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Towards a Universal Business Towards a Universal Business Language: Language:
Developing UBL as an international open Developing UBL as an international open standard for the conduct of XML-based standard for the conduct of XML-based electronic businesselectronic business
Tim McGrath Tim McGrath October 2005October 2005
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• The OASIS Universal Business Language provides XML-based document models for e-commerce applications such as service oriented architectures and web services. • As such it is an open standard for what is often the missing link for these services - the structures and semantics of the payload itself. • This presentation will introduce the big ideas of UBL and discuss the successes and failures in achieving its goals.
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Tim’s house
Personal Introduction
London
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Tim’s house
Crocodile
hunter
Everyone else
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The Universal Business Language
International, royalty-free library of electronic business documents patterns.
Designed in an open and accountable vendor-neutral OASIS Technical Committee.
Fills the “payload” slot in B2B web services frameworks Both human-readable and machine-readable Designed for compatibility with existing EDI systems, existing
legal frameworks, and existing patterns of trade Intended for normative status under international law
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UBL is a business vocabulary for XML
HTTP + HTML = Web Publishing
= Web Commerce
ebXML/WS + UBLUBL
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UBL: the “Fifth Generation” B2B language
UBL represents over six years of continuous development in the creation of a standard XML business syntax.
G1 (1Q 1998): CBL 1.0 (Veo/NIST) G2 (2Q 1999): CBL 2.0 (Commerce One)
plus over 20 years of EDI standards development G3 (4Q 2000): xCBL 3.0 (Commerce One and SAP) G4 (1Q 2003): UBL 0.7 (OASIS) G5 (4Q 2004): UBL 1.0 (OASIS)
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The Big Ideas of UBL
“Words cannot convey the depth of language, and language cannot convey the depth of meaning.”
Confucius (551-479 BCE)
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A basic requirement for two businesses to conduct business is that their business systems interoperate.
The meaning of the information exchanged is understood as intended. This has always been true, regardless of the technology used. Interoperability requires:
that parties can exchange information and use the information they exchange.
that the information being exchanged is conceptually equivalent. Easy to express but hard to achieve.
Variations in strategies, location, language, legacy applications, business processes, and terminology.
Different “contexts of use”
Requirements for Document Exchange
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Problems with Document Exchange The names of components are only a small part of
their meaning: XML is not self-describing. modelers will often choose different names for the same
component. Different document samples can lead to incompatible
models. All model expressions have technological limitations.
XML schemas cannot do everything. So how do we solve this challenge?
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Encouraging the use of Patterns
Patterns are models that are sufficiently general, adaptable, and worthy of imitation that we can use them over and over again.
Document exchanges for businesses follow common patterns.
Using patterns ensures applications and services are robust but adaptable when technology or business conditions change (as they inevitably will).
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Sidenote on Standards Standards are common patterns that have
sanction and/or traction. Sanction
de jure (ISO/UN/IEC, OASIS) Traction
de facto (widely used) History tells us traction is more important
than sanction (HTML, TCP/IP, MS-Word, etc.. )
Sanction is a means to achieve traction – not a goal in itself!
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• Interoperability requires all members of a trading community to understand the documents.
• This is facilitated when their syntax and semantics conform to common patterns.
• XML has become the preferred syntax for representing information in documents.
• Now we need to define common patterns for the semantics of business documents using XML syntax.
- a “universal” business language
Patterns Promote Interoperability
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Making it real with UBL
“Technology neutral semantic alignment is unarguably a good thing, butonly standardization on a single syntax will yield direct advantages.”
Jon Bosak Chair, OASIS UBL TC
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Example of a UBL Document<BuyersID>20031234-1</BuyersID> <cbc:IssueDate>2003-01-23</cbc:IssueDate> <cbc:LineExtensionTotalAmount amountCurrencyCodeListVersionID="0.3" amountCurrencyID="USD">438.50</cbc:LineExtensionTotalAmount> <cac:BuyerParty> <cac:Party> <cac:PartyName> <cbc:Name>Bills Microdevices</cbc:Name> </cac:PartyName> <cac:Address> <cbc:StreetName>Spring St</cbc:StreetName> <cbc:BuildingNumber>413</cbc:BuildingNumber> <cbc:CityName>Elgin</cbc:CityName> <cbc:PostalZone>60123</cbc:PostalZone> <cac:CountrySubentityCode>IL</cac:CountrySubentityCode> </cac:Address> <cac:Contact> <cbc:Name>George Tirebiter</cbc:Name> </cac:Contact> </cac:Party> </cac:BuyerParty>
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A UBL Implementationwww.oasis-open.org
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UBL 1.0• Released May 1st 2004• Basic Procurement Business Process Model
• Order to Invoice
• XML Schemas (W3C XSD)• Order to Invoice Documents
• Re-usable Common Component Library
• XML (XSD) Naming and Design Rules• Guidelines for schema customization.• Pattern library of conceptual models.• Forms Presentations and sample documents• Download at : http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/ubl
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Recent UBL Developments UBL International Data Dictionary:
600 elements translated into Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Japanese, Korean, and Spanish.
UBL Naming and Design Rules (NDR) adopted by chemical industry (CIDX), petroleum (PIDX), agriculture
(RAPID), real estate (OSCRE/PISCES), U.S. Department of the Navy (DON), U.S. Taxation (IRS).
UBL Invoice used by the Danish Govt. February to April 2005, more than one million invoices exchanged. Estimated savings 94 million Euro annually.
UBL Invoice used by the Swedish Govt. Announced October 2005
Small Business Subset Simple implementation guide for SMEs.
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Work Plan for UBL 2.0 Extended library.
Extended Procurement Process (Europe). Transportation Process Documents (Asia). Electronic Catalogue process (Europe).
Improved library. Improve modelling Clearer architecture.
Technology improvements All types are global Guidelines for validation of codes
Aligning with ISO and UN/CEFACT projects. Core Component Type library. UN/TDED.
Release Sept. 2006.
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Failures Education and Support
Challenged by success Documentation Communication
Convergence e.g. RosettaNet, OAG, UN/CEFACT Liaison not equal to coordination
Customization approach Too constrained What is conformance and compliance?
We’re still here Aren’t we there yet?
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Successes UBL is real
The first set of XML documents based on ebXML Core Components (ISO 15000-5)
A library of reusable data components Stimulation for others
Libraries of ebXML Core Components XML Naming and Design Rules
We’re still here! 138 members (18 voting) Project managing standards development
…(and there’s more!)
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Successes Internationalization
Asia, Latin America, Scandanavia Engagement and adoption
Adoption Organic (viral) growth Europe and Asia North America (NDRs)
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B C D
Address. Details Addressthe particulars that identify and locate the place where someone lives or is situated, or where an organisation is situated.
Address. Identifier IDa unique identifier given to a specific address within a scheme of registered addresses.
Address. Postbox. Text Postboxa post office box number or a numbered post box in a post office assigned to a person or organization where letters for them are kept until called for, used as part of an address.
Address. Floor. Text Flooridentification by name or number of the floor in a building, as part of an address.
Address. Room. Text Room identifies the room, suite or apartment as part of an address.
Address. Street Name. Name StreetName the name of the street, as part of an address.
English 514,000,000Spanish 425,000,000
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O P
Direccióndatos que identifican y ubican el lugar donde alguien vive o está situado, o donde está situada una organización.
IDidentificador único dado a una dirección específica dentro de un esquema de direcciones registradas.
Apartado Postalnúmero de apartado postal o caja numerada de una oficina de correos asignada a una persona u organización donde se depositan las cartas hasta su recogida, utilizado como parte de la dirección.
PisoIdentificación mediante nombre o número de la planta en un edificio, como parte de la dirección.
Puerta identifica la habitación, apartamento o piso como parte de la dirección.
Calle nombre de la calle, como parte de la dirección.
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K L
所在地 人物または組織の所在地。
所在地ID住所を一意に識別する識別子(住所を蓄積する際の定義の仕方に従う)。
私書箱番号 私書箱番号。
階 階数。
室 部屋番号。
通り名称 通りの名称。番地。
Japanese 120,000,000
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M N
주소 사람이나 조직의 위치 혹은 소재지를 설명하는 내용
주소 ID등록된 주소의 체계내에서 특정 주소에 부여된 고유의 식별자
사서함
주소의 일부로 사용되는, 개인이나 조직에게 할당되는 우체국 사서함 번호 또는 번호가 부여된 우편함으로서 개인이나 조직 앞으로 발송된 서신들을 당사자가 가져갈 때까지 보관하는 곳
층주소의 일부로서 빌딩의 층 수 또는 층 이름을 이용한 층 식별 방법
호실 주소의 일부로서 방, 스위트 또는 아파트를 식별
거리명 주소의 일부가 되는 거리의 이름
Korean 60,000,000 Chinese (Mandarin) 1,075,000,000
The Meaning of Internationalization
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The Value of Internationalization
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The Value of Adoption
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UBL Standard Needs Wider Use to Succeed 15 November 2004
Recommendations
* Governments and other organizations should evaluate adopting UBL, but cannot anticipate widespread usage soon. UBL must gain broad adoption by 2008 if it is to have a significant impact.
* A vocabulary-based approach is invaluable for e-commerce and can save enormous effort in XML data modeling. Use the extent of UBL's adoption by specific industries to measure whether it is living up to its promise.
Analytical Sources: Rita Knox, Charles Abrams and Frank Kenney, Gartner Research
The Next Challenge
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Summary
The Universal Business Language is an international, royalty-free library of electronic business documents patterns.
UBL is addressing the challenge of supporting interoperable business services.
We are learning from our failures. We are encouraged by our successes. We are preparing for the challenge ahead.
