X Ray Transport / Optics / Diagnostics Overview

X Ray Transport / Optics / Diagnostics Overview

Richard M. BiontaFacility Advisory Committee Meeting

April 29, 2004

Richard M. BiontaFacility Advisory Committee Meeting

April 29, 2004

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

UndulatorHall

Electron Dump

Front End Enclosure

Near Experimental

Hall

X-Ray Tunnel

Far Experimental

Hall

Electron Transport

Linac

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

XTOD Goals

Provide vacuum path from end of undulator to hutches in Far Hall with capability of attenuating beam to synchrotron levels.

Provide necessary diagnostics to commission the LCLS and monitor its performance.

Demonstrate detection and optical techniques that would be useful to users.

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

X-ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics Layout

Front EndEnclosureFast Close ValveSlitsAttenuatorsShielding

FEL Measurements & Experiments:Low Power ImagingHigh Power ImagingSpectrometerCalorimeter

Flipper Mirror

ExperimentsOpticsStructual BioNano-scaleFemtochem

FEE

NEHFEH

Tunnel

Experiments:OpticsWarm Dense Matter

Experiments:Atomic Physics

FEH Optics:Pulse-Split-&-DelayMonochrometer

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Calculated Peak FEL Fluence along Z

Distance from undulator exit (m)

Flu

ence

, J/ c

m2

10

1

0.1

0.01

The fluence decrease with distance and photon energy, and ranges from 30 J cm-2 to < 0.01 J cm-2

Peak Fluence, J/cm2FEH FEE-NEH

1000 200 300 400

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Energy depositions near melt cause damage

Pressure in a Multilayer of Be B4C. 8 keV photons in Near Hall

pressure (kbar)

-40

90

0

t = 50 ps

Pressure and density in a Si mirror (surface melted), for 2 keV photons near undulator.

5050

2.05

2.45

density (g/cc)

t = 50 ps

Transverse distance (µm)

P

time (ps)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2 kbar

depth (µm)depth (µm)

Be B4C

0 1 2 3 4 5

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

LCLS fluence melts many materials in a single pulse

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

100 1000 10000

Photon energy (eV)

Flu

en

ce (

J/cm

^2

)

undulatorexitexperimentalhall A

experimentalhall B

C

Si

W

Au

Be

NEH

FEH

FEE

Normal incidence, fluence to melt (without latent heat of melting).

The gains (reduced dose) available by operating below grazing incidence are ~ 10.

0.01

0.1

1

10

0.1 1 10 100

grazing angle (degrees)

energ

y d

ensit

y c

orr

ect

ion

0.8 keV critical angle

0.8 keV

8 keV critical angle

8 keV

with electroncorrection

no electroncorrection

Based on melt damage, the FEE and NEH require the use of low-Z materials and / or grazing incidence geometry. The FEH allows some standard solutions.

Grazing incidence may help

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Fastclosevalve

Slit A

PPS

13'Muonshield

Gas Attenuator

SolidAttenuator

Slit B

PPS

4'Muonshield

WindowlessIonChamber

Direct ImagerIndirect Imager

Spectrometer,Total Energy

PPS

AccessShaft

AccessShaft

ElectronBeam

PhotonBeam

Electron Dump

Front End Enclosure

NEH Hutch 1

Front End Enclosure/ Hutch 1 Layout

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Adjustable High-Power SlitsAdjustable High-Power Slits

Intended to intercept spontaneous Intended to intercept spontaneous

beam, not FEL beam -- but will come beam, not FEL beam -- but will come

very close, so peak power is an issuevery close, so peak power is an issue

Treat jaw as mirror (high-Z Treat jaw as mirror (high-Z

material)material)

Concept requires long jaws with Concept requires long jaws with

precision motionprecision motion

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Windowless Gas Attenuator – 10 m system

Region of highest pressure

Gas Inlet

WindowVacuum pumps Vacuum pumps

Photon Energy eV

Gas Pressure, torr Transmission

800 N 1.65 10-4

8260 Ar 10 0.2

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Gas Attenuator – Window Options

Open, tilted, nozzleHigh gas flow

Rotating slotsSynchronization

Plasma WindowGas flow

Photon Energy eV FEL FWHM mm

800 1.252

8260 0.176 Z = 90 m

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

LCLS Commissioning

Measuring Gain vs z. Kick beam at z to stop FEL gain

Measure at end of undulator

Measure Spectra with resolution < = 5-15x10-4

But with bandwidth of 0.5%

Measure Pulse length

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Spontaneous radiation is a big background

0 < Ephoton < 1.2 MeV

400 keV < Ephoton < 1.2 MeVFar-field radiation pattern calculated by R. Tatchyn 400 m

from undulator exit

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

NEH Hutch 1 Diagnostic systems

Windowless Ion

Chamber

Imaging Detector

TankComissioning

Tank

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Low Power imaging camera prototype

CCDCamera

MicroscopeObjective

LSO or YAG:Ce crystal prism assembly

X-ray beam

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Camera configuration allows choice of resolution / FOV

1.5 mm

1.1 mm

1.5 mm

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Be Reflectivity at 8.267 keV

1.E-06

1.E-04

1.E-02

1.E+00

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Angle, deg

Ref

lect

ivit

y

Indirect, high power imaging system

Be MirrorBe Mirror

Be Mirror angle provides "gain" adjustment Be Mirror angle provides "gain" adjustment over several orders of magnitude.over several orders of magnitude.

Cuts off high energy spontaneousCuts off high energy spontaneous

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Commissioning DiagnosticsIntrusive measurements behind attenuator

MeasurementsPhoton energy spectraTotal energySpatial coherenceSpatial shape and centroidDivergence

R&DPulse length

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Sensitivity test X-ray pulse length / synchronization concept

Trigger A

Tunable Laser

OSA

Detector ScopeEDFA P

50:50 50:50

90:10

-1dB

-1dB-1dB

-15 dB

30 dBm

X-ray pulse

Detector

0 dBm

26 dBm 11 dBm 10 dBm

10 dBm

9 dBm

9 dBm

Optical Fiber Pigtailed Sensor InGaAsP Ridge Waveguide

Mach-Zehnder Interferometer to convert sensor optical phase modulation to intensity modulation

0.2 m InP cap

0.6 m InGaAsP waveguide

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Sputtered-sliced multilayer gratings as high bw spectrometersSputtered-sliced multilayer gratings as high bw spectrometers

5-m-thick Mo/Si multilayer (d=200 Å) on Si wafer substrate. Thinned and polished to a 10- m-thick slice

0.3 m

SEM image of Mo/Si multilayer

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Low-Z Refractive Optic Alternatives to Hi-Z Mirrors

Diamond-Turned Al Blazed Phase Plate Diamond-Turned Be Parabola

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Modeling and simulationRoman’s Roman’s SpontaneousSpontaneous

Time Domain

Frequency Domain

Temporal

Spatial

Transforms

MaterialsData Base

MonteCarlo

Multi-modeWave

Gaussian

UndulatorOptics

Far-fieldSpontaniousDistribution

DiffractedFELBeam

Modulation of modes by optics

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Photon Monte Carlo Simulations for predicting backgrounds and detector performance

4,0002,0000-2,000-4,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

-1,000

-2,000

-3,000

-4,000

-5,000

SPEAR source simulation

Visible photons

X, microns

Y, m

icro

ns

LSO25 Exit Z

403020100

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

MonteCarlo

Bend

LSO

5,0000-5,000-10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

-2,000

-4,000

-6,000

-8,000

-10,000

5,0000-5,000-10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

-2,000

-4,000

-6,000

-8,000

-10,000

X Ray Photons

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Common SW base for managing deliverables

Models of deliverables

Materials

FEL Sim Spontaneous Sim

Ginger Far Field

Ray Tracer

Data Analysis

Data Storage

Data Acquisition

Design Specs

Near Field

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Schedule

Management / OversightManagement and oversight PED

Controls

Mechanical and VacuumEIR ReviewFront End Enclosure(FEE)

Near Experimental HallTunnel #

Far Experimental Hall #

Facility Optical SystemsLehman ReviewFixed Mask FEESlits/Collimator A FEESlits/Collimator B FEEGas Attenuator FEESolid Attenuator FEELow Energy Mirror System, NEH Hutch 3 #

FY08FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Schedule (cont.)

-

1.3.1.4.. End Station Optical Systems1.3.1.4.2. Optics Tank - NEH Hutch 2 # #1.3.1.4.1. K-B Mirror System B - Far Hall # #1.3.1.4.2. Optics Tank - Far Hall # #1.3.1.4.5. Refractive Lenses NEH Optics Tank # #

Last item

1.3.1.5.. Crystals and Gratings1.3.1.1.2. Lehman Review1.3.1.5.1. Crystal Monochromator FEH # #1.3.1.5.2. Pulse Split and delay FEH # #

1.3.1.6.. Diagnostics1.3.1.6.1. Modeling and Simulation # #1.3.1.6.2. Direct Scintillator Imager # #1.3.1.6.3. Indirect Imager # #1.3.1.6.4. Ion Chamber # #1.3.1.6.5. Gas Mixing System FEE # #1.3.1.6.6. Imaging Diagnostic Tank # #1.3.1.6.8. Comissioning Diagnostic Tank # #1.3.1.6.9. Total Energy Measurement # #1.3.1.6.10. Pulse Length # #1.3.1.6.11. Spectrometer # #

FY08FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

Resources$KManagement 5993Controls 1119Mech & Vac 2724Fixed Mask 338Slit A & B 1954Flipper Mirror 769Gas Attenuator 2044Solid Attenuator 233Optics Tanks 684Monochrometer 338Pulse Split and Delay 275Modeling and Simulation 864Direct Imager 820Indirect Imager 689Windowless Ion chamber 878Gas system 562Diagnostic tanks 573Total energy 806Spectral Measurement 739Coherence Measurement 383Centroid and Divergence 94Installation 2461R&D 2491

Total 27831

Funding Profile

02000400060008000

1000012000

FY

$KFTEs

0

5

10

15

20

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

FY

FT

E

Richard M. Bionta

XTOD Overviewe bionta1@llnl.gov

April 29, 2004

XTOD Summary

Large number of independent deliverablesDraw heavily on diverse engineering talent from LLNL

Source for testing damage issues does not existMultiple detector / optics schemes

Funding Profile means considerable design work still ahead

Extensive simulations of beam and components

The resources are available for success.