XIII Jornada Chilena de Anatomía 2020...Jens Martensson 20 FiniteElement Analysis Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a general modelling technique that can be used for structural, thermal,

Paleoantropología virtual

Dr. Thomas A. Püschel

Papio anubis

Papio hamadryas

Papio papio

Papio ursinus

Papio ursinus griseips

Papio cynocephalus

Papio kindae

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Papio kindae

Papio cynocephalus

Papio ursinusPapio ursinus griseips

Papio anubis

Papio hamadryas

Papio papio

XIII Jornada Chilena de Anatomía2020

Jens Martensson

El Plan para hoy

1. Breve contexto evolutivo

2. Definiciones básicas

3. Descripción de las técnicas utilizadas

4. Un par de ejemplos 2

https://www.visibleapeproject.com/

Jens Martensson

Primate orderHominoideaCercopithecoideaCeboideaTarsioideaLorisoideaLemuroidea

Primate Last Common Ancestor

Strepsirrhini HaplorhiniSub-orders

AnthropoideaStrepsirrhini Haplorhini

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Hominoidea SuperfamilyApes~18 Ma

~14 Ma

~8 Ma

~6-7 Ma

*Hylobatidae Pongo Gorilla Pan Homo

Less

er a

pes

Gre

at a

pes

Asian apes

African apes

*Hylobatidae:SymphalangusBunopithecusHylobatesHoolockNomascus

HominidaeHylobatidae

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Paleoantropología

Es la rama de la antropologíabiológica y de la paleobiologíaque se ocupa del estudio de laevolución humana y su registrofósil, en otras palabras de loshomíninos antiguos. A veces,también puede ser conocidacomo paleontología humana.

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¿Cómo avanza la paleontología humana y de primates?

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Mejorando métodos análiticos8

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Extrayendo más información de los fósiles

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Hace un poco más de un año atrás…11

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Virtual Palaeonthropology workflow

Digitise Compare

Reconstruct

Share Materialize

Expose

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Digitalizar

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Exponer

Kupczik & Dean (2008) Kupczik & Hublin (2010)

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Reconstruir

3D model with missing pieces

Reconstruction process trough ‘manual’, mathematical and/or statistical criteria

Reconstructed 3D model

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Reconstruir

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Comparar

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Anterior Lateral

Posterior Inferior

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3127

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12 19

11 181

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1921 22

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Shape• Geometric morphometrics (GM)

comprise a set of techniques for theanalysis of form (i.e. shape and size)that utilise as primary data Cartesiancoordinates rather than lineardistances, angles, ratios or othermeasurements.

• GM has become the standard tool toquantify morphology in organismalbiology.

Morley, J., Bucchi, A., Lorenzo, C., and Püschel, T. A. (2020). Characterizing thebody morphology of the first metacarpal in the Homininae using 3D geometricmorphometrics. bioRxiv, 2020.04.30.070326. doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.070326.

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Finite Element AnalysisFinite Element Analysis (FEA) is a generalmodelling technique that can be used forstructural, thermal, fluid, and acousticanalyses, amongst others.

Richmond, B. G., Wright, B. W., Grosse, I., Dechow, P. C.,Ross, C. F., Spencer, M. A., et al. (2005). Finite elementanalysis in functional morphology. The Anatomical RecordPart A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, andEvolutionary Biology 283A, 259–274.doi:10.1002/ar.a.20169.

Püschel, T. A. (2012). Biomechanical modelling of Human Femora: a comparison between Agriculturalists and Hunter-Gatherers using FEA, GMM and Beam Theory.

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Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs)

• Currently there are two main sub-families of methods within thePCMs, which can be broadlyclassified as those focused on traitevolution and those used toinvestigate lineage diversification.

Trait-evolution PCMs

Püschel, T. A., Gladman, J. T., Bobe, R. & Sellers, W. I. The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives. Journal of Human Evolution 111, 179–201 (2017).

• Modern phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs)area series of statistical procedures applied toanalyse phylogenetic trees, and frequently, theirassociation with trait/phenotypic data.

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Compartir

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Materizalizar

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Primate evolutionary morphology

• Anatomy

• Functional morphology/biomechanics

• Phylogenetic comparative methods

www.thomaspuschel.com

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Approaches combining FEA and GM

GM and FEA combined by analysing their results using multivariate statistical tools

Marcé-Nogué, J., Püschel, T. A., Daasch, A., and Kaiser, T. M. (2020). Broad-scale morpho-functional traits of the mandible suggest no hard food adaptation in the hominin lineage. Sci Rep 10, 1–11. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63739-5.

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A p

ossi

ble

wor

kflo

w

Püschel, T. A. (2017). Morpho-functional analyses of the primate skeleton: applying 3D geometric morphometrics, finite element analysis and phylogenetic comparative methods to assess ecomorphological questions in extant and extinct anthropoids.

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Example: The scaphoid-centrale fusion

Püschel, T. A., Marcé-Nogué, J., Chamberlain, A. T., Yoxall, A., & Sellers, W. I. (2020). The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion duringsimulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6

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Biomechanical simulation

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Biomechanical results

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Example: the platyrrhine talus

Püschel, T. A., Marcé-Nogué, J., Gladman, J. T., Bobe, R. & Sellers, W. I. Inferring locomotor behaviours in Miocene New World monkeysusing finite element analysis, geometric morphometrics and machine-learning classification techniques applied to talar morphology.Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, 20180520 (2018).

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31Püschel, T. A., Marcé-Nogué, J., Gladman, J. T., Bobe, R. & Sellers, W. I. Inferring locomotor behaviours in Miocene New World monkeys usingfinite element analysis, geometric morphometrics and machine-learning classification techniques applied to talar morphology. Journal of TheRoyal Society Interface 15, 20180520 (2018).

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PCA: Shape


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PCA: Locomotor data


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34Püschel, T. A., Gladman, J. T., Bobe, R. & Sellers, W. I. The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives. Journal of Human Evolution 111, 179–201 (2017).

PLS: shape and locomotor data

r-PLS: 0.84; p-value: 0.0022; 10,000 permutations

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Püschel, T. A., Marcé-Nogué, J., Gladman, J. T., Bobe, R. & Sellers, W. I. Inferring locomotor behaviours in Miocene New World monkeys using finite element analysis, geometric morphometrics and machine-learning classification techniques applied to talar morphology. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, 20180520 (2018).

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36Püschel, T. A., Marcé-Nogué, J., Gladman, J. T., Bobe, R. & Sellers, W. I. Inferring locomotor behaviours in Miocene New World monkeys using finite element analysis, geometric morphometrics and machine-learning classification techniques applied to talar morphology. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, 20180520 (2018).

RF

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Evolutionary modelling


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Conclusiones

Primate evolution

Biomechanics

Palaeoecology

Morphometrics Palaeobiology

Papio anubis

Papio hamadryas

Papio papio

Papio ursinus

Papio ursinus griseips

Papio cynocephalus

Papio kindae

1

2

3

4

5

6

Papio kindae

Papio cynocephalus

Papio ursinusPapio ursinus griseips

Papio anubis

Papio hamadryas

Papio papio

Anatomy

Muchas gracias!

www.thomaspuschel.com

[email protected]

Documents

XIII Jornada Chilena de Anatomía 2020...Jens Martensson 20 FiniteElement Analysis Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a general modelling technique that can be used for structural, thermal,