X86 Assembly Language

•Same Assembly Language for 8086,80286,80386,80486,Pentium I II and III

•Newer Processors add a few instructions but include all instructions from earlier processors

CISC (X86) vs. RISC (MIPS)

• CISC machines have fewer registers• CISC machines have more addressing modes – one

operand can be memory (no LW or SW)• CISC machines have more instruction formats and they

vary in length • CISC machines have more instructions• Programs require fewer CISC instructions than RISC

but time/instruction is longer• With pipelining and dynamic execution, a CISC

instruction set is perhaps 10-20% slower than RISC

Assembly Resources (Free)

• Free AMD X86 manuals

• http://www.intel.com/design/pentiumii/manuals/24319102.PDF

Celeron & PIII – P6 Core

• Celeron Home Page http://www.intel.tm.za/design/celeron/index.htm

• P6 Core Manual http://www.intel.tm.za/design/pentiumII/manuals/244001.htm