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7 = 6
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4=
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: 4
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4
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S
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S
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R S NDA ).euqilcunobiryxosd edicA . S
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S R :
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S R
S
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2
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)
NDA
NDA
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NDA NDA :
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-
21 :
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A )C + T( / )G + A( = 1 1 T/A = C/G = C T A . G C T
). G C T A( . G
. 31 KCIRC NOSTAW
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.NDA 0591 ffagrahC niwrE NDA G ,C ,T ,A
.
%
T+C/G+A C / G T / A T C G A
30.1 10.1 50.1 4.92 8.91 9.91 9.03
30.1 20.1 40.1 3.82 0.12 4.12 3.92
79.0 59.0 89.0 3.92 5.12 5.02 8.82
NDA ffagrahC
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. NDA )T( enimyhT
C
NH C
C
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NDA 3591 nostaW kcirC .
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mn 43,0
mn 2
A T
G
C
A
C
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A
C
C
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T A
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A
T A
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C
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3
5
3
5
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4OP3H
nosiaiL
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-
41 :
mn03 . stnemalifolcun seL
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. .
. NDA .
) + NDA ( .
. NDA IV .51 .NDA
.NDA : 41
.NDA
: .
: .
= 2
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= 3
NDA= 1
= 6
= 5
= 4
. NDA : 51
NDA .
.) ( NDA .M C I: . )1 NDA )2 ) ... ( )3
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-
51 :
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: NDA )2
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q q2 NDA NDA q2 NDA
. q
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NDA NDA .
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q2 NDA . q NDA
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q2
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01
q
4
2
0
52 02 51 01 5 0
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1G
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M
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I
-
61 :
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: lhatS nosleseM NDA
NDA ). 1 ( NDA N41 . N51
.0G : )2 ( NDA
0G NDA N41
2G 1G noitagufirtneC . .3G
:
427,1 = d
717,1 = d
2/1 + NDA 2/1 NDA %001
717,1 = d
017,1 = d
? ?
0G
1G
2G
3G
0G
)N41(
84 NDA NDA
NDA %001
:
A
DN
)N41(
)N51(
84 NDA
NDA41
N
NDA51
N
NDA
NDA
017,1 = d
NDA %001
427,1 = d
NDA %001
1 2
-
71 :
: )1
NDA )427.1( NDA ( 717.1= )NDA(d : 1G . NDA ))017.1
. DNA % 05 NDA %05: 2G . DNA % 57 NDA %52: 3G
NDA 1G NDA . N51 N41
NDA 2G NDA . N41
lhatS nosleseM )2 : . NDA
lhatS nosleseM )1 71 )2
.lhatS nosleseM NDA .NDA : 71
. NDA :
NDA NDA NDA
NDA
NDA
NDA
evisrepsid eirohT
evitavresnoc - imes eirohT
evitavresnoc eirohT
001 % :0G
001 % :1G
05 % :2G 05 % +
52 % :3G 57 %+
NDA
-
81 :
81 . rolyaT
.NDA NDA )1
.
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.
NDA )3 . NDA
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. rolyaT : 81
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: .
3
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rolyaT
NDA NDA
-
91 :
91 . NDA
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. S . NDA
. NDA
: S
:
NDA
NDA
C
T
G
T
T
C
C
A
T
A
G
T G
A
T
C
A
G
C
A
A
G
T
G
A
T
C
A C
T
A
G
NDA
NDA
:
NDA
NDA
+
: NDA
C
T
G
T
T
C
C
A
T
A
G
A
G
C
A
A
G
T
G
A
T
C
NDA
C
T
G
T
T
C
C
A
T
A
G
A
G
C
A
A
G
T
G
A
T
C
C
T
G
T
T
C
C
A
T
A
G
A
G
C
A
A
G
T
G
A
T
C
-
02 :
NDA . NDA
:
). (
NDA C T A
.NDA ) ( G
) ( NDA
. ) (
:
NDA NDA NDA .
. : NDA .
