XG Communications Program Information Briefing

XG Communications Program Information Briefing

Preston MarshallPreston Marshall

DARPA ATO Program ManagerDARPA ATO Program Manager

September 2004September 2004

ITU Study Group 8

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 2

All Spectrum May Be Assigned, But…

…Most Spectrum Is Unused!

XG is Developing the Technology and System Concepts to

Dynamically Access Available Spectrum

React

Formulate Best Course of Action

ReactReact

Formulate Best Formulate Best Course of ActionCourse of Action

Adapt

Transition network to new emission plan

AdaptAdapt

Transition Transition network to new network to new emission plan emission plan

Characterize

Rapid waveform determination

CharacterizeCharacterize

Rapid waveform Rapid waveform determinationdetermination

Sense

Real time, Low-power, wideband

monitoring

SenseSense

Real time, LowReal time, Low--power, wideband power, wideband

monitoringmonitoring

AutonomousAutonomousDynamic Dynamic SpectrumSpectrumUtilizationUtilization

DARPA XG Program

Goal: Demonstrate Factor of 10 Increase in Spectrum Access

Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz)

Am

pli

du

e (

dB

m)

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Sparse UseSparse Use

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Medium UseMedium Use


XG Program Components

The Primary Product XG Program is The Primary Product XG Program is Not a New Radio, but a , but a Set of Advanced Technologies for Dynamic Spectrum Access for Dynamic Spectrum Access

XG

Pro

du

cts

XG

Pro

du

cts

Temporal, Spectral, Temporal, Spectral, Dimensional, Energy Dimensional, Energy

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Communications and Communications and Sensor ApplicationsSensor Applications

Transition toUser Community

Transition toUser Community

MeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurements Policy-Based ControlsPolicyPolicy-- Based ControlsBased Controls

XG BehaviorsXG BehaviorsXG Behaviors

Initial XG ImplementationInitial XG ImplementationInitial XG Implementation

Control of Features, Control of Features, Priorities, Allocations, Priorities, Allocations, Exclusions,…Exclusions,…


XG Policy-Based Controls

• XG Being Developed In Advance of Policy FrameworkXG Being Developed In Advance of Policy Framework– Implementations Must Fit With National And International Implementations Must Fit With National And International

RegulationsRegulations– Algorithms Must be AdaptableAlgorithms Must be Adaptable

• Regional and operational situationsRegional and operational situations

• Evolving policiesEvolving policies

• Policy-Based “Metalanguage”Policy-Based “Metalanguage”– Translates Policy Rules Into Radio Behavior ControlsTranslates Policy Rules Into Radio Behavior Controls– Decouples XG Technology From Regulatory ProcessDecouples XG Technology From Regulatory Process– Control Operating Rules Based on Policies and SituationsControl Operating Rules Based on Policies and Situations– Using Semantic Web Technologies (DAML/OIL/OWL)Using Semantic Web Technologies (DAML/OIL/OWL)

Policy-Based Controls Will Draw on Practices & Methodologies Policy-Based Controls Will Draw on Practices & Methodologies Currently Employed Manually by Spectrum Managers Currently Employed Manually by Spectrum Managers


Sense

Top-Level Functional Architecture

SystemStrategyReasonerRadio

PlatformPolicy

Reasoner

DeviceConfiguration

SystemPolicy

AccreditedPolicy

Transmit


Top-Level CONOPS

Develop Develop RequestRequest

RF Resource Request

Process Process RequestRequest

Determine Determine

OpportunitiesOpportunities

Select Select

OpportunitiesOpportunitiesRF

Transmit Plan

Bound: Yes/NoUnbound: Binding

Constraints


XG Key Principles

• Suitable for Range of Architectural ImplementationsSuitable for Range of Architectural Implementations– Centralized and decentralizedCentralized and decentralized

• Identify “Identify “Interference-PreventingInterference-Preventing” Core Set” Core Set– Extensible to other features (subleasing, microcharging,...)Extensible to other features (subleasing, microcharging,...)

• Separate Policies From EngineeringSeparate Policies From Engineering– Avoid advocacy for specific spectrum sharing policiesAvoid advocacy for specific spectrum sharing policies– XG being developed In advance of Policy FrameworksXG being developed In advance of Policy Frameworks

• Provide For Richness/Complexity of PoliciesProvide For Richness/Complexity of Policies– Regulations neither flat nor hierarchicalRegulations neither flat nor hierarchical

• Allow For Diversity of Policy SourcesAllow For Diversity of Policy Sources– Peer-Peer and hierarchical policy authoritiesPeer-Peer and hierarchical policy authorities– Enable extension to “cognitive” optimizing logicEnable extension to “cognitive” optimizing logic

Policy “Layer” Flexible for Implementations to Use Without Revisiting for Engineering & Policy Changes


The XG Problem SpaceHow Do We?

Measure Instantaneous

Spectrum U

sage?

Account for Propagation

Differences?

Policy LanguagePolicy LanguageCommon

Approaches that Must Be Agreed on, and Can be Adopted

Widely

Resolve Inconsiste

nt

Policies?

Infer Ambiguous

Policies?

Protect “Hidden”

Nodes?

Reflect Band-

Specific Policies?

Reflect Nation -

Policies?

Optim

ize System

Performance?

Infe

r Pote

ntial

Inte

rfere

nce?

ImplementationImplementationDesign Specific

Approaches that Can be Implemented in

Many Ways to Develop Unique

Products

Describe Worst-Case Interference?

Abstract Capabilities (Behaviors)


Levels of Policy Regulation

RegionalRegional

NationalNational NationalNational

Gov’tGov’t Non-Gov’tNon-Gov’t

AgenciesAgencies Commercial & Civil Commercial & Civil OwnersOwners

DoDDoDServicesServices

UnitUnit UnitUnit UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser

Interference

Interference

Prevention

Prevention

QOS, Cost

QOS, Cost

Optimization

Optimization

Policy AuthorityPolicy Authority

PolicyPolicy FocusFocus Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining

and Processing Rules From Multiple Authoritiesand Processing Rules From Multiple Authorities


Network-Specific PoliciesNetwork-Specific Policies

RegionalRegional

NationalNational NationalNationalNationalNational NationalNational

Gov’tGov’t NonNon--Gov’tGov’tGov’tGov’t NonNon--Gov’tGov’t

AgenciesAgenciesCommercial & Civil Commercial & Civil

OwnersOwnersDoDDoD

ServicesServicesAgenciesAgencies

Commercial & Civil Commercial & Civil OwnersOwners

DoDDoDServicesServices

UnitUnit UnitUnit UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUserUnitUnit UnitUnit UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser

Interference

InterferencePrevention

Prevention

QOS, Cost

QOS, CostOptimization

Optimization

Interference

InterferencePrevention

Prevention

QOS, Cost

QOS, CostOptimization

Optimization

Policy AuthorityPolicy Authority

PolicyPolicyFocusFocus

Spectrum Regulatory

Spectrum Regulatory

Policies

Policies

Dimensions of Policy Definition

Ra

dio

-Sp

eci

fic

Ra

dio

-Sp

eci

fic

Po

licie

sP

olic

ies


XG Policy Language

• Need to Express Policies In A Way That The Radio Can UnderstandNeed to Express Policies In A Way That The Radio Can Understand– Current regulatory policies are implicit in radio hardware – policy and Current regulatory policies are implicit in radio hardware – policy and

technology are coupled and costly to changetechnology are coupled and costly to change

– Need to be able to select and update policies in situNeed to be able to select and update policies in situ• New locations, updated policies, new authorizations, ...New locations, updated policies, new authorizations, ...

• Web Ontology Language (OWL) Being Used For Developing XG Web Ontology Language (OWL) Being Used For Developing XG Policy LanguagePolicy Language– Basis for semantic web technology – W3C recommendationBasis for semantic web technology – W3C recommendation

– Provides structure and richness needed to express policiesProvides structure and richness needed to express policies

– Includes general theorem proving/reasoning engines for deductive Includes general theorem proving/reasoning engines for deductive inferenceinference

– OWL Is OWL Is NOTNOT Another Programming Language – structured way to build Another Programming Language – structured way to build representations of knowledge, facts, and rules/policies for machine representations of knowledge, facts, and rules/policies for machine understandingunderstanding

Technology Independent Mathematical Rigor and Logic


Technology and Policy Evolution

1.1. Enhance Policy Flexibility by Enhance Policy Flexibility by Opening Up the EnvelopeOpening Up the Envelope• Confidence Gained From Confidence Gained From

ExperienceExperience

2.2. Increase Capability to Increase Capability to Dynamically Sense and AdaptDynamically Sense and Adapt• Faster Spectrum Analyzers, Faster Spectrum Analyzers,

More Instantaneous More Instantaneous BandwidthBandwidth

3.3. Develop Radios & Waveform Develop Radios & Waveform Standards that Can Exploit Standards that Can Exploit Sharing PoliciesSharing Policies• Wider Coverage, Better Wider Coverage, Better

Antennas, Adaptive Antennas, Adaptive WaveformsWaveforms

Dim

ens

ion

2D

imen

sio

n 2

Operating Operating AreaArea

Dimension 1Dimension 1

XG Approach XG Approach Allows the Operating Envelope To Autonomously Change Over Time as Policies and Technologies Evolve as Policies and Technologies Evolve Independently

Operating Operating AreaArea


XG Policy Language Features

• Resolve Multiple Sources Of Policy Without Causing FailureResolve Multiple Sources Of Policy Without Causing Failure– Allows for Multiple Uncoordinated Sources of PolicyAllows for Multiple Uncoordinated Sources of Policy

• Approachable ImplementationApproachable Implementation– Growing Community Of DAML/OWL Users, Features and Authoring ToolsGrowing Community Of DAML/OWL Users, Features and Authoring Tools

• Class ExtensibleClass Extensible– Maximizes Generality and Reduces ComplexityMaximizes Generality and Reduces Complexity– Everyone Can Extend Policies To Their NeedsEveryone Can Extend Policies To Their Needs– Rapid Adoption Of New Policy Concepts And TechnologiesRapid Adoption Of New Policy Concepts And Technologies

• Provable StructureProvable Structure– Set Theory, Logical Reasoning And Theorem ProvingSet Theory, Logical Reasoning And Theorem Proving

• Host Implementation IndependentHost Implementation Independent– All Policies Can Run On Any Compliant DeviceAll Policies Can Run On Any Compliant Device

Transition from Describing Self-Operation to Defining Effects on Others


Community Input to XG Protocol Development

• Based on Original ARPA/ Internet Protocol “Request for Based on Original ARPA/ Internet Protocol “Request for Comment” ProcessComment” Process– Aspects of XG Standard that Implement Interference “Trust”Aspects of XG Standard that Implement Interference “Trust”

• Protocols, API’s, Behaviors, CertificatesProtocols, API’s, Behaviors, Certificates

– Not Design/Implementation SpecificNot Design/Implementation Specific

• Web Sites Set Up to Host Draft Documents and Public Web Sites Set Up to Host Draft Documents and Public DiscussionsDiscussions– Users Can Access and Comment on DraftsUsers Can Access and Comment on Drafts– RFC: RFC: http://www.darpa.mil/ato/programs/XG/rfcs.htmhttp://www.darpa.mil/ato/programs/XG/rfcs.htm– Comments Accepted at Comments Accepted at [email protected]@darpa.mil– List Server: List Server: http://list.ir.bbn.com/mailman/listinfo/xg-publichttp://list.ir.bbn.com/mailman/listinfo/xg-public

• Technical – Not Regulatory ProcessTechnical – Not Regulatory Process


Accomplishments

• Collected RF Environment For Many ScenariosCollected RF Environment For Many Scenarios– Data Being Used As Basis For Phase 2 Design EvaluationsData Being Used As Basis For Phase 2 Design Evaluations

• First Version Of Sensor CompletedFirst Version Of Sensor Completed– Provides Needed Capability For Rapid Wideband SensingProvides Needed Capability For Rapid Wideband Sensing– Next Revision To Explore High-Risk/High-Payoff EnhancementsNext Revision To Explore High-Risk/High-Payoff Enhancements

• Three Feasible Designs For Interference Avoidance, Three Feasible Designs For Interference Avoidance, Network Operation, And RendezvousNetwork Operation, And Rendezvous– Nearing Phase 2 Evaluations And Competition For Phase 3 Nearing Phase 2 Evaluations And Competition For Phase 3

ParticipationParticipation

• Policy Language And Radio Interface DefinedPolicy Language And Radio Interface Defined– Policy Language RFC v1 Composed And ReleasedPolicy Language RFC v1 Composed And Released– Extensible to Future “Cognitive” TechnologyExtensible to Future “Cognitive” Technology


Program Development Plan

FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06

XG System End-to-End XG System End-to-End Mobile DemoMobile Demo

10X ReusePossible

10X Reuse(Lab)

CDR Final Demo

Policy Language DevelopmentPolicy Language Development

System IntegrationSystem Integration System IntegrationSystem Integration

High Risk TechnologiesHigh Risk Technologies

SensingSensing

Lab Demos