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Environmentally sound technologies in Poland – market overview and business opportunities
for SMEs
Prof. Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw
Member of UNFCCC Technology Executive Committee
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Panel topic and participants
„Clean technologies and green patents as an opportunity for small
and medium-size enterprises”
• Mr. Makoto Akiyama - Japan Patent Office
• Dr. Łukasz Drewniak - CEO of RDLS Sp. z o.o., University of Warsaw
• Dr. Yorimasa Suwa - Japan Intellectual Property Association, Teijin Ltd.
• Prof. Krzysztof Klincewicz - Member of UNFCCC Technology Executive Committee, University of Warsaw
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Environmentally sound technologies
„Environmentally sound technologies are techniques and technologies capable of
reducing environmental damage through processes and materials that generate
fewer potentially damaging substances, recover such substances from emissions prior to discharge, or utilize and recycle
production residues.”Source: United Nations, Glossary of Environment Statistics, 1997
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Environmentally sound technologies – similar terms:
ambiguous name
not only technological
technologies for mitigation and adaptation,environmental aspects linked to climate change only
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Environmentally sound technologies
• renewables• energy efficiency• energy
conservation• transportation
• waste management
• water management
• biodiversity protection
• agriculture and forestry
• air protection
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Poland investing in environment
Environmental investment (2012, as % of GDP)
EU: 0.22%
public: 0.12%
private: 0.1%
Poland: 0.60%
public: 0.28%
private: 0.32%
Environmental investment: All outlays in a given year for machinery, equipment and land used for environmental protection purposes. Source: Eurostat
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Greenhouse gas emissions
Australia -2.3%Austria +16.3%Denmark -27.1%Finland -23.2%France -16.7%Germany -23.8%Ireland +2.3%Italy -9.6%Japan +2.3%Netherlands -8.0%Poland -32.2%Russia -50.8%Spain +21.9%Sweden -26.3%United Kingdom -28.6%Ukraine -52.2%United States +7.6%
Australia 543.6 mtFrance 490.1 mtGermany 939.1 mtItaly 460.1 mtJapan 1,343.1 mtPoland 399.2 mtRussia 2,295.0 mtSpain 340.8 mtUkraine 401.0 mtUnited Kingdom
584.3 mt
Greenhouse gas emissions in t CO2 equivalent, 2012
Source: UNFCCC
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, 1990-2011
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Importance of renewable energy
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption, 2012. Source: Eurostat
very high:• Sweden 51%• Finland 34.3%• Austria 32.1%• Denmark 26%
high:• Spain 14.3%• Italy 13.5%• France 13.4%• Germany 12.4%• Czech Republic 11.2%• Poland 11.0%
medium:• Slovakia 10.4%• Hungary 9.6%• Ireland 7.2%
low:• Belgium 6.8%• Netherlands 4.5%• United Kingdom 4.2%
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Market for environmental technologies in Poland
Suppliers of environmental technologies, 2009:• 510 companies• 24-27,000 employees• 194 local producers with 42.5% market share
Renewable sector, 2012:• 34,600 employees• annual sales of 13,493m PLN (3,055m EUR)
Renewable energy generation, 2012:• 1,715 installation + 288 new licences• 4,384,306 MW installed capacity + 5,033,367
MW covered by new licences• 56.9% of the power generated from wind,
followed by hydropower and biomass
Climate-related investments in the Poland-EU Partnership Agreement, 2014-2020: 22.7b EUR (20% of all EU funds allocated for Poland)
Source: Klincewicz, K. (ed.) Polski rynek technologii środowiskowych. Ministry of Environment, 2013. http://greenevo.gov.pl/images/ZielonetechnologieraportyPDF/raport_greenevo_20131022.pdf
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Success story: solar thermal collectors
2011: Poland had the 6th largest cumulated surface of solar thermal collectors in Europe
starting from 21,000 m2 in 2000 growing to 903,659 m2 in 2011(+4303.1%, +391.2% per year)
2001-2009: 43% average annual sales growth in Poland
2009: annual sales of over 450m PLN
about 50% of solar collectors exported
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Polish suppliers of environmental technologies (GreenEvo)
GreenEvo: annual country-wide competition, organized by the Ministry of Environment, verifying the competitiveness and environmental features of technologies
95.0%77.5%
42.5%45.0%
companies conduct R&D projects
companies apply for Polish patents
companies apply for patents abroad
companies witnessed competitors trying to copy their solutions
Source: Klincewicz, K. (ed.) Polski rynek technologii środowiskowych. Ministry of Environment, 2013. http://greenevo.gov.pl/images/ZielonetechnologieraportyPDF/raport_greenevo_20131022.pdf
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Porter’s hypothesis
Source: Michael E. Porter, M.E., van der Linde, C., Towards a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, 9, 4
The more stringent the local environmental regulations, the more innovative and competitive becomes the local industry
Lack of conclusive empirical evidence
Ambitions within the European Union
Business opportunities for Polish SMEs ???
