XML Overview2005 mcsd

8/14/2019 XML Overview2005 mcsd

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XMLExtensible Markup Language: An Introduction

The Enabling Technology for B2B eCommerce and Web Site Development

Minder Chen, Ph.D.Associate Professor of Management Information Systems and Decision Sciences

School of Management, George Mason UniversityE-Mail: [email protected]: 703-993-1788

Fax: 703-993-1809


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XML - 2 Minder Chen 1996-2005

Workshop Outline B2B E-Commerce

XML Basics XML Document Type Definition, Schema, andData Type

XSL (eXtensible Style Language) Access XML via Scripting and XML Document

Object Model (DOM) Server-Side XML Processing

XML Usage in B2B


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References William J. Pardi, XML in Action, Microsoft Press, 1999. Alex Homer, XML IE5: Programmer's Reference, WROX, 1999. Elliotte Rusty Harold, XML Bible, IDG Books, 2000.

Online resources: Our XML resources:

http://65.168.115.6/xml/ Microsoft XML resources:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/

Dedicated XMl sites: http://www.xml.com/ and http://www.xmlsoftware.com/

XML-Data standard http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-XML-data/

XML namespaces: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/

XSL standard:http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/WD-xsl-19981216.pdf

The World Wide Web Consortium XML Workgroup:http://www.w3.org/XML/Activity

Timothy Bray's (co-editor of the XML spec.) XML page http://www.textuality.com/xml/
http://www.xml.com/http://www.xmlsoftware.com/http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-XML-data/http://www.textuality.com/xml/http://www.textuality.com/xml/http://www.textuality.com/xml/http://www.textuality.com/xml/http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-XML-data/http://www.xmlsoftware.com/http://www.xmlsoftware.com/http://www.xmlsoftware.com/http://www.xml.com/http://www.xml.com/http://www.xml.com/


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Blind Spots in the Chain of Commerce


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Review Identify Send Select Approve Set UpCatalogs Specifications RFP Vendor P.O. Credit

Define Review Fill Out Send P.O.Requirements Vendors P.O. to Vendor

Letter of Prepare Generate P.O.Credit/Terms Fulfillment Receipt

CheckAvailability

Arrange Send Receive PrepareShipping Order Order Invoice

Tariffs/ InspectionsCustoms

Post SendPayment Check

Receive Invoice/Prepare Paymen

SendInvoice

Buying and Selling PrimitiveDocument / Data Interchange and Workflow Document / Data Interchange and Workflow


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Dell


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HTML and XML

Plain English

Course List:AITC offersIntr. to XML

a basic-level courseon May 29, 1999Price $220at Reston Lab

HTMLCourse ListCourse List

AITC offers Intr. to XML basic-level

May 29, 1999 Price $220 Reston Lab

XMLAITCIntr. to XMLMay 29, 1999220

Reston Lab

Courselist.htm Courselist.xmlCourselist.doc


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XML Document Containing an Internal Document Type Definition

]>

Minder Chen

100 Main St.

http://www.commerceone.com/xml/cbl/docs/purchaseorderdtdsamp .html
http://www.myinfoage.com/http://eco.commerce.net/specs/index.cfm?content=spec.cfm&sec=3_5_3&rule=fts&output=fhttp://eco.commerce.net/specs/index.cfm?content=spec.cfm&sec=3_5_3&rule=fts&output=fhttp://www.myinfoage.com/


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XML Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 W3C Recommendation 10-Feb-98

XML 1.0Recommendation

XML DTD

XMLDocument

For a specific type of documentsuch as a definition of PurchaseOrder's data structure. It is usedto validate XML document.

For a specific document suchas a specific Purchase Order.

A meta-language for definingXML DTD. XML Schema is acompeting standard.


10/60XML - 10 Minder Chen 1996-2005

Document

Structure Content Display

Simple E-mail document

Receiver: JohnSender: HarrySubject: Hello============================

Dear John,Hello!

...This is the document for you!

HarryMay 12, 1999


11/60XML - 11 Minder Chen 1996-2005

HTML, SGML and XML? Relations between HTML, SGML and XML:

HTML is an implementation(instance) of SGML XML is an subset of SGML They are all languages for document processing

Instances / Domains

SGML

HTML ...XML

RDF CDF CML ...


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So, You Need More Than XML

XMLdocument

Document with

Special Format(HTML/CSS)

DTD

Validation

XSL

Processing

Structure

Display C on t en t

X M L P a r s

e r


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HTML vs. XML

HTML XML

The markup describes the way inwhich the data is to be displayedin the browser.

The markup describes the dataitself.

Developers must use a limited setof predefined tags.

Developers create tags and cantherefore describe any type of data.

Searching for and updating data isdifficult because the same set of

tags can be used for differenttypes of data.

Searching for and updating datais easy because each type of

data has a unique set of tagsthat define it.The way in which data is to bedisplayed in the browser iscontrolled.

XML does not have any controlover the way data is displayed.


14/60XML - 14 Minder Chen 1996-2005

Benefits from XML Extensible Markup Language is a text-based format that

lets developers describe, deliver and exchangestructured data between a range of applications toclients for local display and manipulation.

Information will be more accessible and reusable. XML brings so much power and flexibility to Web-based

applications for exchanging " structured data " Data integration from disparate sources Data from multiple applications Local computation and manipulation of data Multiple views on the data More Meaningful searches

Open Standards Format for Web delivery

Enhances scalability Facilitates compression


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Well-Formed XML Must start with an XML declaration

Non-empty tags must match and nest properly Empty tags must end with /> Must have exactly one root element Tag and attribute names are case-sensitive Attribute values must be quoted


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Sample XML Document

ColumbineAquilegia canadensis

A string literal was expected, but no opening quote

character was found. Line 3, Position 13

------------^


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So What!? "You guys look like a bunch of geniuses, and

all you did was say, 'Make the tags balance.' "--- A Silicon Valley executive

"There is really not much technology in XML,and even less that is new. But there are a fewtouches that while small, have been crucial." XML is text, not binary. Superior error-handling Internationalization

--- Tim Bray


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XML

DTD

HTML Resources XML

Data

Store

Application

XSL

XPL

HTML/CSS

Display andReporting

XLL

XML DataTypes

Data Transfer

Definition and Structure

Link to other resources

XML Technologies

XMLSchema


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XML Document: Namespaces Namespaces provide ways to mix XML tags without chaos Example:

Description of gadget

GadgetA gadget contains a big gizmo


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Creating XML Using XML Notepad You can find the latest information on XML Notepad at

the Microsoft website at http://www.microsoft.com/
http://www.microsoft.com/xmlhttp://www.microsoft.com/xml


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Source Document

html100Introduction to HTML$200

xml100Introduction to XML

$250


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XML Document Structure

Prologue:

XML declaration Document Type Declaration

(DOCTYPE)

Processing Instructions and

Comments

Root Element and its child

nodes

Epilogue:

Comments and

Processing Instructions


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XML Document with an Internal DTD

]>

Hello, world!

Standalone attribute indicates whether external entities impactthe information passed to the processing application

Internal DTD:

A f T


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Anatomy of a Tag

Opening tag

AttributeClosingtag

XML Tutorial

XML Tutorial

Element


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I C l b M P f l


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Its Complex, but More Powerful With DTD you can

Define your own more meaningful tags easy to read easy to search easy to transform to other formats

You can validate whether your document isstructure correct important for business transaction document prevent from error or miscommunication

An XML document is valid if it has an associateddocument type declaration and if the documentcomplies with the constraints expressed in it.

The document type declaration must appear before the first element in the document.

A XML ith E t l DTD


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An XML with an External DTDflower1.xml


flower.dtd

XML 1 0 R d ti


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XML 1.0 Recommendation [28] doctypedecl ::=

'' [VC: Root Element Type]

[29] markupdecl ::=elementdecl | AttlistDecl | EntityDecl | NotationDecl | PI | Comment

[VC: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting] [WFC: PEs in Internal Subset]

fl 2 l P t DTD d XML i O Fil


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flower2.xml: Put DTD and XML in One File

]>


htt // f tt k / l/1 lid t /XMLEdit ht


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http://www.nvcc-fasttrack.com/xml/1_validate/XMLEdit.htm

flower3 xml: Plant List


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flower3.xml: Plant List

]>


CowslipClatha palustris

Well Formed XML and Valid XML


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Well-Formed XML and Valid XML

Well-Formed XML:

A well-formed XML document does notnecessarily include a DTD or a schema. Valid XML:

XML that conforms to the vocabularyspecified in a DTD or schema.

Document processing performance: Well-formedness is an attribute of all XML documents

Well-formedness parsing is very fast Validation can be time consuming and is specific to a

particular application based on the DTY or Schema

XML Schema and Data Type


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XML- Schema and Data Type

flower_schema.xml

Style Language


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Style Language

SGML DSSSL

XMLXSL

HTML CSS

Contents of documents Style Language

XSL (Extensible Style Language) defines the specificationfor an XML documents presentation and appearance.

Standard: http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl

XML Presentation: XSL


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XML Presentation: XSL

course.xml

XSL Stylesheet

XSLProcessor

HTMLDocuments

XMLDocuments

HTMLBrowser

XML + XSL => HTML Can be processed at either

Server-Side or Client-Side

XML class. . .

XML . . .

Sample XSL and XML


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Sample XSL and XMLgreeting.xmlHello World!

greeting.xsl

XML and XSL


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X M L a n

d X S L

p r o c e s s o

r

display

Webserver Internet

XML

HTML

XML

(Browser-side add-onor building functions)

ExtensibleStylesheetLanguage

XML deals only with the data structures and contents of a document

XSL specifies rules to convert XML patterns to HTML tags and

contents

XML and XSL

(Browser)XSL

Client-Side

XSL


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XSL

Transfer well-formed XML documents toHTML documents Mapping

Harry PorterHarry Porter

Add some data to user Minder Chen AuthorMinder Chen

Hide some data from user

Integrating XML and XSL: product xsl3 xml


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Integrating XML and XSL: product_xsl3.xml

html100Introduction to HTML

$200

xml100Introduction to XML$250

XSL: for-each & value-of


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XSL: for-each & value-of

Course Listing

:
Pirce:

Action: applythe style to thetarget element

Pattern: an XMLdocument'starget element

Authoring Roles in XML Environments


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Authoring Roles in XML Environments

Domain Experts

Document TypeDefinition (DTD)

Application

Developers

Presentation

AuthorsContent

ProvidersProcessing

Applications XMLDocuments

Stylesheets

XML Parsing


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XML Parsing Parsing is the process of analyzing the

structure of an XML document. Parsing can be done on either client-side or

server-side. There are nonvalidating parsers and validating

parsers. Two popular API for XML parsing mechanismsare: DOM: Document Object Model

SAX: Simple API for XML

Client-Side XML Parsing Using JavaScript


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Client Side XML Parsing Using JavaScript

IE 5.0

XMLParser

(msxml)

HTML

JavaScript Code

Dynamic HTMLContainer:

XML

XMLTags & Data

XMLObject Model

Loading XML

Document

DOM


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DOM

Shady GroveAeolian

Over the River, CharlieDorian

DOM specifies standard interface definitions for manipulating an XML document

DOM APIs are platform specific

mail xml


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mail.xml

JodieBill

Philip

My first XML document

Hello, World!


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HTML HEAD

loadDoc();

var rootElem;

var xmlDoc = new ActiveXObject("microsoft.xmldom");xmlDoc.load("mail.xml");

function loadDoc(){if (xmlDoc.readyState == "4")

start();else

window.setTimeout("loadDoc()", 4000)}

function start(){

rootElem = xmlDoc.documentElement; todata.innerText = rootElem.childNodes.item(0).text;

fromdata.innerText=rootElem.childNodes.item(1).text;ccdata.innerText=rootElem.childNodes.item(2).text;subjectdata.innerText=rootElem.childNodes.item(3).text;bodydata.innerText=rootElem.childNodes.item(4).text;}

Code Listing 2-2

mail.htm

Continued...


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Continued...

To:

From:

Cc:

Subject:

Server-Side XML Processing


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NETWORK

XMLParser

ClientApplication

ASPFile

Passed over

network as XML

XML

XML

ASPFile

Display usingclient-side

data binding

Updates originaldata source

Database

Updates onlymarshaled marshaled into

XML by browser

IE5 Browser

CLIENT

Data extractedfrom database

ASP file usesserver-side parser

to extract data

SERVER

Server Side XML Processing

Server-side XML & XSL Processing


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Server side XML & XSL Processing Advantages: Browser independent; client only

requires HTML support

http://java.sun.com/xml/

simple.xml


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simple.xml

Belgian Waffles$5.95two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maplesyrup

650

Strawberry Belgian Waffles$7.95light Belgian waffles coverred with strawberrys and whipped cream

900

Berry-Berry Belgian Waffles$8.95light Belgian waffles coverred with an assortment of fresh berries and whipped cream900

French Toast$4.50thick slices made from our homemade sourdough bread600

Homestyle Breakfast$6.95two eggs, bacon or sausage, toast, and our ever-popular hash browns950


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%// Error formatting function:function reportError(where, error){

Response.Write("Error loading '" + where + "'" + error.reason + "");

}// Load the XMLvar doc = Server.CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");var doc = Server.CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");doc.async = false;doc.async = false;doc.load(Server.MapPath("simple.xml"));doc.load(Server.MapPath("simple.xml"));

if (doc.parseError.errorCode != 0){

reportError("simple.xml", doc.parseError);}else{ // Load the stylesheet

var style = Server.CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");var style = Server.CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");style.async = false;style.async = false;style.load(Server.MapPath("simple.xsl"));style.load(Server.MapPath("simple.xsl"));

if (style.parseError.errorCode != 0){reportError("simple.xsl", doc.parseError);

}// Process it

var result = doc.transformNode(style);var result = doc.transformNode(style);Response.Write(result);Response.Write(result);

}%>

simple.asp

Database and XML


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SERVER NETWORK

XML XMLParser ClientApplicationDatabaseXML

Converter

CLIENT

Use Server-sidescripting & Server-Side XML Parser

Convert database data into XML Store native XML documents in the database Parse receive XML document and store the extracted data into

database XML servers provide database functions over XML documents.

Server-Side XML Generated from a Database


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department.asp

E-commerce DTDs


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Ad Markup, for Web advertisement

AECMA Specification 1000D, for military document

Biztalk, led by Microsoft, for MSN and Business to Customer system

Microsofts CDF, channel push technology

Commerce XML (cXML), for catalog, product and transaction data

Information and Content Exchange (ICE), for sharing management information between partners

http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/xml.html#applications

Commerce Scenarios


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DistributorsDistributorsandand

retailersretailers

C or p or a t i on

C or p or a t i on

BusinessBusinesscustomerscustomers

SuppliersSuppliersMROMRO

Consumer Consumer

44

Extended value chainExtended value chain

33

Corporate purchasing (MRO)Corporate purchasing (MRO)

2

1111

Business to consumer

2

(Business to business ) Selling to businesses

SuppliersSuppliersValue chainValue chain

B2C Data Exchange: Existing Methods - HTML Forms


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Can include most other HTML elements

Limited set of field types Single line input fields

text/password, checkbox/radio, submit/reset, file/image,hidden

Multiple line text areas Selection menus

can include pre-selected options

Data type checking usually is done atserver or through client-side JavaScript

Fixed interchange format

B2B Data Exchange: Existing Methods - EDI messages


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UN standard format (EDIFACT) or X.12

Compact strings, with numeric qualifiers. Strict limitation on thenumber of characters and position of data in a document.

Example:

UNH+900576+ORDERS:D:93A:UN:EAN007BGM+220+H940568DTM+137:19940201:102NAD+BY+5412345000176::9NAD+SU+4012345000094::9LIN+2PIA

+5_1857990455:IBIMD+F+BAU+:::Farell J GIMD+F+BTI+:::The SingaporeGripQTY+21:1PRI+XXX:7.99UNS+SCNT+2:2UNT+15+900576

Rules for data type control

EDI and XML


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EDIVAN

EDI EDI

XML XML

BizTalk


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