI­ hnhc§Ä

6.3.5 {]tZihmknIÄ¡v th­ hnhc§Ä

6.3.6 hnhc \nb{´Ww

6.4 kpc£m amÀ¤\nÀt±i§Ä

6.4.1 km[mcW kpc£m \nÀt±i§Ä

6.4.2 AKv\n, sshZypXn, sI«nS kpc£ \nba§Ä

6.4.3 kpc£m GP³knIfpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä

6.5 kuIcy§fpw AXymlnX hn`mKhpw

6.6 KXmKXhpw KXmKX \nb{´Whpw

6.7 Zpc´ \nhmcWw: Xn¡n\pw Xnc¡n\pw tijw

6.8 a\pjy\nÀ½nX Zpc´§fn am[ya§fpsS IÀ¯hyw

36

38

39

39

40

40

40

41

41

42

42

43

43

44

44

44

45

46

47

49

50

51

9

6.8.1 Xn¡n\pw Xnc¡n\pw ap³]v

6.8.2 Zpc´ kab¯v/Zpc´¯n\v tijw 51

51

Chapter 7

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw XSbphm\pff \nba§Ä

7.1 UnkmÌÀ amt\Pvsaâv BÎv 2005

7.2 tIcf t]meokv \nbaw 2011

52

52

A\p_Ôw

Hcp NXpc{i aoädn DÄs¡mÅphm³ Ignbp¶ BfpIÄ 56

tIkv Ìuokv 58

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mIpt¼mÄ {]hÀ¯nt¡­ hn[w (SOP) 64

sN¡v enÌv 69

t_knIv sse^v kt¸mÀ«v 73

References 75

10

]«nIIÄ

Title Page

number

Table

No.1 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew temI¯nsâ

hnhn[ `mK§fnep­mb {][m\

A]IS§Ä

16

Table

No.2 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew C´ybnÂ

D­mb A]IS§Ä

18

Nn{X§Ä

Title Page

number

Figure

No.1 Xnc¡p \nb{´Ww: \nÀ®mbI

LSI§Ä

30

Figure

No.2 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw Zpc´ap­mIp¶

{]{Inb

33

Figure

No.3 P\{]hmlw \nb{´n¡Â 36

11

Chapter 1

1.1 BÄ¡q«w (Crowd)

Hcp s]mXphmb Dt±iyt¯msS Asæn hnImct¯msS

P\§Ä ]et¸mgpw Iq«wIqSn \n¡mdp­v. aX]camb

NS§pIÄ, DÕh§Ä, cm{ãob PmYIÄ, ImbnI aÕc§Ä,

kwKoX ]cn]mSnIÄ, F¶n§s\bpÅ GsX¦nepw Bbncn¡pw

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ Dt±iyw. sdbvÂth tÌj\nepw kn\na

Xo¿Ádnepw hne¡ngnhn hn¸\ \S¡p¶ amfpIfnepw

C¯c¯nepÅ BÄ¡q«w ImWmhp¶XmWv.

BÄ¡q«s¯ A©mbn Xcw Xncn¡mw.

a) Casual Crowd (km[mcW BÄ¡q«w): Htc Øe¯v Htc

kabw IqSn\n¡p¶hÀ. ChÀ X½n {]tXyIn¨v Hcp

_Ôhpw CÃ.

DZm: Hcp henb \Kc¯nse Xnc¡pÅ tdmUv apdn¨v IS¡m³

\n¡p¶hÀ.

b) Conventional Crowd: {]tXyI Dt±iyt¯msS IqSn\nev¡p¶hÀ

DZm: kn\na ImWp¶hÀ, {]kwK§Ä tIÄ¡p¶hÀ

c) Expressive Crowd: Bthiw \ndª, {]tNmZn¸n¡p¶

Imcy§Ä¡mbn IqSnbhÀ. Ht¶m AXne[nItam hnImcw

{]ISn¸n¡p¶hÀ.

DZm: DÕh§Ä, cm{ãob PmYIÄ.

12

Conventional Crowd Ft¸mÄ thWsa¦nepw Expressive Crowd

BImw. DZmlcW¯n\v Hcp kn\na lmfnse ImWnIÄ kn\na

ImWp¶Xn XSÊw h¶m _lfw hbv¡p¶Xv.

d) Acting Crowd: hnImc`cnXcmb BÄ¡q«¯nt\¡mÄ Hcp ]Sn

apIfnÂ. GXv \nanjhpw F´pw sN¿m³ X¿mdmbn

\n¡p¶ P\¡q«w.

DZm: kn\na Xotbädn \n¶pw Xo]nSp¯w D­mhpt¼mÄ

c£s¸Sm³ {ian¡p¶ BÄ¡q«w

e) Protest Crowd: {]Xntj[ {]IS\§Ä \S¯p¶hÀ.

DZm: kacw, lÀ¯mÂ

1.2 BÄ¡q« km[yXbpÅ Øe§Ä

C´ybn ]eXcw kwk-vImc§fpw aX§fpw

\nehnep­v. Cu kwkvImc§fptSbpw BNmc§fptSbpw

`mKambn \nch[n BfpIÄ ]s¦Sp¡p¶ At\Iw

BtLmj§fpw DÕh§fpw \S¡p¶pap­v. aX]camb

kt½f\§Ä [mcmfw BfpIsf BIÀjn¡p¶p. lcnZzmÀ,

{]bmKv, \mknIv, DÖbn³ F¶nhnS§fn \S¡p¶ alm

Ipw`taf, ssakqcnse Zkd, Hdokbnse cY bm{X,

D¯tc´ybnse KtWi NXpÀ°n apXembh tZiobXe¯nÂ

Xs¶ {i²bmIÀjn¡p¶ henb BÄ¡q«ap­mIp¶

kt½f\§fmWv.

tIcf¯nepw FÃm aXhnizmknIfpw DÕh§fpw

NS§pIfpw BtLmjn¡mdp­v. Cu AtLmj§fnÂ

shSns¡«v, Xo]nSp¯w, BtLmj¯n\mbn F¯n¨ B\IfpsS

13

hnct­m«w apXembh aqehpw A]IS§Ä D­mImdp­v.

A¶Zm\w \S¯p¶Xpw BÄ¡q«s¯ BIÀjn¡p¶p.

i_cnae XoÀYmS\w, BäpIm s]m¦me, XriqÀ ]qcw,

aebmäqÀ XoÀYmS\w, CS¸Ån s]cp¶mÄ, Nµ\¡pS

atlmÕhw, _oam]Ån Ddqkv apXembh henb BÄ¡q«w

D­mImdpÅ Øe§fmWv.

1.3 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

tIcf kwØm\ Zpc´\nhmcW \bw (2010) A\pkcn¨v

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw Hcp a\pjy t{]cnX (Human Induced) Zpc´amWv.

henb BÄ¡q«w D­mImdpÅ Øe§fnemWv Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

D­mIp¶Xv. CXpaqew [mcmfw BfpIÄ¡v ]cn¡pw

Pohlm\nbpw kw`hn¡mdp­v. A]ISap­msb¶pÅ `bw

Asæn A]IS¯n s]«pt]mIptam F¶ `bw ImcWw

BÄ¡q«w NnXdn t]mhm³ {ian¡pt¼mgmWv km[mcWbmbn

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeapÅ Zpc´§Ä D­mIp¶Xv.

tIcf¯n Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw IqSpXembn ImWp¶Xv

XoÀYmS\ tI{µ§fnepw henb BtLmj ]cn]mSnIÄ \S¯p¶

Øe§fnepamWv. Xo]nSp¯w, sI«nS§fpsS XIÀ¨ apXembh

Xt¶bpw _m[nt¨¡mw F¶ `bamWv BÄ¡q«¯nse Hmtcm

hyàntbbpw NnXdn HmSphm³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xv. CSp§nb

Øe§fn DÄs¡mÅmhp¶Xne[nIw BfpIÄ

F¯nt¨cp¶Xpw izmkhmbp e`n¡msX sh{]mf¯n Xpd¶

{]tZi§fnte¡v k©cn¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xpw Xn¡n\pw

Xnc¡n\pw ImcWamIp¶p. BtLmj§fn BfpIfpsS [rXn,

A]IS§Ä, InwhZ´nIÄ, Iptd kabw Iyq \n¡pt¼mgpÅ

_p²nap«v F¶nhbpw Zpc´¯n\v ImcWamIp¶ LSI§fmWv.

14

XpdÊmb Øe¯nsâ e`yXIpdhv, \nc¸Ãm¯ `q{]tZiw,

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ km{µX F¶nh Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mIm\pff

km[yX Iq«p¶p. CXv IqSpXÂ _m[n¡p¶Xv kv{XoIÄ,

Ip«nIÄ, {]mbambhÀ, AwK]cnanXÀ F¶nhscbmWv.

IrXyamb ap³IcpXepIfpw ]²XnIfpw Ds­¦nÂ

C§s\bpÅ Zpc´§Ä Hgnhm¡m\mhpw.

aIchnf¡v DÕht¯mS\p_Ôn¨v i_cnaebnÂ

D­mIp¶ BÄ¡q«w, Courtesy: EOC k¶n[m\w 2018

1.3.1 Hcp imkv{Xob hniIe\w

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ hep¸¯nt\¡mfpw km{µXbmWv

{][m\w. BÄ¡q«w hepXsænepw Hcp NXpc{i aoädn 4

t]cn IqSpX D­mhp¶Xv A]ISIcamWv. (Crowd safety and

risk analysis, Prof. Dr.Keith Still) hyànIÄ ASp¯Sp¯v Xn§n

sRcp§n Ccn¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ¡v Hmtcmcp¯cmbn \o§phm³

15

km[n¡nÃ. Cu AhØbn Hgp¡ns\ \nb{´n¡p¶ Ne\

\nba¯n\v (Fluid Dynamics) hnt[bambn \o§p¶ shůnse

X·m{XIÄ t]mse am{Xta BfpIÄ¡v \o§m³

km[n¡pIbpÅq. Iq«¯nse HcmÄ hoWm AsænÂ

aämfpIÄ Xmsg hoW Bsf klmbn¡phm³ {ian¡pt¼mÄ

AhnsS Hcp hnShv krãn¡s¸Spw. Cu hnShnte¡v ]n¶mse

HgpIn hcp¶ BfpIÄ h¶v hogp¶p. Cu hogvN IqSpXÂ

hogvNIÄ¡pw hnShv krãn¡p¶Xn\pw ImcWamIp¶p. C§s\

BfpIÄ Hmtcmcp¯cpw aämfpIfpsS tZl¯v hogp¶tXm

Nhn«nsaXn¨v IS¶v t]mIp¶tXm aqew acWw hsc

kw`hn¡mw. (Ed Galea, Hajj Crush: How Crowd Disasters Happen, And

How They Can Be Avoided).

16

Chapter 2

2.1 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mb {][m\ A]IS§Ä

Sl.

No. Øew hÀjw

acn¨hcpsS

F®w

1. Ponte das barcas, Portugal; ]me¯nÂ

D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw 1809 6000

2.

Khodynka, Russia; Ahkm\ N{IhÀ¯nbpsS IncoS[mcW NS§n D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

1896 1389

3. Chongqing, China; t_mw_v sj«dnep­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

1941 4000

4. Galleria Delle grazie, Genoa,Italy; sdbn th SWen D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

1942 354

5.

Maha Kumbh mela, Allahabad, India; BfpIÄ _mcnt¡Uv XIÀ¯Xv aqew D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

1954 800

6. Lima,Peru; kvtÁUnb¯n D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

1964 300

7. Mina, Soudi Arabia; SWepIÄ Iq«nap«p¶nS¯v D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

1990 1426

8.

Baghdad bridge, Iraq; Nmthdm{IaWw D­mIpsa¶ InwhZ´nsb XpSÀ¶v D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

2005 953

9.

Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Petafsb

XpSÀ¶v ]me¯nep­mb Xn¡pw

Xnc¡pw

2010 357

10.

Mina, Soudi Arabia; A\nb{´nXamb P\{]hmlw aqew D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

2015 2268

Table No.1

17

Xn¡n\pw Xnc¡n\pw tijapÅ

Zriyw _mKvZmZv ]mew, CdmJv

(aX]camb NS§n NmthÀ

B{IaWw D­mIpsa¶

InwhZ´nsb XpSÀ¶v D­mb

A]ISw)

Xn¡n\pw Xnc¡n\pw tijapÅ

Zriyw Phnom Penh, Iwt_mUnb

(BtLmj¯n\nsS

]me¯nsâ c­v `mK¯v

\n¶pw BfpIÄ h¶v

Iq«nap«n ØeanÃmsX

h¶t¸mÄ D­mb A]ISw)

Hajj Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

(A\nb{´nXamb P\{]hmlw

aqew A]ISw D­mbn)

18

2.2 C´ybn Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mb A]IS§Ä

Sl.

No. Øew hÀjw

acn¨hcpsS

F®w

1.

U_-vhmfn, lcnbm\; k-vIqfnse sSân Xo]nSp¯s¯ XpSÀ¶v D­mb A]Isw

23/12/1995 446

2.

_dn]S, HUnj; aXkt½f\Xn\nsS Xo]nSp¯s¯ XpSÀ¶v D­mb A]Isw

24/02/1997 206

3.

D]lmÀ kn\na, UÂln; ]pI \ndª kn\na lmfn \n¶v ]pd¯v IS¡m³ {ian¨t¸mÄ D­mb A]Isw

13/06/1997 59

4.

i_cnae; ]¼ ln tSm¸n \n¶pw Xmtg¡v Cd§pt¼mÄ D­mb A]Isw

14/01/1999 52

5.

{io Ifp`mbn bm{X aÔctZhn t£{Xw, kXmc, almcm{ã; Xo]nSp¯s¯ XpSÀ¶v D­mb

A]ISw

25/01/2005 293

6.

ss\\ tZhn t£{Xw, lnamN {]tZiv; DcpÄs]m«Â D­msb¶ InwhZ´nsb XpSÀ¶v D­mb A]ISw

03/08/2008 163

7.

Nmap­ tZhn t£{Xw, tPm[v]qÀ, cmPØm³; _mcnt¡Uv XIÀ¶Xv aqeap­mb A]ISw

30/09/2008 249

8.

cmw Pm\In t£{Xw, {]Xm]vKÀ, D¯À{]tZiv; tKÁv adnªv hoWXv aqeap­mb A]ISw

04/03/2010 65

19

9.

i_cnae ]pÂtaSv; aIctPymXn ZÀi\w Ignªv aS§sh D­mb A]Isw

14/01/2011 102

10.

sdbnÂth tÌj³, Ael_mZv, D¯À{]tZiv; almIpw`taf kab¯v sdbnÂth tÌj\nse

Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw \S¸mew XIÀ¶p­mb A]Isw

10/02/2013 36

11.

c¯³KÀ, a[y{]tZiv; \hcm{Xn AtLmj¯n\nsS ]me¯nsâ ssIhcn XIÀ¶t¸mÄ D­mb A]Isw

13/10/2013 121

Table No.2

2.3 tIcf¯n Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mb {][m\

A]IS§Ä

1999 P\phcn 14 \v i_cnaebn D­mb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

tIcf¯n Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew A]IS§Ä

kw`hn¡mdpÅ Øe§fn H¶mWv i_cnae. \hw_À ]IpXn

apXÂ XpS§p¶ c­v amks¯ XoÀYmS\ ImeamWv

aÞeImew. Cu kabw Xangv\mSv, IÀWmSI, B{Ôm{]tZiv,

F¶nhnS§fn \ns¶Ãmw [mcmfw BfpIÄ i_cnaebnÂ

F¯p¶p. aÞeIme kam]\w aIchnf¡v DÕht¯mSp

IqSnbmWv. s]m¶¼eta«n sXfnbp¶ aIctPymXn

ZÀin¡phm³ [mcmfw `àP\§fmWv F¯pI. aIctPymXn

20

ZÀi\w IgnªmepS³ hgnIfnseÃmw Akmam\yamb

P\¯nc¡mWv A\p`hs¸Sp¶Xv.

aIctPymXn ZÀi\¯n\v tijw ]¼ ln tSm¸n \n¶pw

Xmtg¡v Cd§pt¼mÄ D­mb Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw s]«v 53

XoÀYmSIÀ acn¡pIbpw Ccp\qdne[nIw BfpIÄ¡v

]cnt¡Â¡pIbpw sNbvXp. acn¨hcn IqSpX t]cpw

A\ykwØm\§fn \n¶pÅhcmbncp¶p.

i_cnae ]pÂtaSv Zpc´w 2011

2011 P\phcn 14 \v CSp¡n PnÃbnse ]pÂtaSv F¶

kvYe¯v aIchnf¡v ZÀi\¯n\v tijw Xncn¨v

t]mIpt¼mgp­mb Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw s]«v 102 XoÀYmSIÀ

acWs¸SpIbpw 71 t]À¡v ]cnt¡Â¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

aIctPymXn ZÀi\w Ignªv aS§shbmWv A]ISw D­mbXv.

GItZiw 1.3 e£w XoÀYmSIcmWv At¶ Znhkw

kÔymkab¯v AhnsS XSn¨pIqSnbncp¶Xv. cm{Xn 8

aWntbmSpIqSn Hmt«mdn£bpw Po¸pw Iq«nbnSn¨p­mb Hcp

A]ISamWv Cu Zpc´¯nte¡v hgnsXfn¨Xv F¶v IcpXp¶p.

Cu kw`hw AhnsS \n¶pw Cd§ns¡m­ncp¶ BfpIfnÂ

]cn{`m´n ]c¯n. AXv Akmam\yamb Xn¡n\pw Xnc¡n\pw

ImcWamhpIbpw XoÀYmSIcpsS Pohlm\nbnÂ

Iemin¡pIbpw sNbvXp. B {]tZis¯ shfn¨Ipdhv Cu

kw`h¯nsâ B¡w Iq«n. AhnsS {]hÀ¯n¨ncp¶ 4 ISIfnse

shfn¨w am{Xambncp¶p kw`hkvYe¯v e`n¨ncp¶Xv.

acn¨hcn IqSpXepw B{Ôm{]tZiv, Xangv\mSv, IÀWmSI

21

F¶nhnS§fn \n¶pÅ XoÀYmSIcmbncp¶p. 3 t]À

tIcf¯n \n¶pw HcmÄ {ioe¦bn \n¶pambncp¶p.

]pÂtaSv A]ISap­mb kvYew

n¶pÅ XoÀYmSIcmbncp¶p. 3 t]À

n¶pambncp¶p.

22

Chapter 3

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ A]IS§fpsS {][m\

ImcW§Ä

Chsb Bdmbn Xcw Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p

3.1 LS\m]camb ImcW§Ä

LS\m]camb XIˬ

o _mcnt¡Unsâ XIÀ¨

o XmXvImenI ]mew

o XmXvImenI sI«nSw

hgnbnepÅ XSÊw (DZm: hgnbnte¡v IbÁn \nÀ½n¡p¶

XmXvImenI ISIÄ)

ZpÀ_eamb lm³Uv dbnÂ

shfn¨w Ipdª tImWn¸SnIÄ

ZpÀLSamb `q{]IrXn (DZm: ae{¼tZiw)

sNfn \ndª/hgp¡epÅ tdmUpIÄ

CSp§nb hgn

sN¦p¯mb Ibäw/Cd¡w

tamiw ImemhØ (DZm: \yq\aÀ±w)

hmbpk©mcanÃm¯ sI«nS§Ä

CSp§nb tImWn¸SnIÄ

{]thi\IhmSw, ]pdt¯¡pÅ hgn F¶nh Ip¸n¡gp¯v

t]mse CSp§nbXv Asæn F®¯n Ipdhv

Emergency exit sâ A`mhw

23

3.2 Xo]nSp¯w

XmXvImenI kÖoIcW¯nÂ/ISIfn D­mIp¶

Xo]nSp¯w

XmXvImenI ASp¸pIfnse ]mNIw

s]s«¶v Xo]nSn¡p¶ hkvXp¡Ä sIm­pÅ XmXvImenI

\nÀ½mWw (DZm: ¹mkvÁn¡v, XpWnIÄ)

AKv\nia\ D]IcW§fpsS A`mhw

Xo ]nSn¡pt¼mÄ BÄ¡q«¯n\p­mhp¶ ]cn{`aw

3.2.1 s]m«ns¯dn

A\phZ\obaÃm¯ Øe§fnse ]S¡ \nÀ½mWhpw,

hnÂ]\bpw

kpc£m am\ZÞ§Ä ]men¡msX \S¯p¶ shSns¡«v

3.2.2 sshZypXn

cm{XnIme¯v sshZypXn apS§pt¼mgpÅ `oXn

Iq«]emb\¯n Ahkm\n¡mw

kpc£nXaÃm¯ sshZypXn _豈 (tjmÀ«v kÀIyq«v

D­mIm³ km[yXbp­v)

A\ptbmPyaÃm¯ kzn¨v t_mÀUv LSn¸n¡Â

XmXvImenI P\tdädnse XIcmÀ

3.3 A\nb{´nXamb BÄ¡q«w

amÄ, kt½f\ thZnIÄ, F¶nhnS§fnepÅ

A\nb{´nXamb P\¯nc¡v

kpc£m \nÀt±i§Ä ]men¡mXncn¡Â

24

{]thi\ IhmSw Xpd¡m¯ kmlNcy§fn AXn\p

ap¶n XSn¨v IqSp¶hÀ krjvSn¡p¶ Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

{]thi\w \nb{´n¡m³ IgnbmsX hcp¶ kmlNcy§Ä

]pd¯nd§m\pÅ hgn ASªv InS¡pI/]q«nInS¡pI

{]thi\ hmXn s]s«¶v Xpd¡pI

]pdt¯¡v IS¡m³ Htc Hcp hmXnens\ B{ibn¡pI

\nb{´WanÃm¯ hml\ KXmKXw, ]mÀ¡nwKv

{Sm^nIv \nb{´n¡p¶Xn DÅ A]mIXIÄ

BfpIsf hcnbmbn \nÀ¯phm³ th­nbpÅ

kwhn[m\§fpsS Ipdhv

P\§Ä¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶Xn\p th­nbpÅ

D¨`mjnWnIfptSbpw aäpw Ipdhv

]e `mjbn DÅ \nÀt±i§fpsS A`mhw

3.4 BÄ¡q«¯nsâ kz`mhw

{]thi\/]pdt¯¡pÅ hmXnepIfn Xnc¡v Iq«p¶

at\m`mhw

]cn]mSn XpS§p¶ kab¯n\v ap³]pw tijhpw kt½f\

kvYet¯¡v Ibdm\pÅ {iaw

ZpcnXmizmk km[\§Ä/ k½m\§Ä/ Ifn¸m«§Ä/

`£Ww/ {]kmZw/ ]pX¸v/ ]Ww/ XpWn¯c§Ä

apXembh kuP\yambn hnXcWw sN¿p¶ Øes¯

Xnc¡v

Ie ImbnI Xmc§sf ImWphm\pw ssIsbm¸v

hm§m\papÅ Xnc¡v

amfpIfnse Hm^À kab¯v F¯p¶ BÄ¡q«w

kZÊnse Hgnª koäv e`n¡phm\pÅ Xnc¡v

]cn]mSnbpsS Sn¡äv e`n¡p¶Xn\pÅ Xnc¡v

25

]pdt¯¡nd§m\pw AIt¯¡v Ibdphm\pw Htc hgn

am{XapÅt¸mÄ D­mIm\nSbpÅ Xnc¡v

A¨S¡w CÃm¯ BÄ¡q« kz`mhw (DZm: hcnbnÂ

\n¡msX CSbn Ibdp¶ kz`mhw)

ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS A`mhw (DZm:`£Ww

IpSnshÅw, iuNmebw)

s{Sbn³ sshIp¶Xv aqetam ]cn]mSnIÄ XpS§m³

sshIp¶Xv aqetam tZjys¸«v \n¡p¶ BÄ¡q«w

s{Sbn³ hcp¶Xn\v sXm«pap¼v ¹mävt^mw amäpt¼mgpÅ

Xnc¡v

hn]coX Znibnte¡v BfpIfpsS s]«¶pÅ Hgp¡v (DZm:

s]«¶v asämcp hmXn Xpd¡pt¼mÄ)

Zpc´w aqeap­mIp¶ s]s«¶pÅ Hgn¸n¡Â

InwhZ´n {]Ncn¸n¡pI (DZm: Xo]nSp¯w, h\yarK§fpsS

km¶n[yw)

3.5 kpc£

BÄ¡q«s¯ \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\v aXnbmb skIyqcnän

Poh\¡mcpsS A`mhw

icnbmb ]²XnbpsS/cq]tcJIfpsS A`mhw

aXnbmb hbÀseÊv, hmÀ¯mhn\nab kwhn[m\w F¶nh

CÃm¯ kmlNcyw

BÄ¡q«s¯ \nb{´n¡phm³ aXnbmb hnhc§fpsS

e`yX¡pdhv

]»nIv A{UÊv knÌw, hm¨v ShÀ F¶nhbpsS A`mhw

CCTV IymadbpsS A`mhw, Ah ssIImcyw sN¿m\pÅ

AdnhnÃmbva

hgntbmc¡¨hS¡mÀ hgnbn XSÊw krãn¡p¶Xv

26

]cn]mSn Aet¦mes¸Sp¯m³ {ian¡p¶hsc

(Xo{hhmZnIÄ, kmaqly hncp²À, hnLS\hmZnIÄ)

Is­¯m³ IgnbmsX hcpI

saä UnsäÎÀ, t_mUn sN¡nMv F¶nhbpsS A`mhw

BÄ¡q«¯n\p t\sc shSnhbv¡pI, I®oÀ hmXIw

{]tbmKn¡pI

3.6 kwLmSIcpsS GtIm]\w CÃmbva

hnhn[ GP³knIfpsS (Stakeholders) HcpabnÃm¯

{]hÀ¯\§Ä

ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS A`mhw (DZm: hr¯nbpÅ

`£Ww, IpSnshÅw, iuNmebw)

IrXyamb Bibhn\nabw \S¡m¯ kmlNcy§Ä

27

Chapter 4

4.1 Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw AIs]«v t]mIp¶hÀ

sNt¿­p¶ Imcy§Ä

ssI DbÀ¯n apãn Npcp«n s\t©mSv tNÀ¯v hbv¡pI

(t_mI-vkÀ sN¿p¶t]mse). CXv s\©n\v Hcp kwc£W

IhNw \ÂIpw. IqSmsX \S¶v \o§phm³ Ipd¨v

Øehpw e`n¡pw

ASp¯pÅhsc XÅn AIäcpXv

_lfw hbv¡cpXv

Npäp]mSpw DÅ Øes¯ Ipdn¨v t_m[yw D­mIWw

]pd¯v IS¡m\pÅ Ffp¸ hgn a\Ênem¡n hbv¡Ww

adnªv hogmXncn¡m³ {i²n¡pI

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ Hgp¡n\v A\pkcn¨v kmhImiw \o§pI

]cn{`m´cmImXncn¡pI

sXän²mcW ]c¯p¶ ktµi§Ä Xnc¡n\nSbnÂ

{]Ncn¸n¡mXncn¡pI

A]IS kmlNcyw IrXyambn DNnX tI{µ§fnÂ

Adnbn¡pI

4.2 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mImXncn¡m³ kwLmSIÀ

{i²nt¡­ Imcy§Ä

ASnb´nc kmlNcy§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xn\v

IrXyamb ¹m³ D­mIWw

DÄs¡mÅphm³ Ignbp¶{X BfpIsf am{Xw IbänhnSpI

{]thi\ IhmShpw ]pdt¯¡nd§p¶ hgnbpw

hepXmbncn¡Ww (Ip¸n¡gp¯v t]mepÅh Hgnhm¡pI)

28

B]XvL«§fn Ffp¸¯n Cd§phm³ ]äp¶ hgn

D­mhWw

ASnb´nc sshZyklmbw \ÂIphm³ DÅ kÖoIcWw

D­mhWw

kwLmSIÀ, t]meokv, ^bÀt^mgvkv, BtcmKy, dh\yq

hIp¸pIfpambn IqSnt¨À¶v kpc£m]cnioe\w \S¯pI,

Bkq{XWw sN¿pI, A`ykn¡pIbpw sN¿pI

BÄ¡q«s¯ \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\pÅ kpc£m DtZymKØÀ

Bhiy¯n\v D­mIWw

{]hÀ¯\£aXbpÅ AKv\nia\ D]IcW§Ä

D­mhWw

s]mXphmbn Bibhn\nabw \S¯phm³ IgnbWw

(]»nIv A{UÊv knÌw)

s]s«¶v XIcm¯ XmXvImenIsI«nS§Ä,

_mcnt¡UpIÄ apXembh ]WnbpI

]pd¯v IS¡phm³ DÅ hgnIÄ IrXyambn

ASbmfs¸Sp¯pI

Bhiy¯n\v shfn¨w D­mIWw. FSp¯v amämhp¶ Xcw

shfn¨ kwhn[m\§Ä Dd¸m¡pI (DZm: ASKA sseäv)

KXmKX¯n\v Bhiyamb Øew D­mIWw

]mÀ¡nwKn\v Bhiy¯n\v Øew D­mIWw

hgntbmc¡¨hSw Øew Ds­¦n am{Xw A\phZn¡pI

AS¨n« thZnIfn hmbpk©mc¯n\p th­nbpÅ

P\epIfpw hmXnepIfpw Bhiy¯n\v D­mhWw

{]thin¡m\pw ]pd¯v IS¡m\pw Htc hgn Xs¶

\ÂIcpXv

hmXnepIÄ¡v Bhiy¯n\v hep¸w D­mIWw

29

AXymhiyL«§fn ]pd¯v IS¡m³ DÅ hgnIfpsS

`q]Sw FÃmhÀ¡pw ImWmhp¶ Xc¯n hbv¡pI

FaÀP³kn FI-vknäpIÄ ASnb´nckmlNcy¯nÂ

Ffp¸¯n Xpd¡mhp¶ coXnbnepÅhbmWv F¶v

Dd¸m¡pI

tam¡v {Un \S¯pI

B\bnSbpI, h\yarK§fpsS B{IaWkm[yX, Imf, ]ip

apXembhbpsS hnct­m«w F¶nh IcpXn {]hÀ¯n¡pI

AXymhiy hn`h§Ä e`yamIp¶ Hcp ]«nI X¿mdm¡n

hbv¡pI. (acp¶pIÄ, càZm\w sN¿p¶hÀ, aäp

klmbn¡m³ Ignbp¶ hyànIÄ, sPkn_n apXemb

D]IcW§Ä, hyXykvX `mj ssIImcyw sN¿p¶hÀ, aäp

kwØm\§fnse Zpc´ \nhmcW hn`mKw t^m¬

\¼dpIÄ...)

am[ya§Ä¡v {]tXyIØm\w \ÂIpI

shSns¡«v \S¯p¶Xn\mbn FÃm X¿msdSp¸pIfpw

\nbam\pkrXambn \S¯pI

sshZypX P\tdäÀ D­mbncn¡Ww

VIP IÄ¡v t]mIphm³ {]tXyI hgn Hcp¡pI

CCTV Iymad \nco£Ww \S¯pI

t{UmWpIfpsS tkh\w hn\ntbmKn¡pI

FÃm GP³knIfpw Hcpan¨v {]hÀ¯n¡pI

ASnb´nc kmlNcy¯n _Ôs¸tS­ BfpIfpsS

t^m¬\¼À {]ZÀin¸n¡pI

DtZymKØÀ¡v AhchcpsS NpaXeIÄ IrXyambn

G¸n¡pI

kwLmSIÀ FÃm D]IcW§fpw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ps­¶v

Dd¸v hcp¯pI

30

Xnc¡p\nb{´Ww: \nÀ®mbILSI§Ä

Fig. No.1

31

4.3 BÄ¡q«w \nb{´n¡m\pÅ amÀ¤§fpw

kÖoIcW§fpw

4.3.1 kµÀiIsc a\Ênem¡pI

Hcp ]cn]mSn Bkq{XWw sN¿pt¼mÄ kµÀiIsc

a\Ênemt¡­Xv A\nhmcyamWv. GXv Xcw (aX]cw, ImbnIw,

kwKoXw, cm{ãobw), FhnsS \S¡p¶p (XmXvImenI thZn/Ønc

thZn, XpdÊmb/AS¨pd¸pÅ, Ip¶v, sdbvÂth tÌj³)

Ft¸mÄ \S¡p¶p F¶o Imcy§fn \n¶v GXpXcw

kµÀiIcmsW¶v a\Ênem¡mw.

Cu Imcy§fpw ap³ A\p`h§fpw h¨v HcmÄ¡v

AhnsS D­mIp¶ P\¡q«¯nsâ kz`mhw ap³Iq«n

a\Ênem¡mw, D­mIp¶ BfpIfpsS GItZi F®hpw

[mcWbmIpw. AXnsâ `mKambn DÅ GP³knItfbpw

a\Ênem¡Ww (I¨hSw, kmaqlnIw, BkzmZIÀ, cm{ãobw,

aX]cw). CXn\v CS¡v D­mIm³ km[yX DÅ tamãm¡Ä,

Xo{hhmZnIÄ, kmaqly hncp²À F¶nhscbpw a\Ênem¡Ww.

{]tZihmknIÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶ FÃm hgnIfpw

a\Ênem¡Ww. am[ya{]hÀ¯IÀ¡v {]tXyI Øew \ÂIWw.

C´ybn XoÀYmS\ tI{µ§fnemWv IqSpXembpw

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mIp¶Xv. Ah ØnXn sN¿p¶ Øew

BWv CXnsâ {][m\ ImcWw

aeapIfn ØnXnsN¿p¶p, \nc¸Ãm¯ `q{]tZiw

CSp§nb Ip¯s\bpÅ Ibäw/Cd¡w

I¨hSw sIm­v IqSpXÂ CSp§nb hgn

32

cm{Xnbnse shfn¨¡pdhv

DcpÄs]m«Â km[yXbpÅ Øe§Ä

h\¯nsâ km¶n[yhpw h\yarK§fpsS B{IaW

km[yXbpw

4.3.2 Bkq{XWw

kwLmSIÀ kµÀi\ thZnbn Bhiyamb ASnØm\

kuIcy§Ä Hcp¡nbn«p­v F¶v Dd¸m¡pI. kµÀiIÀ¡mbn

ZoÀLIme ho£WapÅ ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä

Hcpt¡­Xp­v.

FÃm kµÀiIcpw IS¶pt]mIp¶ Øe§fnÂ

CS¡nS¡v hn{iatI{µ§Ä thWw. shÅw, `£Ww, Ccn¸nSw,

hr¯n F¶nh XoÀ¨bmbpw thWw. kµÀiIsc

\nco£n¡m\pÅ kuIcyw thWw. ASnb´nc kmlNcy§fnÂ

Hgn¸nt¡­nhcp¶ BsI BfpIfpsS F®w

a\Ênem¡nbncn¡Ww. km[mcW D]tbmKn¡p¶ s]mXphgn

AÃmsX ASnb´ncL«§fn k©cn¡phm\pÅ

Ffp¸hgnIfpw D­mbncn¡Ww

4.3.3 BÄ¡q«¯nsâ kz`mhw a\Ênem¡pI

aäpÅhcpsS kz`mhw Nnet¸mÄ Hcp hyànbpsS

kz`mhs¯ kzm[o\n¨p F¶v hcmw. \nbahncp²amb

Imcy§Ä NneÀ sN¿p¶Xv aäpÅhÀ

A\pIcn¡phm\nShcp¶p. ap³ ]T\§Ä ]dbp¶Xv

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ kz`mhw a\Ênem¡p¶XneqsS, kmaqlnIamb

kao]\¯neqsS BÄ¡q«s¯ \nb{´n¡phm³ BIpw

F¶XmWv (_ew {]tbmKn¡m³ CS hcnÃ).

33

Chapter 5

5.1 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw Zpc´ap­mIp¶ {]{Inb

NDMA ssKUvsse³kv {]Imcw Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

Zpc´ap­mIp¶ {]{Inb Xmsg tNÀ¡p¶p

FIST kmlNcy§Ä Xn¡n\pw Xnc¡n\pw ImcWamIp¶p

Fig No.2

34

F - Crowd force (BÄ¡q«¯nsâ hen¸w)-

I - Information upon which the crowd acts [(Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mIp¶Xnt\m atäsX¦nepw {]hÀ¯\¯nt\m apXncp¶Xv

ImcWamIp¶ hnhc§Ä (bYmÀ°/sXämb hnhcw)]

S - Physical space (Øe kuIcyw)

T - Time duration (kab ssZÀLyw)

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw Zpc´¯nsâ ImcW§Ä an¡hbpw

a\pjy \nÀ½nXamWv. CXv ka{Kamb Bkq{XWw, Ipäaä

IrXy\nÀhlWw F¶nhbneqsS XSbmhp¶XmWv. icnbmb

coXnbnepÅ kÖoIcW§Ä Zpc´w D­mhm\pÅ

km[yXIsf CÃmXm¡p¶p.

C´ybnepw aäp hnIkzc cmPy§fnepw

Bcm[\meb§fnepw aX]camb NS§pIfpsS kab¯pw

BWv Xn¡pwXnc¡pw D­mIp¶Xv. hnIknXcmPy§fnÂ

tÌUnbw, kwKoX thZn, \nim¢_pIÄ, tjm¸nwKv amÄ

F¶nhnS§fnemWv Zpc´w D­mhmdpÅXv. P\kwJy

IqSp¶Xpw s]s«¶pÅ \KchXvIcWhpw C´y³ \Kc§fnepw

C¯c¯nepÅ Zpc´¯n³sd km[yX Iq«p¶p.

5.2 Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqeap­mIp¶ ]cn¡pIÄ

hogpt¼mÄ D­mIp¶ ]cn¡pIfmWv BZyw kw`hn¡pI.

XpSÀ¶v aäv BfpIÄ hoWp InS¡p¶hsc Nhn«n saXn¨v

t]mIpt¼mÄ kw`hn¡mhp¶ £X§fmWv D­mhpI. izmkw

In«msX Ipgªv hogm\pw km[yXbp­v. ]cn¡v aqetam

35

Npänepw DÅhÀ s\©nsâ `mKw AaÀ¯p¶Xv aqetam

izmkXSÊw D­mImw. icoc¯n GXv `mK¯pw

]cnt¡Â¡phm³ km[yXbp­v. AXpaqew FÃpIÄ¡v

s]m«tem Øm\Ne\tam kw`hn¡m\nSbp­v. C¯c¯nÂ

FÃpIÄ s]m«n s\©nse/DZc¯nse B´cnImhbh§fnÂ

£Xw G¡p¶Xv aqew D­mIp¶ ]cn¡n\m acWw hsc

kw`hn¡mw. (Pneumothorax, haemothorax, flail chest, internal

haemorrhage, splenic laceration, liver laceration etc)

lrZb¯n\v G¡p¶ ]cn¡n\m lrZb kvXw`\w,

cà{kmhw F¶nh kw`hn¡m\nSbp­v. Xe¡v G¡p¶

]cn¡v IqSpXembpw \mUo kw_Ôamb {]iv\§Ä¡v

ImcWamIpw. hmcnsbÃpIÄ¡v s]m«Â, tXmsfÃv

s]m«Â/Øm\Ne\w, s\©nse ]cn¡v, F¶nhbmWv

{][m\ambpw icoc¯nt\¡p¶ ]cn¡pIÄ

ta hnhcn¨h IqSmsX Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mIm\pÅ

ImcWw A\pkcn¨v (DZm: Xo]nSp¯w) s]mÅÂ

sshZypXmLmXw F¶nh kw`hn¡m\pw km[yXbp­v.

(t_knIv sse^v kt¸mÀ«v \ÂtI­p¶ hn[w

A\p_Ô¯n (Page number 73, 74) DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p.)

36

Chapter 6

6.1 BÄ¡q«s¯ \nb{´n¡pI

Fig No.3

BfpIsf XSªp \nÀ¯n B {]tZi¯n\v

DÄs¡mÅphm³ Ignbp¶{X BfpIsf am{Xw IbänhnSpI

F¶XmWv Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\v BtKmfXe¯nÂ

A\phÀ¯n¡p¶ coXn. BfpIsf \nb{´n¡p¶ Øe§fnÂ

\n¶pw hnhc§Ä I¬t{SmÄ dqw Asæn EOC (Emergency

Operations Centre) bnte¡v Adnbn¡pI. hnhc§Ä ]cntim[n¨v

37

IrXyamb \nÀt±i§Ä EOC bnÂ\n¶pw Hmtcm Øet¯¡pw

\ÂIpI.

Nne Øe§fn DÄs¡mÅmhp¶Xns\¡mÄ A[nIw

BfpIÄ F¯p¶p. CXv A\nb{´nXamb Xnc¡n\p

ImcWamIp¶p. C¯cw kmlNcy§fn Xnc¡v

\nb{´n¡p¶Xn\mbn Xmsg ]dbp¶ amÀ¤§Ä

Ahew_n¡mhp¶XmWv.

o Xnc¡nÃm¯ kabw Adnbn¡pI

o ap³KW\ Iyq, ap³Iq«n Asæn C³dÀs\äv hgn

_p¡v sNbvXhÀ, hnsF]nIÄ XpS§nbhsc

Xnc¡nÃmsX kµÀin¡phm³ A\phZn¡pI

o Hcp hit¯¡v am{Xw KXmKXw

A\ph[n¡pI/t{]mÕmln¸n¡pI

o km[mcW Xnct¡dnb KXmKX kabw A\pkcn¨v

]cn]mSnbpsS kabw {IaoIcn¡pI

o kµÀi\ e£yw kw_Ôn¨v IrXyamb [mcW

CÃm¯hÀ¡v BNmcm\pjvTm\§sf/Imcy]cn]mSnIsf

kw_Ôn¨v hnhc§Ä {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶Xv hgn IyqhnÂ

\n¡pt¼mÄ hmbn¡p¶Xn\pw apjn¸v

Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\pw kµÀiIcpsS {IaclnXamb

k©mcw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\pw klmbn¡pw. Cu

tcJs¸Sp¯epIÄ Iyqhnsâ thKw Ipd¡p¶Xn\v

ImcWamIcpXv.

o I¬t{SmÄ dqw/EOC (Emergency Operations Centre) Øm]n¡pI

BNmc{]ImcapÅ khntijXIÄ, `q{]IrXn F¶nhaqew

Nne Øe§fn IqSpX BfpIsf DÄs¡mÅn¡m\mInÃ.

38

C¯cw kmlNcy§fn hfsc t\cw IyqhnÂ

Im¯p\n¡p¶Xv kµÀiIcn am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb

k½À±w krãn¡mw.

o C\n F{X kabw IqSn Im¯ncn¸v th­nhcpw F¶Xv

kw_Ôn¨v IrXyamb Adnbn¸v \ÂIp¶Xv Cu k½À±w

Ipd¡pw

o apjn¸v Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\v IrXyamb hnhc§Ä

\ÂIp¶Xns\m¸w Snhn, tdUntbm, kwKoX ]cn]mSnIÄ

F¶nh {]ZÀin¸n¡pI

o Hm¬sse³ _p¡nwKv hgn Iyqhn \n¡m\pÅ kabw

]camh[n Ipdbv¡pI

o kµÀiIsc XcwXncn¡pI (kv{XoIÄ, Ip«nIÄ, hr²À,

`n¶tijn¡mÀ, IpSpw_w)

o hr¯nbpÅ hn{iatI{µw, `£Ww, shÅw, iuNmebw

F¶nh e`yam¡Ww

o Ccn¡m\pÅ kuIcyw GÀs¸Sp¯pI

o ap³KW\ th­hÀ¡v \ÂIpI

6.1.1 BÄ¡q« \nb{´Ww \S¯pt¼mÄ {i²nt¡­

Imcy§Ä

ZoÀLho£WapÅ ]²Xn kzoIcn¡pI

BÄ¡q«w \nb{´n¡p¶ BfpIÄ Htc Xc¯n hkv{Xw

[cn¡pI (s]s«¶v ImWp¶ Xc¯nepÅ bqWnt^mw)

BÄ¡q«w \nb{´n¡p¶ BfpIÄ¡v Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw

]ckv]chpw BÄ¡q«t¯mSpw kwkmcn¡phm³

Bibhn\nab am[ya§Ä D­mIWw (VHF radio & Mega phone)

39

]pdt¯¡nd§m³ DÅ hgn Bhiy¯n\v D­mIWw.

IqSmsX XSÊ clnXhpw Bbncn¡Ww

BÄ¡q«s¯ \nc´cw \nco£n¡pI

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ {i² s]s«¶v e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn

^vfqdskâv Pm¡äv [cn¡pIbpw hnknÂ

D]tbmKn¡pIbpw sN¿pI

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ XmXv]cy§Ä a\Ênem¡n apt¶ Iq«n

{]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡pI

6.1.2 {]hÀ¯\ tcJbp­m¡pI

Øe Bkq{XWw, ]cnkc Bkq{XWw, {][m\ ]²Xn

(sam¯w ]cn]mSnbpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä DÄs¡mÅn¨v

sNt¿­p¶ amÀ¤§Ä, A]IS kab¯v {]hÀ¯nt¡­

amÀ¤§Ä F¶nh AS§nb ]²Xn)

A]ISw Xncn¨dnbp¶ {]{Inb

A]ISw \nb{´n¡p¶ {]{Inb

X¿msdSp¸v hnebncp¯Â, Xo]nSp¯w/sshZypXn kpc£,

Iyq \nb{´Ww

Bibhn\nab ]²Xn

kaqlw, NGO IfpsS CSs]SÂ, ]cnioe\ ]²XnIÄ

{][m\s]« t^m¬ \¼dpIÄ

]cn]mSnbpsS ka{Kamb ssI¸pkvXIw

6.1.3 GP³knIfpsS kao]\w

NGOIÄ, k-vIqfpIÄ, tImtfPpIÄ, ASp¯pÅ

skmsskänIÄ, Iq«mbvaIÄ, I¨hS Iq«mbvaIÄ

F¶n§s\bpÅ GP³knIÄ¡v IqSn ]cn]mSnbpsS

40

\S¯n¸n ]¦mfn¯w \ÂInbm \à Hs¯mcpatbmsS

{]hÀ¯n¡m\mIpw

6.2 A]ISkm[yXIÄ: AhtemI\hpw X¿msdSp¸pw

6.2.1 A]ISkm[yXIfpw ImcW§fpw I­p]nSn¡pI

ap³ hnhc§Ä h¨v Zpc´¯n\v ImcWamIp¶

A]ISkm[yXIÄ I­p]nSn¡pI. Bkq{XW kwLmwK§Ä

ap³]v D­mbn«pÅXpw D­mIm³ km[yXbpÅXpamb

A]ISkm[yXIÄ ]¦phbv¡pI. AhÀ `cWm[nImcnIÄ/

SDMA/DDMA F¶nhcpambn IqSnt¨À¶v {]hÀ¯n¡Ww. B

Øe¯v ap³Ime§fn {]hÀ¯n¨n«pÅ DtZymKØÀ/

`cWm[nImcnIÄ F¶nhcn \n¶v B Øes¯ P\kwJy,

Øe]cnanXnIÄ, IpdhpIÄ, {]iv\apÅ Øe§Ä

F¶nhbn \n¶v A]IS km[yXIÄ a\Ênem¡mw.

6.2.2 A]IS km[yX hniIe\hpw Bkq{XWhpw

A]ISw D­mIm³ km[yXbpÅ ImcW§fpw/

Zpc´¯n\v ImcWamtb¡mhp¶ Imcy§fpw I­p]nSn¨v

AXnsâ A]IS km[yXIÄ, AXnsâ Xo{hX, ^ew F¶nh

AhtemI\w sN¿Ww.

Øe AhtemI\¯n BKa\ \nÀKa\ hgnIÄ

]p\x]cntim[n¡Ww, thZnbnse LS\IfpsS ØncX,

ASnb´nc KXmKX kuIcyw F¶nh DÄs¸Sp¯Ww. A]IS

km[yXm taJeIfpsS am¸v (lkmÀUv am¸nwKv) D­m¡pI.

41

6.3 hnhc§Ä \nb{´n¡pI/ bYmkabw Adnbn¡pI

BÄ¡q«s¯ \nb{´n¡phm³ icnbmb hnhc§Ä

IrXyambn Adnbn¡p¶Xv Hcp {][m\ ImcyamWv.

kµÀiIcpambn Bibhn\nabw \S¯p¶Xpw AXneqsS

IrXyamb hnhcw ssIamdp¶Xpw km[mcW,

Zpc´/AXymlnX kab§fn \nÀ®mbIamb LSIw BWv.

AXpt]mse ]cn]mSn Bkq{XIÀ, kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØÀ,

skIyqcnän hn`mK§Ä, NGOIÄ, am[ya§Ä, {]tZihmknIÄ

F¶nhÀ¡v X½n IrXykab¯v hnhcw ssIamdp¶XneqsS

Zpc´§Ä Hgnhm¡m\mhpw.

6.3.1 ]cn]mSn¡v ap³]v kµÀiIÀ¡v \ÂtI­

hnhc§Ä

]cn]mSn¡v apt¶ {]mtZinI Nmt\entem ]{X¯ntem

]cn]mSnsb ]än IrXyamb kw{Klw Adnbn¡p¶Xv

AhnsS hcp¶hÀ¡v `q{]tZiw, ImemhØ, kÖoIcWw

XpS§nbhsb ]än GItZi [mcW e`n¡p¶Xn\v

klmbn¡p¶p

sIm­pt]mImhp¶Xpw AcpXm¯Xpamb km[\§Ä

Fs´ms¡ F¶v \nÀtZin¡pI (`£Ww, shÅw, Bbp[w

samss_ t^m¬, Xos¸«n, Kymkv ASp¸pIÄ)

]cn]mSnIfpsS ]«nIbpw, Bcw`n¡p¶ kabhpw

Xnc¡pÅ Znhkw/kabw, GItZi Im¯ncn¸v kabw

t]meokv, ^bÀ t^mgvkv, Bw_pe³kv F¶nhcpsS

\¼dpIÄ

cPnkvt{Sj\v BhiyapÅ km[\§Ä

42

KXmKX kuIcy§Ä, kab§Ä (hcphm\pw

t]mIphm\pw)

Hmtcm Iyqhnsâbpw e£yw IrXyambn hnhcn¡p¶

t_mÀUpIÄ Iyqhnsâ Bcw`¯n Xs¶ Øm]n¡Ww

6.3.2 kµÀi\¯n\nsS \ÂtI­ hnhc§Ä

kµÀiIcpsS kpKaamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v sNt¿­Xpw

sN¿m³ ]mSnÃm¯Xpamb Imcy§Ä

`£Ww, shÅw, iuNmebw, t]meokv tkhmtI{µw,

hnhcmt\zjW tI{µw

{][m\s¸« Øe§Ä ASbmfs¸Sp¯nb `q]Sw,

Nq­p]eI F¶nh D­mIWw (DZm: thZn, `£WimeIÄ,

Bip]{XnIÄ, t]meokv tÌj³, hcphm\pw t]mIphm\pw

DÅ hgnIÄ, ‘\n§Ä ChnsS’)

thZnbpsS Npänepw DÅ hgnIÄ

{]Ya ip{iqj kwhn[m\¯nte¡v F¯m\pÅ {]thi\

amÀ¤§Ä

AXymlnX kab¯v t]mIphm\pw hcm\papÅ hgn

Iyq XpS§p¶ kabw, GItZi Im¯ncn¸v kabw

6.3.3 kwLmSIÀ¡pw DtZymKØÀ¡pw th­ hnhc§Ä

ap³Ime§fn F¯nb BÄ¡q«¯nsâ F®w, {Iaw F¯p¶ kabw, hcp¶ coXn, Bhiy§Ä, ]ncnªp

t]mIp¶ kabw aäp {][m\ Hm^okpIfpsS/DtZymKØcpsS hnhc§Ä,

]²XnIÄ

IrXy kabw ]men¡p¶Xn\pÅ kwLmSIcpsS {i²

43

6.3.4 Xnc¡v \nb{´n¡p¶ DtZymKØÀ¡v \ÂtI­

hnhc§Ä

{]thi\ hgnIÄ, ]pdt¯¡nd§phm\pÅ hgnIÄ,

]nSn¨p\nÀ¯p¶ Øew, AXymlnX hn`mK¯nsâ Øew

F¶nhbpÅ hniZamb `q]Sw

{]iv\ap­m¡m³ km[yXbpÅhsc ]änbpÅ Adnhv

AwKoIrXaÃm¯ hgn hmWn`¡mtcbpw `n£mSItcbpw

aäpw hgnIfn \n¶pw hne¡pI

knKcäv, Xos¸«n, aZyw ]pIbne DXv]¶§Ä, ]S¡w,

`bs¸Sp¯p¶ aqSp]Sw aäp `bm\I hkvXp¡Ä F¶nh

FÃmw \ntcm[n¡pI

Xnc¡pÅ kabw, hgnIÄ, thZnbpsS hniZmwi§Ä

{][m\ambn XSbp¶ hgnIÄ/Øe§Ä (]cn]mSn¡v

hcp¶hsc XSªp \nÀ¯p¶ hgnIÄ, Øe§Ä, kabw)

]cn]mSnsb kw_Ôn¨ ]qÀ®hnhc§Ä

(Imcy]cn]mSnIfpsS kabw)

AKv\n kpc£m ]cnioe\w

Hgn¸n¡Â ]²XnIÄ (A]IS kab¯v BfpIsf

Hgn¸nt¡­p¶ hnhc§Ä AS§nb ]²Xn)

6.3.5 {]tZihmknIÄ¡v th­ hnhc§Ä

hyXykvXamb ]cn]mSnIÄ, {]hÀ¯nIÄ, AhbpsS

kabhpw

ASnb´ncL« Hgn¸n¡Â ]²XnIÄ

hnhcw ssIamdp¶ hgnIÄ

XmXvImenI tdmUv XSbÂ, ]mÀ¡nwKv \nb{´W§Ä

44

6.3.6 hnhc \nb{´Ww

sdbnÂth tÌj³, _kv Ìm³Uv F¶nhnS§fnÂ

am{XaÃmsX thsd s]mXp Øe§fnepw, {]mtZinI

]{X§fnepw s{Sbn³, _kv kab{Iaw {]ZÀin¸n¡Ww.

sshIntbmSp¶ s{Sbn\nsâ hnhc§fpw {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶Xv

sdbnÂth tÌj\n Xnc¡v Hgnhm¡pw.

]pd¯nd§p¶ hgn, {]thi\ IhmSw XpS§nb sNdnb

hgnIfpsS ASp¯v hnhc§Ä {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶Xv

Hgnhm¡pI. hnhcw At\zjn¡m³ F¯p¶hÀ aäp

bm{X¡msc XSbp¶Xv Hgnhm¡m\mhpw.

NnÓ§Ä, {]ZÀi\ ^eIw, Nq­p]eIIÄ F¶nhbnÂ

H¶n IqSpX `mjbn hnhc§Ä ({]thi\ \nÀ¤a\

hgnIÄ, `£Ww, IpSnshÅw, iuNmebw, klmb

At\zjW Øe§Ä) tcJs¸Sp¯pI.

6.4 kpc£m amÀ¤\nÀt±i§Ä

6.4.1 km[mcW kpc£m \nÀt±i§Ä

Imh tKm]pc§Ä, tdUntbm D]IcW§Ä, samss_Â

hbÀsekv t^mWpIÄ F¶nh thWw

CCTV \nco£Ww A`nejWobamWv

t{Um¬ D]tbmKn¨v henb BÄ¡q«s¯ \nco£n¡pI

A\ptbmPyamb _mcnt¡Uv \nÀ½n¡pI

kµÀiIsc ]cntim[n¡phm³ saä UnsäÎÀkv

Øm]n¡pI

Xo]nSp¯w Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn _oUn, knKcäv, Xos¸«n,

sseäÀ F¶nh ]cntim[n¨v IS¯nhnSmXncn¡pI

45

BfpIÄ¡v hnhcw \ÂIp¶Xn\mbn D¨`mjnWn

Øm]n¡pI

BÄ¡q«s¯ \nc´cw \nco£n¡pI

{]XnIqe ImemhØbn kµÀiIÀ¡v kwc£Ww

Dd¸m¡Ww

Bhiy¯n\v shfn¨w cm{Xnbn \ÂIpI

{]thin¡phm\pw ]pd¯nd§phm\pw hyXykvX hgnIÄ

\ÂIpI

VIP IÄ¡v {]tXyI Plan X¿mdm¡Ww

hntZinItfmSv cPnÌÀ sN¿m³ \nÀtZin¡pI

AXymlnX hgnIfn XSÊw D­mhcpXv

ISIÄ Hcp hi¯v am{Xw Øm]n¡pI

aZyw, ]pIbne DXv]¶§Ä F¶nh \ntcm[n¡pI

`£Ww, IpSnshÅw F¶nhbpsS KpW\nehmcw

Dd¸m¡pI

kµÀiIsc amen\y§Ä IrXyambn AXmXv IqSIfnÂ

\nt£]n¡m³ t{]mÕmln¸n¡pI

slentIm]väÀ tkh\§Ä, tdm]v th F¶nh

Pm{KXtbmsS D]tbmKn¡pI

hml\ ]mÀ¡n§n\v Bhiy¯n\v kwhn[m\§Ä

Hcp¡pI

6.4.2 AKv\n, sshZypXn, sI«nS kpc£ \nba§Ä

AKv\n kpc£m KpW\nehmcw Dd¸m¡pI

P\tdäÀ, aäp sshZypX D]IcW§Ä F¶nh BfpIfnÂ

\n¶pw AIän Øm]n¡pI

CÔ\w ASbmfs¸Sp¯n kpc£nXambn kq£n¡pI

46

Xo AW¡p¶Xn\mbn DNnXamb AKv\nia\

D]IcW§Ä (Fire Extinguisher) Bhiym\pkcWw Hmtcm

Øe¯pw Øm]n¡pI. Ch D]tbmKn¡phm³ ]cnioe\w

\ÂIpI

Bhiy¯n\v First Aid Kit D­mhWw

Bhiy¯n\v Pe kw`cWnIÄ Øm]n¡pI

]mNI¯n\v AwKoImcapÅ BfpIsf D]tbmKn¡pI.

AhÀ¡v Xncn¨dnb tcJ \ÂIpI

]pIhen \ntcm[n¡pI

sshZypXI¼nIÄ kµÀiIÀ¡v _p²nap«p­mIm¯

hn[¯n kpc£nXambn Øm]n¡pI

Transformers, Fuse Carriers F¶nh kpc£nXambn Øm]n¡pI

en^väv, tImWn¸SnIÄ F¶nhnS§fn shfn¨w D­mIWw,

{]hÀ¯\ tbmKyamIWw, XSÊw D­mIcpXv

sshZypX I¼nIfptSbpw D]IcW§fptSbpw

KpW\nehmcw DtZymKØÀ ]cntim[n¨v Dd¸v hcp¯Ww

kzbw ]mNIw sNt¿­hÀ¡v ]mNI¸pcIÄ Hcp¡pI

hml\ ]mÀ¡n§v taJeIfn ]mNIw, Xo Imbp¶Xv

apXembh \ncpÕmls¸Sp¯pI

6.4.3 kpc£m GP³knIfpsS km[mcW

{]hÀ¯\§Ä

kwLmSIcpambn kabw, Øew, ImemhØ, BfpIfpsS

F®w F¶nhsb¡pdn¨v NÀ¨ sN¿pI

BÄ¡q«¯nsâ Dt±iyw, {]tNmZ\w F¶nh I­p]nSn¡pI

ap³Ime ]cn]mSn \S¯n¸pImcpambn IqSnt¨À¶v

{]hÀ¯n¡pI

47

thZn kµÀin¨v hgnIÄ, Im¯ncn¸v tI{µw,

Bibhn\nabw F¶nhbnse {]iv\§Ä a\Ênem¡pI

Bhiy¯n\v kpc£m DtZymKØsc hn\ykn¡pI

]cn]mSn¡nSbn {]iv\w krãn¡phm³ F¯p¶hsc

Xncn¨dnbpI

saä UnsäÎÀ hbv¡pI

Sn¡äv h¨v BfpIsf IbäpI

hchv \nb{´n¡pI

\nc´cw \nco£n¡pI

tam¡v {Un \S¯pI

etKPv ]cntim[\ \S¯pI

_mcnbÀ hbv¡pI

hcp¶hcptSbpw t]mIp¶hcptSbpw X§p¶hcptSbpw

F®w IW¡m¡pI

6.5 kuIcy§fpw AXymlnX hn`mKhpw

Hcp A]ISw D­mbm AXymlnX hn`mKw BWv

BfpIfpsS Poh³ c£n¡p¶Xv. BtcmKy kuIcy§fnÂ

Ipdhv hcp¯p¶Xv henb B]¯v £Wn¨v hcp¯pw

]cnioe\w e`n¨n«pÅ ^Ìv FbvUv Ìm^v; ^Ìv FbvUv

Inäv; Bhiy¯n\v Stretchers, Poh³ c£m acp¶pIÄ,

D]IcW§Ä, Bw_pe³kv, samss_Â

Bip]{Xn/¢n\n¡v, Bip]{Xn Zpc´ \nhmcW ]²Xn

(tlmkv]nä UnkmÌÀ amt\Pvsaâv ¹m³) D­mhWw.

`£Ww, shÅw, ipNoIcW kuIcy§Ä F¶nhbpsS

KpW\nehmcw Dd¸m¡Ww

ap³]v tcJs¸Sp¯nb AkpJ§Ä, D­mIm³

km[yXbpÅ A]IS§Ä F¶nhsb Bkv]Zam¡n

48

BtcmKy hn`mKw/Ìm^v/ Bw_pe³kv apXembh

Bhiy¯n\v GÀs¸Sp¯pI

FÃm Poh³ c£m kuIcy§tfmSpw IqSn ]qÀ®

kÖamb Hcp BtcmKy hn`mKw F¦nepw thZnbpsS

ASp¯v D­mhWw

Bw_pe³kn\v Ft¸mgpw amÀ¤XS椀 CÃmsX

Ffp¸w F¯m³ IgnbWw

B ]cnkcs¯ Bip]{XnIÄ, ¢n\n¡v, {]mYanI NnInÕm

tI{µw, F¶nhnS§fnse tijn Af¡pI

]mcmsaUn¡Â DtZymKØÀ, t]meokv tk\IÄ, {]Ya

ip{iqj ]cnioe\w/ CPR ]cnioe\w e`n¨hÀ F¶nhcpsS

enÌv X¿mdm¡pI

]mcmsaUn¡Â DtZymKØÀ, k¶²tkhIÀ, skIyqcnän

DtZymKØÀ F¶nhsc {]Ya ip{iqj (CPR, ]cnt¡ähsc

sIm­p t]mtI­ hn[w) ]cnioen¸n¡pI

kao] {]tZis¯ Bip]{XnIfpambn Bib hn\nabw

km[yamIWw

kao] {]tZis¯ Bip]{XnIÄ Zpc´s¯

AXnPohn¡m³ {]m]vXcmhWw

FÃm hgnbnepw \nÝnX Zqc¯n hr¯nbpÅ iuNmebw,

IpSnshÅw, `£Ww, hn{iatI{µw, ASnb´ncL«

BtcmKytI{µ§Ä F¶nh thWw

IrXyambn ImWp¶ hn[¯n \nÝnX AIe¯nÂ

NhäpsIm«IÄ Øm]n¡pI

hkvXphIIfpw, sNcn¸pw aäp D]IcW§fpw

kq£n¡phm³ Bhiy¯n\v kuIcyw thWw

Iq«w sXän ImWmXmb BfpIsf I­p]nSn¡phm³

kuIcyw D­mbncn¡Ww

49

{][m\s¸« Øe§Ä, hgnIÄ, Bcw`n¡p¶ kabw,

‘\n§fnhnsS’ F¶n§s\ ASbmf s]Sp¯nb thZnbpsS

`q]Sw \nÝnX Øe§fn Øm]n¡pI

KXmKX kuIcy§Ä {]ZÀin¸n¡pI

]mÀ¡nwKv kuIcyw Bhiy¯n\v D­mIWw

cm{Xnbn shfn¨w D­mIWw

6.6 KXmKXhpw KXmKX \nb{´Whpw

Bhiy¯n\v ]mÀ¡nwKv Øew I­p]nSn¡pI

thZnbn \n¶v \nÝnX Zqcw hsc am{Xw s]mXpKXmKXw

A\phZn¡pI

thZnbn \n¶pw ASp¯pÅ sdbvÂth tÌj³/_kv

tÌm¸nte¡v {lkzZqc _kv kÀhokpIÄ Bcw`n¡pI.

]mÀ¡nwKv Øe¯n\v tijw h­nIÄ IbänhnSmXncn¡pI

(ImÂ\Sbmbn am{Xw BfpIsf t]mIphm³

A\phZn¡pI. Bw_pe³kv t]mse ASnb´nc

kmlNcy§fn t]mth­ hml\§Ä am{Xw

IbänhnSpI)

]mÀ¡nwKv Øe¯v aXnbmb Ìm^ns\ \nban¡pI

thZnbnte¡v F¯m\pÅ hgn sNdpXmWv F¦n h¬

th KXmKXw B¡pI

ImÂ\S bm{X¡mÀ \S¡p¶ hgn, apdn¨v IS¡p¶ hgn,

AXymlnX hgn¡mbn AS¨ hgnIÄ F¶nh IrXyambn

ASbmfs¸Sp¯pI

]mÀ¡nwKv Bhiy¯n\v ^okv \nÝbn¡pI. CXneqsS

A\mhiy ]mÀ¡nwKv Hgnhm¡m\mhpw

hgnbcnInÂ\n¶pw \nba]cw AÃm¯ ISIÄ \o¡w

sN¿pI

50

hgnbn Bhiy¯n\v shfn¨w D­mbncn¡Ww

VIPIÄ, hntZinIÄ F¶nhÀ¡v {]tXyI hgn kuIcyw

GÀs¸Sp¯pI

Sn¡äv NmÀPv ap³Iq«n {]ZÀin¸n¡pI

6.7 Zpc´ \nhmcWw: Xn¡pw Xnc¡n\pw tijw

A]ISs¯¡pdn¨pw A]IS kab¯v sNt¿­

{]hÀ¯nIsf¡pdn¨pw kwLmSIÀ¡v Adnhv

D­mbncn¡Ww

]mcmsaUn¡Â DtZymKØcpw, ]cn]mSnbpsS

kwLmSIcpw/k¶² tkhIcpw {ZpXKXnbn {]Ya

ip{iqj Bcw`n¡Ww

tcmKnIsf triage sNbvXv ASp¯pÅ Bip]{Xnbnte¡v

Ab¨v hnhc§Ä kq£n¡pI

Zpc´¯n DÄs¸«hcpsS km[\kma{KnIÄ FÃmw SmKv

sNbvXv kq£n¡pI

Zpc´s¯ AXnPohn¨hÀ¡pw {]nbs¸«hsc

\ãs¸«hÀ¡pw am\knImtcmKy¯n\mbn

ssktImþtkmjy kt¸mÀ«v \ÂIpI

Hcp HutZymKnI sh_v t]mÀ«en Zpc´¯nÂ

DÄs]«hcpsS Nn{Xw klnXw hnhc§Ä {]ZÀin¸n¡pI.

CXn \n¶pw _Ôp¡Ä¡v Ffp¸¯n Zpc´

_m[nXsc I­p]nSn¡mw

51

6.8 a\pjy\nÀ½nX Zpc´§fn am[ya§fpsS IÀ¯hyw

6.8.1 Xn¡pw Xnc¡n\pw ap³]v

thZn, kabw, KXmKX kuIcyw F¶nh BfpIsf

Adnbn¡pI

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw, Xo{hhmZn B{IaWw, t]m¡äSn

XpS§nbh Hgnhm¡m³ sNt¿­ Imcy§fpw aäv

sNt¿­m¯ Imcy§fpw F¶nhsb ]än s]mXpP\s¯

t_m[hm·mcm¡pI

]cn]mSn XpS§p¶Xn\v apt¶ X¿msdSp¸pIfnse

t]mcmbvaIÄ hnebncp¯n A[nImcnIfpsS {i²bnÂ

s]Sp¯pI

6.8.2 Zpc´ kab¯v/Zpc´¯n\v tijw

Zpc´¯nsâ ImcWw I­p]nSn¨v Dd¸mb hnhc§Ä

am{Xw {]kn²s¸Sp¯pI

ImWmXmbhsc I­p]nSn¡phm³ klmbn¡pI

A]hmZ§Ä {]Ncn¸n¡cpXv

Xncn¨dnbm¯ arXtZl§fpsS hnhc§Ä

{]kn²oIcn¡pI

hnZKv²cpambn kwhmZ§Ä \S¯n `mhn Zpc´§sf

XSbphm\pÅ \nÀt±i§Ä kaql¯n\v \ÂIpI

c£m{]hÀ¯IÀ, ZpcnXmizmk klmb¯n\mhiyamb

hkvXp¡Ä, BfpIÄ F¶nh F{Xbpw thK¯nÂ

e`yam¡phm³ klmbn¡pI

AXymhiy kab§fn km[ysa¦nÂ

c£m{]hÀ¯\¯n klmbn¡pI

52

Chapter 7

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw eLqIcn¡m³ klmbn¡p¶

\nbakm[yXIÄ

7.1 UnkmÌÀ amt\Pvsaâv BÎv 2005

sk£³ 24 & 34 A[nImcnIÄ¡v Zpc´ km[yXm

{]tZis¯ KXmKXw \nb{´n¡phm³ A[nImcw

\ÂIp¶p

sk£³ 41 Xt±i A[nImcnIÄ AhcpsS Øes¯

sI«nS \nÀ½mWw FÃm kpc£m am\ZÞ§fpw

]men¨n«ps­¶v Dd¸phcp¯phm³ A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p

(AXymlnX hgn, AKv\nia\ D]IcW§Ä F¶nh)

sk£³ 51, 52, 53 A\pkcn¨v IÀ¯hys¯

XSÊs¸Sp¯p¶Xv, ZpcnXmizmk km[\§Ä

e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn hymP AhImiw \S¯p¶Xv,

Zpc´¯nsâ kqN\IÄ sXämbn \ÂIp¶Xv IpäIcamWv

sk£³ 58 A\pkcn¨v s]mXp DtZymKØÀ, kzImcy

I¼\nIÄ F¶nhÀ kpc£m am\ZÞ§Ä

AhKWn¡p¶Xv in£mÀlamWv

sk£³ 65 Ahiykm[\§Ä, hml\§Ä, hyànIÄ

apXembh ZpcnXmizmk {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v \ÂIphm³

A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p

7.2 tIcf t]meokv BÎv 2011

sk£³ 37 Bk¶amb Zpc´w/ A]ISw XSbp¶Xn\pw,

kpc£ Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\pw s]mXp kzImcy hyXymkanÃmsX

53

FÃm Øe§fnepw Ibdphm³ t]meokns\

A\phZn¡p¶p

sk£³ 45 Zpc´ km[yXm {]tZi¯v KXmKX

\nb{´Ww GÀs¸Sp¯m\pw, Bbp[, kvt^mS\

hkvXp¡fpsS ssek³kv kkvs]³Uv sN¿m\pw Ah

\ntcm[n¡m\pw {]tXyI A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p

sk£³ 64 s]meokns\ AhcpsS NpaXeIÄ

\ndthäp¶Xn\v s]mXphmbn klmbn¡p¶Xn\mbn

I½yqWnän s]meokns\ hn\yÊn¡p¶Xv ip]mÀi

sN¿p¶p

sk£³ 67 Iem]w XSbp¶Xn\mbn sI«nS§fpw

Npäp]mSpw GsäSp¡m³ A\phZn¡p¶p

sk£³ 68 A]IS/Zpc´ Øe¯v Uyq«nbnepÅ GÁhpw

apXnÀ¶ DtZymKØ\v HmÀUÀ sN¿m\pÅ A[nImcw

\ÂIp¶p

sk£³ 69 Nne \S]SnIÄ A\phZn¡p¶p. DZm

Xo]nSp¯w, A]ISw/Zpc´w D­mIp¶ kab¯v Nne

hgnIÄ AS¡phm³ A\phZn¡p¶p

sk£³ 76 s]mXp Adnbn¸neqsS GsX¦nepw

hgn/s]mXpØew XmXvImenIambn dnkÀÆv sN¿phm³

A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p

sk£³ 79 s]mXp kt½f\§fn {Iakam[m\ ]me\w/

s]mXpkam[m\ kwc£Ww/s]mXp kpc£ sN¿m\pÅ

A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p

54

55

A\p_Ôw

56

Hcp NXpc{i aoädn DÄs¡mÅphm³ Ignbp¶

BfpIÄ

Cu Nn{X¯n 2.1 NXpc{i

aoädn 13 BfpIÄ

\n¡p¶p­v.

Courtesy: EOC k¶n[m\w

Cu Nn{X¯n 2.1 NXpc{i

aoädn 14 BfpIÄ

\n¡p¶p­v.

Courtesy: EOC k¶n[m\w

Cu Nn{X¯n 2.1 NXpc{i

aoädn 19 BfpIÄ

\n¡p¶p­v.

Courtesy: EOC k¶n[m\w

57

_mcnt¡Unsâ \ofw 150 cm, hoXn 140 cm. AXnsâ

hnkvXoÀWw 2.1 NXpc{i aoäÀ BWv. 2.1 NXpc{i aoäÀ

hnkvXoÀWapÅ Øe¯v 13 apXÂ 19 BfpIÄ hsc

\n¡p¶p­v. AXmbXv Hcp NXpc{i aoäÀ Øe¯v 6 apXÂ

9 BfpIġv hsc \n¡phm\mIpw.

ta DZmlcW¯n IrXyambn AfhpIÄ

ImWn¡p¶Xn\mWv _mcnt¡Unsâ Nn{Xw

DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. Øe¯nsâ {]tXyIX A\pkcn¨v

ta hnhc§fn amä§Ä D­mImw. Xpd¶ {]tZi§fnÂ

CXn IqSpX BfpIÄ¡v \n¡phm\mIpw. Nhn«p]SnIÄ,

Øes¯ ]cnanXnIÄ F¶nh aqew CXn Ipdhv BfpIÄ¡v

am{Xta \n¡m\mIq. icmicn s]m¡hpw h®hpw DÅ

BfpIsf BWv ChnsS ]cnKWn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. BfpIfpsS

icoc {]IrXn A\pkcn¨v Cu hnhc§fn ho­pw amäw

kw`hn¡mw.

_mcnt¡Unsâ \ofw 150 cm

_mcnt¡Unsâ hoXn 140 cm

58

Case Studies

2005 sNss¶ Zpc´w

2005-- sNss¶bn ZpcnXmizmk km[\§Ä

hnXcWw sN¿p¶ Øes¯ Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw s]«v 42 t]À

acn¡pIbpw 37 t]À¡v kmcambn ]cnt¡Â¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

2005 \hw_À amkw sNss¶bnepw ]cnkc{]tZi§fnepw

I\¯ agbmbncp¶p. CXns\ XpSÀ¶p­mb

shÅs¸m¡¯n Xoc{]tZi§Ä apgph³

shůn\Snbnembn. Zpc´_m[nXÀ¡v ZpcnXmizmk

km[\§Ä \ÂInbncp¶Xv tdj³ISIÄ hgnbmWv. F¶mÂ

kvYe ]cnanXnaqew CXv k-vIqfnte¡v amän.

hniIe\w: 2005 Unkw_À 18 \v GItZiw 4500 Hmfw BfpIÄ

tSm¡¬ hnXcWw sN¿p¶ k-vIqfnse¯nbncp¶p. 9aWn¡v

hnXcWw XpS§psa¶mWv Adnbn¨ncp¶sX¦nepw shfp¸ns\

aq¶paWn apX Xs¶ BfpIÄ k-vIqfn Øm\w

]nSn¨ncp¶p. 3.45 \v Hcp henb ag D­mbn. CtX¯pSÀ¶v

BZyw h¶ Bbncw IpSpw_§Ä¡v am{Xw km[\§Ä

hnXcWw sN¿psa¶ InwhZ´n ]c¶p. CXmWv A]IS¯nsâ

{][m\ ImcWw. \mepaWntbmSpIqSn BfpIÄ t]meokv

_mcnt¡UpIÄ adnIS¶v sI«nS¯n\It¯¡v {]thin¡m³

{ian¨p. C§s\ {ian¨t¸mÄ {]thi\IhmS¯n D­mb

Ncnhv aqew BZyw \n¶hÀ hogphm³ CSbmbn. CXv BfpIfnÂ

]cn{`m´n krãn¨p. CXns\¯pSÀ¶mWv A]ISw kw`hn¨Xv

59

2008 NmapÞ tZhn t£{Xw Zpc´w

2008 sk]väw_À 30 \v cmPØm\nse tPm[v]qÀ

PnÃbnse NmapÞtZhn t£{X¯nep­mb Xn¡nepw

Xnc¡nepws]«v 249 BfpIÄ acn¡pIbpw 425 t]À¡v

]cnt¡Â¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

hniIe\w: \hcm{Xn BtLmjmcw`¯nt\mS\p_Ôn¨v

GItZiw 25,000 XoÀYmSIcmWv t£{X¯n F¯nbncp¶Xv.

{]thi\ hmXn s]s«¶v Xpd¶t¸mÄ `àÀ Xnc¡n«v

IbdnbXpaqew _mcnt¡Uv XIÀ¶XmWv A]IS¯nsâ

{][m\ImcWw

2015 an\ Zpc´w

2015 sk]väw_À 24 \v D­mb an\ Zpc´¯n 2228

BfpIÄ acn¡pIbpw GItZiw 934 t]À¡v ]cnt¡Â¡pIbpw

sNbvXp. kuZn Atd_ybnse an\, a¡ F¶nhnS§fnÂ

\S¡p¶ lÖv XoÀ°mS\¯n D­mb Xn¡nepw

Xnc¡nepamWv A]ISw kw`hn¨Xv. ]nimNns\ IsÃdnbp¶

BNmcw \S¡p¶ Øeamb Jamaraat ]me¯nte¡v F¯p¶

hgnIÄ Iq«nap«p¶ Øe¯mWv A]ISw kw`hn¨Xv.

acn¨hcpsS IW¡v {]Imcw Ncn{X¯nse Gähpw henb lÖv

Zpc´w CXmWv. acn¨hcn IqSpXemfpIfpw Cdm³, amen,

ss\Pocnb F¶nhnS§fn \n¶pÅhcmbncp¶p.

hniIe\w: A\nb{´nXamb P\{]hmlamWv Zpc´¯nsâ

{][m\ ImcWw. A\nb{´nXamb BÄ¡q«w, ]cnanXamb

Øew, kab \nb{´Ww, F¶nh aqew lÖv XoÀYmS\¯nÂ

A]ISkm[yX IqSpXepÅ ØeamWv Jamaraat ]mew.

60

i_cnaebn 25/12/2016 \v Xnc¡v aqew D­mb A]ISw

2016 Unkw_À 25 \v sshIpt¶cw 6.40 \v D­mb

Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw s]«v ap¸tXmfw t]À¡v ]cnt¡äp.

k¶n[m\¯v X¦b¦n NmÀ¯nbpÅ Zo]mcm[\bv¡v tijw

hSt¡\Sbn \n¶v 100 aoäÀ hSt¡m«v amdn amfnI¸pdw

t£{X¯n\v XmsgbmWv A]ISw D­mbXv. ]cnt¡ähÀ

Xangv\mSv, B{Ôm {]tZiv, IÀWmSI F¶nhnS§fnÂ

\n¶pÅ XoÀYmSIcmWv.

hniIe\w: amfnI¸pd¯v \n¶pw k¶n[m\t¯¡pÅ Xnc¡v

\nb{´n¡p¶Xn\mbn Øm]n¨ncp¶ _mcnt¡Unsâ Xq¬

XIÀ¶XmWv A]IS¯nsâ ImcWw. Xnc¡v IqSnbt¸mÄ

_mcnt¡Uv XIÀ¶v Ipd¨v BfpIÄ AhnsS hogphm³

CSbmbn. CXns\ XpSÀ¶mWv A]ISw D­mbXv.

sIm¡¯ km{µK¨n sdbvÂth tÌj\n Xn¡nepw

Xnc¡nepw c­v acWw

]Ýna _wKmfnse km{µK¨n sdbvÂth tÌj\nÂ

D­mb Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw s]«v c­v t]À acn¨p. 2018

HtÎm_À 24, sNmÆmgvN sshIn«mWv A]ISw \S¶Xv.

\S¸me¯n D­mb Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw c­v t]À

acn¡pIbpw 17 t]À¡v ]cnt¡Â¡pIbpw sNbvXp. c­pw

aq¶pw ¹mävt^mapIsf _Ôn¸n¡p¶ \S¸me¯n Bbncp¶p

Zpc´w kw`hn¨Xv

hniIe\w: Htckabw 3 s{Sbn³ h¶tXmsS bm{X¡mÀ

h­nbn Ibdm³ \S¸me¯nte¡v Cc¨p IbdnbXv aqeamWv

A]ISw kw`hn¨Xv. s{Sbn\n \n¶pw Cd§nbhcpw

61

s{Sbn\n Ibdm³ {ian¨hcpw \S¸me¯n Iq«nap«nbt¸mÄ

D­mbXmWv Cu A]ISw. s{Sbn\n koäv In«p¶Xn\mbn

Xnc¡v Iq«nbXpw Zpc´¯nte¡v \bn¨p. IrXyamb

dnkÀthjsâ BhiyIX, s{Sbn³ ]pds¸Sp¶Xn\v \nÝnX

kabw ap³]v sN¡v--C³ sNt¿­p¶Xnsâ BhiyIX FÃmw

ChnsS a\Ênem¡mw.

kn\nam Xmc§sf ImWm\pÅ Xnc¡n s]«v \nch[n

BfpIÄ XeId§n hoWp

tImgnt¡mSv PnÃbn IÃm¨nbn 2018 HtÎm_À 25

Pphedn DZvLmS\¯n\v F¯nb kn\nam Xmc§sf ImWphm³

DÅ Xnc¡n \Kc¯n aWn¡qdpIÄ \o­ KXmKX XSÊw

D­mbn. sabn³ tdmUnt\mSv tNÀ¶ sI«nS¯n ]pXpXmbn

Bcw`n¨ "tKmÄUv ]mekv" PphednbpsS DZvLmS\ NS§n\v

th­nbmWv \anX {]tamZv, cPnjm hnPb³ F¶nhÀ

F¯nbXv. 10.30 aWn¡v kn\na Xmc§Ä F¯psa¶v

Adnbn¨ncp¶p. CtX¯pSÀ¶v 9 aWntbmsS tdmUpw

]cnkchpw \ndªv Ihnªp. kao]s¯ sI«nS¯n\v apIfnepw

kv{XoIfpw Ip«nIfpw DÄs¸sS DÅhÀ Øm\w ]nSn¨ncp¶p.

CXpaqew IÃm¨nbn cmhnse 10 aWn apX 1 aWn hscbmWv

KXmKX XSÊw D­mbXv. kn\nam Xmc§sf ImWphm³

F¯nbhcpw KXmKX Ipcp¡n s]«hcpw Bb \nch[n

BfpIÄ Xe Id§n hoWp.

hniIe\w: shbnteäv IqSpXÂ kabw Im¯ncp¶Xv

aqeamImw BfpIÄ XeId§n hoWXv.

62

i_cnaebn 13/01/2019 \v D­mb ASnb´nc kmlNcyw

aIchnf¡v atlmÕh¯n\v XteZnhkw ]¼bv¡Sp¯v

henbm\h«w F¶ Øe¯v D­mb ASnb´nc kmlNcy¯nÂ

21 t]À¡v ]cn¡v ]än. 2019 P\phcn 13 \v cm{Xn 1.30 \mWv

kw`hw \S¡p¶Xv. Xangv\mSv, IÀWmSI F¶nhnS§fnÂ

\n¶pÅ XoÀYmSIÀ¡mWv ]cn¡v ]änbXv.

henbm\h«¯v aIchnf¡v ZÀi\¯n\mbn A¿¸

`àcpsS A`qX]qÀhamb Xnc¡mbncp¶p At¶Znhkw

D­mbncp¶Xv. aIchnf¡v ZÀin¡m³km[n¡p¶ FÃm

Øe§fnepw A¿¸ `àÀ t\ct¯ Øm\w ]nSn¨ncp¶p.

Fcptaenbn \n¶v ]¼bnte¡v hcp¶ Im\\]mXbnse

{][m\ Øe§fmb henbm\h«w, sNdnbm\h«w, ap¡pgn,

Icnae XpS§nb Øe§fnseÃmw hncnh¨v hn{ian¡p¶

BfpIsf sIm­v \ndªncp¶p. henbm\h«¯v 2000 ¯nÂ

A[nIw XoÀYmSIcmWv X¼Sn¨ncp¶Xv. ISIfn \n¶pÅ

{]ImiamWv AhnsS In«nbncp¶Xv. h\ taJe BbXn\mÂ

]cnanXamb kuIcy§Ä am{XamWv D­mbncp¶Xv. Ft¡m

sUhe¸vsaâv I½nän (EDC) bpsS Sn³ joäv h¨v ad¨ 1000 aoäÀ

k-vIzbÀ hcp¶ XmXvImenI kwhn[m\§fnemWv `àÀ

hn{ian¨ncp¶Xv. C¯c¯nepÅ Hcp kwhn[m\¯n cm{Xn 1.30

tbmSv IqSn HmcmÄ ""B\ hcpt¶'' F¶v ]dªv aäpÅhsc

Nhn«ntbmSn. CXv tI«v `b¶v Fgpt¶ähcpw ]n¶mse

aäpÅhsc Nhn«ntbmSn. C§s\ aäpÅhsc

Nhn«ntbmSnbt¸mÄ D­mb Xn¡nepw Xnc¡nepw s]«mWv 22

t]À¡v ]cnt¡äXv. 1500 Hmfw BfpIsf DS³ Xs¶ AhnsS

\n¶p Hgn¸n¨p. B _lf¯n A¿¸ `àÀ X§fpsS

CcpapSnsI«pw aäpw AhnsS Dt]£n¨mWv t]mbXv. ]n¶oSv

63

XncnsI h¶v t\m¡nbt¸mÄ ]e XoÀYmSIcptSbpw ]Ww

\ãs¸«Xmbn Is­¯n.

hniIe\w: Cu kw`h¯nsâ bYmÀ° ImcWw hyàaÃ.

F¶ncp¶mepw aq¶v Imc§Ä¡v km[yXbp­v.

CXntesX¦nepw Hcp ImcWw aqew BIWw Cu A]ISw

D­mbXv.

1. BZyw B\ hcp¶p F¶v ]dª BÄ bYmÀ°¯nÂ

kz]v\w I­Xmhm³ km[yX D­v.

2. ]Ww \ãs¸« kw`hw kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv Nnet¸mÄ

a\]qÀÆambn krãns¨Sp¯ tamjW{iaw BImsa¶ km[yX

BWv.

3. h\w hIp¸v DtZymKØÀ ]dªX\pkcn¨v shfp¸n\v 3.30

\v bYmÀ°¯n B\ AhnsS D­mbncp¶p. Nnet¸mÄ

BZyw AbmÄ ]dªXv kXyw BImw.

64

Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mIpt¼mÄ kzoIcnt¡­ {]hÀ¯\

amÀ¤\nÀt±i§Ä

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

SOP (amXrI): Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw D­mIp¶ kab¯v

{]hÀ¯nt¡­ coXnIÄ Bibhn\nabw \St¯­coXnIÄ

F¶nh BWv {][m\ambpw {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. Cu SOP Hcp

Øes¯ am{Xw tI{µoIcn¨v Aà {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv.

AXn\m CXv s]mXphmbn«pÅ SOP BWv. A\p_Ô

hnhc§Ä DÄs¸Spt¯­Xp­v.

hnhcw þ Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

(hnhc¯nsâ DdhnSw þ t]meokv hbÀseÊv þ kabw

tcJs¸Sp¯pI)

kabw T*= T+0 an\näv (DS³ sNt¿­ Imc§Ä)

1. hnhcw ØncoIcn¡pI

2. A]ISw kw`hn¨ Øes¯ IfÎsdbpw C³knsUâv

Iam³Usdbpw hnhcw Adnbn¡pI.

3. A]ISw kw`hn¨ Øes¯ EOC* bn hnhcw

Adnbn¡pI. Bhiyamb Bip]{XnIfn hnfn¨v

Adnbn¡m\pw \nÀt±in¡pI

*T = hnhcw In«nb kabw

* EOC = Emergency operations centre

65

4. A]IS taJebnse BfpIsf Hgn¸n¡m³ t]meokv

hn\ykn¨p F¶v Dd¸m¡pI

T= T+5 an\näv

5. FÃm hn`mKw ta[mhnIÄ¡pw sdUv/Hmd©v AteÀ«v

ImWn¨v ktµiw Ab¡pI. 30 an\nän\pÅn A]IS

Øes¯ EOCbnte¡v F¯phm\pw \nÀt±in¡pI

6. A]IS taJebnte¡v kvs{St¨gvkv sIm­pt]mbn«p­v

F¶v Dd¸m¡pI

7. A]IS taJebn ^bÀ & sdk-vIyq hn`mK¯nsâbpw

tkh\w Dd¸m¡pI

8. Bip]{XnIfpsSbpw NGOIfptSbpw Bw_pe³kpIÄ

{]hÀ¯n¡p¶ps­¶v Dd¸m¡pI

9. ]cn¡v ]änbhcpsS F®hpw ]cn¡ns\ ]änbpÅ

hnhc§fpw tiJcn¡pI

10. EOC bn ]cn¡pIÄ tcJs¸Sp¯pI

11. IfÎdpsS Imcymeb¯n Adnbn¡pI

T=T+10 an\näv

12. Bhiy¯n\v t]meokv DtZymKØÀ hn\ykns¨¶v

Dd¸m¡pI

13. NDRF hn`mKw hn\ykns¨¶v Dd¸m¡pI

14. ^bÀ & sdk-vIyq hn`mKw hn\ykns¨¶v Dd¸m¡pI

66

15. PnÃbnse {][m\ saUn¡Â tImfPpIÄ, Bip]{XnIÄ

F¶nhnS§fn hnfn¨v Adnbn¡pI

16. Bip]{Xnbnte¡v Ab¨ DtZymKØ\n \n¶v ]cn¡ns\

]änbpÅ ]pXnb hnhc§Ä At\zjn¡pI

17. EOC bn ]cn¡nsâ hnhc§Ä \mfXoIcn¡pI (Update)

T=T+20 an\näv

18. A]IS¯nÂs¸«htcmSv ]cn{`an¡mXncn¡phm³

D¨`mjnWnbneqsS hnfn¨v Adnbn¡pI. sNt¿­ \nÀt±i§Ä

D¨`mjnWnbneqsS Adnbn¡pI.

19. A]IS¯nÂs¸«hsc sIm­pt]mIp¶ Bip]{Xnbnte¡v

EOC AwKs¯ Ab¡pI

20. Bhiy¯n\v Bw_pe³kv Ds­¶v Dd¸m¡pI

21. IqSpXÂ Bw_pe³kpIÄ Bhiysa¦nÂ, ap³Iq«n

X¿mdm¡nb h¨ {Iaw A\pkcn¨v sIm­phcnI ((A]IS

kab¯v Bhiyw hcp¶ km[\§Ä, BfpIÄ F¶nhbpsS

X¿mdm¡n h¨ enÌv {]Imcw)

22. Øes¯ XlknÂZmsc hnhcw Adnbn¨p sIm­ncn¡pI

T=T+30 an\näv

23. AwK§fpsS tbmKw þ EOC bn h¨v

24. kmlNcyw AhtemI\w sN¿pI

25. BZy Ipdn¸v X¿mdm¡pI

67

26. A]IS Øet¯¡v KXmKXw/{]thi\w \ntcm[n¡pI

27. A]IS¯n \n¶pw c£s¸« BfpIÄ¡v eLp`£Ww,

IpSnshÅw F¶nh \ÂIm³ GÀ¸mSm¡pI. (CXv kw_Ôn¨

hnhc§Ä A\p_Ôw Bbn tNÀ¡Ww)

28. Bip]{Xnbnse hnhc§Ä \mfXoIcn¡pI (Update)

T=T+60 an\näv

29. A]IS¯nÂs]«hsc sIm­pt]mb Bw_pe³kpIfpsS

hnhc§Ä tiJcn¡pI

30. Bw_pe³kv e£y¯n F¯ntbm F¶v ]cntim[n¡pI

31. A]IS Øes¯ t]meokv I¬t{SmÄ dqan hnfn¨v

hgnIfn XSÊsam¶pw Csöv Dd¸m¡pI

32. A]ISw IqSpXÂ Øet¯v hym]n¡mXncn¡m³

{i²n¡pI

33. Bhiysa¦n aäp PnÃIfn \n¶v IqSpX BfpIsf

Bhiys¸SpI (aäv PnÃIfpsS EOC hnhc§Ä þ dh\yq

ssKUv)

34. am[ya§Ä¡v \ÂtI­ hnhc§Ä DÄs¸Sp¯n Ipdn¸v

X¿mdm¡pI

35. aäp kwØm\§sf Bhiysa¦n kmlNcyw Adnbn¡pI

(t^m¬ \¼dpIÄ A\p_Ô¯n tNÀ¡pI)

68

T=T+2 aWn¡qÀ

36. PnÃm Bip]{XnIfnepw saUn¡Â tImfPpIfnepw hnfn¨v

hnhcw \mfXoIcn¡pI

37. aäv kwØm\§fnte¡v acn¨hcpsS hnhc§Ä

Bhiysa¦n Adnbn¡pI

T=T+ 6 aWn¡qÀ

38. aäp PnÃIfn \n¶pw Ahiy hn`h§Ä Bhiys¸SpI

39. kwØm\Xe tk\sb hn\ykn¡pI

ASnb´nc kmlNcyw Ahkm\n¨p Ignªv

IqSpX ]p\À {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw `mhnbnte¡v Hcp

]mTambn D]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\pw hniZamb Hcp Ipdn¸v

X¿mdm¡n PnÃm A[nImcnIÄ¡v kaÀ¸n¡pI.

SOP – Standard Operating Procedure

EOC – Emergency Operations Centre

69

sN¡v enÌv

1 ]cn]mSnbpsS kwLmSI³

2 kwLmSIsâ hnemkw, t^m¬

3 ]cn]mSnbpsS A[nImcn, t^m¬

]cn]mSnbpsS hnhc§Ä

4 ]cn]mSnbpsS t]cv, Xcw

5 ]cn]mSn \S¡p¶ Øew, XpdÊmb/

AS¨pd¸pÅ Øew

6 ]cn]mSnbpsS kabw, Imemh[n

7 Gähpw IqSpXÂ BfpIÄ F¯p¶ kabw,

XobXn

8 {]Xo£n¡p¶ BÄ¡q«w ]pcpj·mÀ

kv{XoIÄ

Ip«nIÄ

IpSpw_w

9 ]cn]mSnbpsS `mKambn PmYbpt­m D­v/ CÃ 9.1 PmYbv¡v {]Xo£n¡p¶ BÄ¡q«w

9.2 PmYbv¡v arK§sf D]tbmKn¡p¶pt­m D­v/ CÃ 9.3 Bcw`n¡p¶ kabhpw Ahkm\n¡p¶

kabhpw

9.4 PmY t]mIp¶ hgn

10 A¶Zm\w \S¯p¶pt­m? D­v/ CÃ 10.1 {]Xo£n¡p¶ BÄ¡q«w

70

11 {]tXyI ]cn]mSn/ZÀi\w \S¯p¶pt­m.

Ds­¦n hniZ hnhc§Ä \ÂIpI

D­v/ CÃ

thZn kÖoIcWw

12 XmXvImenI kÖoIcW§Ä Hcp¡nbn«pt­m

(Ds­¦n F´v, F´n\v th­n F¶v

hyàam¡pI)

D­v/ CÃ

13 shSns¡«v \S¯p¶pt­m D­v/ CÃ

13.1 shSns¡«v \S¯p¶ BfpsS/GP³knbpsS

t]cpw hnemkhpw

13.2 shSns¡«v \S¯p¶Xn\v ssek³kv

e`n¨n«pt­m F¶v ]cntim[n¨v

Dd¸phcp¯nbn«pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

13.3 shSns¡«n\v D]tbmKn¡p¶ km[\§fpsS

Afhv

13.4 kq£n¡p¶ Øew

13.5 shSns¡«v \S¯p¶ kabw {]ZÀin¸n¨n«pt­m D­v/ CÃ

14 ]cn]mSn \nb{´n¡m\pÅ hf­nbÀknsâ

F®w

15 ip²amb IpSnshÅw e`yamtWm D­v/ CÃ

16 hr¯nbpÅ iuNmeb§Ä Bhiy¯n\v

Dt­m

D­v/ CÃ

17 ]mÀ¡nMv Øew Bhiy¯n\v Dt­m D­v/ CÃ

18 AXymhiy hnhc§Ä hyXykvX `mjIfnÂ

FgpXn Ffp¸¯n hmbn¡m³ Ignbp¶

coXnbn h¨n«pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

19 KXmKXw \nb{´nt¡­ Bhiyapt­m D­v/ CÃ

20 amen\y§Ä \nt£]n¡m³ Nhäp sIm«IÄ D­v/ CÃ

71

Øm]n¨n«pt­m BtcmKy kÖoIcW§Ä

21 A]IS Øes¯¯n {]Ya ip{iqj

\ÂIphm\pÅ kwLw Dt­m

D­v/ CÃ

22 thZnbpsS ASp¯pÅ Bip]{Xn

Zqcw

23 Bw_pe³knsâ F®w

kpc£m kÖoIcW§Ä

24 thZnbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ AKv\nia\

D]IcW§Ä Øm]n¨n«pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

25 FÃm GP³knIfpambn A]IS km[yXIÄ

hniIe\w \S¯ntbm

D­v/ CÃ

26 Hgn¸n¡Â ]²XnIÄ X¿mdm¡nbn«pt­m D­v/ CÃ 27 IqSpXÂ sshZypXn e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn KSEB

bn \n¶pw k½Xw e`n¨n«pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

28 sshZypXn apS§mXncn¡p¶Xn\mbn P\tdäÀ

Dt­m

D­v/ CÃ

28.1 P\tdädnsâ tijn D­v/ Cà 29 Bib hn\nab amÀ¤§Ä Dt­m D­v/ Cà 30 s]mXpsh BfpIsf A`nkwt_m[\

sN¿p¶Xn\mbn Ham Radio kwhn[m\§Ä

Hcp¡nbn«pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

31 Bib hn\nab kwhn[m\§Ä

{]hÀ¯n¡p¶pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

32 ]»nIv A{UÊv knÌw ]cn]mSn \S¡p¶

Øew apgph³ tIÄ¡ptam

D­v/ CÃ

72

33 thZnbpsS am¸v Dt­m D­v/ CÃ

34 {]thi\ hgnIfn XS椀 Dt­m D­v/ CÃ

35 ]pdt¯¡nd§phm\pÅ hgnIfn XSʧÄ

Dt­m

D­v/ CÃ

36 Bhiy¯n\v kpc£m DtZymKØÀ e`yamtWm D­v/ CÃ

37 thZnbpsS am¸v AXymhiy hnhc§Ä hnhn[

`mjIfn tcJs]Sp¯n Øm]n¨n«pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

38 EOC Øm]n¨n«pt­m D­v/ CÃ

39 hnhcmt\zjW tI{µw Øm]n¨n«pt­m D­v/ CÃ

40 BÄIq«s¯ \nb{´n¡phm³ _mcnt¡UpIÄ

Øm]n¨n«pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

41 CCTV bpw \nco£W tI{µhpw

{]hÀ¯n¡p¶pt­m

D­v/ CÃ

42 DÄs¸Sp¶ hIp¸pIfpsS/GP³knIfpsS t]cpIÄ

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

(Ahew_w Standard Operating Procedure For Festival Disasters

By Illyas FT et al, 2015)

73

t_knIv sse^v kt¸mÀ«v (apXnÀ¶hcnÂ)

74

t_knIv sse^v kt¸mÀ«v (Ip«nIfnÂ)

75

References

1. Ahuja G, Karlapalem K, Crowd congestion and stampede

management through multi robotic agents. International

institute of information technology, Hyderabad, India. 28

February 2015

2. Illyas FT, Babu N. Managing religious crowd safely – Crisis

management plan for sabarimala pilgrimage. Project report,

Institute of Land And Disaster Management, Trivandrum

3. Illyas FT, Mani SK, PradeepkumarAP, Mohan K. Human

stampedes during religious festivals: A comparative review

of mass gathering emergencies in India. International journal

of Disaster risk reduction, 2013;5:10-18

4. Illyas FT, Mohan K, Babu N, Venukumar A. Safety in

religious mass gatherings; guidelines for event organizers and

stakeholder agencies. Standard operating procedure for

festival disasters. Version 1.0. Institute of land and Disaster

management, Trivandrum, India. March,2015

5. Joseph JK, Pradeepkumar AP. An analysis of mass gathering

associated risks in pilgrim destinations particularly the issue

of Sabarimala. 23rd

swadeshi science congress; 2013

6. Managing crowd at events and venues of mass gathering, a

guide for state government, local authorities, administrators

and organizers. National Disaster Management Authority.

2014

7. Mass gathering event management. A case study of

mahakumbh, 2013, Allahabad. Bihar state disaster

management authority, India

8. Mohandas K, Nayar KR, Shaffi M. A perilous pilgrimage the

case of sabarimala. Economic and political weekly ISSN,

2015;50(25)

9. Ngai KM, Burkle FM. Human Stampedes: A systematic

review of historical and peer- reviewed sources. Disaster

medicine and public health preparedness, 2009; 3(4): 191-195

76

10. Prasun A, Dixit P. Stampede management for religious events

in India. Proceedings of 2015 International conference on

disaster management in civil Engineering, Phuket, Thailand;

2015: 81-86

11. Shandil A, Prasad M, Kumar SR. Original research paper

Stampede in Gandhi maidan Patna: A medico-legal analysis.

Indian Acad Forensic Med, 2015;37(4):0971-0973

12. Still GK. Crowd Dynamics. PhD Thesis. University of

warwick; July 2000

13. Types of Collective Behaviour by University of Minnesotta,

Online Open Library, Sociology: Understanding & Changing

the Social World